1 10 19 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/03483d648efbd619d0f66b16e6adb70d.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=H1mJV-DkAJhl5FTuTS9Tn6TF3jKkVA69mZhuwsp3RZGnkd6hHg37XafIvp9IG2Ej%7Eo8ck3XHjV-ZAXiRCwdpNMD5JGcgVI6T28gKQHPlvL5KJPw1lAysjeaw%7E9VhAPH89LkZ4Gs8bNP-jcxEfpfgeZIGQWZrmFIlhu3MhQHcmhlI-lVWoWfKQ9EKtcZPKv6fycKNN0TeXQZcOzXWBbqI2snnNYb5bed3D-9zVmSxEjhlNchlM4dDTq-J6rU-r0yALe4OITC307E3lMDCk2wsVkw73x-KM%7EDE1bg5tbPPWIcjxrxbQnG7Qn5KKTdX-RxkSRbE02Gb9JGWIYeT49XgCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a57ba69347a068e6e63f003c792e3651 PDF Text Text Southwest Employment Area A PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTATION J^Q^LW A L A N M VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES, INC. �A g e n c i e s r e p r e s e n t e d i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Committee: B u r e a u of the Budget Department of A g r i c u l t u r e D e p a r t m e n t of Defense Department of H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n and W e l f a r e Department of Housing and U r b a n Development Department of the T r e a s u r y Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n General Services Administration D . C . Department of Highways and T r a f f i c National A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n National C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency S m i t h s o n i a n Institution Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t C o m m i s s i o n Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study �SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA A PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTATION Prepared for SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT A R E A TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE By ALAN M. VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES. INC. W E S T G A T E R E S E A R C H PARK McLEAN, VIRGINIA 22101 MARCH, 1969 �PREFACE The w o r k done by the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a W o r k i n g Subcommittee and i t s staff i n connection w i t h the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study" by A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , dated D e c e m b e r 1968, made it c l e a r that a concentrated effort on behalf of s e v e r a l agencies w i l l be n e c e s s a r y to implement the r e p o r t ' s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s . Many of the r e c o m mendations a r e c r i t i c a l to development planned to be completed before r a p i d t r a n s i t . F a i l u r e to implement c e r t a i n of the recommendations would r e s u l t i n a chaotic t r a n s p o r t a t i o n situation inthe Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . T h i s r e p o r t w a s made to analyze the t a s k s recommended for completion b e tween J a n u a r y 1969 and the opening of the D S t r e e t subway, to put them i n a t i m e f r a m e , to study t h e i r i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s and to determine w h i c h t a s k s are c r i t i c a l . Data used for this study i n c l u d e : • Data obtained i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study" by A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , dated December 1968. • Up-dated building c o n s t r u c t i o n schedule - D . C . L a n d Agency. • Up-dated s t r e e t c o n s t r u c t i o n schedule - D . C . Department of Highways and T r a f f i c . • Up-dated schedule of subway design, construction and operation Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y . Redevelopment A f t e r the i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m the p r e v i o u s r e p o r t w a s up-dated, a l i s t of t a s k s was developed. T a s k s w e r e put i n a t i m e f r a m e and, because of the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s between t a s k s , c r i t i c a l t a s k s w e r e able to be identified. Chapter One d i s c u s s e s the implementation p r o g r a m , the t a s k s and a c t i v i t i e s together f o r m i n g an action p r o g r a m for the Southwest Employment A r e a . T a s k s and a c t i v i t i e s c r i t i c a l to implementation of the p r o g r a m and thus c r i t i c a l to the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n situation i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a a r e d i s cussed i n Chapter T w o . T h e conclusions of this r e p o r t a r e presented i n Chapter T h r e e . �CTINSTITUTiON AVENUE D MADISON DRIVE F tlj , U d., ts ú f¡ EFFERSON DRIV è xirñ f tNDAPgNÞ CË ,AVËNUT ä lr-¡ (",) tr tar) * v) u.t þ v) u¡ tr C $TRTfrT þ* rt I k x þ È þ -c Õ )) tl þ LU n il J T cn I þ tu t!¡ f Çñ ¡t þ* II rHI il TJ $0u * "{. W[sT FRTñWA t"l UJ x L a/> e c\¡ 28. Ir' - I I 130 WASHINGTON CHANNEL l. 2. 3. 4. 5. óo. ób. Bur. Print & Engr. Liberry Loon,/Auditors Bldg. Agriculture Admin. & Sourh Engroving Annex Agriculture Annex North Porfol (SQ 2ó7-2ó8) Portol Rood Builders 24. 25. 26. AVFNU 7. Pepco 8. Wolpe 9. McLochlen Bonk 10. GHt I L Forreslol Building 12. sQ 38ó 13. FB #'l0A 14. .I5. ROB GSA HUD ló. 17. r8. L'Enfont Plozo o. South e. b. North f, ê c. Lenler d. Eost Hotel West Commtl FB #t0B sQ 4ó3 19. FB #ó 20. DGS Oflice (SO 493) 21. Reporlers Building 22. Nossif Buildins 23. Coffey Smith Army Times Otis Elevqtors 27. BRI DGE LEGEND II L_ -Tl L lóc J I IIII (J t/: ¿r'} ul STRfä F ti, ¡l"i Þ( 6a. &. \ sTRrf;T*Ë UJ þ u-¡ l3th ul (r) X {/) sTRË ËT |tu "ñ ü- þ UJ -.f f\ -.e u { .à c* Iil IU r* J J ul L - þ *{ Eostmon Kodok 28. Police ond Fire 29. Smith Corono 30. Gulf 31. Copitol Film 32o HEW North 32b HEW South 33. South Portol (SO. 577) TËR LTG t N sTRËTT 39 FRËËWAY 34. FB #8 35. Terminol Office 3ó. FB #r 37, Communify (SO. 582) 38. SQ.537 39. Pepco Sub-Stotion 40. Phillips 41. Morket Center 42. Morket lnn 43. Morfoir 44. C&P 45. Communily OË INNËR LOOP I I Exiisting 6 Buildings Not to Scole rrl 43 '//l Proposed Buildinss LJnder Construction DStreet Proposed Subwoy Route Buildi �T A B L E OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Preface Definitions I T h e Implementation P r o g r a m II T a s k s and A c t i v i t i e s C r i t i c a l to Implementation. . . . 13 III Conclusions 1 15 LIST OF FIGURES Figures Page 1 A c t i v i t i e s r e l a t e d to building construction 4 2 A c t i v i t i e s r e l a t e d to p r o v i s i o n of bus loading 7 areas 3 A c t i v i t i e s r e l a t e d to p a r k i n g 11 4 A p r o g r a m for implementation 16 �DEFINITIONS The following w o r d s - section, t a s k and a c t i v i t y - a r e u s e d throughout t h i s r e p o r t and have been defined a s f o l l o w s : SECTION - A m a j o r group of r e l a t e d w o r k i t e m s (e. g . , P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ) TASK A single m a j o r w o r k i t e m within a section (e. g. , A d d i t i o n a l bus s e r v i c e ) ACTIVITY A single w o r k i t e m r e l a t e d to one or m o r e t a s k s (e. g. , Adjustment of bus r o u t e s ) �-1- C H A P T E R ONE THE IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM INTRODUCTION E i g h t m a j o r a r e a s of a c t i v i t y or " s e c t i o n s " have been defined. E a c h c o n s i s t s of a number of " t a s k s " , that should be completed between J a n u a r y 1969 and the opening of the D S t r e e t subway. Some i n d i v i d u a l t a s k s have been defined i n more d e t a i l by two or m o r e " a c t i v i t i e s " . Some groups of a c t i v i t i e s a r e applicable to s e v e r a l or a l l t a s k s i n the s a m e s e c t i o n . T h e y w i l l be d i s c u s s e d at the end of each s e c t i o n . T h e following i s a l i s t of sections w i t h t a s k s r e l a t e d to each. W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , a b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n of the task i s given. D u r a t i o n t i m e s of t a s k s (indicated by h o r i z o n t a l l i n e s ) and i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s between t a s k s (indicated by v e r t i c a l l i n e s ) a r e shown i n F i g u r e 4 i n the back of this r e p o r t . SECTION ONE - BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-'' B u i l d i n g construction and i t s c l o s e r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h t i m e i s fundamental for the a c t i v i t i e s i n the a r e a . It i s the t i m e table of development on w h i c h a l l t a s k s a r e dependent. TASKS 1. 1 F o r r e s t a l B u i l d i n g - Under c o n s t r u c t i o n . M a r c h 1969. E s t i m a t e d completion: 1.2 N a s s i f B u i l d i n g - Under c o n s t r u c t i o n . 1969. 1.3 Group H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , I n c . - Under c o n s t r u c t i o n . t i o n : D e c e m b e r 1969. 1.4 M a r f a i r - S t a r t c o n s t r u c t i o n : J u n e 1969. 1. 5 L ' E n f a n t P l a z a W e s t - S t a r t c o n s t r u c t i o n : February 1969. completion: 19 7 1 . E s t i m a t e d completion: S u m m e r Completion: 1/ See F r o n t i s p i e c e for building Estimated comple- location r e f e r e n c e . 1970. Estimated �1.6 L ' E n f a n t P l a z a E a s t - S t a r t construction: N o v e m b e r 1969. pletion: 1972. Com- 1. 7 Development on Square 463 - S t a r t c o n s t r u c t i o n : J a n u a r y 1970. Completion: 1 9 7 1 . 1.8 Development on Square 537 - S t a r t construction: E a r l y 1970. Completion: 1 9 7 1 . 1.9 Pepco Substation - S t a r t construction: 1970. Completion: 1 9 7 1 . 1. 10 South P o r t a l (Square 577) - S t a r t construction: 1 9 7 1 . 1973. 1.11 N o r t h P o r t a l (Square 267-268) - S t a r t construction: 1 9 7 1 . tion: 1973. T h i s t a s k m u s t be coordinated w i t h T a s k 8. 5. 1.12 P o r t a l Site (Square 269 and 2 9 9 ) - S t a r t c o n s t r u c t i o n : 1971. Completion; 1974. 1.13 D . G . S . Office (Square 493) - S t a r t construction: 1972. 1974. 1. 14 C o m m u n i t y (Square 582) - S t a r t construction: 1972. 1974. 1.15 C o m m u n i t y (Square 640) - S t a r t constru ction: 1972. 1974. 1.16 T e r m i n a l Office - S t a r t construction: 1972. Completion: Comple- Completion: Completion: Completion Completion: 1974. ACTIVITIES T h e following a c t i v i t i e s a r e d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d w i t h the c o n s t r u c t i o n of most buildings. 1. 0. 1 R e v i e w of the number of p a r k i n g s p a c e s . F o r each building not yet approved, the number of planned p a r k i n g s p a c e s should be checked against the recommendations of the "Southwest E m p l o y ment A r e a Study", December 1968. �-3- 1 . 0. 2 R e v i e w of location and number of d r i v e w a y s - T h i s a c t i v i t y i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to a c t i v i t y 1.0. 1 . A l s o included i n t h i s task should be a r e v i e w of p a s s e n g e r drop-off and p i c k - u p l o c a tions and bus loading and unloading points. 1. 0. 3 L o c a t i o n of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n center - I n the design stage of each building the location of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n center should be e s t a b l i s h e d . 1 . 0. 4 Employee work trip characteristics survey (pre-move) - Survey giving i n f o r m a t i o n about w o r k t r i p c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s before the move to the new building. Data should be u s e d as one of the inputs to t a s k s 2. 1, 2. 2, 5. 2 and 7. 2. 1 . 0. 5 P r o v i s i o n a n d / o r i m p r o v e m e n t of s i d e w a l k s - B e f o r e a new building i s completed, new s i d e w a l k s should be constructed a n d / o r e x i s t i n g s i d e w a l k s should be i m p r o v e d w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . 1 . 0. 6 E m p l o y e e w o r k t r i p c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s u r v e y ( p o s t - m o v e ) - S u r v e y of w o r k t r i p c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s after an agency has moved i n to the new b u i l d ing. R e s u l t s should be used to adjust g e n e r a l plans developed i n T a s k s 2. 1, 2. 2 and 5. 2. A c h a r t with these a c t i v i t i e s i s shown i n F i g u r e 1. �BUILDING BUILDING AFTER DESIGN CONSTRUCTION OCCUPANCY STAGE STAGE ACTIVITY 1. 0. 1 REVIEW OF THE NUMBER OF PARKING SPACES 1.0.1 1. 0. 2 R E V I E W O F L O C A T I O N AND N U M B E R O F DRIVEWAYS 1.0.2 1. 0. 3 LOCATION OF TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION C E N T E R OF 1.0.3 1. 0. 4 E M P L O Y E E WORK TRIP CHARACTERISTICS SURVEY (PRE-MOVE) 1.0. 5 r PROVISION AND/OR I M P R O V E M E N T O F SIDEWALKS 1.0.6 TASK E M P L O Y E E WORK T R I P CHARACTERISTICS SURVEY (POST-MOVE) FIGURE 1 1.0.4 ACTIVITIES RELATED TO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1.0.5 1.0.6 BUILDING �SECTION TWO - P U B L I C TRANSPORTATION (BUS) T h i s section deals with the t a s k s r e l a t e d to bus s e r v i c e . TASKS 2.1 Additional bus s e r v i c e - T h i s t a s k i n v o l v e s planning a s w e l l a s implementation of additional bus s e r v i c e as r e c o m m e n d e d i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a S t u d y , " D e c e m b e r 1968. A g e n e r a l bus route plan for the a r e a such as r e c o m m e n d e d i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study" should be adopted i n the beginning of t h i s t a s k . I t m a y have to be adjusted upon completion of i n d i v i d u a l buildings. I n f o r m a t i o n developed f r o m a c t i v i t i e s 1. 0. 4 and 1 . 0. 6 should be used a s one of the inputs for the planning of additional s e r v i c e for new buildings. T a s k 2. 1 w i l l s e r v e as an input to T a s k 2. 4. 2. 2 R e r o u t i n g upon completion of new buildings - I n v o l v e s planning and implementation of routing and r e r o u t i n g of bus l i n e s i n c o n nection w i t h T a s k 2. 1 . Continuous t a s k . 2. 3 P r o m o t i o n of bus t r a n s p o r t a t i o n - P l a n n i n g , implementation and operation of t r a n s i t i n f o r m a t i o n c e n t e r s . P r o m o t i o n of bus r i d e r ship. Continuous t a s k . 2. 4 P r o v i s i o n of bus s h e l t e r s - Development of g e n e r a l plans and p o l i c i e s f o r location of bus s h e l t e r s i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . Implementation i n connection w i t h T a s k s 2. 1 and 2. 2. 2. 5 B u s t e r m i n a l at D S t r e e t between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s - T h i s t a s k i n v o l v e s the planning, d e c i s i o n m a k i n g and implementation of this m a j o r loading a r e a . 2. 6 Loading a r e a at D S t r e e t between 12th and 14th S t r e e t s - P l a n n i n g and implementation as r e c o m m e n d e d i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a S t u d y , " D e c e m b e r 1968. 2. 7 Loading a r e a at C S t r e e t between 7th and 9th S t r e e t s - P l a n n i n g and implementation a s r e c o m m e n d e d i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a S t u d y , " D e c e m b e r 1968. 2. 8 Loading a r e a i n the a r e a around the F . B . I . B u i l d i n g - P l a n n i n g and implementation of loading a r e a s at C S t r e e t , 2nd S t r e e t and V i r g i n i a Avenue a s r e c o m m e n d e d i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, " D e c e m b e r 1968. �ACTIVITIES 2. 0. 1 R e m o v a l of o n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g - I m p l e m e n t a t i o n of T a s k s 2. 6 through 2. 8 i s only possible a f t e r this a c t i v i t y has been completed. 2. 0. 2 A d j u s t m e n t of bus routes - B u s routes have to be adjusted upon completion of each bus loading a r e a . 2. 0. 3 A d j u s t m e n t of public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n - Schedules and m a p s of bus routes have to be changed and employees have to be i n f o r m e d of new schedules and r o u t i n g s . A c h a r t w i t h these a c t i v i t i e s i s shown i n F i g u r e 2. SECTION T H R E E - PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION (METRO) T h i s s e c t i o n deals with t a s k s r e l a t e d to the planning, c o n s t r u c t i o n and implementation of the D S t r e e t subway l i n e . TASKS 3. 1 D e c i s i o n on method of subway c o n s t r u c t i o n - T h i s t a s k i s of m a j o r i m p o r t a n c e to the development of the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . T h e extent of t r a f f i c i n t e r r u p t i o n s w i l l be dependent on the method of construction chosen. A n e a r l y d e c i s i o n w i l l be needed. 3. 2 D e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t i o n of Independence Avenue Station - T h i s t a s k must be coordinated w i t h T a s k s 8. 1 and 8 . 4 . F i n a l design between J u n e 1969 and August 1970. C o n s t r u c t i o n between October 1970 and A p r i l 1972. Operation: D e c e m b e r 1973. 3. 3 D e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t i o n of L ' E n f a n t P l a z a Station - T h i s t a s k m u s t be coordinated with T a s k s 8. 2 and 8 . 4 . F i n a l design between November 1969 and November 1970. C o n s t r u c t i o n between F e b r u a r y 1971 and September 1972. Operation: D e c e m b e r 1974. 3. 4 D e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t i o n of Voice of A m e r i c a Station - T h i s t a s k m u s t be coordinated with T a s k s 8. 3 and 8. 4. Schedule the s a m e as for T a s k 3. 3. �ACTIVITY 2. 0. 1 REMOVAL OF O N - S T R E E T PARKING 2.0.1 TASK 2. 0. 2 A D J U S T M E N T O F BUS ROUTES 2.0.3 ADJUSTMENT OF PUBLIC INFORMATION FIGURE 2 TRANSPORTATION f 2.0.2 2.0.3 ACTIVITIES RELATED TO PROVISION OF BUS LOADING AREAS �-8- SECTION FOUR - S T R E E T SYSTEM T h i s section deals with f r e e w a y c o n s t r u c t i o n and the p h y s i c a l improvement of i n t e r s e c t i o n s . TASKS 4.1 I m p r o v e m e n t of i n t e r s e c t i o n of L2th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d Avenue P l a n n i n g and implementation of i m p r o v e m e n t as recommended i n "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, " D e c e m b e r 1968. 4. 2 A c c e l e r a t i o n of f r e e w a y c o n s t r u c t i o n schedule - C o n s t r u c t i o n of 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y and construction of C e n t e r L e g of I n n e r Loop F r e e w a y should be a c c e l e r a t e d i f possible to d e c r e a s e the percentage of through t r a f f i c . 4. 3 C o n s t r u c t i o n of 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y - Under c o n s t r u c t i o n . E x p e c t e d completion date: E a r l y 1970. 4. 4 C o n s t r u c t i o n of C e n t e r L e g of I n n e r Loop F r e e w a y - Under c o n s t r u c t i o n . E x p e c t e d completion date: S p r i n g 1971. 4. 5 C o n s t r u c t i o n of 14th S t r e e t u n d e r p a s s under the M a l l - P l a n n e d to s t a r t construction i n 1973. Completed 1975. �-9- SECTION F I V E - PARKING TASKS 5. 1 E s t a b l i s h m e n t of u n i f o r m p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s - T h i s task should be completed as soon as p o s s i b l e . T a s k 5. 2 i s dependent on t h i s task. 5. 2 Implementation and control of T a s k 5. 1 - Implementation of T a s k 5. 1 should begin as soon as the F o r r e s t a l B u i l d i n g i s opened. ( M a r c h 1969) Upon completion of each subsequent building, the p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s would be adjusted. Continuous t a s k . 5. 3 P r o m o t i o n of c a r pooling - P l a n n i n g , implementation and operation of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n information c e n t e r s to the extent n e c e s s a r y to m a x i m i z e c a r pooling. A continuous cask c l o s e l y connected to T a s k 2. 3. 5.4 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g i n development on Square 537 - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, December 1968. 5. 5 P a r k i n g on park land south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g #10A - P l a n n i n g and implementation of v i s i t o r s p a r k i n g as recommended i n the "Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a S t u d y , " D e c e m b e r 1968. 5. 6 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g at South P o r t a l - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, D e c e m b e r 1968. 5. 7 P l a n n i n g of p a r k i n g garage at North P o r t a l - A s recommended i n the Southwes' Employment A r e a Study, " D e c e m b e r 1968. 5. 8 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g i n D . G . S . Office - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, " D e c e m b e r i 9 6 8 . 5. 9 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g i n Community B u i l d i n g - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, D e c e m b e r 1968. 5. 10 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g i n T e r m i n a l Office B u i l d i n g - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, D e c e m b e r 1968. 5. 11 A r r a n g i n g for p a r k i n g under the M a l l - T h i s t a s k m a y be t i m e consuming and should, t h e r e f o r e , s t a r t as soon as p o s s i b l e . 5. 12 Implementation of T a s k 5. 11 - P a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s under the M a l l should be completed i n 1974. �-10- 5. 13 P l a n n i n g of v i s i t o r s p a r k i n g on Square 386 - T h i s task should b( coordinated with T a s k 2. 5. ACTIVITIES 5. 0. 1 D e c i s i o n on the need for a p a r k i n g f e a s i b i l i t y study - P a r k i n g f e a s i b i l i t y studies may be needed for T a s k s 5. 4, 5. 6, 5. 7, 5. 8 5. 9, 5. 10 and 5. 12. 5. 0. 2 Implementation of a c t i v i t y 5, 0. 1 - Depending on the d e c i s i o n made i n a c t i v i t y 5. 0. 1 p a r k i n g f e a s i b i l i t y studies w i l l or w i l l not precede T a s k s 5. 4, 5.6, 5 . 7 , 5.8, 5.9, 5. 10 and 5. 12. A c h a r t with these a c t i v i t i e s i s shown i n F i g u r e 3. SECTION SIX - T R A F F I C OPERATIONS T h i s section deals with t r a f f i c operation modifications in the a r e a . TASKS ' 6. 1 P r o v i s i o n for left t u r n f r o m 14th Street into C S t r e e t - Included in this task should be adjustment of i n t e r s e c t i o n s i g n a l i z a t i o n and c o n v e r s i o n of C Street between 13th and 14th S t r e e t s to a t w o - w a y operation. 6. 2 T r a f f i c operation modifications i n connection with r a m p s to and f r o m C e n t e r L e g of the Inner Loop - T h i s task includes the following m o d i fications: V i r g i n i a Avenue one-way westbound between 2nd and 7th S t r e e t s . D S t r e e t one-way eastbound between 2nd and 4th S t r e e t s . 2nd Street one-way southbound between D S t r e e t and V i r g i n i a Avenue. A l l o w left t u r n f r o m C S t r e e t westbound into 3 r d S t r e e t . S i g n a l i z e the 4th Street - D S t r e e t - V i r g i n i a Avenue i n t e r s e c t i o n . �ACTIVITY 5. 0. 1 D E C I S I O N ON T H E N E E D F O R A P A R K I N G F E A S I B I L I T Y STUDY 5.0.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITY 5.0.1 5.0.1 f 5.0.2 TASK FIGURE 3 ACTIVITIES RELATED TO PARKING �-12- S E C T I O N S E V E N - S T A G G E R E D W O R K HOURS TASKS 7. 1 P r o g r a m m i n g staggered w o r k h o u r s - A p r o g r a m c o v e r i n g the staggering of w o r k hours for a l l buildings i n the a r e a should be established. 7. 2 Implementation and following up of T a s k 7. 1 - Upon completion of new buildings, w o r k h o u r s of employees to be moved into the a r e a should be adjusted, s i m u l t a n e o u s l y with t h e i r move to fit the needs of the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . Continuous t a s k . SECTION EIGHT - PEDESTRIANS TASKS 8. 1 A r r a n g i n g for subway station e n t r a n c e s to A g r i c u l t u r e B u i l d i n g A s r e c o m m e n d e d i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, D e c e m b e r 1968. T h i s t a s k must be coordinated with T a s k 3. 2. 8. 2 A r r a n g i n g for subway station entrances to F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g #10A, G . S . A . and H U D B u i l d i n g s - A s r e c o m m e n d e d i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, " D e c e m b e r 1968. T h i s t a s k must be coordinated with T a s k 3. 3. 8. 3 A r r a n g i n g for subway station entrances to H E W - S , F e d e r a l B u i l d ing #8 and F . B . I . B u i l d i n g - A s recommended i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Study, D e c e m b e r 1968. T h i s t a s k must be c o ordinated with T a s k 3. 4. 8. 4 A r r a n g i n g for combination of subway station entrances w i t h p e d e s t r i a n u n d e r p a s s e s - A s recommended i n the 'Southwest E m ployment A r e a Study, " December 1968. T h i s t a s k must be c o o r d i nated with T a s k s 3. 2 to 3. 4 and 8. 1 to 8. 3. 8. 5 P e d e s t r i a n o v e r p a s s at 14th S t r e e t , south of D S t r e e t - P l a n n i n g and implementation i n connection with T a s k 1. 11. �-13- C H A P T E R TWO T A S K S AND A C T I V I T I E S C R I T I C A L T O I M P L E M E N T A T I O N A s shown i n F i g u r e 4, i n the back of this r e p o r t , many important t a s k s should be completed within the next twelve months i n o r d e r that s u c c e s s i v e t a s k s may be i n i t i a t e d . A n y delay i n these c r i t i c a l t a s k s influences s u c c e s s i v e t a s k s and r e s u l t s i n the delay of p h y s i c a l i t e m s , the delay of planning i t e m s , a n d / o r an i n t o l e r a b l e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s i t u a t i o n . F r o m F i g u r e 4 the following l i s t of c r i t i c a l t a s k s w e r e developed: TASKS 2. 1 Additional bus s e r v i c e . 2.2 R e r o u t i n g upon completion of new buildings. 2. 5 B u s t e r m i n a l at D S t r e e t between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s . 3. 1 D e c i s i o n on method of subway c o n s t r u c t i o n . 4. 1 I m p r o v e m e n t of i n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d A v e n u e . 5.1 E s t a b l i s h m e n t of u n i f o r m p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s . 5. 4 P l a n n i n g of additional p a r k i n g i n development on Square 537. 6. 1 P r o v i s i o n for left t u r n f r o m 14th S t r e e t into C S t r e e t . 7. 1 P r o g r a m m i n g staggered w o r k h o u r s . 8. 1-8.4 A r r a n g i n g for subway e n t r a n c e s to buildings. I n addition to these c r i t i c a l t a s k s a number of c r i t i c a l a c t i v i t i e s - a c t i v i t i e s that have to be completed p r i o r to t a s k s r e l a t e d to them - w e r e identified. T h e y a r e l i s t e d below. ACTIVITIES 1.0.3 L o c a t i o n of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n f o r m a t i o n center 1.0.4 Employee worktrip characteristics survey (pre-move) �-14- 1. 0. 5 P r o v i s i o n a n d / o r i m p r o v e m e n t of s i d e w a l k s . T h e s e a c t i v i t i e s a r e c r i t i c a l a s f a r as they a r e r e l a t e d to the F o r r e s t a l and N a s s i f B u i l d i n g s . 5. 0. 1 D e c i s i o n on the need for a p a r k i n g f e a s i b i l i t y study. C r i t i c a l a s f a r as r e l a t e d to T a s k 5. 4. Although the other a c t i v i t i e s a r e not c r i t i c a l at the p r e s e n t time they m a y become c r i t i c a l a s t i m e p a s s e s . E v a l u a t i o n of the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p between t a s k s r e v e a l e d , only one t a s k that should be delayed because of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o b l e m s , n a m e l y the c o n s t r u c t i o n of the 14th S t r e e t u n d e r p a s s under the M a l l ( T a s k 4. 5 ) . C o n s i d e r i n g the heavy peak hour t r a f f i c movements along Independence Avenue and 14th S t r e e t , S. W. , i t may be d e s i r a b l e to postpone c o n s t r u c tion of the u n d e r p a s s u n t i l the D S t r e e t subway line w i l l be i n operation. �-15- CHAPTER THREE CONCLUSIONS Many of the t a s k s and a c t i v i t i e s , i f they a r e to be of any r e a l v a l u e to the a r e a during the c r i t i c a l p e r i o d p r i o r to operation of the r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m , m u s t be initiated, completed and i m p l e m e n t e d i n short o r d e r . T h i s w i l l r e q u i r e a concentrated effort of manpower and money to be devoted to them. Although the r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of these t a s k s and a c t i v i t i e s r e s t s with v a r i o u s agencies, a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount of manpower w i l l be r e q u i r e d f r o m the T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and P a r k i n g Staff. A detailed manpower schedule - for the number of people a s w e l l as the s k i l l s r e q u i r e d - should be made for each t a s k and a c t i v i t y . I f manpower r e q u i r e m e n t s cannot be met within the agencies r e s p o n s i b l e for s p e c i f i c t a s k s or p a r t s of i t , other means p r o v i d i n g the manpower should be a r r a n g e d . T h e p r o g r a m for implementation as presented i n this r e p o r t should be c o n s i d e r e d as an action p r o g r a m n e c e s s a r y to m i n i m i z e o v e r a l l congestion until r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v e s the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . �l9ó9 TASK SECTION BLTILDINC J lll'F M AM J tt AS OND ,J 2 4 Ír 6 ì I 10 11 12 BUS D. G. 14 15 16 t ,J 3 , it 2. 6 , 7 u PL'Ë}LIC J 1 TRANSPORTATION METRO 2 3 4 STREET SYSTEM PARKI\G 4. I 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 4. 5 5. 3 {t 5.4 5.5 5.6 5,7 5.8 J J 5.9 5.10 5. 11 s.12 5.13 TRA FFIC OPERATIONS 6. 1 6. 2 7. J I l.ì0I t, S. OFFtcB (5Q, 493) l.t: t.ì5 2.4 2 t---2.7 ESTABLISHMENT OF UNIFORM PARKING POLICIES IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL OF TASK 5. i PROMOTION OF CAN POOLING PLANNING ADDITIONAL PARKING IN DEV ON SQUARE 537 PARKINC ON PARK LAND SOUTH OF FEDERAL BLDG #TOA PLANNING ADDITIONAL PARKING SOUTH PORTAL PLANNING OF PARKING GARAGE AT NORTH PORTAL PLANNING ADDITIONAL PARKING IN D. G. S. OFFICE PLANNING ADDITIONAL PARKING IN COMMUNITY BUILDING PLANNING ADDITIONAL PARKING IN TERMINAL OFFICE BLDG ARRANGING FOR PARKING UNDER THE MALL IMPLEMENTATION OF TASK 5.11 PLANNING OF VTSITORS' PARKING ON SQUARE 386 # -2.8u 3.ì- OF SUBWAY CONSTRUCTION OF INDEPENDENCE AVÐNUE STATION OF LIENFANT PLAZA STAI'ION OF VOICE OF AMERICA STATION ,nrroovrMENTS oF INTERSECTIoN oF rzTH sr AND MD AVE * m l.ìó- - J# i++l 2.1 PROMOTION OF BUS TRANSPORTATION PROVISION OF BUS SHELTERS I]US TI'RMINAL AT D ST BETWEEN gTH AND 1OTH STREETS LOADING ÁREA AT D ST BETWEEN 12TH AND 14TH STREETS LOADING AREA AT C ST BETWEEN ?TH AND gTH STREETS LOADING AREA IN THE AREA AROUND TI{E FBI BUILDING DECISION ON METHOD DESIGN ANÐ CONSTR. DESIGN AND CONSTR. DESIGN AND CONSTR. _ -ì..l4- ADDITIONAL AUS SERVICI' REROU'I'IN(I UPON COMPLETION OF NEW BUILDINGS lnterrelot¡onship - ,.--1.9- -1.ó- lmplementot¡on Plonn¡ng t.i 3.3 3.4 : T-T-- 4.1 4.3 -1.2t 4.4 -4.55..| i=----T_l 5.3 PROVISION FON LEFT TURN FROM 14TH STREET INTO C STREET TRAFFIC OPERATION MODIFICATIO¡S IN CONNECTION WITH 5.4ru 55., _5.ó 5.7- 5.8-------, 5.9---- .llu 'ì0u _5. -ó.ìu t2 6.2u PROGNAMMING STAGGERED WORK HOURS IMPLEMENTATION AND FOLLOWING UP OF TASK 7.1 HOURS PEDESTRIANS B. 2'¡ å:iì 8.5 FO& SUBWAY STATION ENTR TO AGR BLDG FOR SUBWAY ST ENTR TO F'B#104, G.S.A. AND HUD FOR SUBWAY ST ENTR TO HEW-S, FB#8 AND FBI BLDGS FOR COMB SUBW ST ENTR WITH PED UNDERPASSES PEDESTRIAN OVERPASS AT 14TH STREET SOUT¡I OF D STREET ARRANGING ARRANGING ARRANGING ARRANGING 8 L 8 8. _8.5rr-------JFMAM FIGURE rlllllrllrr ì.7 NAMPS TO AND FROM CENTER LEG OF THE INNER LOOP STAGGERED WORK t97 a - r - _ ACCELERATION OF FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE CONSTRUCTION OF gTH STREET EXPRESSWAY CONSTR OF CENTER LEG OF INNER LOOP FREEWAY CONSTRUCTION OF 14TH ST UNDERPASS UNDER THE MALL 1 ir. I 1.4 COMMUNITY (SQ.582) COMMUNITY (SQ. 640) TERMINAL OFFICE ;J , 2. I NORTII PORTAL (SQ. 267_268) PORTAL SITE (SQ. 269-299) 13 PUBLIC- rllllllrrrr 1973 IEGEND NASSIF BUILDING GROUP EOSPITALIZATION, INC. MAR FAIR LIENFANT PLAZA WEST LIENF'ANT PLAZA EAST DEVELOPMENT ON SQUANE 463 DEVELOPMENT ON SQUARE 53? PEPCO SUB.STATION SOUTH PORTAL (SQ.5??) 3 TRANSPORTATION 1972 FORRESTAL BUILDING 1 CONSTRUCTION l97t 1970 1 A PR,OGR,AM FOR IMPLEMENTATION C-iü,",l te^\t *\*f \j ttt JJ A SON l9ó9 tt¡tlrtrrrr I D r970 l97t 1972 1973 r9r a �A L A N M. VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES, INC. staff contributiong to the p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s repo Robert L . M o r r i s - V i c e - P r e s i d e n t Dan W. Hoyt - S e n i o r T r a f f i c E n g i n e e r Kees Nije- Traffic Engineer � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southwest employment area : a program implementation Subject The topic of the resource Washington (D.C.)--Transit systems Local transit--Washington (D.C.) Automobile parking--Washington (D.C.) Description An account of the resource Report was made to analyze the tasks recommended for completion between January 1969 and the opening of the D Street Subway, to put them in a time frame, to study their interrelationships and to determine which tasks are critical. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alan M. Voorhees & Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 1969 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Southwest Employment Area Transportation Committee Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/9cfbffe572a3928fff7a775bdcddf019.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=h8JjFOOQ4HIpupe4QVQJ9dzMnWwK0v6xsmw0S5QkCxK1Xuext8UXOgEl8lhLffCZlIR9rcAkV57-qLxXg8a4X4oFUk4icWFp%7EKH23ECyb7xA67sHj83phfZMmjw03WjnU5Ld7PJyRnoFfRVpw89nF1GGVkAYaVdii-iy0fszjonxNSQJ2A7tIVDdLl3pTyXEXsA8YusEmQVljXYGiWdN1wC8aiLNugUiucCK%7EpnWqRwCb9pL9zdLHSQuVdvC6VdNf3waQvLLfrlQcE95Bz8cXQiM2jyz1gEuHfyG5Wwcxv3EKHxUrOMCyJx7B42H%7E%7EzQkAjojkhHWhn6CnqWL1rJyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM be27a7b4d2498c2e8943d20e9cc5beef PDF Text Text M A R K E T ANALYSIS and ECONOMIC IMPACT S T U D Y on T h e Understructure Site of the Southeast Freeway Washington, D.C. prepared for the Afro-American Bicentennial Corp by Roy Littlejohn Associates, Inc. �800 PEACHTREE SUITE 1346 ATLANTA, GEORGIA (404) November 2 9 , 1974 ST., N.E. 604 30308 874-3815 (215) Mr. V i n c e n t A. d e F o r e s t President Afro-American B i c e n t e n n i a l Corporation 1420 N. S t r e e t , N.W., S u i t e 1 0 1 W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20005 D e a r Mr. N. B R O A D ST. P H I L A D E L P H I A , PA. deForest: Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s i s p l e a s e d t o p r e s e n t i t s r e p o r t d e a l i n g w i t h a m a r k e t a n a l y s i s and e c o n o m i c impact s t u d y o f t h e under s t r u c t u r e s i t e o f t h e S o u t h e a s t Freeway o v e r S e v e n t h and E i g h t h S t r e e t s , i n Southeast Washington. We b e l i e v e t h a t t h i s document f u l l y r e s p o n d s t o t h e t a s k o u t l i n e d i n o u r S t a t e m e n t o f Work a n d we hope t h a t o u r f i n d i n g s , c o n c l u s i o n s a n d r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s w i l l f a c i l i t a t e t h e development o f a s u c c e s s f u l p r o j e c t . We t h a n k y o u f o r y o u r h e l p and c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n t h i s matter. I f we c a n be o f f u r t h e r a s s i s t a n c e t o y o u , please contact us. Sincerely, Roy L i t t l e j o h n President 978-6086 1912 �MARKET ANALYSIS AND ECONOMIC IMPACT STUDY on THE UNDERSTRUCTURE S I T E OF THE SOUTHEAST FREEWAY OVER SEVENTH AND EIGHTH S T R E E T S , SOUTHEAST, WASHINGTON, DC. By ROY L I T T L E J O H N A S S O C I A T E S , INC, Prepared f o r Afro-American B i c e n t e n n i a l Corporation F o r m a l A g r e e m e n t HT 7 30 5 �CONTENTS ( Page Letter of Transmittal — Preface E x e c u t i v e Summary I. Summary o f F i n d i n g s , C o n c l u s i o n s and Recommendations i - v i 2 A. I n t r o d u c t i o n 2 B. M a j o r F i n d i n g s and C o n c l u s i o n s II. III. '3 Background I n f o r m a t i o n 8 A. P u r p o s e o f t h e R e p o r t , B. T h e P r o j e c t and P r e v i u s Work The S i t e 3 g 12 1. E x i s t i n g and Proposed S u r r o u n d i n g Uses a. b. c. d. e. The 8 t h S t r e e t C o r r i d o r The M a r i n e B a r r a c k s The Navy Y a r d P u b l i c Housing Development a t Potomac a n d P e n n s y l v a n i a A v e n u e , S.E. f . V i r g i n i a Avenue P l a y g r o u n d g. V a c a n t C o n t i g u o u s S i t e s h. M e t r o S t a t i o n s a n d T r a f f i c 1 2 15 19 jQ 21 22 23 2. T r a f f i c P a t t e r n s 23 3. Community P r o f i l e 24 a. Community Groups b. E c o n o m i c P r o f i l e c. F u n d a m e n t a l IV 24 28 29 Issues P o s s i b l e Uses f o r t h e S i t e 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Day C a r e Education Recreation Commercial Parking 32 35 37 38 44 45 �The R e t a i l M a r k e t at the S i t e • 47 < 1. The T r a d e A r e a 47 2. T r a d e A r e a C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and B u y i n g Power 49 3. C o m p e t i t i o n W i t h i n t h e T r a d i n g A r e a 56. 4. P r o s p e c t s f o r F u t u r e G r o w t h 59 Proposed Development a t the S i t e 64 1. P r o j e c t D e s c r i p t i o n 2. E x p l a n a t i o n o f C a p i t a l Development C o s t s 3. R e n t R e q u i r e m e n t s and Maximum F e a s i b l e Development B u d g e t 4. A s s e s s m e n t o f C o m m e r c i a l V i a b i l i t y 5. E c o n o m i c I m p a c t on t h e L o c a l Community 64 68 Commercial 1 70 73 75 �TABLES E s t i m a t e d B u y i n g Income o f R e s i d e n t s of< Market Area D i s t r i b u t i o n of R e t a i l Sales i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia, S e l e c t e d Years 8th S t r e e t Commercial C o r r i d o r : E s t i m a t e d T o t a l S a l e s o f E s t a b l i s h m e n t s and E s t i m a t e d S a l e s to R e s i d e n t s i n Market Areas Population P r o j e c t i o n s 1976 and 1992 H o u s e h o l d P r o j e c t i o n s 1976 a n d 1992 E s t i m a t e d Development Cost o f t h e Proposed C o m m e r c i a l Development O p e r a t i n g R e s u l t s o f Neighborhood Shopping Center APPENDICES 8th S t r e e t Commercial Survey I n t e r v i e w Schedule f o r Community O r g a n i z a t i o n s Tables: I II III IV V Summary o f G e n e r a l P o p u l a t i o n by C e n s u s T r a c t Summary o f t h e L e n g t h o f R e s i d e n c y i n t h e C e n s u s T r a c t s 1960 a n d 1970 Summary o f M a r i t a l S t a t u s and H o u s e h o l d C o m p o s i t i o n i n t h e M a r k e t A r e a 19 70 H o u s i n g a n d V a l u e o f H o u s i n g 1960 a n d 1970 E s t i m a t e d S a l e s o f Commercial E s t a b l i s h m e n t s on 8 t h S t r e e t , S.E. �DRAWINGS S i t e L o c a t i o n Map (1) 48 S k e t c h Looking South from " I " S t r e e t 66 Diagram o f Lower L e v e l - P a r k i n g Garage 67 D i a g r a m o f Upper L e v e l - C o m m e r c i a l A r e a s 68 �PREFACE T h i s market a n a l y s i s and e c o n o m i c i m p a c t study o f t h e optimum d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e s i t e of the Southeast Freeway o v e r S e v e n t h and E i g h t h S t r e e t s , S o u t h e a s t W a s h i n g t o n , t o o k p l a c e o v e r a two month p e r i o d . M a j o r s o u r c e s o f i n f o r m a t i o n and c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n were developed and from v a r i o u s c i t y and half data from census t r a c t from i n t e r v i e w s w i t h a c r o s s - s e c t i o n o f i n t h e community and The and one data individuals federal agencies a n a l y s i s o f t h i s d a t a and t h e p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e r e p o r t was undertaken the f o l l o w i n g and c o m p l e t e d i n substantial part (Director) s t u d y team w i s h e s t o a c k n o w l e d g e t h e s u p p o r t g u i d a n c e p r o v i d e d by t h e A f r o - A m e r i c a n tion, particularly Without this difficult imposed. by persons: H a r r i s o n Wehner, Ph.D. Edward Smith-Green Mary P e t e r s e n Diane Rafuse F e l i x Drury J u d i t h Vaughan The final t h o s e e f f o r t s o f Mr. Bicentennial and Corpora Vincent deForest. a s - s i s t a n c e , i t w o u l d h a v e been e x c e e d i n g l y to accomplish our t a s k w i t h i n the time restraints �E X E U C T I V E SUMMARY The feasibility purpose of t h i s 8 t h S t s . and T h i s a n a l y s i s was f o r commercial neighborhoods to determine p r e f e r e n c e s , by a r e v i e w o f a v a i l a b l e and m a r k e t i n g retail " I " S t . , S.W. Freeway c a r r i e d o u t f i r s t by an e x t e n s i v e survey of the surrounding n e e d s and the o f u s i n g the space below the S o u t h e a s t b e t w e e n 7 t h and use. r e p o r t i s to determine data to determine p o t e n t i a l of the s i t e , p l a n n i n g a n a l y s i s of the space t h e n a t u r e and and community demographic strength of the l a s t l y by an a r c h i t e c t u r a l a v a i l a b l e f o r development a t and this site. This site i s l o c a t e d i n an a r e a w h i c h experienced population a t t r i t i o n ioration. and i n past years general physical deter- T h i s t r e n d seems t o h a v e r e a c h e d i t s limits there are clear indications that a general r e v i v a l may soon o c c u r . has To t h e n o r t h o f t h e s i t e and of the area t h e r e has been t h e steady progression of the C a p i t o l H i l l r e s t o r a t i o n effort. Contiguous to the s i t e important and as w e l l as to the south a r e l o n g - s t a n d i n g M a r i n e and Navy f a c i l i t i e s B a r r a c k s and W a s h i n g t o n Navy Y a r d ) w h i c h surrounding modernized. community. add (U.S. Marine stability to the These f a c i l i t i e s a r e b e i n g expanded A l s o to the south i s a large public housing and �Moreover, our soundings t h a t t h e f e a r o f crime as w e l l existing o f t h e l o c a l community reveal a s t h e g e n e r a l low q u a l i t y o f commercial a c t i v i t y a l o n g 8 t h S t . between P e n n s y l v a n i a and " I " S t . ( s e e Map 1 ) d i s c o u r a g e s many l o c a l r e s i d e n t s shopping locally from f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s which a r e items normally purchased w i t h i n walking distance of residences. I n s t e a d , many l o c a l residents are travelling o u t s i d e o f t h e community t o make t h e s e p u r c h a s e s . facility A commercial a t t h e s i t e must be p l a n n e d i n s u c h a way t h a t local residents f e e l safe i n using i t . I n any e v e n t , i t may be difficult facility t o develop a commercial a t the s i t e which depends upon e x t e n s i v e n i g h t - t i m e u s e . S a m p l i n g o f community o p t i o n s r e v e a l e d t h a t a trade f a c i l i t y , e s p e c i a l l y a f o o d s t o r e , was needed and w o u l d be p a t r o n i z e d by r e s i d e n c e s . The r e s p o n s e s were mixed f o r other p o s s i b l e uses o f the s i t e center. such a s a day c a r e o f e d u c a t i o n T h e s e u s e s , h o w e v e r , c o u l d g e n e r a l l y n o t be s u p p o r t e d on a c o m m e r c i a l b a s i s . Several p a r t i c u l a r l y promising recrea- t i o n uses were proposed, such as a bowling a l l e y , court, i c e rink, or r o l l e r rink. as retail indoor t e n n i s Other r e c r e a t i o n a l uses, such swimming p o o l a n d gymnasium, w e r e r u l e d o u t on t h e b a s i s o f c o s t and a v a i l a b i l i t y of these f a c i l i t i e s Unfortunately, the spatial out bowling. nearby. limitations of the s i t e rule R o l l e r s k a t i n g does n o t a p p e a r t o h a v e s t r o n g market p o t e n t i a l f r o m a l l r e s i d e n t s o f t h e community a n d s u c h a f a c i l i t y would have r e l a t i v e l y h i g h development c o s t s a t �the s i t e . high Severe p h y s i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s and f e e s w h i c h c o u l d o n l y be p a i d by p a r t o f t h e a l s o e l i m i n a t e d indoor options. The retail t e n n i s and and preferences t h e s i t e was realistic possibilities. market a n a l y s i s of the r e t a i l b a s e d on a primary the ten-minute walking sampling t h a t development f o r t r a d e o f f e r e d t h e most p r o m i s i n g Our trade p o t e n t i a l of t r a d i n g area c o n s i s t i n g of r a d i u s from the s i t e . This definition d e s i g n e d t o m e a s u r e m a r k e t demand o f t h e local residences f o r convenience items and personal a r e a e n c o m p a s s e d C e n s u s T r a c t 70, estimated is i c e s k a t i n g as charge community g e n e r a l c o n c l u s i o n emerged f r o m o u r o f community o p i n i o n was t h e need t o personal 71 and 72 Basically, ( s e e Map t o be establishments spent annually We along f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods stimate t h a t the e x i s t i n g 8 t h S t r e e t meet no more t h a n s e r v i c e items. Therefore, our retail trade f a c i l i t y personal B a s e d on $2.7 l a y o u t and million and f o r c a p t u r e by i n sale of a convenience services. t h i s g e n e r a l c o n c l u s i o n , we a r c h i t e c t u r a l and general specializing and c a l c u l a t i o n s suggest a s i z a b l e s u r p l u s b u y i n g income a v a i l a b l e goods and The commercial o f t h e e f f e c t i v e m a r k e t demand f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods local 1). $26-27 m i l l i o n o f w h i c h some $8 m i l l i o n i s services. personal the b u y i n g income o f a l l h o u s e h o l d s i n t h e t r a d i n g a r e a approximately estimated services. planning c a r r i e d out a n a l y s i s of the s i t e to d e r i v e a c a p i t a l budget f o r the development of neighborhood shopping f a c i l i t y . iv The an proposed f a c i l i t y a would �c o n t a i n some 43,000 s q . f t . o f g r o s s space designed merchandising l e a s a b l e commercial t o accommodate a f o o d s t o r e and and s p e c i a l t y shops. w e r e e s t i m a t e d a t $30 per mil. Construction Given cost f o r the this capital t h a t annual rental r a t e s w i l l h a v e t o be on i f the facility average, costs sq. f t . , e x c l u s i v e of d e l i v e r y s t o r a g e a r e a s , g i v i n g an o v e r a l l s t r u c t u r e o f $1.3 general and commercial c o s t , we estimate i n the range of i s to a t t r a c t private $5.20 investment funds. Our study of the proposed s i t e a l s o i n d i c a t e s . t h a t a p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y would g r e a t l y enhance the v i a b i l i t y o f retail trade f a c i l i t y . M o r e o v e r , t h e Navy and M a r i n e b a s e h a v e n e e d f o r a d d i t i o n a l p a r k i n g and p o s s i b l e to coordinate The g r o u n d and in parking a j o i n t use o f t h i s p a r k i n g c o s t t o accommodate 190 the o r d e r o f $700,000. bile n e e d e d t o make t h i s a b o u t $40 i t m i g h t t h e r e f o r e be f a c i l i t y w o u l d h a v e t o be b u i l t the c a p i t a l p e r month. The monthly p a r k i n g fee per facility financially t h e M a r i n e , Navy and c o u l d make t h e s t r u c t u r e automo- v i a b l e would local be h a s b e e n a p r o b l e m and site. merchants u s e d on an ad hoc ment g e n e r a l l y by t h e M a r i n e s and Navy f o r p a r k i n g . site, be feasible. the s i t e i s being The under- T h i s i s a d m i t t e d l y h i g h compared w i t h However, j o i n t use by t h e community. facility. c a r s would going p a r k i n g r a t e s i n the g e n e r a l v i c i n i t y of the Currently the t h e s i t e i s g e n e r a l l y an eye arrangeVandalism sore for D i s t r i c t of Columbia, which c o n t r o l s the c u r r e n t l y does n o t e a r n t a x r e v e n u e s from the s i t e . The �p r o p o s e d u s e o f t h e s i t e , e x p l a i n e d i n more d e t a i l i n the f o l - o w i n g c h a p t e r s , would g r e a t l y enhance t h e p h y s i c a l q u a l i t y o f t h e community revenues estimated and w o u l d e a r n s u b s t a n t i a l t a x f o r the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. a t a b o u t $47,000 annually. vi Such revenues a r e �CHAPTER I SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction T h i s s t u d y was u n d e r t a k e n Afro-American B i c e n t e n n i a l C o r p o r a t i o n , t o s t u d y and d e t e r m i n e the p o t e n t i a l i t i e s site under a s u b c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e f o r optimum d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e o f t h e Southeast Freeway over Seventh Southeast Washington. More s p e c i f i c a l l y , and E i g h t h S t r e e t s , a principal objective o f t h e s t u d y was t o p r o v i d e a d d i t i o n a l s e r v i c e s t o c o n d u c t a market a n a l y s i s and economic impact for study o f t h e proposed t h e purpose o f determining t h e f e a s i b i l i t y for a site commercial concept. T h i s s t u d y was u n d e r t a k e n o f two a n d one h a l f months. and completed w i t h i n a p e r i o d I n carrying out this assignment t h e s t u d y team, composed o f s i x p e r s o n s , headed by D r . H a r r i s o n W e h r n e r , a Ph.D. i n E c o n o m i c s , r e v i e w e d p r i o r work t h a t h a d b e e n c o m p l e t e d by t h e A f r o - A m e r i c a n Bicentennial a n a l y z e d d a t a from t h e Census B u r e a u , Corporation, undertook e x t e n s i v e s u r v e y s o f community a c t i v i t i e s , b u s i n e s s e s and f a c i l i t i e s , a n a l y z e d o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n and d a t a r e g a r d i n g t h i s prepared In m a t t e r and a final report. a d d i t i o n t o t h e above, a c t i o n s were undertaken t o a s c e r t a i n b a s i c a n d s u p p o r t i v e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e community surrounding t h e s i t e and t h e developmental process ongoing �i n the area. The f i n d i n g s of t h i s e x t e n s i v e e f f o r t d e t a i l e d i n the chapters necessary, overview t h a t are to f o l l o w . h o w e v e r , f o r t h e r e a d e r t o be o f our document o u r report i n i t i a l l y , f i n d i n g s and Major F i n d i n g s and While our We believe i t able to obtain so t h a t a s he conclusions are c a n be reads an the k e p t i n mind. Conclusions f i n d i n g s and c o n c l u s i o n s w i l l be elaborated i n subsequent s e c t i o n s of t h i s r e p o r t , our major f i n d i n g s a r e as f o l l o w s : • T h a t t h e r e i s s u b s t a n t i a l i n t e r e s t i n and involvement w i t h the development of the understructure site. S u c h i n t e r e s t e d and i n v o l v e d p a r t i e s i n c l u d e t h e r e s i d e n t home o w n e r s and r e n t e r s i n the area, r e a l e s t a t e developers, b u s i n e s s m e n , t h e m i l i t a r y , t h e D.C. Government and t h e F e d e r a l Highway A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . • That t h e r e i s g e n e r a l concensus t h a t the s i t e d e v e l o p m e n t m u s t , t o t h e maximum e x t e n t p o s s i b l e , s e r v e t h e needs o f t h e e n t i r e community. 9> T h a t t h e r e a r e t h r e e d i s t i n c t y e t r e l a t e d c o m m u n i t i e s whose n e e d s must be c o n s i d e r e d i n the development of the s i t e : the l e s s a f f l u e n t p u b l i c housing r e s i d e n t s south of the Freeway; t h e a f f l u e n t p o p u l a t i o n on C a p i t o l H i l l , n o r t h o f t h e F r e e w a y , and t h e m i l i t a r y l o c a t e d a t t h e Navy Y a r d and t h e M a r i n e C o r p s b a r r a c k s . • That through the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of a q u e s t i o n n a i r e by t h e A f r o - A m e r i c a n B i c e n t e n n i a l C o r p o r a t i o n , t h e communities expressed a p r e f e r e n c e t h a t the s i t e s h o u l d be d e v e l o p e d f o r e i t h e r r e c r e a t i o n a l , commercial or educational purposes. • T h a t t h r o u g h a q u e s t i o n n a i r e a d m i n i s t e r e d by Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s t o community o r g a n i z a t i o n s , i t was i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e community n e e d e d , �4. w o u l d u s e and w o u l d pay f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of the s i t e a c c o r d i n g to t h e f o l l o w i n g priority: 1. 2. 3. 4. Commercial Recreational Day C a r e Education T h a t t h e r e i s s u b s t a n t i a l development c u r r e n t l y underway i n t h e community and t h a t o t h e r d e v e l o p ment i s c o n t e m p l a t e d o r p l a n n e d w h i c h w i l l enhance t h e development o f t h e s i t e . That i t i s u n f e a s i b l e to develop the s i t e f o r r e c r e a t i o n a l purposes absent s u b s t a n t i a l f e d e r a l or c i t y funds because o f p h y s i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s o f t h e s i t e , c o n f l i c t i n g community i n t e r e s t s , h i g h c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s and l i m i t e d income p r o d u c i n g potential. That i t i s u n f e a s i b l e to develop the s i t e f o r e d u c a t i o n a l purposes absent s u b s t a n t i a l c i t y or f e d e r a l f u n d s b e c a u s e o f c o n f l i c t i n g community i n t e r e s t s , high construction costs, l i m i t e d income p r o d u c i n g p o t e n t i a l and a v a i l a b i l i t y o f f r e e a l t e r n a t i v e programs. That i t i s u n f e a s i b l e to develop the s i t e f o r day c a r e p u r p o s e s b e c a u s e o f t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f s u c h s e r v i c e s a t low c o s t i n t h e community, h i g h c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s and l i m i t e d incomeproducing p o t e n t i a l of the proposed use. That i t i s f e a s i b l e to develop the s i t e f o r commercial use a b s e n t the i n f u s i o n o f s u b s t a n t i a l f e d e r a l o r c i t y funds. S a i d commercial use must c o n t a i n s h o p p i n g a r e a o f no l e s s t h a n 42,700 s q . f t . o f s p a c e w h i c h s h o u l d i n c l u d e a major r e t a i l o u t l e t such as a supermarket or drug s t o r e , t o g e t h e r w i t h o t h e r g e n e r a l merchand i s e , ' s p e c i a l t y and s p e c i a l s e r v i c e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s I n a d d i t i o n , a p a r k i n g garage c o n t a i n i n g space f o r no f e w e r t h a n 190 c a r s s h o u l d be c o n s t r u c t e d . Our c o n c l u s i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f t h e above commercial development i s b a s e d on t h e following: �A l l s e g m e n t s o f t h e community a g r e e t h a t t h e y n e e d , w o u l d u s e and w o u l d s u p p o r t s u c h d e v e l o p ment. The p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a o f s u c h a d e v e l o p m e n t had a t o t a l p o p u l a t i o n o f 11,687 p e r s o n s i n 1970. The t o t a l income f o r t h e p r i m a r y t r a d e a r e a was a p p r o x i m a t e l y $ 3 1 m i l . i n 1972 and t h e e s t i m a t e d b u y i n g income was a p p r o x i m a t e l y $27 m i l . I n a d d i t i o n t o b u y i n g income g e n e r a t e d by r e s i d e n t s of the t r a d i n g a r e a , t h e r e are approxi m a t e l y 6,000 p e r s o n s who w o r k w e e k d a y s a t t h e W a s h i n g t o n Navy Y a r d and M a r i n e b a r r a c k s . A v e r a g e income o f t h e s e e m p l o y e e s was $10,000 i n 1972, g i v i n g a t o t a l income o f $60 m i l . and e s t i m a t e d b u y i n g income o f $41.6 m i l . However, o n l y a p p r o x i m a t e l y $300,000 a n n u a l l y w i l l be s p e n t by t h i s group o f p e r s o n s . Of t h e e s t i m a t e d $27 m i l . b u y i n g income o f t h e a r e a r e s i d e n t s , r o u g h l y $8 m i l . ( 3 0 % ) c o u l d be c a p t u r e d by b u s i n e s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o p e r a t i n g i n the primary t r a d i n g a r e a . Of t h e $8 m i l . a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e p u r c h a s e o f c o n v e n i e n c e goods, l o c a l v e n d o r s r e p o r t s a l e s o f $2.7 m i l . T h u s , t h e s e d a t a s u g g e s t t h a t many r e s i d e n t s a r e going out o f t h e i r l o c a l neighborhoods t o p u r c h a s e c o n v e n i e n c e i t e m s and t h a t there i s consequently a s u b s t a n t i a l p o t e n t i a l market f o r these items w i t h i n the primary t r a d e area. The t o t a l d e v e l o p m e n t c o s t o f s a i d p r o j e c t w o u l d be $ 2 , 0 0 4 , 9 0 0 , o f w h i c h $1,320,900 w o u l d be f o r t h e c o m m e r c i a l s t r u c t u r e s and r e l a t e d a r e a s and $684,000 w o u l d be f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e parking structure. Assuming a t o t a l c a p i t a l development c o s t of $2 m i l . and t h a t e q u i t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n w i l l be 20% o f t o t a l c o s t w i t h t h e b a l a n c e f i n a n c e d by l o n g t e r m m o r t g a g e , d e b t s e r v i c e ( p r i n c i p a l and i n t e r e s t ) needed t o a m o r t i z e t h e c a p i t a l d e v e l o p ment c o s t o f t h e p r o j e c t f a c i l i t y b a s e d on a 25 y e a r m o r t g a g e a t 10% w o u l d be $ 1 7 6 , 7 0 1 a n n u a l l y w h i c h $116,417 w o u l d be f o r t h e c o m m e r c i a l a r e a and $69,248 f o r c o m m e r c i a l p a r k i n g . �• Assuming the n a t i o n a l percentage d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o p e r a t i n g e x p e n s e s as a s h a r e o f income, the proposed commercial t e n a n t s would have to pay r e n t t o t h e o r d e r o f $221,700 a n n u a l l y and p a r k i n g u s e r s w o u l d h a v e t o pay $91,200 i n o r d e r t o meet d e b t s e r v i c e payments and s t i l l p r o v i d e a minimum a l l o c a t i n g f o r o p e r a t i n g e x p e n s e s , r e t u r n on e q u i t y and r e s e r v e . • B a s e d on 42,700 s q . f t . o f c o m m e r c i a l s p a c e , t e n a n t s w o u l d h a v e t o pay an a v e r a g e o f $5.20 per s q . f t . a n n u a l l y . The m o n t h l y p a r k i n g f e e must be $40 p e r a u t o m o b i l e . W h i l e we f e a s i b l e and can believe that t h i s project i s commercially provide a r e t u r n to i n v e s t o r s , i t i s o p i n i o n t h a t t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r d e v e l o p m e n t c a n be should the following activities our enhanced occur: e D e v e l o p t h e l a n d t o t h e n o r t h and s o u t h o f t h e s i t e i n t o c o m p l e m e n t a r y and s u p p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e s which would i n c r e a s e the populat i o n d e n s i t y i n the immediate a r e a . Considera t i o n c o u l d be g i v e n t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a motel, o f f i c e b u i l d i n g , or s i m i l a r s t r u c t u r e s i f f u r t h e r a n a l y s i s should s u b s t a n t i a t e the need f o r such s t r u c t u r e s . e C l a r i f y the r i g h t s of the D i s t r i c t of Columbia to dispose of the land i n question to a p r i v a t e , c o m m e r c i a l c o n c e r n on a l e a s e d o r sale basis. e T h a t a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n be t a k e n t o r e d u c e t h e i n c i d e n c e o f c r i m e i n t h e a r e a so t h a t a l l r e s i d e n t s w i l l f e e l f r e e t o shop i n t h e i r neighborhood d u r i n g the e v e n i n g . . Re commendation s In s i t e be l i g h t of the a b o v e , we strongly recommend t h a t d e v e l o p e d as a c o m m e r c i a l f a c i l i t y w i t h a major the parking �garage. feasible, We b e l i e v e t h a t t h i s d e v e l o p m e n t scheme i s e c o n o m i c a l l y i consistent with community and c a n s e r v e ties and a s a c a t a l y s t t h e needs o f a l l s e g m e n t s o f t h e a s an e f f e c t i v e b r i d g e between f o r f u t u r e development. communi- �CHAPTER I I BACKGROUND INFORMATION A. Purpose o f t h i s Report T h i s r e p o r t on t h e S o u t h e a s t F r e e w a y P r o j e c t h a s been commissioned Traffic. by t h e D.C. D e p a r t m e n t o f Highways and I t i s an e x p a n s i o n o f an i n t e r i m s t u d y s u b m i t - t e d i n O c t o b e r , 1973 by t h e A f r o - A m e r i c a n B i c e n t e n n i a l Corporation. As d i r e c t e d by t h e Highway D e p a r t m e n t , this r e p o r t f o c u s e s d i r e c t l y on u s e o f t h e s i t e b e n e a t h t h e Freeway f o r commercial purposes. B e c a u s e i t was u n c l e a r w h e t h e r t h e D i s t r i c t Govern- ment c o u l d l e a s e f r e e w a y a i r r i g h t s t o p r i v a t e interests, t h e c o m m e r c i a l c o n c e p t was n o t a h i g h p r i o r i t y i n ABC's interim report. Now, h o w e v e r , i t i s c o n s i d e r e d t h e most f e a s i b l e use o f t h e l a n d f o r t h r e e reasons. (1) W i t h D.C. Home R u l e , power t o g r a n t a i r r i g h t s t o p r i v a t e d e v e l o p e r s may e v e n t u a l l y be v e s t e d i n t h e D.C. C i t y C o u n c i l . (2) R e s i d e n t s o f t h e community h a v e e x p r e s s e d g r e a t i n t e r e s t i n commercial development of the s i t e . (3) W h i l e p u b l i c f u n d s a r e n o t now a v a i l a b l e f o r a l t e r n a t i v e uses, such as r e c r e a t i o n , e d u c a t i o n a n d day c a r e , t h e s i t e c o u l d be d e v e l o p e d c o m m e r c i a l l y t h r o u g h a combinat i o n o f p r i v a t e c a p i t a l and p u b l i c i n c e n t i v e s but without s u b s t a n t i a l public funds. �This report, therefore, presents m a r k e t a n a l y s i s and site f o r the purposes of determining the Accordingly, community p r o f i l e , analyses and f e a s i b l e o p t i o n and discusses B. Previous P r o j e c t and While the C o r p o r a t i o n ' s r e p o r t , we as proposed of a elaborates principal t h e most e c o n o m i c a l l y f o r development. Work p r o c e s s has of the Afro-American believe f a c t s which are c r i t i c a l These are describes t o t a l p r o j e c t ' s s c o p e and detailed i n other portions certain a plan a feasibility i t u p d a t e s and o p t i o n s f o r development, i d e n t i f i e s The f i n d i n g s of economic impact s t u d y of the commercial concept. the the i t important to been Bicentennial restate to the c u r r e n t study effort. follows: • The S o u t h e a s t F r e e w a y p r o j e c t s i t e i s l o c a t e d i n S o u t h e a s t W a s h i n g t o n b e t w e e n " I " S t . on t h e n o r t h , "K" S t . and V i r g i n i a Ave. on t h e s o u t h , and 8 t h and 7 t h S t s . on t h e e a s t and w e s t . To the north i s a s e c t i o n of C a p i t o l H i l l which h a s u n d e r g o n e e x t e n s i v e r e n o v a t i o n and r e s t o r a t i o n of p r i v a t e r e s i d e n c e s . To t h e e a s t and west are the second l a r g e s t p u b l i c housing p r o j e c t s i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. Directly to the n o r t h - e a s t are the h i s t o r i c Marine B a r r a c k s and 'the new M a r i n e B a r r a c k s now u n d e r c o n s t r u c t i o n . • The d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e s i t e t o meet t h e n e e d s o f r e s i d e n t s on b o t h s i d e s c o u l d be a n a t i o n a l p r o t o t y p e f o r use o f s u c h s p a c e and w o u l d s e r v e , i n ABC' s^ v i e w , as a " l i v i n g monument t h a t w o u l d h a v e m e a n i n g l o n g a f t e r t h e B i c e n t e n n i a l i s over." ® As p a r t o f i t s r e s e a r c h , ABC's s t a f f met w i t h r e s i d e n t s o f 16 community g r o u p s , c o n d u c t e d 4 o u t d o o r m e e t i n g s , and s u r v e y e d a r e a r e s i d e n t s . Pvespondents t o t h e s u r v e y i n d i c a t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g p r e f e r e n c e s f o r use o f t h e s i t e : o When t h e F r e e w a y was c o n s t r u c t e d i n 1965, s u p p o r t s w e r e s u n k 15' a t an a d d i t i o n a l c o s t o f $ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 , t h u s a n t i c i p a t i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n o f an understructure. �10. Recreation Commercial Public Services Day C a r e 1,059 persons 846 < 723 36 7 • R e c r e a t i o n a l uses ranked i n o r d e r were r o l l e r s k a t i n g r i n k , b o w l i n g a l l e y , swimming p o o l , a c t i v i t y rooms, p i a z z a , t e e n m e e t i n g p l a c e s , p r o g r a m s f o r s e n i o r c i t i z e n s , gymnasium and tennis court. • Commercial needs i d e n t i f i e d were a l a r g e food s t o r e , drug s t o r e , l a r g e v a r i e t y s t o r e , hardware s t o r e , s m a l l a p p l i a n c e s a l e s and r e p a i r s h o p , c a f e t e r i a , and t h e a t r e . P u b l i c s e r v i c e programs n o t e d i n c l u d e d h e a l t h s e r v i c e s and v o c a t i o n a l • training. • A r c h i t e c t u r a l schemes d e s i g n e d by ABC f o r t h e 1 1/2-acre space allowed f o r a t o t a l of 2 - l e v e l g r o s s f l o o r a r e a r a n g i n g f r o m 86,000 t o 104,000 sq. f t . Three p l a n s were developed: r e c r e a t i o n a l , c o m m e r c i a l and e d u c a t i o n a l . T h e i r c o s t s can be summarized: Site Preparation $ Construction 2 , 418, 000 $ 2,793,000 2 , 805 , 000 $3,194,000 3, 029 ,000 $3,403,000 291,000 $ 3,184,000 447,000 $3,641,000 476,000 $3,879,000 E s c a l a t i o n to a t 14% Costs 375,000 $ 389,000 $ 374,000 3/75 The l a n d b e n e a t h t h e F r e e w a y now s e r v e s a s an ad hoc p a r k i n g l o t f o r M a r i n e s , Navy Y a r d e m p l o y e e s and c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s on t h e new M a r i n e B a r r a c k s building. I t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t 100 t o 200 c a r s p a r k d a i l y on t h e s i t e . T h e r e i s no s u p e r v i s i o n , and t h e M a r i n e s r e p o r t v a n d a l i s m t o c a r s w h i c h a r e l e f t on t h e s i t e a t n i g h t and o c c a s i o n a l a t t a c k s on men p i c k i n g up t h e i r c a r s . • The s q u a r e o f l a n d b e n e a t h t h e F r e e w a y (#928 on t h e D i s t r i c t Z o n i n g Map) i s zoned C - 2 - A - C o m m e r c i a l . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e D.C. Code, t h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e f a c i l i t i e s f o r s h o p p i n g and �b u s i n e s s needs f o r l a r g e segments o f t h e c i t y outside the c e n t r a l core. I t i s norma]ly a t r i b u t a r y to a large r e s i d e n t i a l area, permitt i n g d e v e l o p m e n t o f medium p r o p o r t i o n s . Shopping c e n t e r s a r e encouraged. i Z o n i n g on l a n d a d j a c e n t t o t h e F r e e w a y p r o j e c t site i s : S q u a r e #905 ( w e s t o f 9 2 8 ) : C - 2 - A - C o m m e r c i a l ; o f f i c e o r r e s i d e n t i a l u s e p e r m i t t e d on t h e second s t o r y . S q u a r e #904 (700 b l o c k o f " I " S t . , n o r t h o f 9 2 8 ) : C-2-A-Commercial; o f f i c e o r r e s i d e n t i a l S q u a r e #879 (west o f 9 0 5 ) : S q u a r e #906 facturinq. (southwest R-5-B-resideitial; o f 9 2 8 ) : C-M-I-Manu- �i CHAPTER III THE S I T E E x i s t i n g and P r o p o s e d S u r r o u n d i n g Uses 1. a. The 8 t h S t r e e t Corridor 8th S t r e e t , from P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue s o u t h t o t h e F r e e w a y u n d e r p a s s a t V i r g i n i a A v e n u e , i s zoned c o m m e r c i a l . Most b u i l d i n g s a r e u s e d c o m m e r c i a l l y , b u t t h e r e a r e a f e w parking l o t s and 3 o r 4 r e s i d e n c e s . I n a d d i t i o n , a number o f b u i l d i n g s a r e c o m m e r c i a l on t h e f i r s t tial f l o o r and r e s i d e n - on t h e s e c o n d and t h i r d . Once a m a j o r c o m m e r c i a l a r t e r y , 8 t h S t . had deteriorated along with the r e s t of t h i s east. s e c t i o n o f South- I t was p a r t i a l l y b u r n e d o u t d u r i n g T h e r e a r e s i g n s now, h o w e v e r , come-back. t h a t t h e S t r e e t i s making a The new E a s t e r n M a r k e t M e t r o s t o p i s a t 8 t h and P e n n s y l v a n i a . Capitol H i l l t h e 1968 r i o t s . T h e r e has been w i d e s p r e a d r e n o v a t i o n townhouses on p a r a l l e l s t r e e t s — 7th, of 9th, �10th and "I". and 11th — and Pennsylvania businesses Capitol H i l l on the c r o s s s t r e e t s — Avenue h a s h a v e s p r u n g up been r e v i t a l i z e d 8 t h S t . , and T h e r e i s one with r e s i d e n t s , and f u r n i t u r e s t o r e , W i l l i a m E. M i l l e r — Pennsylvania -- and government a g e n c i e s , when t h e are and may be toward the bars, service businesses. which serve the Some o f t h e newer Many renting will There are A commercial survey or businesses f r o m t r a n s i e n t s who t h e M e t r o s t o p when i t opens i n 1976. owners. and poorer growth of upper-income t r a d e r e s i d e n t s and white 8th for several f o r c e d o u t when t h e b u i l d i n g i s s o l d rent i s raised. Capitol H i l l and both l o c a t e d a t I n many c a s e s , t h e p r o p r i e t o r s a r e looking black large quality e s p e c i a l l y t h o s e w h i c h h a v e been f o r a l o n g t i m e and residents. one a number o f r e s t a u r a n t s and operations, the area prevented a bank, American There are o f f i c e s dozen s m a l l r e t a i l are marginal on the headquarters of a w e l l - e s t a b - l i s h e d hardware c h a i n . s p a c e and area w h i c h does a l a r g e volume o f r e s t o r a - t i o n loan business in in this t o meet t h e needs o f a f f l u e n t t h e i r l a c k o f common i n t e r e s t h a s & Trust, a b o u t two and d i v e r s i t y among t h e b u s i n e s s e s merchants' o r g a n i z a t i o n . 1/ and "G", residents. There i s a great Security "E", from use both of the 8th 1 / A s s i s t a n t B r a n c h Manager, A m e r i c a n S e c u r i t y & T r u s t , E a s t e r n Market o f f i c e . strong �St. c o r r i d o r i s given i n Appendix A. I n t h e n e x t few y e a r s , t h e r e i s t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f f u r t h e r u p g r a d i n g a t b o t h ends o f 8 t h S t . The D.C. B i c e n t e n n i a l Commission all i s now s t u d y i n g a l l p l a n n i n g a r o u n d Metro s t o p s w i t h h i g h p r i o r i t y b e i n g g i v e n t o t h e E a s t e r n 2/ Market stop. T h i s may r e s u l t i n p l a n t i n g and s e a t i n g being placed along Plans w i l l 8th S t . south from P e n n s y l v a n i a Ave. n o t be d e f i n i t e u n t i l t h e end o f 1 9 7 5 . What i s h a p p e n i n g a t t h e e n d o f 8 t h S t . n e a r e s t t h e Freeway p r o j e c t s i t e speaking, i s e v e n more s i g n i f i c a n t . Generally i n t h e p a s t , t h e c l o s e r b u s i n e s s e s on 8 t h S t . h a v e been t o P e n n s y l v a n i a , t h e more p r o s p e r o u s and p r e s e n t a b l e t h e y h a v e b e e n , a n d t h e f a r t h e r one p r o c e e d e d s o u t h , t h e t o u g h e r and more run-down t h e s t r e e t and i t s e s t a b l i s h ments became. R e c e n t l y , h o w e v e r , p r o p e r t i e s i n t h e 700 b l o c k o f 8 t h S t . a c r o s s f r o m t h e M a r i n e B a r r a c k s h a v e been p u r c h a s e d by r e a l t o r s and d e v e l o p e r s , many o f whom h a v e a d i r e c t and l o n g - t e r m i n t e r e s t i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f C a p i t o l Hill. P r i c e s h a v e e s c a l a t e d g r e a t l y ; one u n r e s t o r e d ing i n t h i s block sold recently t h r e e f o r $125,000. build- f o r $55,000 a n d a group o f The b u i l d i n g s a r e b e i n g r e s t o r e d and, i n some c a s e s , r e n t e d f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l o f f i c e s . There a r e p l a n s t o o r g a n i z e t h e b l o c k i n t o " B a r r a c k s Row," an 2/ D.C. Government, O f f i c e o f P l a n n i n g and Management. �organization St. across s i m i l a r t o t h e M a r k e t Row A s s o c i a t e s from t h e E a s t e r n Market. ' I n s t a n t c l e a n u p and restoration of the a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y d i s t i n c t i v e 3/ w i l l be e n c o u r a g e d . b. The M a r i n e on 7 t h buildings Barracks On t h e e a s t s i d e o f 8 t h S t . b e t w e e n "G" a n d " I " Sts. i s l o c a t e d t h e Marine B a r r a c k s . L i s t e d on t h e f National R e g i s t e r o f H i s t o r i c L a n d m a r k s , t h e M a r i n e Head- quarters h a s been a t t h i s l o c a t i o n s i n c e 1805 a n d i s s u r r o u n d e d by a b r i c k w a l l . Friday nights during 8 t h a n d " I " p a r a d e s on t h e summer a r e a m a j o r tourist attraction. A c r o s s " I " S t . b e t w e e n 8 t h and 1 0 t h S t s . , a new Barracks It will b u i l d i n g f o r e n l i s t e d men i s n e a r i n g provide h o u s i n g f o r up t o 396 e n l i s t e d Marines assigned other bachelor t o 8 t h a n d " I " , 250 u n d e r g r o u n d spaces f o r t h e i r use, 4 eating and completion. facilities, services forresidents. parking a gymnasium, A l l unmarried e n l i s t e d men o f t h e r a n k E/5 and b e l o w w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o l i v e i n the B a r r a c k s . 350 t o 375 l i v i n g spaces w i l l be I t i s expected that be o c c u p e d by them. Other l i v i n g s p a c e s may u s e d by M a r i n e s who come t o 8 t h and " I " on 2/ R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s D.C. o f r e a l t o r s on C a p i t o l H i l l , business. Washington, �Occupancy o f t h e b u i l d i n g i s s c h e d u l e d f o r March 15 - 1/ May 1 , 1 9 7 5 . At t h a t t i m e , b u i l d i n g s w i t h i n t h e 8 t h and " I " c o m p l e x w h i c h a r e now b e i n g u s e d t o h o u s e a b o u t 100 e n l i s t e d men w i l l renovation, be c o n v e r t e d f o r o f f i c e u s e . estimated t o c o s t a b o u t $1.7 m i l l i o n , accommodate a l l M a r i n e o f f i c e n e e d s f o r t h e , The men who w i l l be q u a r t e r e d a r e now s c a t t e r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e a r e a . at can i n t h e new Besides Barracks those'who a t 8 t h and " I " , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 100 men a r e l i v i n g t h e Navy Y a r d a n d 100 o r s o a r e r e s i d i n g w h e r e v e r find M a r i n e C o r p s i s r e g a r d e d by l o c a l as a s o u r c e o f s t a b i l i t y there r e s u l t i n g problems o f t r a s h , a n d e s p e c i a l l y p a r k i n g . ^./Marines l o c a l business residents and as a d e s i r a b l e n e i g h b o r , b u t i s a mutual d e s i r e t o r e s o l v e traffic, they housing. The few should foreseeable future. now l i v e This establishments patronize except f o r the dry clean- e r s and u n i f o r m s t o r e d i r e c t l y a c r o s s 8 t h S t . from t h e Barracks. c. T h e Navv Y a r d The W a s h i n g t o n Navy Y a r d i s l o c a t e d a c r e s bounded by "M" St. S t . S.E., t h e A n a c o s t i a S.E. and 1 1 t h S t . , S.E. on 66.5 River, 4th E m p l o y i n g 6,000 p e o p l e a n d 47 — Commandant, U.S. M a r i n e B a r r a c k s 5/ P r e s i d e n t , C a p i t o l H i l l R e s t o r a t i o n S o c i e t y , a s l o c a l member r e s i d e n t s o f C a p i t o l H i l l . as w e l l �17. l o c a t e d w i t h i n two key f a c t o r i n any The blocks of the Freeway s i t e , i t is a market ana?.ysis of the p r o j e c t . Y a r d ' s 66.5 N a v a l and t e n a n t Housing Open s p a c e Streets Surface parking a c r e s a r e now devoted t o : operations 36.1 6.7 3.3 13.3 7.2 T h e r e i s a t o t a l b u i l d i n g f l o o r a r e a o f 2.3 acres acres acres acres acres million square f e e t , w h i c h i s d i v i d e d among: % Floor Area Administrative (offices, labs,training) 30 R e s i d e n t i a l ( q u a r t e r s and b a r r a c k s ) 11 Community f a c i l i t i e s ( c l u b s , PX) 13 Waterfront a c t i v i t i e s (ships,diving) 5 Maintenance ( p u b l i c works) 5 S t o r a g e ( w a r e h o u s i n g and s u p p l y ) 32 Medical 1 Vacant _3 100% Within National t h e Navy Y a r d are l o c a t e d a branch of Bank o f W a s h i n g t o n , a c r e d i t u n i o n , an c a f e t e r i a open t o a l l e m p l o y e e s , two use by a l l e m p l o y e e s , and service outlet .Population 3,350 720 560 450 430 490 300 0 6,000 officers 3 snack b a r s . ( b a r b e r , b e a u t y shop and the exchange clubs for There i s a PX w h i c h can be �u s e d o n l y by t h e Y a r d ' s are 1,925 m i l i t a r y employees. no s t o r e s l o c a t e d on o r n e a r t h e Navy Y a r d . rarely leave i t during the In 1967, There Employees day. a M a s t e r P l a n was p u b l i s h e d f o r t h e Navy Y a r d w i t h the aim of d e v e l o p i n g the Y a r d i n t o a c e n t e r f o r Navy a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a c t i v i t i e s y a r d was t o undergo m a s s i v e G i v e n a $180 m i l . price tag r e d e v e l o p m e n t was million s q . f t . and o f 10,000 p e o p l e , I t now realized. gallery r e d e v e l o p m e n t and r e o r g a n i z a t i o n 1 ($280 m i l . i n t o d a y s t o b r i n g new office 8,300 o f them a d m i n i s t r a t i v e that this plan w i l l Navy p l a n n e r s a r e h o p e f u l t h a t a $12 doubtful. prices), space of never be million effort I t would i n c l u d e r e n o v a t i o n of the a r t and v i s i t o r c e n t e r , r e s t o r a t i o n o f t h e historic i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e Navy M e m o r i a l Museum, e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a N a v a l H i s t o r i c a l Ce d e v e l o p m e n t o f L e u t z e P a r k and t h e W a t e r f r o n t P a r k parking. 1.2 workers. come t o p a s s , b u t e v e n t h i s modest T i n g e y House and L a t r o b e G a t e , and The a t o t a l Navy Y a r d employment p o p u l a t i o n seems c e r t a i n program w i l l s t i l l 6/ is expected i n the Washington a r e a . and Geared to the B i c e n t e n n i a l , t h i s program c a p i t a l - i z e s on t h e h i s t o r i c c h a r a c t e r o f t h e Navy Y a r d . I t w i l l n o t make any a p p r e c i a b l e d i f f e r e n c e e i t h e r i n the number o r i n t h e m i x o f e m p l o y e e s . total O f f i c e b u i l d i n g s would i / c a p t . W a l t e r Marquart, D i r e c t o r of the Chesapeake N a v a l F a c i l i t i e s E n g i n e e r i n g Command. Division �19 r e m a i n t h e same a s w o u l d t h e l a r g e c o n c e n t r a t i o n house s p a c e , c o n v e r t e d from o l d s h i p b u i l d i n g o f ware- areas. < d. Public The has Housing area surrounding t h e Freeway p r o j e c t t h e second h e a v i e s t i n Washington. there housing C a p i t a l Area a r e 1,356 a p a r t m e n t u n i t s i n f o u r complexes: A r t h u r Capper, C a r r o l l s b u r g Dwellings, A p a r t m e n t s , and E l l e n W i l s o n . I n addition, occupied a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t s . 846 of public A d m i n i s t e r e d by t h e N a t i o n a l Housing A u t h o r i t y , building concentration site there a r e 19 n o n - r e s i d e n t Of t h e 1,356 h o u s i n g a r e o c c u p i e d , 255 a r e h a b i t a b l e and v a c a n t , units 6 are being r e h a b i l i t a t e d a n d 13 a r e i n t h e p r o c e s s o f b e i n g o v e r f r o m one t e n a n t t o t h e n e x t , Carroll turned and one h i g h - r i s e with 236 u n i t s i s v a c a n t and s c h e d u l e d f o r r e n o v a t i o n . are 308 1-bedroom u n i t s , 647 2-bedroom u n i t s , 140 3-bedroom units, and 25 4-bedroom u n i t s The is that are habitable. median r e n t w i t h i n t h e p u b l i c h o u s i n g $60 p e r month. T h e r e a r e 846 f a m i l i e s w i t h c h i l d r e n u n d e r 16 y e a r s . 222 There Besides complex 2,935 Social Security recipients, f a m i l i e s r e c e i v e some f o r m o f p u b l i c a s s i s t a n c e : 145 f a m i l i e s who r e c e i v e p u b l i c a s s i s t a n c e a s t h e i r s o l e of reported i n c o m e , a n d 77 f a m i l i e s who r e c e i v e source partial assistance. The high r i s e with 236 u n i t s a t 1 1 0 1 7 t h S t . SE w i t h i n t h e Capper complex i s v a c a n t . NCHA p l a n s to turn �this building i n t o a S e n i o r C i t i z e n s Apartment by 1 9 7 6 . B e g i n n i n g i n m i d - 1 9 7 5 , t h e HUD-funded r e n o v a t i o n w i l l c o n v e r t t h e s t r u c t u r e i n t o 162 1-bedroom a p a r t m e n t s and 250 n u r s i n g rooms. Of t h e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400 r e s i d e n t s , b e t w e e n 250-300 w i l l be c o n f i n e d b e c a u s e o f p h y s i c a l 1/ infirmities and about 150 w i l l be a m b u l a t o r y . The new s t r u c t u r e i s d e s i g n e d a s a t o t a l community s o t h a t e l d e r l y r e s i d e n t s w i l l not have,to v e n t u r e i n t o t h e s u r r o u n d i n g neighborhood. the building w i l l have a pharmacy, n u r s i n g c a r e , s e r v i c e s , r e c r e a t i o n , and f o o d s e r v i c e s . and s n a c k b a r w i l l Besides housing, provide meals. clinical A d i n i n g room Some p a c k a g e d food and g r o c e r i e s w i l l be a v a i l a b l e a t t h e s n a c k b a r . e. D e v e l o p m e n t a t Potomac and P e n n s y l v a n i a A v e n u e s , S.E. An a p a r t m e n t / c o m m e r c i a l for complex h a s been proposed t h e c o r n e r o f Potomac and P e n n s y l v a n i a A v e s . a t 1 3 t h S t . S.E., a c r o s s f r o m t h e Potomac Avenue M e t r o s t o p . The d e v e l o p e r , Graham B u i l d i n g A s s o c i a t e s , i s r e q u e s t i n g a z o n i n g change w h i c h w o u l d p e r m i t c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a 4 4 0 - u n i t a p a r t ment b u i l d i n g w i t h on t h e g r o u n d per month. 35,000 g r o s s s q . f t . o f c o m m e r c i a l floor. Apartments w i l l space r e n t f o r $220 t o $325 The' c o m m e r c i a l s p a c e w i l l be u s e d f o r medium- sized f a c i l i t i e s such a s a bank, food s t o r e , drug s t o r e , 8/ b a r b e r shop, a n d d r y c l e a n e r s . 1/ N a t i o n a l C a p i t o l H o u s i n g A u t h o r i t y , Mr. A r t h u r McCaw. P/ P u b l i c H e a r i n g s b e f o r e D.C. Z o n i n g C o m m i s s i o n , Nov.13 and Town H a l l M e e t i n g s p o n s o r e d by D.C. D e p a r t m e n t o f P l a n n i n g and Management, Nov.7. �The t i v e plans p r e p a r e d f o r t h e s i t e by t h e D i s t r i c t ' s of Planning are is z o n i n g change t o C-2-B i s one o f 3 a l t e r n a - and Management. Office H e a r i n g s on t h e z o n i n g change c u r r e n t l y b e i n g h e l d b e f o r e t h e Zoning Commission. I t e x p e c t e d t h a t t h e u p z o n i n g f o r t h i s p r o j e c t o r one similar to i t w i l l e v e n t u a l l y be a p p r o v e d . A number o f community g r o u p s a r e i n f a v o r o f t h e higher-density it use around t h e Metro s t o p , i s s p o n s o r e d by a r, l a c k d e v e l o p e r . others who o b j e c t especially since However, t h e r e a r e t o the p r o j e c t because o f the high-density, m a s s i v e b u i l d i n g and b e c a u s e i t o f f e r s no l o w a n d m o d e r a t e 1/ income h o u s i n g . f. V i r g i n i a Avenue P l a y g r o u n d The V i r g i n i a A v e . p l a y g r o u n d , l o c a t e d on t h e s o u t h s i d e o f V i r g i n i a b e t w e e n 9 t h and 1 1 t h , now h a s one small basketball court, swings f o r small climbing s a n d b o x , p i c n i c t a b l e s and a m e e t i n g bars, building. a slide, and l a r g e c h i l d r e n , T h e r e a r e no summer p r o g r a m s , f o o d d i s t r i b u t i o n or water a c t i v i t i e s . Importantly, t h e D.C. Recreation would l i k e t o add 2-4 l i g h t e d t e n n i s along with a spray shower f o r s m a l l improved b a s k e t b a l l c o u r t . Department o f c h i l d r e n and an Funds f o r t h e t e n n i s 9/ R e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f C a p i t o l H i l l H i l l A c t i o n Group. courts c o u r t s and Group M i n i s t r y and C a p i t o l �10/ spray shower a r e b e i n g requested i n t h e 197G b u d g e t . a. V a c a n t C o n t i g u o u s S i t e s Immediately opposite site across t h e Freeway T h e s e p r o p e r t i e s on t h e 700 b l o c k " I " S t . h a v e a t o t a l o f 18,347 s q . f t . , i s h e l d by a p r o m i n e n t C a p i t o l H i l l ally, at understructure " I " S t . i s a row o f d i l a p i d a t e d , b o a r d e d - u p t o w n h o u s e s zoned C-2-A. of i 5,920 o f w h i c h r e a l t o r who, c o i n c i d e n t - owns a m a j o r s h a r e o f t h e l a n d s c h e d u l e d Potomac and P e n n s y l v a n i a A v e s . also holds remaining An 8 t h S t . b u s i n e s s m a n 4,027 s q . f t . o f p r o p e r t y on t h i s b l o c k . 8,4 00 s q . f t . a r e owned by f i v e The 5,339-sq.ft. 700 b l o c k western i s owned by Amoco. f o r re zoning The individuals. o f V i r g i n i a Ave. i s vacant. The c o r n e r was f o r m e r l y a g a s s t a t i o n a n d The r e m a i n i n g 14,991 s q . f t . i s under 11/ the c o n t r o l o f one owner a n d i s zoned C-M-l. The land to the west across 7th S t . i s uninhabit- a b l e a s i t i s u n d e r t h e F r e e w a y a n d , due t o t h e r o a d ing, grad- i s too low f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n . 10/ D.C. S c h o o l B o a r d , D i v i s i o n o f B u i l d i n g and G r o u n d s ; R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s D.C. D e p a r t m e n t o f R e c r e a t i o n , A r e a V. t — D.C. A s s e s s m e n t S e r v i c e s D i v i s i o n , Maps a n d T i t l e Section �Land Marine h. t o the e a s t across Oth S t . i s o c c u p i e d b y t h e new Barracks. Metro S t a t i o n s and T r a f f i c < T h e r e a r e two Metro s t a t i o n s i n t h e market w h i c h i s the E a s t e r n Market between 7th and 8th S t s . to open i n 1976. levels s t o p a t P e n n s y l v a n i a Ave. A "Bicentennial stop," i t i s scheduled o f employment a n d r e s i d e n t i a l p o p u l a t i o n s i m i l a r t o t h o s e More t h a n 4 0% o f a l l p e r s o n s coming a .id g o i n g f r o m t h i s M e t r o s t o p d u r i n g a peak h o u r w i l l it S.E., WMATA r i d e r s h i p p r o j e c t i o n s seem t o i n d i c a t e which e x i s t today. the a r e a , one o f remainder w i l l a r r i v e by bus. be w a l k i n g ; During the morning rush hour, i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t a c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h e r number o f p e o p l e w i l l be b o a r d i n g a t t h e E a s t e r n M a r k e t ing. These The Sts., f i g u r e s would s t o p t h a n w i l l be a l i g h t - be r e v e r s e d i n t h e e v e n i n g r u s h h o u r . second underground v s t o p i s p l a n n e d a t 4 t h a n d "M" a d j a c e n t t o t h e Navy Y a r d . P a r t o f the l i n e which from L ' E n f a n t P l a z a t o A n a c o s t i a w i l l n o t be c o m p l e t e d 1990. T h e r e a r e a s y e t no p r o j e c t i o n s f o r t o t a l d a i l y ship. goes until P r o j e c t i o n s a r e t h a t 4,590 r i d e r s w i l l board the Metro j Traffic i u r i n g t h e morning rider- a l i g h t a n d 642 12/ r u s h hour a t t h i s s t o p . Patterns At p r e s e n t , a l l s t r e e t s which surround the a l l o w two-way t r a f f i c , site e x c e p t f o r " I " S t . w h i c h i s one-way 127 WMATA, R e v i s e d R a i l B u s T r a n s i t S y s t e m Assumed R o u t e s f o r 1990, p r e p a r e d by A l a n M. V o o r h e e s and A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , F e b . 1971; N e t Income A n a l y s i s S t u d y , p r e p a r e d b y V o o r h e e s , 1969. �w e s t b o u n d f r o m Potomac Ave. which l e a d to the 8 t h S t . has a medium amount o f t r a f f i c , crossed to get light traffic J i s also heavily T r a f f i c patterns w i l l ramp h a s of c o n s t r u c t i o n i t w i l l be "M" S t . , which the travelled. 9th St. B u i l t through the Marine been d e l a y e d i n opening'because defects. an on- "I" St. 7th S t . i s c h a n g e when t h e ramp t o t h e F r e e w a y i s opened. the and f r o m t h e Navy Y a r d t o Freeway underpass s i t e , Barracks, and Southeast Freeway, are h e a v i l y t r a v e l e d , a residential street with must be V i r g i n i a Ave. I t i s not now or off-ramp or both. known w h e t h e r When t h e ramp i s opened " I " S t . w i l l p r o b a b l y become two-way b e t w e e n 8 t h and 3• 9th. Community Profile a. Community Groups P r i m a r i l y due g r o u p s h a v e emerged and interests hood. represented to the r e s t o r a t i o n movement, organized to p r o t e c t the w i t h i n the C a p i t o l H i l l Most p r o m i n e n t among t h e s e community neighbororganizations a c t i v e i n or p e r i p h e r a l to the market a r e a are Capitol Hill' Restoration Society, Capitol H i l l Group, C a p i t o l E a s t Community O r g a n i z a t i o n , Hill Group M i n i s t r y , and M a r k e t Row various the Action Capitol Associates. �All and of these g r o u p s w e r e f a m i l i a r wi£h t h e s i t e somewhat f a m i l i a r w i t h p r o p o s e d p l a n s E a c h commented f r o m t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n ' s Capitol H i l l f o r development. vantage point. The Restoration Society has as i t s c h i e f p r i o r i t y t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f a r e s i d e n t i a l rowhouse community; t h e r e f o r e , z o n i n g and l a n d u s e a r e t h i s The group's c h i e f focus. R e s t o r a t i o n S o c i e t y h a s 1,250 members a n d h a s b e e n o p e r - ating f o r 20 y e a r s . The to H i l l Capitol H i l l Action organizations. Group (CHAG) i s a newcomer I t i s devoted t o m a i n t a i n i n g e c o n o m i c m i x among C a p i t o l H i l l r - e s i d e n t s . The B l a c k p a r t t o CHAG i s C a p i t o l E a s t Community O r g a n i z a t i o n W h i l e CHAG i s p r e d o m i n a n t l y W h i t e , m i d d l e - c l a s s , p r e d o m i n a n t l y B l a c k , m i d d l e t o l o w income. is to organize i t s constituency a sociocounter(CECO). CECO i s CECO's f u n c t i o n i n an e f f o r t to maintain community s e r v i c e s f o r t h e s e r e s i d e n t s . Capitol H i l l Group M i n i s t r y i s an a g g r e g a t e o f 15 c h u r c h e s a n d r e l i g i o u s g r o u p s on C a p i t o l H i l l whose p u r p o s e is to help churches r e l a t e a support system f o r l o c a l t o t h e community, a n d t o p r o v i d e church l e a d e r s h i p . M i n i s t r y a l s o sponsors a v a r i e t y M a r k e t Row A s s o c i a t e s m e r c h a n t s whose b u s i n e s s e s Market. T h e Group o f community p r o g r a m s . i s a n o r g a n i z a t i o n o f 20 a r e contiguous t o t h e Eastern T h e i r p u r p o s e i s t o promote b u s i n e s s on 7 t h S t . S . E . �a s w e l l as t o b e a u t i f y and protect the I n addition to these area. organizations, there are i n s t i t u t i o n s whose p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e m a r k e t a r e a i s critical to the d e f i n i t i o n of the At discussed, the A r t h u r there are Capper 846 neighborhood. p u b l i c housing s i t e , f a m i l i e s , organized a health center, mental health center, store, recreation center, and tenant cooperative previously groups, food s e v e r a l programs i n w h i c h residents participate. F r i e n d s h i p House i s t h e o l d e s t and service settlement house i n the s i n c e 1904 and the United Planning Friendship House has area. I t has receives i t s financial Organization and largest multibeen support p r i m a r i l y from the United programs d e s i g n e d to h e l p Givers the •through e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t , t o a l l e v i a t e s o c i a l and to provide include goods and The and community problems Services center, senior a consumer a c t i o n p r o g r a m . S t . P a t r i c k ' s E p i s c o p a l Church i n Georgetown. purpose i s to organize provide care Fund. S o u t h e a s t E n r i c h m e n t C e n t e r i s a community a g e n c y f u n d e d by Its s e r v i c e s t o t h e needy. a d u l t e d u c a t i o n c l a s s e s , a day c i t i z e n s p r o g r a m , and operating s e r v i c e s and low income B l a c k programs i n a r e a s r e s i d e n t s and of housing, to education youth. The D.C. G a z e t t e i s one newspapers, p r o v i d i n g Washington. of Washington's underground an a l t e r n a t i v e t o m a j o r news m e d i a i n I t focuses on c i t y - w i d e news w i t h s p e c i a l �e m p h a s i s on C a p i t o l b. Hill. Economic P r o f i l e The survey tions identifies (1) (2) (3) o f community f a c i l i t i e s three major sources and o r g a n i z a - o f m a r k e t demand: Poorer r e s i d e n t s south of the s i t e Capitol H i l l residents to the north T h o s e e m p l o y e d by o r l i v i n g i n t h e M a r i n e Barracks The by i a n d Navy Yard economic r e s o u r c e s o f r e s i d e n t s a r e measured l o o k i n g a t income r e c e i v e d by f a m i l i e s and by u n r e l a t e d individuals variation i n the market area. There i s such extreme i n income i n t h e a r e a t h a t t h e r e a r e r e a l l y two d i s t i n c t types of resident -- h i g h income and l o w income. T h e r e a r e a l s o a l a r g e number o f u n r e l a t e d i n d i v i d u a l s l i v i n g in the a r e a . The w e s t e r n p o r t i o n o f t h e market a r e a i s v e r y •close t o t h e C o n g r e s s i o n a l Hill, in and r e l a t e d o f f i c e s on C a p i t a l a n d i t i s n o t -unusual t o f i n d s e v e r a l s i n g l e persons t h e a r e a s h a r i n g a h o u s e o r an a p a r t m e n t . More t h a n 5 0 % o f t h e 1,482 u n r e l a t e d i n d i v i d u a l s i n t h e m a r k e t a r e a a r e located i n the high The Hill income area.—/ e f f e c t o f t h e r e s t o r a t i o n movement on C a p i t o l i s reflected i n t h e change i n income p a t t e r n s o v e r t h e 13/ P a r t o f t h i s number i s a t t r i b u t a b l e t o t h e M a r i n e s r e s i d i n g i n e x i s t i n g q u a r t e r s a t 8 t h and " I " . �past several years. I n 1 9 5 9 , median f a m i l y income o f a l l a r e a r e s i d e n t s was s u b s t a n t i a l l y b e l o w t h e m e d i a n income f o r t h e District o f Columbia as a whole. Pennsylvania same a s f o r t h e D i s t r i c t residents i n the area between and South C a r o l i n a A v e s . and t h e s t u d y s i t e , t h e income o f f a m i l i e s a n d u n r e l a t e d the By 19 69, i n d i v i d u a l s was a p p r o x i m a t e l y o f Columbia. However, t h o s e l i v i n g b e t w e e n t h e S o u t h e a s t F r e e w a y and t h e A n a c o s t i a R i v e r and l i v i n g to the east o f t h e Marine Barracks f u r t h e r b e l o w t h e median income i n t h e D i s t r i c t had incomes i n 1969 t h a n i n 1959 . Several f a c t o r s seem t o i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e d i c h o t o m y o f incomes o f r e s i d e n t s w i l l area. Labor s k i l l s income e a r n e r s continue t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e market and o c c u p a t i o n a l l i v i n g t o the north data find o f t h e s i t e a r e employed a s p r o f e s s i o n a l s o r a s m a n a g e r s , many w i t h establishments of Capitol H i l l . the governmental Those w i t h m a i n l y employed i n s e r v i c e and b l u e c o l l a r e m p l o y e d , many i n t h e s e j o b s and a r e e l i g i b l e will does n o t p l a n public housing i n the area. low i n c o m e s a r e jobs. Though below t h e p o v e r t y that the D i s t r i c t t o e l i m i n a t e much o f t h e Nonetheless, i n the period since e s t a t e a g e n t s and d e v e l o p e r s have found t h a t t h e r e s t o r a t i o n movement h a s n o t a b a t e d , a n d i s , i n f a c t , eastward. level Another f a c t o r which dichotomy i s t h e f a c t o f C o l u m b i a Government 1970, r e a l are s t i l l f o rpublic assistance. perpetuate t h i s that the higher moving These people a r e a l s o o p t i m i s t i c about t h e f u t u r e and a r e c o n t i n u i n g to invest i n 1 4 / D a t a on t h e change i n m e d i a n v a l u e o f o w n e r - o c c u p e d h o u s e s u n d e r s c o r e t h e change i n i n c o m e . I n t h i s a r e a , t h e median v a l u e o f o w n e r - o c c u p i e d h o u s e s r o s e mere t h a n 2.5 t i m e s i n t h e lQfin-iq7n p e r i o d . i n remaining p o r t i o n o f t h e market a r e a , t h e i n c r e a s e was l e s s t h a n 5 0 % . �11/ property i n the area. An i n c r e a s i n g s o u r c e o f consumer demand i n t h e m a r k e t a r e a appears new t o be With the completion B a r r a c k s a d j a c e n t t o t h e s i t e , t h e number o f r e s i d i n g nearby are the Marines. unmarried annually. w i l l be b e t w e e n 350 and w i l l and 375. the Marines A l l these be e a r n i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y Room and b o a r d of men $6,600 i s p r o v i d e d f o r them by the military. I n a d d i t i o n t o those l i v i n g a t the B a r r a c k s , approxi m a t e l y 500 salary range certain at enlisted commute t o work t h e r e . i s f r o m $4,300 t o $ 1 4 , 0 0 0 . military allowances. T h e i r annual They a l s o receive Both a t the Marine B a r r a c k s and t h e Navy Y a r d l i v e s e v e r a l h i g h r a n k i n g o f f i c e r s , whose salaries a r e a b o u t $36,000 a n n u a l l y . There who men are approximately commute d a i l y t o w o r k i n t h e Navy Y a r d . p r e d i c t t h a t employment w i l l n e x t 5-10 years. 6,000 n o n r e s i d e n t e m p l o y e e s remain at t h i s Navy p l a n n e r s l e v e l f o r the S l i g h t l y more t h a n t w o - t h i r d s o f employees are c i v i l i a n s ; the r e m a i n i n g 1,900 are the military. The Navy e s t i m a t e s t h a t s a l a r i e s o f a l l e m p l o y e e s a r e a t an average l e v e l o f GS-7 1/2, o r an a n n u a l salary i n 1974 of about $11,000. c. F u n d a m e n t a l There Issues a r e t h r e e b a s i c and v e r y d i f f e r e n t 15/ R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of r e a l t o r s on C a p i t o l H i l l , constituen- Washington, D.C. �30 c i e s w h i c h form the market f o r f a c i l i t i e s understructure s i t e . Briefly, they on the Freeway are: o R e s i d e n t s o f t h e a r e a s o u t h o f t h e F r e e w a y , who are p r i m a r i l y tenants of p u b l i c housing. They a r e i s o l a t e d f r o m s h o p p i n g and h a v e low d i s p o s a b l e incomes. o R e s i d e n t s o f t h e a r e a n o r t h o f t h e F r e e w a y , who r e n t o r own h o u s e s and a r e c o n s i d e r e d p a r t o f t h e C a p i t o l H i l l community. They a r e m o b i l e , h a v e h i g h d i s p o s a b l e i n c o m e s , and c a n s u p p o r t a high q u a l i t y r e t a i l area. o N a v y / M a r i n e e m p l o y e e s and r e s i d e n t s , g e n e r a l l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s h a v i n g m o d e r a t e i n c o m e s , who m i g h t use t h e s h o p p i n g f a c i l i t i e s d u r i n g o r a f t e r t h e i r working day. Any p l a n f o r use o f t h e Freeway s i t e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e n e e d s and these t h r e e groups. m e n t i o n e d by . s a f e t y and financial Another important a l l t h r e e groups — crime. support should take available consideration from . — i s the q u e s t i o n of p u b l i c T h i s i s a high crime area, and this f a c t a f f e c t s t h e e x p e c t a t i o n s and b e h a v i o r who live and work t h e r e . The This p r e c i n c t covers the a r e a roughly f r o m t h e A n a c o s t i a R i v e r t o 1 4 t h S t . , N.W., Massachusetts crime Avenue. r a t e i n the c i t y . of burgulry, T h i s p r e c i n c t has F o r 1973, 4 3 m u r d e r s , 535 It the second t h e r e w e r e 1,323 assaults, r e l a t e d c r i m e s , 65 r a p e s , 1,156 larcenies. 76 r e p o r t e d D.C. defined to highest incidences drug- r e p o r t e d r o b b e r i e s , and 1,281 16/ i s crucial t h a t any f a c i l i t y be planned i n such 167 — those market a r e a i s w i t h i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia's First Precinct. extending of P o l i c e Department, P u b l i c I n f o r m a t i o n . a �31 way t h a t p e o p l e f e e l s a f e i n u s i n g problem, i t may be d i f f i c u l t i t . Because of the crime t o house a f a c i l i t y l o c a t i o n w h i c h depends upon e x t e n s i v e night-time i n this usage. �CHAPTER I V P O S S I B L E USES FOR SITE This chapter for considers THE each of the proposed uses t h e l a n d b e n e a t h t h e S o u t h e a s t F r e e w a y a t 8 t h and " I " S.E. T h r e e f a c t o r s h a v e a m a j o r i m p a c t on t h e f e a s i b i l i t y option. option They a r e : (1) (2) (3) community u s a g e p a t t e r n s economic v i a b i l i t y p h y s i c a l c o n s t r a i n t s of the As i n d i c a t e d e a r l i e r , Corporation survey o f community i n 1973 t o d e t e r m i n e r e s i d e n t s f o r use of t h e A t t h a t t i m e f o u r c a t e g o r i e s o f p o t e n t i a l usage were identified: r e c r e a t i o n , c o m m e r c i a l , e d u c a t i o n and day To u p d a t e t h e d a t a the site the Afro-American B i c e n t e n n i a l u n d e r t o o k a community n e e d s and p r e f e r e n c e s land. of each and t o e x p a n d t h e p a r a m e t e r s o f findings, a questionnaire (See A p p e n d i x C) was t h e n d e v e l o p e d by Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t p a t t e r n s o f community administered t o l e a d i n g community t i o n s i n an i n t e r v i e w s i t u a t i o n . the q u e s t i o n n a i r e : Capitol H i l l Gazette, t o d e t e r m i n e usage and groups. organizations This and was institu- Seven groups responded t o the C a p i t o l H i l l Restoration Group M i n i s t r y , M a r k e t Row Society, Associates, S o u t h e a s t E n r i c h m e n t C e n t e r , A r t h u r Capper and F r i e n d s h i p House. care. I n addition t o formal s t r u c t u r e d a r o u n d t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , numerous D.C. Housing interviews informal �i n t e r v i e w s were conducted i n person a c r o s s - s e c t i o n of and by telephone with persons. Respondents t o t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e were asked s u p p l y b a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n on to ten t h e i r o r g a n i z a t i o n s and d e s c r i b e t h e m a r k e t a r e a a t p r e s e n t and y e a r s f r o m now. options i n i t i a l l y Corporation by A f r o - A m e r i c a n f o r use of the s i t e . r e s p o n d e n t was would support as p e r c e i v e d They were p r e s e n t e d w i t h the identified asked to four Bicentennial For each o p t i o n , the i f r e s i d e n t s needed, would u s e , the proposed f a c i l i t i e s . t h e community w e r e i d e n t i f i e d : and F i v e elements r e s i d e n t s to the south of Freeway, r e s i d e n t s to the n o r t h ; Marine/Navy; working residents; v i s i t i n g non-residents. The his support o p i n i o n o f t h e n e e d s , u s a g e and each of t h e s e groups. rank the proposals and Finally, r e s p o n d e n t was respondents i n order of j o i n t again to rank the proposals financial of the nonasked patterns for were asked to use by a l l r e s i d e n t s , i n order of j o i n t use and s u p p o r t by a l l r e s i d e n t s . The l a s t two items are of p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t a p a t t e r n o f p r e f e r e n c e emerged. Of because the seven o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n t e r v i e w e d , s i x s e l e c t e d commercial as f i r s t choice for j o i n t u s a g e by a l l r e s i d e n t s . If first a s c o r i n g system choice equals c h o i c e 2 p o i n t s , and i s a p p l i e d t o t h e c h o i c e s so t h a t 4 p o i n t s , second c h o i c e 3 p o i n t s , t h i r d 4 t h c h o i c e one p o i n t , one can weigh the �options. As d e m o n s t r a t e d b e l o w , commercial i s r a t e d first by a good d e a l ; r e c r e a t i o n i s r a t e d s e c o n d ; day c a r e third and e d u c a t i o n l a s t . 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Choice Choice Choice Choice = = = = 4 3 2 1 points points points point J o i n t Usage ""(Incidence x P o i n t s = S c o r e ) J o i n t Usage and D o l l a r S u p p o r t (Incidence x Points = Score) Commerical Commerical 6 x 4 = 24 1 x 2 = 2 26 p t s . Day C a r e • 3 x 1 = 1 x 3 = 1 x 2 = 1 x 4 = 3 3 2 6 x 4 = 24 1 x 3 = _J_ 27 p t s . Day C a r e 3 1 1 1 4 12 p t s . x 1 = 3 x 4 = 4 x 2 = 2 x 3 = _3 12 p t s . Recreation 4 x 3 = 2 x 2 = 1 x 1 = 12 4 1 17 p t s . Recreation 4 x 3 = 12 3 x 2 = _6 18 p t s . Education 2 x 3 = 2 x 2 = 2 x 1 = 6 4 2 12 p t s . Education 3 x 1 = 2 x 2 = 3 4 _ 7 pts. �Day Care Numerous day care f a c i l i t i e s Capitol H i l l , specifically and a r e used w i t h i n the market a r e a . from the q u e s t i o n n a i r e r e f l e c t o r g a n i z a t i o n s t h a t day exist t h e f e e l i n g by on Results community c a r e on t h e s i t e w o u l d be used by r e s i d e n t s t o t h e n o r t h and south of the Freeway during day, b u t H a l f of the respondents seldom a t n i g h t . t h a t working such a facility f o r day thought n o n - r e s i d e n t s would a l s o a v a i l themselves O n l y one pay the of d u r i n g t h e day, b u t n o t a t n i g h t . respondent f e l t A l l other respondents would were of the opinion t h a t r e s i d e n t s t o t h e s o u t h w o u l d n o t pay b e c a u s e o f limited income and care. r e s i d e n t s to the south t h e a v a i l a b i l i t y o f f r e e day A r t h u r Capper Housing complex. Only r e s i d e n t s to the .of t h e F r e e w a y w o u l d g i v e f i n a n c i a l center. Three w o u l d a l s o pay respondents f o r day A t p r e s e n t day t h e Van Ness S c h o o l , Brethren, and care care w i t h i n the support t o a day commented t h a t w o r k i n g north care non-residents services. care i s provided a t F r i e n d s h i p House, S t . Mark's C h u r c h , t h e C h u r c h o f i n o t h e r p r i v a t e programs. the In addition, 17/ A r t h u r Capper has wide Welfare D.C. a f r e e p r e s c h o o l program,—'The D.C. R i g h t s C h i l d Development C e n t e r , D e p a r t m e n t o f Human R e s o u r c e s , City- f u n d e d by i s scheduled the t o open a f r e e day c a r e p r o g r a m w i t h i n A r t h u r C a p p e r v e r y s o o n . i§/ 17/ D i r e c t o r of R e c r e a t i o n , A r t h u r Capper, P u b l i c Housing. 18/Ms. Mary S m i t h , C h a i r m a n o f D.C. C i t y w i d e W e l f a r e R i g h t s C h i l d Development C e n t e r a t A r t h u r Capper P u b l i c Housing. �In addition, o p e r a t e s an e a r l y a g e s two Capitol H i l l ' s L i t t l e People's c h i l d h o o d p r o g r a m f o r 145 through s i x . The children care costing a.m. i s $27.50 p e r are c e r t i f i e d p.m. children and p e r week w i t h The House r u n s a day years. a sliding c a r e program f o r Parents The accord- t o $22.00 and The The per a $79,000 Welfare tuition. economically integrated. eighty are charged p r o g r a m r u n s on O n l y $22,000 comes f r o m f e e s and Council. program i s mean income of i s about $10,000. Both program a d m i n i s t r a t o r s s u p p o r t , low be 6:30 t h i r t e e n , s e v e n o f whom b u d g e t whose m a j o r s o u r c e i s t h e H e a l t h parents for transportation s c a l e f r o m $1.00 p e r week i s a p p l i e d . and cost program o p e r a t e s from i s s t a f f e d by from ages 3 - 1 0 i n g t o means and socially The and teachers. Friendship child child an a d d i t i o n a l $ 5 . 0 0 . t o 6:30 from program i s c o m p l e t e l y p r i v a t e c a t e r s t o a m i d d l e income p r o f e s s i o n a l m a r k e t . day Paradise income and advised that without m i d d l e income m a r k e t s c o u l d public not served. Even i f the case could and w o u l d s u p p o r t day for l i c e n s i n g and p r e c l u d e use The D.C. be made t h a t t h e c a r e , D i s t r i c t of Columbia c e r t i f i c a t i o n o f day of the community n e e d s care 8th S t . s i t e f o r t h a t facilities may purpose. D e p a r t m e n t o f Human R e s o u r c e s and Department s p e c i f y the regulations following regulations Public f o r day Health care �37 center licensing.— o No room c a n be u s e d f o r h a b i t a t i o n w h i c h does n o t open d i r e c t l y t o o u t s i d e a i r . E v e r y room u s e d f o r s l e e p i n g , e a t i n g and r e c r e a t i o n must h a v e a t l e a s t one window o p e n i n g o n t o a y a r d , court or s t r e e t . No room w h i c h i s more t h a n o n e - t h i r d b e l o w t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e ground may • be u s e d f o r c a r e o f c h i l d r e n . Rooms f o r c h i l d r e n s h o u l d p r e f e r a b l y be l o c a t e d on t h e ground f l o o r . o A sunny s a f e y a r d on p r e m i s e s must be p r o v i d e d o r n e a r b y p a r k o r p l a y g r o u n d . T h i s s p a c e must be f r e e f r o m c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h a r e o r may bd dangerous t c t h e l i f e o r h e a l t h o f c h i l d r e n , and s h o u l d be e x p o s e d t o t h e s u n , w i t h some s h a d e , and a minimum o f 60 s q . f t . p e r c h i l d s h o u l d be a v a i l a b l e . To s u m m a r i z e , w i t h o u t p u b l i c f i n a n c i n g , one can r u l e o u t t h e day c a r e o p t i o n b e c a u s e r e s i d e n t s t o t h e s o u t h h a v e f r e e day c a r e ; M a r i n e s / N a v y and v i s i t i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t s h a v e no u s e f o r i t ; and w o r k i n g n c n - r e s i d e n t s w o u l d u s e pay f o r i t o n l y m i n i m a l l y . Only r e s i d e n t s t o t h e n o r t h would support such a f a c i l i t y . ments may and p r o h i b i t development Moreover, at this District require- location. Education Respondents were agreed almost unanimously t h a t to residents the north of the Freeway, Marines/Navy, working n o n - r e s i d e n t s and v i s i t i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t s w o u l d n o t u s e a manpower t r a i n i n g c e n t e r , an a d u l t e d u c a t i o n p r o g r a m , d u r i n g t h e day o r a t n i g h t . t h e s e community g r o u p s w i l l o r an i n d u s t r i a l a r t s program P e r c e i v e d l a c k o f u s e means t h a t not c o n t r i b u t e f i n a n c i a l l y to such 1 ° / D.C. D e p a r t m e n t o f Human R e s o u r c e s L i c e n s i n g R e q u i r e m e n t s f o r Day C a r e C e n t e r s and D.C. D e p a r t m e n t o f P u b l i c H e a l t h R e q u i r e m e n t s t o be Met by P l a c e s O t h e r T h a n F o s t e r F a m i l y Homes G i v i n g Care to C h i l d r e n , �a facility, While making t h e p r o p o s i t i o n e c o n o m i c a l l y most r e s p o n d e n t s unsound. b e l i e v e d t h a t r e s i d e n t s to the south o f t h e F r e e w a y w o u l d u s e an e d u c a t i o n a l f a c i l i t y , of seven five out added t h a t t h e r e s i d e n t s w o u l d n o t be a b l e o r w i l l i n g t o pay f o r t h e s e r v i c e s . S e v e r a l respondents utilization 20/ Hill. o f t h e many n e i g h b o r h o o d s c h o o l s on C a p i t o l " They e x p r e s s e d a l programs commented on t h e u n d e r - the view t h a t education and recreation- s h o u l d be r u n f r o m t h e s c h o o l s and s h o u l d f r e e or almost free to r e s i d e n t s . These respondents be felt t h a t t h e b u r d e n o f i n c r e a s e d r e c r e a t i o n a l and e d u c a t i o n a l s e r v i c e s s h o u l d be assumed by t h e s c h o o l s y s t e m Department of R e c r e a t i o n . if The s c h o o l s y s t e m n o t e n t i r e l y u n w i l l i n g , t o assume s u c h a and/or t h e i s reluctant, responsibility and t h e R e c r e a t i o n D e p a r t m e n t ' s b u d g e t h a s b e e n c u t d u r i n g the p a s t f i s c a l year. To s u m m a r i z e , t h e M a r i n e s / N a v y , w o r k i n g non- r e s i d e n t s and v i s i t i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t s w o u l d h a v e no u s e f o r the f a c i l i t y . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e s o u t h s i d e r e s i d e n t s who n e e d and w o u l d u s e t h e f a c i l i t y probably w o u l d n o t pay for the education, or, i f they d i d , could a f f o r d only nominal amounts. 2 0/ R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f C a p i t o l H i l l neighboring residents. R e s t o r a t i o n S o c i e t y and �Recreation Six r e c r e a t i o n a l o p t i o n s were c o n s i d e r e d : swimming p o o l , s e n i o r c i t i z e n s c e n t e r , gymnasium, t e n n i s , c o u r t s , b o w l ing alley, and i c e o r r o l l e r s k a t i n g r i n k . o b s e r v e d t h a t no r e c r e a t i o n a l groups o f r e s i d e n t s , c e r t a i n While respondents f a c i l i t y would appeal t o a l l facilities met w i t h greater approval than others. R e p l i e s t o the survey i n d i c a t e t h a t daytime use o f the swimming p o o l w o u l d be l i m i t e d t o t h e summer months end t h a t M a r i n e s / N a v y , n o n - w o r k i n g r e s i d e n t s , and v i s i t i n g r e s i d e n t s would not use i t . a Furthermore, the Natatorium f r e e , year-round indoor pool — t h e r e f o r e , t h a t community I t i s groups would pay t o use a p o o l when t h e r e i s a f r e e p o o l w i t h i n w a l k i n g The s e n i o r c i t i z e n s ' — i s l o c a t e d a t 7 t h and N o r t h C a r o l i n a A v e . , a b o u t 10 m i n u t e s ' w a l k f r o m t h e s i t e . unlikely, non- distance. c e n t e r was r e j e c t e d a l m o s t unanimous- l y b y r e s p o n d e n t s , who n o t e d t h a t M a r i n e s / N a v y , w o r k i n g nonresidents, and v i s i t i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t s w o u l d h a v e no u s e f o r such s e r v i c e s support. to and o b v i o u s l y w o u l d n o t g i v e them financial Two r e s p o n d e n t s w e r e o f t h e o p i n i o n t h a t t h e n o r t h w o u l d u s e and w o u l d p a y f o r a c e n t e r . residents Three respondents s a i d t h a t r e s i d e n t s t o t h e south would a l s o use the c e n t e r , b u t a l l b u t one added t h a t t h i s a non-paying b a s i s . u s e w o u l d be on I t s h o u l d be remembered t h a t south o f t h e Freeway w i l l h a v e l e s s need o f s u c h a residents facility �40. when t h e ] a r g e s e n i o r c i t i z e n facilities Authority residence i s c o m p l e t e d by t h e N a t i o n a l with comprehensive C a p i t a l Housing i n 1976. W h i l e most r e s p o n d e n t s a g r e e t h a t a gymnasium w o u l d be u s e d by most e l e m e n t s i n t h e community, i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t a gym c o u l d be a p a y i n g p r o p o s i t i o n . Marines a r e providing The a gymnasium w i t h i n t h e i r new Barracks. t h r e e most p o p u l a r r e c r e a t i o n a l p r e f e r e n c e t e n n i s , b o w l i n g and s k a t i n g — problems. I n addition, the present several significant B o w l i n g and r o l l e r s k a t i n g a r e p e r c e i v e d oriented sports with residents. little Conversely, — as B l a c k - appeal t o t h e White north side t e n n i s i s seen as a White s p o r t , which might provoke a h o s t i l e r e a c t i o n from B l a c k one residents to the south. I n a d d i t i o n , c o s t and s p a c e l i m i t a t i o n s m i g h t r u l e out these recreational options. The cost of indoor t e n n i s would preclude to the south of the Freeway. would not use t h e f a c i l i t y by r e s i d e n t s to the north degree — u s e by r e s i d e n t s Marines/Navy, working during during t h e day. non-residents I t w o u l d be s u p p o r t e d t h e day a n d - - t o a l i m i t e d by t h e M a r i n e s / N a v y , w o r k i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t s , v i s i t i n g non-residents at night. Commercially operated indoor tennis f a c i l i t i e s a minimum o f s i x c o u r t s They h a v e v e r y h i g h a day. require 21/ i n o r d e r t o be f i n a n c i a l l y v i a b l e . operating Normally, these and c o s t s , r e q u i r i n g u s a g e o f 18 h o u r s facilities 21/ Manager, C a b i n J o h n T e n n i s F a i r f a x Racket Club. are located i n neighborhoods C l u b , Washington, D.C; Manager, �w i t h above a v e r a g e i n c o m e s w h e r e h o u r l y r a t e s o f $7-16 ing t o t i m e o f d a y ) c a n be charged. A v a i l a b l e space a t the proposed o n l y two courts. (accord- s i t e w o u l d accommodate Moreover, t e n n i s c o u r t s r e q u i r e a t l e a s t f e e t of over-head space; the proposed s i t e can o f f e r o n l y 40 22 feet. A bowling a l l e y , the to o t h e r most a t t r a c t i v e r e c r e a t i o n a l p r o s p e c t s t o respondents t h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e , w i t h a s l i g h t edge b e i n g g i v e n t o t h e bowling a l l e y . be i c e s k a t i n g r i n k , and r o l l e r r i n k w e r e While daytime limited, especially use of t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s among t h e M a r i n e s / N a v y , would working non- r e s i d e n t and v i s i t i n g n o n - r e s i d e n t p o p u l a t i o n s , n i g h t - t i m e u s e w o u l d be all considerably greater. Most r e s p o n d e n t s community t y p e s w o u l d u s e and pay To be felt that for recreation. s u c c e s s f u l , a bowling a l l e y facility must h a v e 22/ a minimum o f 16 l a n e s and, p r e f e r a b l y , a t l e a s t 24 lanes. The facility as same number o f e m p l o y e e s c a n o p e r a t e a 2 4 - l a n e easily as- a 1 6 - l a n e a l l e y . F o r 16 l a n e s , an u n o b s t r u c t e d a r e a 142' x 92' i s n e c e s s a r y ; a 142' for 24 l a n e s . feet, With Freeway (see Chapter V I ) . 75 M o r e o v e r , a minimum o f P a r k i n g a t the s i t e could not p r o v i d e d f r e e s i n c e an e x p e n s i v e u n d e r g r o u n d required space i s r e q u i r e d s u p p o r t columns s p a c e d e v e r y such space i s not a v a i l a b l e . parking spaces i s required. x 138' 160 be f a c i l i t y would Experience with existing c e n t e r s i n the Washington m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a i n d i c a t e s be bowling that 22/ Bowl A m e r i c a , V i c e P r e s i d e n t , M a r k e t i n g ; N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l Area Bowling A s s o c i a t i o n , Executive D i r e c t o r . �patrons a r e not w i l l i n g bowling facilities t o pay for parking since there i n shopping c e n t e r s w i t h f r e e B e s i d e s space r e s t r i c t i o n s , alleys — ed. approximately the high $20,000 p e r l a n e — I n t h e p a s t 10 y e a r s , a l m o s t are parking. cost of bowling must a l s o be a l l e x i s t i n g bowling consider- alleys i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia have c l o s e d owing t o the h i g h o f l e a s e d s p a c e as w e l l as t h e d i f f i c u l t y all new of p a r k i n g . cost Almost c e n t e r s are being b u i l t w i t h i n a one-mile r a d i u s of the C a p i t a l Beltway and w i t h i n s h o p p i n g c e n t e r s w h i c h l o w e r - c o s t g r o u n d l e a s e s and L i k e w i s e , s p a c e and development of the s i t e ample p a r k i n g . c o s t p r o b l e m s s t a n d i n t h e way f o r an i c e s k a t i n g r i n k . c o m p e t i t i v e i c e r i n k r e q u i r e s 85' x 200' impossible offer A standard of unobstructed given the l i m i t a t i o n s of the s i t e . of As w i t h space, bowling, t h e l a c k o f ample f r e e p a r k i n g p o s e s a m a j o r o b s t a c l e . s k a t i n g r i n k s have e x c e p t i o n a l l y high o p e r a t i n g c o s t s Ice and, t h e r e f o r e , a r e g e n e r a l l y l o c a t e d i n a b o v e - a v e r a g e income neighborhoods. A t one r i n k i n the Washington metropolitan a r e a , t h e s e c o s t s r u n a b o u t $25,000 p e r month, n e c e s s i t a t i n g 23/ charges o f a b o u t $1.95 A roller mainly and is has per s k a t e r . s k a t i n g r i n k seems more f e a s i b l e a t t h e because i t i s a popular relatively ample and s p o r t w i t h lower-income low o p e r a t i n g c o s t s . 24/ no p a r k i n g i s r e q u i r e d T " adapted to the Fr-eway support persons A s p a c e o f 100' (The s p a c e c o u l d site, x 200' be c o l u m n s , so t h a t i t i s i n t h e s h a p e o f a l a r g e o v a l doughnut w i t h c o l u m n s b e i n g i n t h e 23/ Manager, I c e R i n k s , I n c . , W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 24/ Manager, N a t i o n a l R o l l e r S k a t i n g R i n k , W a s h i n g t o n , D.C; V i c e P r e s i d e n t , C h i c a g o R o l l e r S k a t e Company. �43. "doughnut h o l e " i n t h e center.) However, t h e p r i n c i p a l rink i n operation o f C o l u m b i a , l o c a t e d a t 1 7 t h S t . and b u s i n e s s has f a l l e n o f f , due t h e s u b u r b s and h a s been p a r t i c u l a r l y h a r d on t o be K a l o r a m a Rd., to competition the p r e s e n t adverse i n the reports that f r o m new rinks economic s i t u a t i o n , i t s low income p a t r o n s . s q . f t . As d e v e l o p e d a t t h a t low Moreover, w i t h t h e g r e a t e s t u s a g e and proposed r e c r e a t i o n a l support a r e a r o l l e r r i n k and/or bowling of the s i t e r u l e out bowling, by alley. and facilities a l l community e l e m e n t s Spatial limitations r o l l e r s k a t i n g does n o t to have s t r o n g market p o t e n t i a l , g i v e n the r e l a t i v e l y development c o s t of the proposed s i t e . the high a s an o p t i o n . almost w o u l d be nearby. no could a cost. I n summary, t h e two and which explained i n C h a p t e r V I , i t i s d o u b t f u l t h a t the s i t e under r e v i e w and in competitive, r o l l e r skating rink construction costs g e n e r a l l y cannot exceed $10-11 per be District f e e s w h i c h must be Physical appear high limitations charged e l i m i n a t e indoor tennis A s e n i o r c i t i z e n s c e n t e r would r e c e i v e l i t t l e financial support. u s e d o n l y s e a s o n a l l y , and A gymnasium and free f a c i l i t i e s swimming are use pool available �Commercial A commercial f a c i l i t y h a s one' advantage- o v e r o t h e r options i n t h a t a l l respondents understand t h a t i t cannot r e l y on p u b l i c funding f o r support. look to the question which requests Therefore, one must information on usage t o d e t e r m i n e w h i c h among t h e p r o p o s e d o p t i o n s w o u l d most u s e d . W h i l e most r e s p o n d e n t s v o i c e d a supermarket f o r the s i t e , are a c t i v e l y exploring be a preference for and s e v e r a l m a j o r f o o d c h a i n s 25/ the t o t a l market p o t e n t i a l , data r e v e a l s t h a t most e l e m e n t s i n t h e community w o u l d u s e a d r u g s t o r e more f r e q u e n t l y option with there l e a s t preference are three divided i n the immediate area. commercial because Respondents have restaurant. on t h e t y p e o f goods o f f e r e d a t a v a r i e t y s t o r e , respondents w i t h d i f f e r e n t preferences felt i twill be more used. The s u c c e s s ele The i s a hardware s t o r e f e e l i n g s about a v a r i e t y s t o r e o r Depending or l e s s than a grocery s t o r e . i t tries o f a movie t h e a t r e w i l l t o draw. depend on t h e Respondents b e l i e v e d by t h e e n t i r e community a t n i g h t . i t w o u l d be could Ave. with revealed n o t depend on t h e i m m e d i a t e C a p i t o l community f o r s u c c e s s . h a s f o r two y e a r s . used However, an i n t e r v i e w t h e manager o f t h e Penn T h e a t r e on P e n n s y l v a n i a that a theatre client- The Penn r u n s "X" r a t e d m o v i e s Hill and I t depends a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y on t r a n s i e n t s 25/ Safeway S t o r e s , P u b l i c R e l a t i o n s Foods, R e a l E s t a t e S e c t i o n . Representative; Giant �45 for support. S e c o n d r u n and f a m i l y m o v i e s attracted o n l y 50 o r 60 movie g o e r s p e r day a t $2.00 - $2.50 p e r ticket. or run The manager o f t h e Penn s a i d e i t h e r "X" " B l a c k " movies would support the t h e a t r e . t h e a t r e s i n prime l o c a t i o n s i n Washington rated Even first are barely b r e a k i n g even. B e c a u s e n i g h t c l u b s , r e s t a u r a n t s and b a r s on 8 t h S t . a t t r a c t a homosexual a r e s t a u r a n t may c l i e n t e l e , the success or f a i l u r e be d e t e r m i n e d by i t s u s a g e by R e s t a u r a n t s and b a r s t e n d t o be e i t h e r and s e l d o m a r e m i x e d . of homosexuals. "gay" o r "straight" T h e r e f o r e , a r e s t a u r a n t e u r must be p r e p a r e d t o s e r v e o n l y a homosexual c l i e n t e l e or exclude 26/ f r o m t h i s m a r k e t much o f t h e 8 t h S t r e e t n i g h t - t i m e crowd.-^— T h i s f a c t s h o u l d a l s o be k e p t i n mind when e s t i m a t i n g t h e n i g h t - t i m e market f o r the r e c r e a t i o n a l facility. Parking The M a r i n e c o m p l e x a t 8 t h and " I " S t r e e t s c a n n o t now p r o v i d e s u f f i c i e n t p a r k i n g f o r i t s r e s i d e n t s and commuting employees. W h i l e t h e new Barracks w i l l h a v e 250 underground p a r k i n g spaces, Marine planners p r e d i c t t h a t a d e f i c i t 150 t o 200 s p a c e s w i l l remain. of A t p r e s e n t , M a r i n e s p a r k on n e a r b y r e s i d e n t i a l s t r e e t s , and t h i s h a s b r o u g h t c o m p l a i n t s f r o m n e i g h b o r s who are unable to park i n f r o n t of or near t h e i r homes, a w o r r i s o m e s i t u a t i o n i n v i e w o f t h e p e r c e i v e d ^ / R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of M a r k e t Row A s s o c i a t i o n and Group M i n o r i t y . �high crime rate. T h i s c o n d i t i o n has caused i n M a r i n e - c o m m u n i t y r e l a t i o n s and i s one r e a s o n Marine's d e s i r e to difficulty f o r the develop a d d i t i o n a l p a r k i n g . The g e n e r a l c o n c l u s i o n emerges f r o m a s a m p l i n g community o p i n i o n retail and p r e f e r e n c e s t h a t d e v e l o p m e n t f o r t r a d e i s t h e most p r o m i s i n g option t h e two c h a p t e r s w h i c h f o l l o w , t h i s o p t i o n more detail. of to pursue. In i s explored i n �CHAPTER V THE R E T A I L MARKET AT THE SITE i 1. The T r a d e A r e a An a n a l y s i s o f t h e f e a s i b i l i t y facility of a commercial beneath the Southeast Freeway begins w i t h the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of the market t r a d i n g a r e a from w h i c h t h e proposed f a c i l i t y would o b t a i n the major p o r t i o n of continuing patronage. the The p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a " w a l k - i n " neighborhood includes contiguous to the s i t e plus s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a s which have d a i l y c o n v e n i e n c e s t o r e s c l o s e r than the s i t e . I n an u r b a n s e t t i n g w h e r e t r a f f i c c o n g e s t i o n and p a r k i n g i s a p r o b l e m , t h i s primary trading a r e a f o r c o n v e n i e n c e i t e m s and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s to i s likely include the population w i t h i n ten minutes' w a l k i n g • d i s t a n c e from t h e s i t e . parts of T r a c t s May no ( S e e Map T h i s would i n c l u d e T r a c t 70, 7 1 and 72 o f t h e 1970 D.C. Census and Tract 1) The s e c o n d a r y t r a d i n g a r e a i n c l u d e s t h a t a r e a w h i c h may have l o c a l c o n v e n i e n c e s t o r e s but from which the c o m m e r c i a l f a c i l i t y may of better services, be a b l e t o a t t r a c t b u s i n e s s b e c a u s e s p e c i f i c types of merchandise p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e i t e m s , and q u a l i t y o f f a c i l i t i e s . d i s t a n c e c a n be review. 10-20 T h i s would and T r a c t s proposed and Walking minutes i n the case of the s i t e i n c l u d e the balance of T r a c t s 6 5 , 66, 67 and 69 (See Map 1 ) . under 7 1 and 72 ��Making a l l o w a n c e s f o r competing commercial a r e a s , p e d e s t r i a n s a f e t y , and t r a f f i c p a t t e r n s , t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a has been d e f i n e d t o i n c l u d e those p o r t i o n s o f T r a c t s 71 and 72 w i t h i n t h e 10-20 m i n u t e r a d i u s . w o u l d be more c o n v e n i e n t than a r e e x i s t i n g The l i v i n g i n these areas commercial areas. secondary include Tracts t o persons The p r o p o s e d s i t e trading area i s therefore defined to 6 5 , 66, 67 and 69. s e r v e d by t h e e x i s t i n g This area i s conveniently P e n n s y l v a n i a Ave. commercial corridor; t h e r e f o r e , t h e p r o p o s e d s i t e c a n r e l y on t h e s e c o n d a r y market f o r only a very s m a l l source of r e t a i l trade. A t h i r d component o f t h e t o t a l m a r k e t t r a d i n g a r e a i s the t r a n s i t population c o n s i s t i n g p r i m a r i l y o f non-resident e m p l o y e e s o f t h e W a s h i n g t o n Navy Y a r d and t h e M a r i n e B a r r a c k s .as w e l l a s n i g h t - l i f e p a t r o n s o f l o c a l There are approximately a t t r a c t e d to the primary r e s t a u r a n t s and b a r s . 6,000 - 7,000 n o n - r e s i d e n t t r a d i n g a r e a d u r i n g weekdays. d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e on t h e number o f n o n - r e s i d e n t s to local night-life; i n any e v e n t t h e proposed f a c i l i t y would not n e c e s s a r i l y seek 2. Trade Area Population and B u y i n g .Power 11,687. trading area attracted commercial to cultivate t h a t market. the t o t a l population of the (Census T r a c t s T h i s represented a decrease f r o m t h e 1960 C e n s u s c o u n t No Characteristics I n t h e 1970 C e n s u s c o u n t , primary employees 7 0 , 7 1 , and 72) was o f almost 4,000 persons (see Appendix C - Table 1 ) . The �Black p o p u l a t i o n r e p r e s e n t e d 83% o f t h e t o t a l C e n s u s T r a c t 70 e x p e r i e n c e d population. the l a r g e s t p o p u l a t i o n G e n e r a l l y , i n t h i s neighborhood, r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e lower income h o u s e h o l d s h a v e b e e n r e p l a c e d by s m a l l e r income h o u s e h o l d s who The purchase t h e number o f f e m a l e s t i o n , which being tracts t h e median age 10-14 class a l s o l o w e r t h a n t h e age and females The larger Overall, popula- A l s o , t h e median 71 and years, respectively. (20-24 class than f o r t h e D i s t r i c t ; many o f a r e heads of f a m i l i e s . y e a r s and structures. r e p r e s e n t e d 55% o f t h e t o t a l f o r m a l e s i s low i n C e n s u s T r a c t s 15-19 middle- i n C e n s u s T r a c t 70. equals the average these females class r e s t o r e the female p o p u l a t i o n i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y the male p o p u l a t i o n , e x c e p t age and losses. 72, I n these y e a r s ) f o r females i s (25-34 y e a r s ) f o r both males i n T r a c t 70, length of r e s i d e n c y i n the area f o r persons over 5 y e a r s o l d g i v e s some i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e d e g r e e o f permanency of the r e s i d e n t p o p u l a t i o n . I n 1970, approximately 48% t h e a r e a p o p u l a t i o n had l i v e d i n t h e same h o u s e f o r a t 5 years. 30% o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n had I n 1960, only t h e same h o u s e f o r 5 y e a r s o r more. s t a b l e and T r a c t 7 1 was T r a c t 72 was the l e a s t s t a b l e . t h e most Most o f t h e o f new least lived in r e s i d e n t s came f r o m o t h e r p a r t s o f W a s h i n g t o n , D.C, f o r T r a c t 70, w h e r e t h e l a r g e s t p e r c e n t a g e of new except residents �came f r o m o u t s i d e t h e W a s h i n g t o n D.C. Appendix Table I n 1970 S.M.S.A., (See II). t h e r e w e r e 3,436 h o u s e h o l d s i n t h e trading area with unit s i z e ranging T r a c t 70 t o 3.59 persons f r o m 2.66 primary persons in A l m o s t 1,000 The one-person households. i n T r a c t 71. households were remaining were f a m i l y households of which 47% w e r e h u s b a n d - w i f e families. However, i n T r a c t 72, o n l y 32% w e r e h u s b a n d - w i f e families, r e f l e c t i n g the u n u s u a l l y high percentage households i n t h i s these households, tract of female head of (see Appendix C - Table I I I ) . an a d d i t i o n a l 444 persons Besides l i v e d i n group q u a r t e r s assigned to the Marine B a r r a c k s . Housing s t a t i s t i c s summarized i n T a b l e I V . d e c l i n e d by 473 t r a d i n g area are number o f o c c u p i e d units 12% d u r i n g t h e 1960-70 p e r i o d . o c c u r r e d i n T r a c t 70. The m a j o r i t y u n i t s i n the t r a d i n g area are renter-occupied; i n T r a c t 72 a l m o s t v a l u e s and The u n i t s o r by Most o f t h i s a t t r i t i o n of the housing f o r the primary a l l u n i t s are rented. Medium p r o p e r t y r e n t a l rates rose s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n T r a c t 70' i n t h e 1960-70 p e r i o d b u t t h e r e was little change i n t h e s e during t h i s period i n Tracts 71 and 72. variables F i n a l l y , the data i n d i c a t e t h a t s i n g l e - f a m i l y r e s i d e n c e s predominate i n T r a c t 70. Compared t o T r a c t 70, h o u s i n g h i g h e r i n T r a c t 71 and especially unit density i s significantly i n T r a c t 72. �Estimated buying a r e a i s shown i n T a b l e income f o r t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g 1. The t a b l e i n d i c a t e s that r e s i d e n t s l i v i n g w i t h i n walking distance (generally the 10-minute r a d i u s ) earned roughly ( i n 1972 p r i c e s ) w h i c h a f t e r $31 m i l . i n g r o s s income taxes l e f t estimated income e q u a l t o a p p r o x i m a t e l y buying $26-27 m i l . T h e s e income e s t i m a t e s w e r e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e 1970 Census data f o r each Census T r a c t i n t h e primary area. tradirg C e n s u s d a t a r e p o r t s income a s o f 1969; t h e s e were i n f l a t e d t o 1972 income l e v e l s by u s i n g t h e U.S. figures overall i n c r e a s e i n t o t a l p e r s o n a l income f o r t n e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a , w h i c h was 26% o v e r t h e 1969-72 p e r i o d . adjustment The assumes, t h e r e f o r e , t h a t the p o p u l a t i o n of the a r e a d i d n o t change o v e r t h e 1969-72 p e r i o d . In fact,there p r o b a b l y was some p o p u l a t i o n a t t r i t i o n b u t t h i s may be set off- by t h e i n c r e a s e i n r e a l median income w h i c h t o o k p l a c e a t t h e same t i m e . In a d d i t i o n t o buying income g e n e r a t e d by of the t r a d i n g area, there are approximately residents 6,000 persons who work w e e k d a y s a t t h e W a s h i n g t o n Navy Y a r d and M a r i n e Barracks. A v e r a g e income o f t h e s e e m p l o y e e s was some $10,000 i n 1 9 7 2 , g i v i n g t o t a l buying of t h i s income o f $60 m i l . and e s t i m a t e d income o f $51.6 m i l . O b v i o u s l y , o n l y a s m a l l s h a r e income c o u l d be c a p t u r e d by c o m m e r c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t �TABLE 1 . ESTIMATED BUYING INCOME OF RESIDENTS OF MARKET AREA. Tract 7 0 $ Mean # Income T r a c t 71 $ Mean Income # # T r a c t 72 $ Mean Income Families 549 $10,981 888 $ 6,590 924 939 6,106 436 2,788 449 Tracts $5,021 Individuals All 2,769 T o t a l Income 1969 $ 11,762,103 7 change i n » Total Personal Income D.C. 1969-72 T o t a l Income 1972 Estimated Buying . Income & $ 7,067,493 $ 5,882,685 • $ 24,712,281 • 26% 267. 267. $ 14,820,250 $ 8,905,041 $ 7,412,183 $ 31,137,474 $ 12,745,415 $ 7,658,335 $ 6,374,477 $ 26,778,227 S o u r c e : U.S. B u r e a u o f t h e C e n s u s : 1970 C e n s u s o f P o p u l a t i o n a n d B o u s i n g , C e n s u s T r a c t s , W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. SMSA; S a l e s Management, S u r v e y o f C u r r e n t B u y i n g Power, J u l y 1 9 7 3 cr E s t i m a t e d b u y i n g income -- income f r o m wages and s a l a r i e s and i n t e r e s t a n d d i v i d e n d s and p r o f i t s and p r o p e r t y income and income i n k i n d and i m p u t e d r e n t o f owner — o c c u p i e d homes m i n u s p e r s o n a l income t a x e s . �a t the site. Only a f r a c t i o n o f the e s t i m a t e d buying r e s i d e n t s of the primary business establishments area. t r a d e a r e a w o u l d be s p e n t p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e and w i l l f o r major purchases. of t h e i r buying travel greater distances N o r m a l l y , c o n s u m e r s s p e n d a b o u t 25-30% s t o r e i t e m s , some g e n e r a l m e r c h a n d i s e ) and ( b a r b e r shop, b e a u t y s a l o n ) . sales t h i s d i s t r i b u t i o n c o u l d be primary Table 2 (food,.drug personal g i v e s the services percentage f o r the D i s t r i c t of Columbia; expected to apply equally to the trade area. T h e r e f o r e , on t h e b a s i s o f e s t i m a t e d b u y i n g $27 trade f o r convenience income f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods d i s t r i b u t i o n of r e t a i l at l o c a t e d w i t h i n the primary G e n e r a l l y , c o n s u m e r s shop l o c a l l y goods and income o f m i l . , roughly $8 m i l . ( 3 0 % ) c o u l d be captured b u s i n e s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o p e r a t i n g i n the primary income o f by trading area. �TABLE 2. DISTRIBUTION OF RETAIL SALES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, SELECTED YEARS ( i n percentage form) 1967 1970 1973 14.7 (11.3) 15.5 (12.4) 17.1 (14.6) 12.6 13.3 15.2 19.7 (14.6) 17.7 (13.3) 13..8 (12.4) Apparel 9.6 7.6 8.5 F u r n i t u r e Household appliances Home f u r n i s h i n g s 5.8 5.9 3.6 5.3 3.4 12.9 11.5 9.5 Gas s t a t i o n s 4.6 4.9 5.9 Lumber B l d g . Hardware 1.7 1.7 1.8 Drug 6.0 6.4 5.9 Other 14.4 11.9 13.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 Food Supermarkets Eating & drinking places G e n e r a l merchandise Department S t o r e s Automotive Total Source: S a l e s Management, Survey o f C u r r e n t Buying Power, ( S e l e c t e d Y e a r s ) . �5C 3. Competition The primary Within the Trading p r i n c i p a l e x i s t i n g commercial area w i t h i n the t r a d i n g area i s l o c a t e d along P e n n s y l v a n i a Ave. and " I " S t . T a b l e estimated this retail corridor. trade 3 summarizes t h e i n the a r e a , thus i n c l u d i n g number o f e m p l o y e e s o f s a l e s made t o r e s i d e n t s o f t h e p r i m a r y area. c a l c u l a t e d by u s i n g an e m p l o y e e / s a l e s U.S. along obtaining,data E s t i m a t e d t o t a l s a l e s volume f o r e a c h was located T h e s e d a t a w e r e o b t a i n e d by s u r v e y i n g a l l about each f i r m ' s o p e r a t i o n s percentage 8 t h S t . between s a l e s volume o f b u s i n e s s e s business establishments and Area Census d a t a f o r t h e D i s t r i c t 1972, establishment ratio derived from o f Columbia as a whole i n b r o k e n down by t y p e o f r e t a i l s a l e s and s e r v i c e business (See A p p e n d i x C, T a b l e V ) . Table generate 3 indicates that l o c a l business approximately $6.9 m i l l i o n establishments i n gross s a l e s annually, o f w h i c h $2.7 m i l l i o n i s t o r e s i d e n t s o f t h e p r i m a r y area. Roughly 15% o f gross s a l e s a r e by s e r v i c e - r e l a t e d b u s i n e s s e s , t h e r e s t b e i n g by r e t a i l B u s i n e s s c o n d i t i o n s have stagnated the trade trade businesses. i n recent years along 8 t h S t . c o m m e r c i a l c o r r i d o r , and t h e s e e s t i m a t e s o f a n n u a l sales reflect t h e g e n e r a l l e v e l o f b u s i n e s s volume i n r e c e n t years. The f o l l o w i n g r e s u l t s emerge f r o m t h e d e r i v a t i o n o f �57 TABLE 3. 8TII STRE ET COMMERC I AI. CORRIDOR: EST'] MATED TOTAL SALES OF ESTAIihISIIMENTS AND ESTIMATED SALES TO RESIDENTS IN MARKET AREAS Total Retail Receipts Service Sales Sales i n Primary $ 6,523,939 $2,354,345 399,509 344,249 Receipts I Total Sources: $ 6,923,448 $ 2,698,594 Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s : 8 t h S t r e e t Commercial Survey; and U.S. Bureau o f the Census, 1972 Census o f B u s i n e s s R e t a i l Trade and S e l e c t e d S e r v i c e s , D.C. Market Area �estimated buying of l o c a l income i n S e c t i o n 2 above and t h e e s t i m a t e s competitive r e t a i l s a l e s made above (Table 3 ) : Primary Trading Area (in million of dollars) E s t i m a t e d b u y i n g income a v a i l a b l e f o r p u r c h a s e o f c o n v e n i e n c e goods and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e i t e m s P r i n c i p a l competitors' sales (local) $8.0 retail 2.7 $5.3 These r e s u l t s suggest t h a t many r e s i d e n t s a r e g o i n g t h e i r l o c a l neighborhoods t o purchase t h a t there i s consequently with results items and a s u b s t a n t i a l p o t e n t i a l market f o r these items w i t h i n t h e primary corresponds convenience out o f trade area. This conclusion f o u n d i n o u r community Many r e s i d e n t s o f t h e a r e a a r e d i s c o u r a g e d f r o m interviews. shopping a l o n g t h e 8 t h S t . c o r r i d o r because o f i t s low q u a l i t y and o f t e n p r e f e r t o shop o u t s i d e o f t h e community r e l a t e d reasons. which homes. f o r crime- I n a d d i t i o n , c e r t a i n goods a n d s e r v i c e s t h e y may w i s h t o p u r c h a s e a r e not a v a i l a b l e near N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e g e n e r a l upgrading has o c c u r r e d i n r e c e n t y e a r s — of the area t h a t t o g e t h e r w i t h an a t t r a c t i v e commercial f a c i l i t y a t t h e proposed s i t e — a good s h a r e o f b u y i n g their could recapture income p r e s e n t l y b e i n g d i v e r t e d f r o m f r o m t h e community b a c k t o t h e a r e a . �59 4. Prospects for Future Information gathered and Growth from r e s i d e n t s , b u s i n e s s persons community g r o u p s i n t h e a r e a and w i t h o f f i c i a l s D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a Government and statistics Education slightly i n the market a r e a w i l l i n t h e n e x t few y e a r s and large population expected l o s s e s which occurred to continue. Data provided show t h a t s c h o o l e n r o l l m e n t i n the immediate f u t u r e . c o n s t r u c t i o n o f more l a r g e h o u s i n g c o n s i d e r i n g t h e age population, i n 1970, t h e median age especially continue stabilize thereafter. i n the by to decline t h e D.C. Board i s expected to decline a l r e a d y i n the p r o j e c t s i s not d i s t r i b u t i o n of the not of the area, expected. existing c l a s s w i l l become o l d e r t h a n i t was i n C e n s u s T r a c t 72 when some o f t h e Capper p u b l i c h o u s i n g The I960's are Moreover, because of high c o n c e n t r a t i o n of p u b l i c housing Finally, available p o i n t to the g e n e r a l c o n c l u s i o n t h a t o v e r a l l resident population slightly an a n a l y s i s o f i n the u n i t s are converted i n t o housing Arthur f o r the elderly. P o p u l a t i o n p r o j e c t i o n s f o r 1976 f o r the primary trading area i n Table 4. and The 1992 first shown i n t h e t a b l e i s b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s p r e p a r e d and r e v i s e d i n 1974 o f Governments by (COG). the M e t r o p o l i t a n The e x t r a p o l a t i o n of population i n each T r a c t . The are method in Washington t h i r d method i s b a s e d on 1969 Council s e c o n d method i s b a s e d on c h a n g e s b e t w e e n 1960 given and an 1970 an e x t r a p o l a t i o n �TABLE 4. POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1976 and 1992 Census T r a c t s 0070 0071 0072 A l l Tracts Census Population I960 1970 5,973 3,133 4,029 4,265 5,551 4,290 15,553 11,688 Method I : COG Projections 1976 1992 2,955 3,579 3,777 4,880 4,090 5,173 10,822 ' 13,632 Method I I : Rate of Change i n T r a c t s 1960-1970 1976 1992 2,986 2,845 4,293 4,321 4,191 4,094 11,470 11,260 Method I I I : Rate of Change i n D.C. 1976 1992 2,970 2,598 4,043 3,537 4,066 3,557 11,079 9,692 Average of Three Methods 1976 1992 2,970 3,007 4,037 4,246 4,116 4,275 11,123 11,528 Sources: Roy L i t t l e j o h n Associates; Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. �o f S a l e s Management e s t i m a t e s 1970 t o 1973 population of these t i o n by of population i n W a s h i n g t o n D.C. i n the In this change f r o m interval D i s t r i c t d e c r e a s e d 2.64%. the The average t h r e e methods s u g g e s t s a s m a l l d e c l i n e i n p o p u l a 1976 and 1992 but t h a n t h a t b e t w e e n 1960 a much l e s s p r e c i p i t o u s and Household p r o j e c t i o n s drop 1970. f o r 1976 are given i n Table T h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e methods w e r e u s e d t o p r o j e c t t h e of households i n each T r a c t . estimated f r o m t h e COG e x t r a p o l a t i o n of the the D i s t r i c t ment. The study. f i r s t f i g u r e s are those f r o m 1970 t o 1973 as r e p o r t e d i n S a l e s Manage- t h e number o f h o u s e h o l d s i n annually. The t h i r d method was population p r o j e c t i o n s , d i v i d e d by A l l three estimates an 2.9% o r by the about average of the 0.7% three average household f o r 1976 and i n c r e a s e s i n t h e number o f h o u s e h o l d s o v e r 1992 t h e Navy Y a r d w i t h COG and and estimates size y i e l d modest 1970. Employment p r o j e c t i o n s f o r t h e p r i m a r y t r a d e b a s e d p r i m a r i l y on an change i n t h e number o f h o u s e h o l d s i n In this period, 1970. number Method I I i s b a s e d on D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a i n c r e a s e d by in 5. area of the working population Marine B a r r a c k s . Navy e s t i m a t e s , M e t r o p r o j e c t i o n s i n d i c a t e t h a t no are at along significant change i s e x p e c t e d . The s t r e n g t h o f m a r k e t demand f o r r e t a i l proposed s i t e i s b a s e d f u n d a m e n t a l l y on trade at the e x i s t i n g the surplus �TABLE 5. HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS 1976 and 1992 i Census T r a c t s 007 0 0071 0072 Census Households 1970 1,005 1,139 1,161 3,305 Method I : COG 1976 1992 1,102 1,296 1,240 1,458 1,285 1,512 3,627 4,266 1,021 1,064 1,156 1,206 1,179 1,229 3,356 3,499 1,117 1,130 2.66 1,125 1,183 3.59 1,169 1,214 3.52 3,411 3,527 1,080 1,163 1,174 1,282 1,211 1,318 3,465 3,763 Method I I : 1976 1992 A l l Tracts Projections Change i n D.C. Method I I I : Average of P o p u l a t i o n P r o j e c t i o n s to Average Household S i z e 1970 1976 1992 (Persons/Household: 1970) Average of Methods 1976 1992 Sources: Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s ; M e t r o p o l i t a n Washington of Governments. Council �b u y i n g income o f r e s i d e n t s i n t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a . r e s i d e n t s now purchase the major share of t h e i r These convenience goods and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s o u t s i d e o f t h e community. While h o u s e h o l d income c a n be e x p e c t e d t o i n c r e a s e a s more m i d d l e income h o u s e h o l d s r e p l a c e low income h o u s e h o l d s , in Tract 70, no s u b s t a n t i a l i n c r e a s e i n b u y i n g income c a n e x p e c t e d from p o p u l a t i o n growth. the proposed Commercial development be at s i t e must be g e a r e d t o w a r d c a p t u r i n g a , g r e a t e r share of r e s i d e n t s ' personal especially service. e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods and �CHAPTER V I PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT < AT THE S I T E 1• Project Description From an a n a l y s i s o f a v a i l a b l e d a t a and s u b s t a n t i a l community i n t e r v i e w i n g , i t a p p e a r s t h a t t h e h i g h e s t a n d b e s t u s e f o r t h e s i t e w o u l d be a n e i g h b o r h o o d shopping facility. D e v e l o p m e n t s h o u l d be g e a r e d t o w a r d s e r v i n g p r i m a r i l y t h e r e s i d e n t s o f C e n s u s T r a c t s 70, 7 1 , and 72 who l i v e w i t h i n walking mainly would distance of the s i t e . employees o f t h e Navy Y a r d a l s o be s e r v e d . approximately The n o n - r e s i d e n t population and M a r i n e B a r r a c k s The s h o p p i n g f a c i l i t y would 42,700 s q . f t . o f c o m m e r c i a l s p a c e — — provide (gross • l e a s a b l e a r e a ) , i n c l u d i n g a food s t o r e and/or drug store t o g e t h e r w i t h g e n e r a l m e r c h a n d i s e , s p e c i a l t y and p e r s o n a l service establishments. Additionally, parking t h e Navv end M a r i n e s need more space during normal working hours as w e l l as f o r s p e c i a l occasions (Marine Band c o n c e r t s a n d p a r a d e s ) , and i t may be p o s s i b l e t o c o n s t r u c t a p a r k i n g g a r a g e b e l o w level. Part of this establishments. the option ground s p a c e c o u l d be u s e d by t h e c o m m e r c i a l The proposed development of constructing a parking Drawings o f t h e proposed therefore garage contains f o r 190 c a r s . s t r u c t u r e a r e shown below: �The s p a c e u n d e r t h e e x p r e s s w a y i s t o be i n t o two s e c t i o n s ; the lower l i g h t commercial use. for approximately St. near The 190 f o r p a r k i n g and parking automobiles the c o r n e r of V i r g i n i a The parking level divided horizontally the upper f o r level will contain space w i t h ramp a c c e s s f r o m 7th Ave. i s e s t a b l i s h e d at approximately 45' w i t h g r a d e a c c e s s a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 52.75' n e c e s s i t a t i n g a ramp a b o u t 80' and w i l l in long. The parking area w i l l required. The r e q u i r e dependable The Mechanical i n terms of t r a f f i c commercial space w i l l d i v i d e d i n t o the 21,000 s q . f t . 14,000 7,700 4,200 commercial a r e a s , the s i t e 20,000 s q . f t . o f m a l l and Ave. a r e t o be t h e h i g h w a y and The open a r e a s a l o n g used f o r t a l l will park. m a l l i s seen as a s e p a r a t e thoroughfare interest. and following sections: s i d e w a l k o f "8" S t . , b o t h f o r s e c u r i t y and visual will I t i s s e t a t an e l e v a t i o n o f 55.5' a d d i t i o n to the enclosed The and o c c u p y most o f t h e a r e a above Large food market S m a l l s p e c i a l t y shops Storage D e l i v e r y and P a r k i n g have a p p r o x i m a t e l y ventilation- w i l l security. the p a r k i n g garage. In stairs main a c c e s s t o the garage i s i n t h e most remote p a r t o f t h e s i t e is underground t h e r e f o r e r e q u i r e s e v e r a l p o i n t s o f e g r e s s by a d d i t i o n t o t h e ramp i t s e l f . a l s o be be from the for increased " I " S t . and Virginia p l a n t i n g t o s c r e e n t h e edge o f l e s s e n t h e g l o o m i n e s s o f t h e 7 t h and 8th S t . �66 ���underpasses. A l o n g p e d e s t r i a n ramp and o v e r p a s s a s a c c e s s t o t h e c o m m e r c i a l a r e a seems u n w i s e . shows t h a t t h e y a r e s e l d o m E x p e r i e n c e w i t h s u c h ramps u s e d b e c a u s e t h e y remove t h e p e d e s t r i a n s from t h e s e c u r i t y o f s t r e e t s i d e a c t i v i t y . is a l s o u n w i s e t o s c r e e n them i n t o e n s u r e t h e s a f e t y o f traffic for I t passing underneath. Access t o t h e commercial r e s i d e n t s southwest of the s i t e seems d i r e c t areas enough a l o n g V i r g i n i a A v e . a n d a p p r o p r i a t e enough i f t h e b l o c k ' south of the s i t e i s rehabilitated. The g r a d e e l e v a t i o n s p r o v i d e d a r e a t t h e c o r n e r o f 8th and " I " S t s . Even s o , i t i s l i k e l y commercial l e v e l w i l l t h a t t h e main be b e l o w t h e l e v e l o f t h a t and w i t h t h e p a r k a l o n g " I " w i l l down t o t h e c o m m e r c i a l l e v e l intersection h a v e t o be u s e d a s a ramp (55.5'). D e l i v e r y and l i m i t e d p a r k i n g t o s e r v i c e t h e c o m m e r c i a l a r e a i s t o be a t t h e c o r n e r o f 7 t h a n d " I " w h e r e t h e g r a d e i s most f a v o r a b l e . deliveries This w i l l a l l o w l a r g e t r u c k s t o make c o m p l e t e l y o f f t h e s t r e e t s and d i r e c t l y into adjacent storage spaces. There a r e major d i f f i c u l t i e s under t h e e x p r e s s w a y . connected w i t h construction D e l i v e r y o f m a t e r i a l by c r a n e i s i m p o s s i b l e a n d no s t r u c t u r a l c o n n e c t i o n may be made t o t h e highways structure. tained at a l l places. A c c e s s t o t h a t s t r u c t u r e must be m a i n T h e r e f o r e , w o r k i n g s p a c e must be �p r o v i d e d between of t h e u n d e r s i d e o f t h e highway and t h e r o o f the commercial space. C o n s t r u c t i o n must a l s o be i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e h i g h w a y ' s p i e r s and t h i s w i l l the c a u s e a more c o m p l e x s t r u c t u r e f o r b o t h c o m m e r c i a l and t h e p a r k i n g s p a c e . The h i g h w a y u n p r o t e c t e d s t e e l g i r d e r s and any m a j o r f i r e below would j e o p a r d i z e t h e highway. rests on i n the space T h i s means t h a t extra f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i s necessary i n b u i l d i n g the commercial spaces. It seems c l e a r t h a t t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e c o m m e r c i a l ' s e c t i o n o f t h i s p r o j e c t depends i n l a r g e p a r t on t h e d e v e l o p ment and r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f c e r t a i n s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a s . p a r t i c u l a r , t h e E l l e n W i l s o n D w e l l i n g s s h o u l d be T h e y seem t o be w e l l s u i t e d for this upgraded. since they are small and i n t h e s c a l e o f t h e s u r r o u n d i n g n e i g h b o r h o o d . e q u a l l y important to develop the block south of the between to 7 t h and 8 t h S t s . as I tis site Renewal o f t h i s b l o c k i s t h e key g i v i n g the approach a face i n both d i r e c t i o n s , n o r t h s o u t h , and t o m a k i n g In and i t s u s e f r o m t h e s o u t h seem a s n a t u r a l t h a t from the n o r t h . �71 2. Explanation Table o f C a p i t a l Development C o s t s 6 summarizes t h e e s t i m a t e d the proposed f a c i l i t y . 1974 Unit costs of constructing construction p r i c e s f o r work c o m p e t i t i v e l y c o s t s a r e b a s e d on b i d by c o m m e r c i a l contract- ors; p r o v i s i o n s of the Davis-Bacon Act, which i n c r e a s e s the wage c o s t o f g o v e r n m e n t - s p o n s o r e d c o n s t r u c t i o n , h a v e n o t been i n c l u d e d i n these cost estimates. c o m m e r c i a l s p a c e h a s been e s t i m a t e d may be h i g h e r than a c t u a l cost The u n i t c o s t f o r a t $30 p e r s q . f t . w h i c h f o r t h i s type of c o n s t r u c t i o n . However, t h e s i t e p o s e s p a r t i c u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n problers, such as t h e p o s s i b l e need t o f i r e p r o o f t h e s t e e l u n d e r t h e e x p r e s s w a y and t h e g e n e r a l a r o u n d an a l r e a d y b u i l t s t r u c t u r e . girders d i f f i c u l t y of working More p r e c i s e construction c o s t s c a n o n l y be c a r r i e d o u t w i t h d e t a i l e d d e s i g n t i o n s and e n g i n e e r i n g analysis. No v a l u e h a s b e e n p l a c e d proposed s t r u c t u r e s . the on t h e u s e o f l a n d by t h e The r e a s o n f o r t h i s a s s u m p t i o n i s t h a t t h e s i t e c a n n o t be c o n s i d e r e d commercial s i t e s competitive i f land i s given with commercial s i t e s . other a commercial value s i t e poses development c o s t s not g e n e r a l l y i n other specifica- because encountered The a n a l y s i s o f t h e use o f a i r - r i g h t s o f t h e s i t e was c a r r i e d o u t by The A f r o - A m e r i c a n Bicentennial Corporation i n i t s report. �TABLE 6. ESTIMATED DEVELOPMENT COST OF THE PROPOSED COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT Sq. F e e t of Space Construction Unit Cost Cost (per sq. f t . ) C o m m e r c i a l S t r u c t u r e and r e l a t e d uses Arcade, Walkways, Landscaping 20,300 $6 $121,800 General Merchandise, S p e c i a l t y shops 14,000 30 420,000 Food 21,000 30 630,000 4,200 8 33,600 7,700 15 115,500 Store Delivery Storage Area Area 100 ,000 I l l u m i n a t i o n o f Two ( 2 ) U n d e r p a s s e s T o t a l C o m m e r c i a l S t r u c t u r e s and Related Areas $1,420,900 Parking Structure S p a c e f o r 190 c a r s p l u s ramp 57,000 T o t a l Development C o s t * E s t i m a t e does n o t i n c l u d e wages d i c t a t e d by t h e D a v i s - B a c o n A c t . $12 $ 684.000 $2,104,900 �73 3. R e n t R e q u i r e m e n t s and Maximum F e a s i b l e Development Budget F i n a n c i a l a n a l y s i s of r e a l estate investments g e n e r a l l y b e g i n s w i t h an e s t i m a t i o n o f m a r k e t r e n t s p a i d by e x i s t i n g c o m m e r c i a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a who w o u l d be t h e p r i n c i p a l project. sources o f competition f o r t h e proposed These r e n t s , together w i t h e s t i m a t e d gross s a l e s , a r e u s e d t o d e r i v e t h e maximum f e a s i b l e d e v e l o p m e n t b u d g e t f o r the proposed investment. I n the case o f t h i s p a r t i c u l a r however, commercial e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e primary the existing analysis, t r a d i n g a r e a w o u l d n o t be s o u r c e s o f c o m p e t i t i o n f o r c o m m e r c i a l a c t i v i t y proposed a t t h e s i t e under r e v i e w . Instead, the p r o p o s e d c o m m e r c i a l f a c i l i t y w o u l d be i n c o m p e t i t i o n w i t h neighborhood shopping f a c i l i t i e s located outside of the primary t r a d i n g a r e a because t h a t i s where a r e a c u r r e n t l y shop. analysis w i l l residents of the trading Consequently, t h e approach taken i n t h i s be f i r s t t o c a l c u l a t e annual debt service requirements b a s e d on t h e e s t i m a t e d d e v e l o p m e n t i n T a b l e 6. T h e n , o p e r a t i n g r e c e i p t s and r e q u i r e d r e n t w i l l be d e r i v e d a f t e r a c c o u n t i n g f o roperating The a s s u m p t i o n a r e ( 1 ) t h a t t o t a l cost w i l l costs given expenses. capital development a p p r o x i m a t e $2 m i l . ( i n 1974 d o l l a r s a s d e t a i l e d i n T a b l e 6) and ( 2 ) t h a t e q u i t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n w i l l t o t a l cost with the balance Debt s e r v i c e f i n a n c e d by l o n g - t e r m ( p r i n c i p a l and i n t e r e s t ) c a p i t a l development be 20% o f mortgage. needed t o a m o r t i z e t h e c o s t o f t h e proposed f a c i l i t y i s based �on a 2 5 - y e a r mortgage c o v e r i n g 80% w o u l d be a t 10% annual i n t e r e s t . w o u l d be $ 1 7 6 , 7 0 1 : $116,417 and of t o t a l Total capital annual debt cost service $60,284 f o r c o m m e r c i a l parking uses, r e s p e c t i v e l y . i I n f o r m a t i o n from a broad sample of neighborhood centers (centers gross leasable has having a range of type of are that facility the d e b t s e r v i c e and i s g i v e n i n T a b l e 7. equity and 46,000 - 62,000 s q . f t . Urban Land I n s t i t u t e . The The use balance of rent $221,700 a n n u a l l y . gross r e c e i p t s annually payments o f of 15-20% r e p r e s e n t s of $60,300 a n n u a l l y (gross total items return e s t i m a t e s of d e r i v e d development c o s t s p r o p o s e d commerc- operating receipts) P a r k i n g uses are and still on in estimated to $91,200 i n o r d e r t o meet d e b t t i o n f o r operating expenses, return i z e d as 30% this reserves. w o u l d h a v e t o pay o r d e r of Its breakdown of t h e s e Assuming t h i s percentage d i s t r i b u t i o n , the ial U.S. o p e r a t i n g expenses f o r a v e r a g e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 0 - 5 5 % and operating receipts, respectively. on shopping a r e a ) o p e r a t i n g s u c c e s s f u l l y throughout the been d e v e l o p e d r e c e n t l y by findings and the require service p r o v i d e a minimum a l l o c a equity and reserves. The o p e r a t i n g r e c e i p t s needed to a m o r t i z e c a p i t a l o v e r 25 y e a r s a t 10% a n n u a l i n t e r e s t i s summar- follows: A l l o c a t i o n ($000) Commercial Parking Use Use 91.2 a/ 221. 7 Operating Receipts Operating Expenses 66.5 Operating Balance Debt S e r v i c e ^/ Equity & r e s e r v e s 155.2 116. 4 38.8 - Total 17.2 74. 0 60 . 3 13.7 a / B a s e d on m o n t h l y c h a r g e o f $4 0 p e r a u t o m o b i l e . b/ On t h e b a s i s o f e q u i t y p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f $264,180 f a c i l i t y and $136,800 f o r p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e 236.6 176.7 58.9 f o r commercial �TABLE'7. OPERATING RESULTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SHOPPING CENTER ( I n pcrco;i[:,i"e form) Percent of T o t a l Receipts (Median Numbers) Southeast U. S T o t a l U. S. Operating Receipts 98.5 2.3 1.0 Rent Common area charges Other charges T o t a l Operating Receipts , 100.0 95.5 3.6 2.5 100.0 Operating Expenses Operating Balance 1.9 4.0 .9 2.3 4.2 1.7 1.1 13.6 2.3 5.0 30.7 1.0 13.3 2.0 5.4 30.0 69.3 Building Maintenance Parking Lot, Mall and other public area*. Central U t i l i t y Systems Office area s e r v i c e s Advertising and Promotion Real Estate Taxes Insurance General and Administrative 70.0 Source: Urban Land I n s t i t u t e , The D o l l a r and Cents of Shopping Centers: 1972 - 7- �On t h e b a s i s o f t h e s e numbers, e q u i t y and would for In amount t o 15% a n n u a l l y o f e q u i t y participation t h e c o m m e r c i a l a r e a and 10% f o r t h e p a r k i n g order to guarantee the l e v e l of o p e r a t i n g e s t i m a t e d above, reserves structure. receipts commercial space would have t o r e n t a t an a v e r a g e o f $5.20 p e r s q . f t . a n n u a l l y . on 42,700 s q . f t . o f i n c o m e - p r o d u c i n g T h i s i s based commercial space (gross l e a s a b l e a r e a ) , e x c l u s i v e of p r o v i s i o n f o r vacancies. 4. Assessment of Commercial Viability The m a r k e t a n a l y s i s i n C h a p t e r V i n d i c a t e s t h a t , i n the p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a , t h e r e i s now a surplus buying income f o r p u r c h a s e o f c o n v e n i e n c e goods and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e i t e m s i n t h e o r d e r o f $5 m i l . a n n u a l l y . Most r e s i d e n t s o f t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a shop e l s e w h e r e e v e n for items which a r e u s u a l l y purchased i n neighborhood ping f a c i l i t i e s . such f a c i l i t i e s shop- T h e r e i s c o n s e q u e n t l y a m a r k e t demand f o r i n t h e p r i m a r y t r a d i n g a r e a , even though p r o j e c t i o n s o f f u t u r e p o p u l a t i o n g r o w t h and h o u s e h o l d a t i o n s i n the area are f l a t . Moreover, form- t h e r e i s some a d d i t i o n a l m a r k e t demand f o r c o n v e n i e n c e goods and p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e items o r i g i n a t i n g the Navy Y a r d and M a r i n e Assuming from t h e n o n r e s i d e n t employees of Barracks. the proposed neighborhood center, with parking, c o u l d c a p t u r e o n e - h a l f o f t h e c u r r e n t s u r p l u s b u y i n g income of the primary t r a d i n g area ( $ 2 . 5 m i l . a n n u a l l y ) and t h a t t h e n o n - r e s i d e n t m a r k e t amounted t o $300,000 a n n u a l l y (6,000 �e m p l o y e e s s p e n d i n g $50 each a n n u a l l y ) , annual s a l e s w o u l d amount t o $65 gross commercial per sq. f t . of g r o s s ' l e a s a b l e area A (42,700 s q . f t . ) . T h i s l e v e l of s a l e s i s i n l i n e w i t h f o o t s a l e s a c h i e v e d by s u c c e s s f u l neighborhood centers g e n e r a l l y i n the southeastern However, t h e a v e r a g e square shopping p a r t of the U.S. r e q u i r e d r e n t o f $5.20 p e r s q . f t . a n n u a l l y i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h and may be d i f f i c u l t t o Normally, l a r g e n a t i o n a l chain s t o r e tenants having achieve. a AAA c r e d i t r a t i n g , w h i c h i s needed t o a t t r a c t mortgage f i n a n c i n g on f a v o r a b l e terms, w i l l amount. pay c o n s i d e r a b l y l e s s than Consequently, general merchandise, s p e c i a l t y , p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w o u l d h a v e t o pay excess of The m o n t h l y p a r k i n g f e e a t $40 high u t i l i z a t i o n r a t e i f t h e Navy and may have a Marines were t o c o n t r a c t a s h a r e of a v a i l a b l e space both d u r i n g weekdays f o r b a n d c o n c e r t s and d u r i n g s p e c i a l o c c a s i o n s , such parades. w o u l d g e n e r a l l y use t h i s The commercial s t r u c t u r e on a 7-day b a s i s . g e n e r a l low q u a l i t y o f t h e c o n t i g u o u s 8th S t . c o r r i d o r w i l l facility the prevent community. and commercial area the proposed from c a p t u r i n g the s u r p l u s buying as establishments fundamental i s s u e i s whether the t h r e a t of crime in rents in per automobile i s a l s o However, t h e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y commuting e m p l o y e e s and the and $5.20. r e l a t i v e l y high. for this The the along commercial income available �7U 5, Economic I m p a c t on t h e L o c a l Community The p r o p o s e d c o m m e r c i a l f a c i l i t y w o u l d n o t s u b s t a n t i a l amounts o f r e t a i l commercial area along draw commerce away f r o m t h e e x i s t i n g 8th S t r e e t . As e x p l a i n e d a b o v e , e x i s t i n g commercial a r e a c a t e r s to a d i f f e r e n t market this and g e n e r a l l y o f f e r s s e r v i c e s not contemplated f o r the proposed new facility. I n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y , t h i s new s h o u l d be a p o s i t i v e commercial center f o r c e i n a t t r a c t i n g more s p e n d i n g by n e i g h b o r h o o d r e s i d e n t s and t h i s s h o u l d e x i s t i n g merchants along locally also benefit 8th S t r e e t . C u r r e n t l y , the s i t e under r e v i e w i n t h i s r e p o r t i s an e y e s o r e and e a r n s no r e v e n u e f o r t h e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a o r o t h e r owners. Under t h e p r o p o s e d p l a n f o r d e v e l o p m e n t , t h e D i s t r i c t would earn approximately $47,000 a n n u a l l y i n t a x revenue from t h e f o l l o w i n g s o u r c e s : Personal property Business taxes_a/ f r a n c h i s e t a x b/ Real property taxV T o t a l Annual Taxes $ 5,124 5,440 36,520 $47,084 a/ A s s u m i n g v a l u e o f f u r n i t u r e , e q u i p m e n t , e t c . minus o f $213,500. T a x l e v i e d a t 2.4 p e r c e n t . depreciation J } / B a s e d on g r o s s r e t a i l s a l e s o f $2.8 m i l . a n n u a l l y and r e n t a l income o f $220,000 a n n u a l l y , e q u a l l i n g n e t income o f $68,000. T a x l e v i e d a t 8% p e r n e t income. c/ B a s e d on v a l u e o f $2 m i l . �Moreover, p r o p e r development o f t h i s a salutory s i t e would have e f f e c t on c o n t i g u o u s p r o p e r t i e s g e n e r a l l y , could only help to restore sub-economy o f t h e D i s t r i c t which the neighborhood i n t o a v i a b l e economy. �APPENDIX A. �APPENDIX A 8Lh STREET COMMERCIAL SURVEY R e t a i l Stores Nc1. Euros. How Lone; No. Name 409 2 27 y r s . 417 Kramer's Shoes Liquor store 3 5 mos. 419 Murry's Sreak House 5 4 mos. 423 Cap. H i l l Auto P a r t s 2 10 y r s . 425- -7 429 Lemler's Shoe Store Kopy Kat ( l a d i e s ) Citywide Rood Stores 3 7 5 45 y r s . Chat's Liquor D i s t . Lock & Hardw. 2 8 yrs. 15 15 y r s . 745 Amer. Rescue Workers T h r i f t Store 12 Anderson F u r n i t u r e 400 Wm. E. M i l l e r Purn. 506 PIantemporium Penn Auto Supply 501 505 507 541- •5 514 Clientele Plans Preference f o r S i t e Local 30% t r a n s i e n t Retire, s e l l Stay Warehouse Questionable because of crime problem Recreation, can't see stores Doesn't know, crime problem None Business not good None Community, i n - Stay clud. welfare Gas s t a t i o n s Stay 2 yrs. Community Local Community, transients Community 50% commun., 25% r l . e s t . 25% govt. Local poor Stay Stay, bought bldg. next door Stay 25 y r s . Old customers Sell 77 30 y r s . Stay 2 7 mos. 4 yrs. 50% P r . Geo., D.C., Va. Local, trans. Service s t a . & walk-ins 8 60 y r s . 8 mos. Stay Stay Stay Stay Stay business Commercial Commercial or r e c r e a t i c Doesn't know Impossible to develop w i t h crime and welfare situation Commercial won't go bee se no t r a f f i c access Recreation Commercial �8tb STREET COMMERCIAL SURVEY Restaurants and Bars Name Nc Emos. No. E. Chow Mein 517 Boyd s Barbecue 523 Bar 525 Gatsby's Plus One 10 529 Enrico's ( b a r ) * 539 Ships Cafe Bar & G r i l l 5 703 Clientele Plans 2 mos. Homosexuals Stay 4 yrs. Community Stay (bldg' sold) Stores, recreation Stay Don't know, illness T r y i n g to buy bldg. Stay Stay Recreation Recreation Hov; Long Preference f o r S i t e 1 711 7^7 406 Freddie's G r i l l Stonewalls G r i d i r o n M i l l i e and Lou's 6 4 3 yrs. 10 y r s . 430 Horseshoe Saloon 2 2 yrs. Local L o c a l ; Metro workers Homosexuals 4 mos. 4 yrs. Women Men 500- •02 Club Madame 3--6 506 Cap. H i l l Townhouse Rest> • 4 Contractors 413- -5 Healy-Kruse Genl. Con. Yves Cabinet Work 713 M i l l e r Plumb & Htg Worden Robinson Pottery 1 715 426 Construction 4- -40 Parking, r e c r e a t i o n , quick s e r v i c e r e s t . Parking, grocery Something to improve sr- • 3 yrs. Metro area 2 yrs. Metro Stay unless Commercial rent goes up May move when Parking l o t Metro complete �8Lh STREET COMMERCIAL SURVEY Services Name No - Ernes. No. Crawford's Barber 1 727 735 749 751 755 404 408 524 530 532 S.E. Uniform Co. 10 Tower Cleaners •Upholstery 1 Navy Yard Valet 2 Shoe r e p a i r 1 Cap. H i l l Bush Salon 1 Copy business Astrofilms B r i c e ' s Barber Shop 1 Wholesale Transmission P a r t s 534 How Long 17 y r s . 4 yrs. 12 y r s . 3 yrs. 7 mos. 3/ y r s . 1 2 9 yrs. Marines Preference f o r S i t e Plans Quit unless None bus. improves Won't go because of crime Stay Cap. H i l l Metro area Cap. H i l l Local Stay Stay Don't know Stay Stores Leave alone Parking Local Stay None Clientele Local 5 2/ y r s . Move because Recreation or commercial Wholesale/ warehouse d i s t .bus. expanded Banks, P r o f e s s i o n a l O f f i c e s Amer. Sec. & Trust 15 401 20 y r s . Renovate Commercial or r e c r e a t i o n 3 yrs . Cap. H i l l , some welfare Local Stay Recreat ion 1 yr. Cap. Stay 6 mos. Congress Commerc. , r e c , prof e s s i c r : nothing very expensive Recreation or educational 717 Cap. H i l l Mgmt. 2 Law o f f i c e R e s t o r a t i o n & lav/ of 10 . 428 R o l l C a l l (newspap) 523 4 2 Hill Stay �8tb STREET COMMERCIAL SURVEY Community Groups Name No. UPO (Concentrated 507 705-9 729 751 520 556 No. Euros. Emp) 15 Social Security SE Enrichment Center United Cerebral P a l s y D.C. F i r e DepU Friendship House Clothing Center Friendship House Federal Credit Union How Long 10 y r s . 13 2 yrs. 6 yrs. 30 70 y r s . Clientele SE except Anacostia SE and NE SE Plans Stay Stay Stay Preference f o r S i t e Youth f a c i l i t i e s ; commercial Shopping Indoor rec.,shopping Stay C r a f t s market Vacant Lots and Houses, Residences No. Plans Was TV s t o r e , Amer. S e c u r i t y & T r u s t wants to buy and use f o r d r i v e - i n window 405 Vacant; was pornographic p u b l i s h i n g co.; now owned by D i s t r i c t Lock 507 Vacant b u i l d i n g 533 Abandoned People's Church ( o l d t h e a t e r ) 535 Was Square Deal Liquor Store which has moved down 8tt c l o s e r to Penna. Ave. 701 Bought unrestored f o r $55,000; owner looking f o r p r o f e s s i o n ^ tenants 719 Bought by Barbara Held; now looking f o r tenants, p o s s i b l y Ralph Nader 721-5 Residence 753 Wm. E. M i l l e r Parking Lot 416 Residence 508 Was laundry (out-of-business) 510 Residence 512 Was Marshall's Funeral S e r v i c e s , now vacant 522 526-8 Parking l o t ( r 3 S e rved) �APPENDIX B. �INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS INTERVIEWER �B a c k g r o u n d on O r g a n i z a t i o n 1. Name o f O r g a n i z a t i o n 2. Address of Organization 3. Purpose o f O r g a n i z a t i o n 4. Geographic Coverage o f O r g a n i z a t i o n 5. Y e a r s O p e r a t i n g i n Community 6. S i z e o f Membership 7. Name o f C o n t a c t 8. P o s i t i o n v.'/in O r g a n i z a t i o n Community Profile 1. G e n e r a l l y d e s c r i b e t h e community w / i n a 1/2 m i l e r a d i u s o f site. (Show Map.) 2. Do y o u v i e w t h i s a r e a a s a s i n g l e c o m m u n i t y ? Yes No Explain 3. Can y o u make e t h n i c a n d e c o n o m i c d i s t i n c t i o n s among r e s i d e n t s in t h i s area? Yes No Distinctions 4. How do y o u e n v i s i o n t h i s community w i t h i n t h e n e x t 10 y e a r s ? A. Ethnically B. Economically �5. I s t h e r e now p o l i t i c a l a c t i o n i n t h e community w h i c h m i x e d community c o m p o s i t i o n ? Yes 6. Who favors No are the p o l i t i c a l Names' spokesman? Organizations A. B. C. III. Site 1. Plans Are you f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e e x p r e s s w a y s i t e and t h e p r o p o s e d p l a n s f o r i t s u s e ? Yes ( 8 t h & Eye, S t . , S E ) No From y o u p o i n t o f v i e w , do y o u t h i n k t h e community needs a recreational f a c i l i t y ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r No" i n the proper c e l l . ) l7 Senior Roller Citizens Center Rink Residents to South Residents to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting non-residents non-residents Tennis Court Bowling Swim Alley Gym Pool �Do you t h i n k t h e community w i l l u s e a r c c r c a t i onn] f a c i l i t y ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " or"NO" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) Senior Citizens Center n M Roller Rink n N Residents Bowling Swim Allev Gvm Pool n n N n N t o South Residents Tennis Court n M to North M a r i n e s / Navy Working non-residents Visiting non-residents D=Day N=Night W i l l t h e community pay f o r t h e s e r v i c e s o f t h i s r e c r e a t i o n a l facility? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r cell.) Senior Swim R o l l e r C i t i z e n s Tennis Bowling Rink Court Alley Gym PGol Center Residents to South Residents to North M a r i n e s / Navy Working Visiting non-residents non-residents Do y o u t h i n k t h e community n e e d s a day c a r e f a c i l i t y ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "NO" n e x t t o t h e community e l e m e n t . ) R e s i d e n t s t o South Yes No R e s i d e n t s t o North Yes No_ Marines/Navy Yes No Working N o n - r e s i d e n t s Yes No Visiting Yes No non-residents �6. Do y o u t h i n k t h e community w i l l u s c a day c a r e (Mark " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) Day Day Residents facility? Care Night to South Residents to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working non-residents Visiting non-residents W i l l t h e community pay f o r day c a r e s e r v i c e s ? by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) R e s i d e n t s to South No Residents t o North Yes_ No M a r i n e s /Navy Yes_ No_ Working N o n - r e s i d e n t s Yes No Visiting 8. Yes Yes (indicate No non-residents Do y o u t h i n k t h e Community needs an e d u c a t i o n a l Manpower Training Residents Industrial Arts Education to South Residents Adult Education facility? to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting non-residents non-residents r r �9. Do you t h i n k t h e community w i l l u s e an o d u c a t i o n a 1 f a c i l i t y ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) Manpower Training D N Adult Education D N Industrial Arts Education D N R e s i d e n t s t o South R e s i d e n t s to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting non-residents non-residents i D-Day N-Night 10. W i l l t h e community p a y f o r t h e s e r v i c e s o f t h i s e d u c a t i o n a l facility? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r cell.) Manpower Training Adult Education Industrial Arts Education R e s i d e n t s to South R e s i d e n t s to North Marines/Navy Working Visiting 11. non-residents non-residents Do y o u t h i n k t h e community n e e d s a c o m m e r c i a l f a c i l i t y l o c a t e d at t h i s s i t e ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e proper c e l l . ) SuperMarket R e s i d e n t s t o South R e s i d e n t s t o North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting non-residents non-residents Drug Store Variety Hardware Store Restau. Theatre �12. Do y o u t h i n k t h e community w i l l u s e a c o m m e r c i a 1 f a c i l i t y ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No " I n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) 7 SuperMarket D N Drug Store D N Variety Store Hardware D N , D N Rrstau. Theatre D N D N R e s i d e n t s t o South R e s i d e n t s t o North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting 13. non-residents non-residents Do y o u t h i n k t h e community c a n f i n a n c i a l l y s u p p o r t a c o m m e r c i a l facility at this site? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g Y e s " o r "No" i n the proper c e l l . ) Supermarket Drug Store Variet Store 1 lardware tostau. Theatre R e s i d e n t s t o South Residents to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting 14. non-residents non-residents Do y o u f e e l t h a t a n o t h e r u s e f o r t h i s s e r v e t h e community? Yes s i t e w o u l d more s u i t a b l y No What s e r v i c e ? 15. Do. y o u t h i n k t h a t t h e community needs t h i s s e r v i c e ? by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) R e s i d e n t s t o South Yes No Residents to North Yes No M a r i n e s / Navy Yes No Working Yes No Yes No_ Visiting non-residents non-residents (Indicate �16, Do you t h i n k t h e community w i l l u s c t h i s o t h e r s e r v i c e ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n t h e p r o p e r c e l l . ) — Other Day Service Night R e s i d e n t s to South R e s i d e n t s to North M a r i n e s /Navy Working Visiting 17 non-residents non-residents Do y o u t h i n k t h e community w i l l pay f o r t h i s o t h e r s e r v i c e ? ( I n d i c a t e by m a r k i n g " Y e s " o r "No" i n p r o p e r s p a c e . ) R e s i d e n t s t o South Yes No_ Residents to North Yes_ No_ M a r i n e s /Navy- Yes_ No Working Yes_ No Yes No Visiting 18 non-residents non-residents P l e a s e rank t h e proposed o p t i o n s i n order of j o i n t by r e s i d e n t s n o r t h and s o u t h Of t h e e x p r e s s w a y . usage A. B. C. D. E. 19 P l e a s e rank t h e proposed o p t i o n s i n order o f j o i n t usage and f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t by r e s i d e n t s n o r t h and s o u t h o f t h e Expressway. A. B. C. D. E. �20. Do y o u f e c i t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d f a c i l i t y w i l l a c t a s a b a r r i o r between r e s i d e n t s t o t h e n o r t h and s o u t h o f the expressway? Yes No Why ? . j I f y e s , do y o u v i e w t h i s Favorably separation favorably or unfavorably? Unfavorably Why 21. ' Do y o u a n t i c i p a t e a n y p o l i t i c a l proposed f a c i l i t y ? Yes reaction regarding the No From whom? Do y o u h a v e a n y a d d i t i o n a l comments a p p r o p o s t o t h e s i t e development? 22. Do y o u t h i n k t h e s i t e a d j a c e n t t o t h e e x p r e s s w a y i s s u i t a b l e for a motel or o f f i c e b u i l d i n g ? Yes No THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP, �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey i Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial p o t e n t i a l ? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey i Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250, 000 & Up- What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing o r commercial potential? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 1th Street Survey Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250, 000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial potential? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u been i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial p o t e n t i a l ? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey i Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up- What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing o r commercial p o t e n t i a l ' �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial p o t e n t i a l ? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? ' Employees: How many: Where do t h e y live? r Y e a r l y Gross Under receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing o r commercial p o t e n t i a l ? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey i Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250, 000 & Up- What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial potential? �SOUTHEAST FREEWAY STREET SURVEY FORM 8th Street Survey , i Address: Type B u s i n e s s : How l o n g h a v e y o u b e e n i n b u s i n e s s a t : This New location? business? Moved f r o m a n o t h e r location? What p o p u l a t i o n do y o u s e r v e ? r Employees: How many: Where do t h e y Y e a r l y Gross Under live? receipts: $25,000 $25 - $50,000 $50 - $100,000 $100 - $250,000 $250,000 & Up, What a r e y o u r p l a n s f o r t h e f u t u r e ? What w o u l d y o u l i k e t o s e e on t h e u n d e r s t r u c t u r e Do y o u t h i n k t h i s site? area has a marketing or commercial p o t e n t i a l ? �APPENDIX C �AIM'ENDLX TABLE I . SUMMARY OF GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTIC BY CENSUS TRACT Census T r a c t s 0070 0071 0072 5,973 3,133 4,029 4,264 5,551 4,290 15,553 11,687 -47.5 6.5 -22.7 -24.9 1960 1970 38.4 26.8 25.9 36.5 35.7 36.7 Percentage 1970 Male Female 11.2 9.2 12.5 15.2 12.7 15.2 68.9 53.8 72.9 93.7 90.2 93.9 25-34 25-34 15-19 20-24 10-14 20-24 All Tracts T o t a l Population 1960 1970 Percentage Change 1960-1970 Percentage D i s t r i b u t i o n Percentage Negro 1960 1970 Median Age C l a s s 1970 Male Female Source: U.S. Bureau o f the Census 1960 and 1970 Census of P o p u l a t i o n and and Housing, Census T r a c t s , Washington, D.C. SMSA; M e t r o p o l i t a n Washington C o u n c i l o f Governments, E s t i m a t e s D e r i v e d from L o c a l F o r e c a s t s , M o d i f i e d March 1974 - Data f o r study purpose o n l y . 1972 data D.C. government e s t i m a t e s . C �ALTENDiX TABLE I I . SUMMARY OF THE LENGTH OF RESIDENCY IN THE CENSUS TRACTS 1960 and 1970 007 0 Persons 5 y e a r s and over 1960 1970 Census T r a c t s 0071 0072 All Tracts 5,287 2,963 3,457 3,853 4,317 3,773 13,061 10,589 Percentage l i v i n g i n same house as i n 1955 1965 31.8 48.0 34.2 36.1 24.1 59.7 29.9 47.8 Percentage o f Negroes i n same house as i n 1965 64.9 36.0 61.4 51.5 Percentage i n d i f f e r e n t house i n 1955 l o c a t e d i n Central City O u t s i d e SMSA 48.9 9.9 54.5 6.3 61.7 7.9 54.6 7.1 Percentage i n d i f f e r e n t house i n 1965 l o c a t e d i n Central City O u t s i d e SMSA 15.9 20.4 45.6 4.5 27.7 3.1 30.9 8.4 Source: U.S. Bureau o f the Census, 1960 and 1970 Census o f P o p u l a t i o n and Housing, Census T r a c t s , Washington, D.C. SMSA. �APPENDIX TABLE I I I . SUMMARY OF M A R I T A L COMPOSITION STATUS I N T H E MARKET Census 0070 AND HOUSEHOLD AREA 19 70 Tracts 0071 0072 All Tracts Households Number of Persons 3,133 4,264 4,290 11,687 Head o f Households Primary I n d i v i d u a l s (group q u a r t e r s ) 1,080 470 (262) 1,182 269 (23) 1,174 257 (159) 3,436 996 (444) 610 68.9 913 47.0 917 32.5 2,440 47.0 25.3 47.7 64.2 48.3 A l l families Husband-wife f a m i l i e s ° F a m i l i e s w i t h female head 7. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of P o p u l a t i o n and Housing; Census T r a c t s , Washington, D.C. SMSA. �APPENULX TABLE I V . HOUSING AND VALUE OF HOUSING 1960 and 1970 Census T r a c t s 0070 Number o f Occupied 0071 0072 1,552 1,080 984 1,182 1,373 1,174 76.9 66.9 69.8 83.9 94.2 96.2 All Tracts Units 1960 1970 3,909 3,436 Percentage Renter-Occupied 1960 1970 Median V a l u e o f OwnerOccupied U n i t s 1960: a l l u n i t s 1970: a l l u n i t s Median Value of R e n t e r Occupied U n i t s 1960: a l l u n i t s 1970: a l l u n i t s $11,700 30,200 $71 108 U n i t s i n S t r u c t u r e Percentage 1970 i 56.2 2-4 5-49 50 or more 24.1 19.8 -0- $11,500 14,600 $ 9,800 14,100 $85 80 $61 65 38.4 7.6 27.3 26.6 32.6 5.8 24.3 37.3 Source: U.S. Bureau o f the Census: 1960 and 1970 Census of P o p u l a t i o n and Housing, Census T r a c t s , Washington, D.C. SMSA r �APPENDIX TABLE V. ESTIMATED SALES OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS ON 8T1I STREET, S,E. # of Employees Es timated Sales/Employee % of Ratio local sales Estimated T o t a l Sales SIC Store 566 p t Kramer Shoes 2 33,890 67,780 59 2 Liquor Store 3 86,203 181,026 258,609 5512 p t Murrays Steak House 5 14,186 70,930 70,930 553 C a p i t a l H i l l Auto P a r t s 2 39,383 -0- 78,766 566 p t L e m l e r ' s Shoe S t o r e 3 33,890 101,670 101,670 562 Kopy K a t 7 28,245 197,715 197,715 545,9 C i t y w i d e Food S t o r e s 5 37,143 92,858 185,715 59 2 Chat's L i q u o r 2 86,203 172,406 172,406 $ 67,780 52 D i s t . L o c k & Hardware 15 48,319 362,393 724,785 593 Amer. Rescue Workers (1.5) 28,332 42,498 42,498 571 Anderson F u r n i t u r e 12 39,971 479,652 479,652 571 Wm. E . M i l l e r 77 39,971 30,778 3,077,767 52 Plantemporium 2 48,319 48,319 96,638 553 Penn Auto Supply 8 39,383 78,766 315,064 5812 p t E Chow Mein (3) 13,197 39,591 39,591 5812 p t Boyds Barbecue (5) 13,197 65,985 69,985 5813 Bar (2) 15,507 31,014 31,014 5812 p t Gatsbys P l u s One 10 13,197 13,197 131,970 5813 Enrico's (3) 15,507 46,251 46,251 5812 p t Ships C a f e B a r & G r i l l 5 13,197 65,985 65,985 5812 p t Freddies (3) 15,507 46,251 46,251 5812 p t Stonewall's G r i d i r o n 6 13,197 79,182 79,182 5812 p t M i l l i e & Lou's 4 13,197 26,394 52,788 5813 Horseshoe Salon 2 15,507 1,551 31,014 5812 p t Club Madame 4.5 13,197 5,939 59,387 5812 p t Cap. H i l l Townhouse R e s t . 4 14,186 5,674 56,744 Grill �APPENDIX TABLE V. ESTIMATE SALES OF COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS ON 8TH STREET, S.E. (Continued) SIC 7 of „ Employees Store Crawford's Barber Estimated Sales/Employe e Ratio % of Local Sales Estimated Total Sales 1 14,029 14,029 S.E. Uniform Co. 10 22,729 227,290 227,290 Tower C l e a n e r s (2) 9,804 19,608 19,608 $ 14,029 Upholstery 1 22,729 11,365 22,729 Navy Y a r d V a l e t 2 9,804 9,804 19,608 Shoe R e p a i r 1 22,729 11,365 Cap. H i l l Bush Barber Shop S a l o n 1 14,029 14,029 14,029 Copy B u s i n e s s 1 22,729 11,365 22,729 Astro films 1 22,729 11,365 22,729 1 14,029 14,029 14,029 $ 2,698,594 $ 6,923,448 2,354,345 344,249 6,523,939 399,509 B r i c e Barber Shop Total of which: R e t a i l sales Services ' Source: Based on i n t e r v i e w s u r v e y c a r r i e d out by Roy L i t t l e j o h n A s s o c i a t e s . 22,729 �r � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Market analysis and economic impact study on the understructure site of the Southeast Freeway over Seventh and Eighth Streets, Southeast, Washington, DC Subject The topic of the resource Interstate 695 Description An account of the resource Prepared for Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation. Formal Agreement HT 7305. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roy Littlejohn Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Afro-American Bicentennial Corporation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c0e6f8685c08ec119fad710e5c5aafdd.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=wF1aogHrmfOGvEwlRPCaNWQmbfdYY1Lkx-SNm1EHrpNypTqTG2QdEFanBS1%7Ez-D7y5pwsHf66aRkx4qBQl2O51w48tQAbduu2OEC4PWW5N4q0T0o0eVeeSTifqENl29lAfC6giy2FOQJAy2yZjLjyQKhODIMqIytWUtpqMtpaRqsUn3iXT4l4yg8%7EQEkyYsRHCodDrC0X-zHtgCqHOqK3PzWqA2jGd8UXGHOHZl4mFnGyqYeEOkcjEr5iC1GBvjIvPgmtgGNKkhbNcBJ0xNSUqjXDhJW0Wn5S6qS88mCGI6n9mCqNJQE%7EnpkM-TuABKMV1HjSh8Pded4qxD3TdjocQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b1020336f94c3f0edd1a56be9a80589f PDF Text Text Southwest Employment Area J ^ J ^ J ^ " A L A N M. V O O R H E E S & A S S O C I A T E S , INC. �A g e n c i e s r e p r e s e n t e d i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Committee: B u r e a u of the Budget Department of A g r i c u l t u r e Department of Defense Department of H e a l t h , Education and W e l f a r e Department of Housing and U r b a n Development Department of the T r e a s u r y Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n General Services Administration D. C . Department of Highways and T r a f f i c National A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n National C a p i t o l P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n D. C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency Smithonian Institution Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t C o m m i s s i o n Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study �SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA TRANSPORTATION FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Prepared for SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE By A L A N M. V O O R H E E S & A S S O C I A T E S , WESTGATE MCLEAN, RESEARCH VIRGINIA DECEMBER PARK 22101 1968 INC. ��W E S T G A T E R E S E A R C H P A R K , M c L E A N , V I R G I N I A 2 2 1 0 1 • 7 0 3 / 89 3--4 310 • C A B L E : A M V O R ALAN M. VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES, INC. TRANSPORTATION & PLANNING CONSULTANTS A L A N M. V O O R H E E S WALTER G. HANSEN C H A R L E S F.BARNES.JR. T H O M A S B. D E E N DAVID W.SCHOPPE R T ROBERT L . MORRIS MARTIN J . BOUMAN NORMAN G. P A R S O N S December 3 1 , 1968 M r . T h o m a s Appleby Executive Director D. C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency 1420 New Y o r k Avenue, N . W. Washington, D . C . M r . David Phillips Regional Administrator General Services Administration 7th and D S t r e e t s , S . W . Washington, D . C . Attention: Attention: M r . J o s e p h Canney Deputy E x e c u t i v e D i r e c t o r M r . I . Jack Gural Chief, U r b a n P l a n n i n g Staff Gentlemen: We a r e pleased to s u b m i t our f i n a l r e p o r t on the Southwest T r a f f i c Study. T h e findings of t h i s study, and the r e s u l t a n t recommendations, should be helpful i n coping w i t h the growing t r a f f i c problem i n this dynamic a r e a . I n the f i n a l a n a l y s i s , the p r i n c i p a l solution to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n needs w i l l be the r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m . I t i s patently c l e a r that neither automobiles, nor b u s e s , nor any reasonable combination of the two c a n s a t i s f a c t o r i l y provide d a i l y i n g r e s s and e g r e s s for 100, 000 employees using the v e r y l i m i t e d s t r e e t and highway s y s t e m w h i c h w i l l be a v a i l a b l e . T h e r e commendations of this r e p o r t , i f c a r r i e d out i n a t i m e l y m a n n e r , should m i n i m i z e o v e r a l l congestion u n t i l the day when r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v e s Southwest. We deeply appreciate the a s s i s t a n c e w h i c h has been provided to u s , during the c o u r s e of t h i s study, by a l l m e m b e r s of the Southwest W o r k i n g Subcommittee and t h e i r a s s o c i a t e s i n t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e agencies. We a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y indebted to the D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency and the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n for counsel, guidance, and painstaking a s s i s t a n c e whenever it w a s requested. A s r e s i d e n t s of the Washington metropolitan a r e a , w e a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y pleased that we have been able to p l a y a r o l e , admittedly m i n o r , i n the development of the d r a m a t i c new Southwest f o r our Nation's C a p i t a l . Robert L . M o r r i s , Vice President T O R O N T O WASH I N G T O N , D . C ST . L O U I S L O S A N G E L E S SAN D I E G O ��Preface When a stone i s dropped into w a t e r , w a v e s s p r e a d out i n a l l d i r e c t i o n s f r o m the point of i m p a c t . S i m i l a r l y , when 80, 000 jobs a r e injected into an a r e a of 240 a c r e s i n Southwest Washington, the effects w i l l be felt by a l l the s u r r o u n d i n g community. Most noticeable among these effects w i l l be changes i n t r a f f i c operations. I r r e s p e c t i v e of the mode of t r a v e l of the new w o r k e r s , the t r a f f i c conditions, on s u c h m a j o r community a r t e r i a l s as 14th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue w i l l n e v e r again be a s they w e r e p r i o r to the m a s s infusion of government and p r i v a t e b u s i n e s s . Indeed, the effects w i l l spread even to the s m a l l e s t l o c a l s t r e e t s . Although optim u m solutions to the c i r c u l a t i o n problems i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a m u s t , t h e r e f o r e , involve t r a n s i t and highway operations w e l l beyond the a r e a , the study w h i c h i s the subject of t h i s report has been l i m i t e d to i n t e r n a l solutions. I n spite of this l i m i t a t i o n , a few specific suggestions have been made f o r e x t e r n a l i m p r o v e m e n t s , w h e r e it w a s believed that these i m p r o v e m e n t s w e r e of p a r t i c u l a r importance to the v i a b i l i t y of the Southwest Community a s it w a s envisioned by i t s p l a n n e r s . T h e r e p o r t i s i n two p a r t s . P a r t I states the findings of the study, and focuses on the p r o b l e m s . P a r t I I p r e s e n t s a l t e r n a t i v e solutions and r e c ommended c o u r s e s of action. When this study w a s s t a r t e d , it w a s anticipated by public o f f i c i a l s that subway s e r v i c e would be a v a i l a b l e to Southwest employees i n 1973. Subsequently, this schedule w a s set back by at l e a s t two y e a r s . T h e i n c r e a s e d delay i n providing r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v i c e to Southwest w i l l have s e r i o u s i m plications for t r a f f i c operations i n the a r e a . Not only w i l l the optimum solution be postponed, but during the period f r o m 1973 u n t i l inauguration of subway s e r v i c e , the i n t e n s i t y of congestion and the inadequacy of p a r k ing space w i l l become i n c r e a s i n g l y aggrevating. I n u s i n g t h i s r e p o r t , it must be borne i n m i n d that the f o r e c a s t y e a r of 1973 w i l l not a c t u a l l y r e p r e s e n t the w o r s t t r a f f i c conditions i n the a r e a . T h e amount of t r a f f i c i n e x c e s s of that indicated i n t h i s r e p o r t for the 1973 s t r e e t s y s t e m w i l l depend on the a c t u a l date of subway opening and the amount of i n c r e a s e d employment between the two dates. I t i s c l e a r , howe v e r , that the likelihood of i n c r e a s e d congestion should u n d e r s c o r e the need for c a r r y i n g out the recommendations of the r e p o r t i n a t i m e l y m a n n e r . �Contents Chapter Page Preface S u m m a r y of F i n d i n g s and Recommendations I INTRODUCTION The A r e a Study Inputs The P r o b l e m Other Studies T h i s Study v xiii 1 1 1 4 7 9 PART I--FINDINGS II T H E A R E A I N 1968 Planning Population Public Transportation T h e Street S y s t e m D i s t r i c t Highway P r o g r a m Traffic Characteristics Parking P a r k i n g Studies C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the Work T r i p E m p l o y e e Questionnaire Residential Interviews Business Visitor Interviews O r i g i n s of E m p l o y e e s ' W o r k T r i p s . . . . E m p l o y e e A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e T i m e s . Pedestrians 15 15 15 15 16 18 18 23 25 27 27 29 31 32 32 37 III T H E AREA B Y 1970--THE IMMEDIATE P R O B L E M OF GROWTH Population Public T r a n s p o r t a t i o n T h e Street S y s t e m Traffic Characteristics Parking C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the W o r k T r i p 39 39 39 41 43 43 45 vi �Chapter Page Pedestrians IV T H E AREA B Y 1973--THE CRITICAL PERIOD 46 . . . Population Public Transportation T h e Street S y s t e m Traffic Characteristics Parking C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of the W o r k T r i p Pedestrians 47 47 47 47 49 52 52 53 P A R T I I - - A L T E R N A T I V E S AND RECOMMENDATIONS V VI VII VIII BASIC CONSIDERATIONS 57 C U R R E N T Y E A R (1968) Introduction Public Transportation Public Transportation F a c i l i t i e s The Street System Parking Staggered W o r k H o u r s Pedestrians 61 61 61 64 68 69 70 72 I M M E D I A T E A L T E R N A T I V E S AND RECOMMENDATIONS (1968-1970) 73 Public Transportation 73 Public Transportation F a c i l i t i e s 73 T h e Street S y s t e m 77 A L T E R N A T I V E S AND R E C O M M E N D A T I O N S (1970-1973) Public Transportation The Street System Parking Pedestrians APPENDIXES A C a p a c i t y and L e v e l of S e r v i c e B Computer A n a l y s i s C Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Questionnaire D Southwest R e s i d e n t s I n t e r v i e w F o r m 83 83 85 87 89 , . A-l B-l C-l D-l vii �Tables Table Page 1 E m p l o y m e n t Concentrations i n the Washington Region . . . 3 2 E m p l o y e e P e r P a r k i n g Space C o m p a r i s o n 6 3 Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Development Schedule 4 E x i s t i n g Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p . . . 16 5 E m p l o y e e P e r P a r k i n g Space R a t i o s 24 6-1 P a r k i n g L o t - P o r t a l Site 25 6-2 6-3 6-4 P a r k i n g Garage - DOT B U I L D I N G P a r k i n g L o t - Square 537 (4th and E S t r e e t s ) P a r k i n g L o t at South C a p i t o l S t r e e t Under Southwest Freeway 26 26 7 . . . . 11 26 E m p l o y e e s by P r i v a t e Auto, B u s R i d e r s h i p and C a r Occupancy 28 8 Southwest E m p l o y e e s R i d i n g a s P a s s e n g e r s 29 9 D r o p - O f f and P i c k - U p D i s t r i b u t i o n 29 10 Modal Split - Southwest A r e a R e s i d e n t s W o r k T r i p . . . . 30 11 E m p l o y m e n t A r e a s for 420 Southwest A r e a R e s i d e n t s . . . 30 12 Number of V i s i t o r s P e r 100 E m p l o y e e s 31 13 Number of V i s i t o r s by Mode of A r r i v a l P e r Hour P e r 100 Visitors 14 E x i s t i n g Office H o u r s and Number of E m p l o y e e s 36 15 E m p l o y e e s ' A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e T i m e s 37 viii . �Table 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Page P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p - 1970 46 P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p - 1973 52 P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p With D S t r e e t Subway i n Operation 53 E x i s t i n g and P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e Work T r i p 58 Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p s A s s u m i n g L o w e r C a r Occupancies 59 Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p s A s s u m i n g L o w e r Percentage B u s R i d e r s h i p 59 Number of E m p l o y e e s that can be Accommodated with a 2. 0 C a r Occupancy and a 36 P e r c e n t B u s R i d e r s h i p by 1973 60 Potential On-Street T e r m i n a l Locations 75 �Figures Figure Page 1 Study A r e a 2 2 E x i s t i n g Street System 3 P e a k Hour V o l u m e s 4 Percentage of T r u c k s D u r i n g the D a y at T w o L o c a t i o n s .' 17 19 i n the Southwest A r e a 22 5 O r i g i n D i s t r i b u t i o n of Southwest A r e a E m p l o y e e s 6 A c c u m u l a t i o n of A r r i v a l s of Southwest A r e a E m p l o y e e s . 34 7 A c c u m u l a t i o n of D e p a r t u r e s of Southwest A r e a Employees L o c a t i o n s with One Hundred or More B u s e s i n the 35 8 . . . . 33 P e a k Hour by 1970 40 S t r e e t S y s t e m - 1970 42 10 P e a k H o u r V o l u m e s - 1970 44 11 L o c a t i o n s with One Hundred or More B u s e s i n the 9 P e a k Hour by 1973 48 12 Subway Station C o n s t r u c t i o n Schedule ( W M A T A ) 49 13 14 15 P e a k H o u r Volumes with S t r e e t s C l o s e d for Subway Station C o n s t r u c t i o n P e a k Hour Volumes - 1973 P r o p o s e d B u s Routes ( W M A T C O r d e r 82 9) 50 51 62 16 Recommended B u s R o u t e s - 1968-1969 63 x �Figure Page 17 P o t e n t i a l Sites for B u s T e r m i n a l s 66 18 P o t e n t i a l Sites for Additional P a r k i n g 71 19 Recommended B u s Routes - 1970 74 20 A l t e r n a t i v e T w o , D Street Between 9th and 10th Streets 76 A l t e r n a t i v e One, D Street Between 9th and 10th Streets 78 22 I n t e r s e c t i o n of 14th and C S t r e e t s 80 23 Recommended Street Modifications 82 24 Recommended B u s Routes - 1973 84 25 Recommended B u s Routes - 1973 w i t h S t r e e t s Q o s e d for Subway C o n s t r u c t i o n 86 21 ��S u m m a r y of F i n d i n g s a n d Recommendations FINDINGS OF T H E STUDY 1. I f t h e r e i s to be no change i n the planned employment and p a r k ing for the Southwest employment a r e a , both bus s e r v i c e and c a r occupancies must i n c r e a s e d r a s t i c a l l y i f the growing n u m b e r of Southwest employees a r e to get to and f r o m w o r k without e x c e s s i v e delay i n t r a v e l . 2. T h e most c r i t i c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and p a r k i n g situation w i l l e x i s t during construction of the subway stations i n the a r e a . 3. T h e m a j o r bus loading and unloading location before r a p i d t r a n s i t i s i n operation, w i l l be at D Street between 9th and 10th Streets. 4. T h e r e a r e no plans extant for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r p a r k i n g or for t o u r i s t p a r k i n g , e i t h e r i n the a r e a or i n adjacent a r e a s . 5. T h e suggested continuation of D Street between 4th and 6th S t r e e t s and an extension of D Street over the C e n t e r L e g F r e e way do not appear to be w a r r a n t e d . 6. E m p l o y e e a r r i v a l t i m e s a r e now s p r e a d o v e r a 90 minute p e r i od, peaking around 8:45 a . m . D e p a r t u r e t i m e s a r e now s p r e a d o v e r one hour, peaking around 5:30 p. m . RECOMMENDATIONS Immediate Actions 1. Beyond the efforts a l r e a d y made to i n c r e a s e the bus s e r v i c e to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , additional routes should penet r a t e into the a r e a . ' F i g u r e 16^. 2. Some e x i s t i n g bus routes should be r e l o c a t e d because of c a p a c i t y r e s t r a i n t s , s t r e e t and i n t e r s e c t i o n g e o m e t r i e s i n the a r e a and subway c o n s t r u c t i o n ( F i g u r e 16). xiii �3. T r a n s i t r i d i n g should be made m o r e a t t r a c t i v e by p r o v i s i o n of bus s h e l t e r s at a l l m a j o r loading points. 4. T h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d Avenue should be i m p r o v e d i m m e d i a t e l y to provide for an adequate curb r a d i u s for buses. 5. P r o v i s i o n s should be made f o r a m a j o r bus loading and unloading a r e a at D S t r e e t between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s . 6. O n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g should be r e m o v e d at the following m a j o r l a y o v e r and loading l o c a t i o n s : • D S t r e e t between 12th and 14th S t r e e t s • C S t r e e t between 7th and 9th S t r e e t s • D S t r e e t between 2nd and 3 r d S t r e e t s • 2nd S t r e e t between D Street and V i r g i n i a Avenue • V i r g i n i a Avenue between 3 r d and 4th S t r e e t s 7. 8. F r e e w a y and e x p r e s s w a y c o n s t r u c t i o n i n and around the a r e a should be a c c e l e r a t e d i n o r d e r to d e c r e a s e the percentage of through t r a f f i c . 9. A d d i t i o n a l p a r k i n g w i l l be needed for employees and b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s . T h e North P o r t a l Site (at l e a s t 1, 000 s p a c e s ) , Square 386 and the p a r k land south of D O T B u i l d i n g should be made a v a i l a b l e for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' p a r k i n g . F e a s i b i l i t y studies w i l l be n e c e s s a r y to d e t e r m i n e the demand i n each a r e a more precisely. 10. T o c r e a t e p a r k i n g for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s , the number of p a r k i n g spaces could be i n c r e a s e d i n buildings not yet approved, n a m e l y the DGS Office B u i l d i n g , South P o r t a l B u i l d i n g (Square 577), T e r m i n a l Office B u i l d i n g , C o m m u n i t y B u i l d i n g (Square 582) and the proposed development on Square 537. 11. B e c a u s e of a l a c k of space i n the study a r e a , T h e M a l l should be used for underground p a r k i n g f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s and for tourists. 12. T o optimize t r a f f i c flows i n the a r e a , a number of s t r e e t and t r a f f i c operation modifications a r e recommended ( F i g u r e 23). 13. xiv Strong efforts must be made to i n c r e a s e automobile occupancy. U n i f o r m p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s should be e s t a b l i s h e d . A v e r a g e auto p a s s e n g e r s p e r c a r w i l l have to n e a r l y double i f no additional p a r k i n g i s to be provided. W i t h i n the e x i s t i n g schedule of staggered w o r k h o u r s , changes �should be made p r i m a r i l y among new employees moving into the a r e a i n the f u t u r e . 14. T o coordinate the staggering of w o r k h o u r s , to promote c a r pooling, to negotiate i m p r o v e d bus s e r v i c e , to promote t r a n s i t usage and to coordinate many other a c t i v i t i e s , the e x i s t i n g T r a n s p o r t a tion and P a r k i n g staff should be continued. 1 9 7 0 - 1973 1. U n t i l completion of the b a s i c r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m , m o r e buses w i l l be needed i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . B u s routes w i l l have to be adjusted upon completion of new buildings ( F i g u r e s 19 and 24). 2. D u r i n g subway station c o n s t r u c t i o n , t r a f f i c should be maintained on 12th S t r e e t to the m a x i m u m extent p o s s i b l e . 3. Subway station c o n s t r u c t i o n at 7th and D S t r e e t s , S. W . , should be planned to p e r m i t t r a f f i c operations through t h i s c r i t i c a l i n t e r s e c t i o n at a l l t i m e s , except f o r t e m p o r a r y c l o s i n g at nights and on weekends. 4. Subway stations should be designed to p e r m i t d i r e c t p e d e s t r i a n a c c e s s into buildings whenever f e a s i b l e to e a s e p e d e s t r i a n m o v e ments and to reduce p e d e s t r i a n - v e h i c l e c o n f l i c t s . 5. A p e d e s t r i a n o v e r p a s s should be built at 14th S t r e e t south of D S t r e e t providing a safe connection between the B u r e a u of E n g r a v ing and P r i n t i n g and the proposed p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e at the North P o r t a l S i t e . P e d e s t r i a n s now u s i n g the c r o s s w a l k at 14th and C S t r e e t s could a l s o use the proposed o v e r p a s s . 6. T h e T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and P a r k i n g staff should be continued during this period. xv ��Chapter I Introduction THE AREA The Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a - - the subject of t h i s r e p o r t - - i s bounded by and i n c l u d e s : • 15th S t r e e t and Maine Avenue on the w e s t • Independence Avenue on the north • South C a p i t o l and C a n a l S t r e e t s on the east • T h e Southwest F r e e w a y on the south—'' D u r i n g the study some modifications to the boundaries w e r e made to i n clude the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g and some p a r k i n g l o t s . T h e Study A r e a , including these modifications, i s i l l u s t r a t e d in F i g u r e 1. T h e concentration of employment i s r a p i d l y i n c r e a s i n g i n the a r e a . F r o m an employment population of 21, 000 i n 1960, the a r e a now (1968) has 38, 280 e m p l o y e e s . B y 1973 it w i l l accommodate 82, 770 w o r k e r s and a l m o s t 100, 000 w o r k e r s by 1985. T h e scope of Southwest employment i s compared w i t h other Washington Metropolitan employment concentrations i n T a b l e 1. T h e s i z e of the a r e a i s 0. 37 square m i l e s , or a p p r o x i m a t e l y 240 a c r e s . T h i s i s m o r e than t w i c e a s l a r g e a s the F e d e r a l T r i a n g l e and a l m o s t four t i m e s the a c r e a g e consumed by the R o s s l y n office development. STUDY INPUTS T h e following b a s i c assumptions w e r e given to the Consultant: • T h e potential number of employees i n the Study A r e a w i l l be — C o n c e r n w i t h the Southwest F r e e w a y w a s l i m i t e d to the r a m p s . �AVENU CONSTITUTI E il o MADISON DRIVE ts , I -ç rft t u T t¡l ilJ $ STRËNT -fi t ifl É x I I -þ J J "d .¿ X f* u -l L ai't 18 ût L {/} ÍL (J 4 12 J U ¡ rr ù r t.... E FRËTW G 28 I A STRËIÏT I WASHINGTON 24. l. 2. 3. 4. Bur. Print & Engr. Liberry LoonlAuditors Bldg. Agriculture Admin. & South Engroving Annex Agricullure Annex óo. North Portsl (SQ 2ó7-2ó8) 5. ób. FIGURE I STUDY AREA t7. FB #l0B Pepco 8. Wolpe 9. McLochlen Eonk I5. ló. GHI o. South e. Hotel b. North West t0. I l. Forrestol 12. sQ 38ó t3. Fo¡tql 14. ROB GSA 7. FB #IOA l Buil'din9 HUD L'Enfqnt Plozo f. c. Center d. Easi Army Times Ofis Elovqtors 26. 27. AV TEGEND Rood Builders 25. Comm'l 18. s8 4ó3 19. FB #ó 20. DGS Office (SO 493) 21. Reporters Building 22. Nossif Building 23. Coffey Smifh Eostmon Kodqk 28. Police ond Fire 29. Smith Corono 30. Gulf 3l' Copitol Film 32o. HEW North 32b. HEW South 33. -t) g äNTËR LNG *F INNää t*TP FRtrIWÅY 39 43 30. CHANNEL BRIDGE þ : o t¿, I l\ E L UJ t! þ tl} lóc ËËT D þ ul l¡ 4 t¡J & tt¡, rñ P þ q/, 7 ITJ $TRilËT a{ F E {I þ- trt t-- nt' UJ Èrl STRHN Tä ÅVHþ¡UI: l¡{ÐHpËN I 't3th 6a. EFFERSCIN DRIVE South Portsl (SO. 577) j 34. FB #8 35. Terminol Office 3ó. FB #r 37. C.ommunity (S0. 582) 38. SQ. 537 39. Pepco Sub-stotion 40. Phillips 41. 42. Morket Center Morket lnn Morfsir 43. 44. C&P 45. Community @ Not @ rrl 1o Scole Superblock Eilsf ing Buildings Buildings Proposed Lhder Construction DStreet Proposed Subwoy Route Buildinss �T A B L E 1: E m p l o y m e n t Concentrations i n the Washington Region Total Employment Employment A r e a J e f f e r s o n D a v i s Development J e f f e r s o n D a v i s Development Pentagon Defense Office B u i l d i n g R o s s l y n (existing) R o s s l y n (ultimate) Federal Triangle State Department Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a ( e x i s t i n g and approved) (forecast 1985) (existing) (1970) (1973) (ultimate) 28, 000 94,000 23,000 10, 000 15,000 30, 000 17,670 14,440 38, 280 65,700 82, 770 100, 000 a p p r o x i m a t e l y 90, 000 i n the second f o r e c a s t y e a r . ( D u r i n g the study t h i s f i g u r e w a s adjusted for changes i n the building c o n struction schedule.) • A subway line w i l l p a s s through the Study A r e a . T h e route w i l l be the one approved by C o n g r e s s . T h e r e w i l l be four stations i n o r i m m e d i a t e l y adjacent to the Study A r e a . • D i s t r i b u t i o n of c o m m u t e r s by m a j o r route o r c o r r i d o r w i l l be about the s a m e a s at p r e s e n t . • No p a r k i n g w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n the Study A r e a i n addition to that i n planned buildings and on open land pending development. T h e Consultant obtained data a n d / o r information f r o m the following sources: • T r a f f i c counts - D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a , Department of Highways and T r a f f i c • L o c a t i o n of p a r k i n g entrances and e x i t s and the number of p a r k ing spaces for each of the selected future y e a r s - D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Redevelopment L a n d Agency and G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s Administration �• P r e s e n t r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of Southwest A r e a E m p l o y e e s General Services Administration • E s t i m a t e d date of completion for each building - D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Redevelopment L a n d Agency • A v a i l a b l e p a r k i n g , t r a f f i c and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n data f r o m p r e v i o u s studies - Southwest A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e ( G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s Administration, A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , Inc.) • Amended U r b a n R e n e w a l P l a n f o r Southwest P r o j e c t A r e a " C " D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Redevelopment L a n d Agency • S t r e e t c o n s t r u c t i o n schedules - D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Redevelopment L a n d Agency and D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Department of H i g h w a y s and T r a f f i c THE PROBLEM G i v e n the planned employment and p a r k i n g , the b a s i c p r o b l e m i s how best to get the employees to and f r o m w o r k today and i n the n e a r f u t u r e . It i s c l e a r that i m p r o v e d t r a n s i t i s needed i n o r d e r to keep up w i t h the growth of the employment. New bus r o u t e s , a s w e l l a s intensified s e r v i c e , a r e needed. B y 1973, a p p r o x i m a t e l y 510 b u s e s w i l l be needed i n the peak hour. E v e n w i t h i m p r o v e d t r a n s i t , the a v e r a g e c a r occupancy w i l l have to i n c r e a s e f r o m i t s c u r r e n t l e v e l of 1. 77 to 2.40 by 1973 i f no additional p a r k ing i s to be provided to s e r v e the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . Strong efforts w i l l be needed to obtain an a v e r a g e of 2. 40 Southwest employees p e r c a r . T h e a v e r a g e auto p a s s e n g e r s p e r c a r w i l l have to n e a r l y double i n o r d e r to attain this f i g u r e . T h e 2.40 figure i s higher than has been obs e r v e d by the Consultant i n any l a r g e s c a l e a r e a . F o r e x a m p l e , 1. 8 w a s found i n the S u r v e y of F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e s by G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a tion i n 1961. T h e Institute of T r a f f i c E n g i n e e r s found that . . . a v e r a g e occupancy f a c t o r s of a s high a s 4. 0 a r e theor e t i c a l l y p o s s i b l e . H o w e v e r , under p r e s e n t economic conditions and philosophy ('freedom of c h o i c e ' ) i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s , such high a v e r a g e occupancy f a c t o r s a r e u n r e a l i s t i c . 1./ — " C a p a c i t i e s and L i m i t a t i o n s of U r b a n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Modes, " I T E I n f o r m a t i o n R e p o r t , May 1965. 4 �A p o l i c y input to t h i s study w a s that no p a r k i n g beyond those s p a c e s c u r r e n t l y planned for the a r e a should be contemplated. D u r i n g the study it b e c a m e c l e a r that additional p a r k i n g w a s badly needed for e m p l o y e e s , a s w e l l a s f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s . I t w a s found that at some locations ( m e n tioned l a t e r i n t h i s r e p o r t ) additional peak hour t r a f f i c could be handled if other r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , such as staggered w o r k h o u r s , a r e implemented. T h e i n c r e a s e d p a r k i n g should be p r i m a r i l y f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s w h i c h would generate p r i m a r i l y off-peak hour t r i p s . T h e p a r k i n g p o l i c y w a s t h e r e f o r e modified a c c o r d i n g to these r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s . T o place the p a r k i n g situation in the Southwest A r e a i n context c o m p a r i sons have been made w i t h other employment a r e a s using a r a t i o of the numb e r of employees to the number of p a r k i n g s p a c e s . T a b l e 2 shows that the e x i s t i n g employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o for the Southwest A r e a i s 3. 9. Note that of those developments l i s t e d i n T a b l e 2, only the F e d e r a l T r i angle has a higher r a t i o . T w o explanations can be given for the F e d e r a l T r i a n g l e r a t i o . F i r s t , the usage of t r a n s i t i n the F e d e r a l T r i a n g l e i s twice as high a s for the Southwest A r e a . Second, i n c a l c u l a t i n g the 9. 4 f i g u r e , only p a r k i n g w i t h i n the v e r y l i m i t e d a r e a of the T r i a n g l e i t s e l f has been c o n s i d e r e d . T h e r e i s substantial additional p a r k i n g a v a i l a b l e i m m e d i a t e l y outside the F e d e r a l T r i a n g l e . F o r a redevelopment a r e a l i k e the Southwest, the employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o c a n be c o n s i d e r e d as high. 5 �/ T A B L E 2: E m p l o y e e P e r P a r k i n g Space C o m p a r i s o n Employment A r e a J e f f e r s o n D a v i s Development ( e x i s t i n g and approved) J e f f e r s o n D a v i s Development ( f o r e c a s t 1985) Pentagon Defense Office B u i l d i n g R o s s l y n (existing) R o s s l y n (ultimate) Federal Triangle State Department Tysons Corner Rockville - Gaithersburg Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a ( e x i s t i n g ) Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a (1970) Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a (1973) Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a (ultimate) R a t i o of E m p l o y e e s P e r P a r k i n g Space 2 2 7-' a/ ' a 4 2.4-; 9.4^ 1.5^ 2 ' 8 f 5.7- 7 a/ — A r l i n g t o n County P l a n n e r . June 1968. —^ Defense Office B u i l d i n g , A n a c o s t i a - B o i l i n g A r e a Study by A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , J a n u a r y 1967. c/ — Developed f r o m the F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e P a r k i n g and T r a n s p o r t a t i o n S u r v e y , G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , 1962. —^ Zoning Manual, r e o r g a n i z e d v e r s i o n of the Zoning O r d i n a n c e , County of F a i r f a x , V i r g i n i a . e/ — Montgomery County Zoning O r d i n a n c e . f/ — Including t e m p o r a r y p a r k i n g . T a b l e 2 a l s o shows an i n c r e a s e i n the employee p e r p a r k i n g space r a t i o i n the next f i v e y e a r s - - the y e a r s before the b a s i c r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m w i l l be i n operation. T h e planned employment to p a r k i n g r a t i o indicates that the percentage of p e r s o n s u s i n g t r a n s i t a n d / o r the a v e r a g e auto occupancy for c a r s p a r k i n g i n the Study A r e a must i n c r e a s e . 6 �Although a stringent u n i f o r m p a r k i n g p o l i c y for the whole a r e a m a y r e s u l t i n a higher a v e r a g e c a r occupancy than today, c o n s i d e r a t i o n should be given to whether o r not employees w i l l t o l e r a t e s u c h a policy i f employment e x i s t s i n other a r e a s w i t h m o r e acceptable conditions. Some c o n t r o l might be e x e r c i s e d by government a g e n c i e s . T h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s w i l l depend on the number of employees included i n the control effort. T o d a y 7. 5 percent of the total employment i s p r i v a t e , having a p p r o x i m a t e l y 18 percent of the t o t a l number of p a r k i n g s p a c e s . Depending on how much office space w i l l be l e a s e d to governmental a g e n c i e s , p r i v a t e e m ployment m a y be up to 30 percent by 1970, c o n t r o l l i n g 50 to 60 percent of the total number of p a r k i n g s p a c e s . I t i s u n l i k e l y that comparable steps w i l l be taken by p r i v a t e e m p l o y e r s i n the a r e a . T h e most c r i t i c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and p a r k i n g situation w i l l e x i s t during c o n s t r u c t i o n of the subway stations i n the a r e a . OTHER STUDIES T h e following studies w e r e r e v i e w e d f o r both background and appropriate inputs to t h i s study. 1. U r b a n R e n e w a l P l a n f o r Southwest U r b a n R e n e w a l A r e a P r o j e c t C , National C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n , November 30, 1956, plus modifications. T h i s i s the b a s i c document for the r e d e velopment of the Southwest A r e a , of w h i c h the Southwest E m ployment A r e a i s a p a r t . 2. T h e report " P r o v i s i o n of P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , " p r e p a r e d by A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , D e c e m b e r 1966. T h i s study considered three specific t i m e periods: • P e r i o d p r i o r to operation of b a s i c r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m • P e r i o d i n w h i c h G Street subway i s i n operation • P e r i o d i n w h i c h Southwest A r e a has d i r e c t subway s e r v i c e T h e purpose of the study w a s to investigate public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n needs i n the Southwest A r e a , to identify potential t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o b l e m s , and to p r e p a r e p r e l i m i n a r y and conceptual solutions to public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n d e f i c i e n c i e s found. T h e r e p o r t indicated that "the r a p i d Southwest A r e a development, the planned c l o s i n g of a number of C a p i t o l M a l l s t r e e t s , the c o n s t r u c t i o n of the �I n n e r Loop F r e e w a y and i t s connections and the subway s y s t e m c o n s t r u c t i o n a l l r e q u i r e many d e c i s i o n s of m a j o r proportions w h i c h should be backed up by detailed t r a f f i c p r o j e c t i o n s . " T h e following recommendations w e r e made: • " F o r the period p r i o r to subway operation it i s r e c o m m e n d ed that sufficient development of buildings be delayed to m a i n t a i n an employee p e r p a r k i n g r a t i o not exceeding 5. 3 authorized employees p e r p a r k i n g s p a c e . " • " P a r k i n g spaces should be allocated on the b a s i s of need r a t h e r than on the b a s i s of the number of spaces a v a i l a b l e i n the p a r t i c u l a r buildings occupied by any given g o v e r n ment agency. T h e a l l o c a t i o n should provide some balance i n the number of employees p e r p a r k i n g space. " • " E v e r y effort should be made to promote c a r pooling by employees. " • " P l a n n i n g and negotiation f o r i n t e n s i f i e d bus s e r v i c e should be s t a r t e d at once. " • " I n c r e a s e d t r a n s i t s e r v i c e should be provided i m m e d i a t e l y upon the opening of new buildings or upon c l o s u r e of i n t e r im parking lots. " • " B u s r i d i n g has to be promoted. " • " I n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th and D S t r e e t s must be modified to a c commodate b u s e s . " • " P e r m a n e n t c e n t r a l i z e d bus t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s a r e not recommended because of the nature of the s e r v i c e r e q u i r e d by the a r e a . " • " S p e c i a l loading f a c i l i t i e s a r e n e c e s s i t a t e d on D Street b e tween 9th and 10th S t r e e t s because of future t r a f f i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n the a r e a and heavy bus loading a c t i v i t i e s . A one-way s t r e e t operation eastbound between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s i s recommended. " • " B u i l d i n g and subway c o n s t r u c t i o n should be coordinated. Concentrations of employees should be placed adjacent to subway s t a t i o n s . " • " E s t a b l i s h a Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and parking committee. " R a i l R a p i d T r a n s i t Patronage F o r e c a s t , J u l y 1967. T h i s r e p o r t has s i g n i f i c a n c e to the Southwest A r e a through i t s a n a l y s i s of the modified b a s i c r a p i d t r a n s i t s y s t e m . T h e modified s y s t e m �as presented i n t h i s r e p o r t and i n the 1966 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Studyw a s o f f i c i a l l y adopted. I t r e p r e s e n t e d a m a j o r change for the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a by r e l o c a t i n g the downtown portion of the Benning L i n e to provide s e r v i c e through the employment area. 4. S e v e r a l studies have been made by R a l p h R e c h e l and L e e H . Rogers. • • " T r a n s i t S e r v i c e Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a ( C u r r e n t Situation), " November 24, 1967. I n t h i s study, a r e s i d e n t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of 35, 000 Southwest employees w a s made u s i n g the postal z i p codes f r o m employee a d d r e s s e s . A map of the e n t i r e National C a p i t o l Region w a s p r e p a r e d w i t h about 90 d e m a r c a t e d home d e l i v e r y zip code zones. A l l zip codes w i t h o v e r 30 employees w o r k i n g i n the Southw e s t (106 total) a r e r e p r e s e n t e d on the map. • 5. " P a r k i n g i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . " November 20, 1967. A n inventory w a s made of the a v a i l a b l e open lot p a r k ing w i t h i n and adjacent to the Study A r e a . T h e report i n d i cates that although t h e r e i s no p a r k i n g c r i s i s at present (1967) t h e r e w i l l not be enough p a r k i n g spaces a v a i l a b l e by the t i m e the F o r r e s t a l and N a s s i f B u i l d i n g s a r e occupied. R e p o r t on " P e d e s t r i a n W a l k w a y R e q u i r e m e n t s i n the Southwest Employment A r e a . " D r a f t r e p o r t on " P u b l i c T r a n s i t R e v i e w i n the Southwest E m p l o y ment A r e a , D e s c r i p t i o n and Recommendations, " L e e H . R o g e r s , May 1968. T h e r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s the m a j o r employment c e n t e r s , and s t r e e t p a t t e r n s , and d i s c u s s e s present t r a n s i t s e r v i c e . R e c ommendations a r e made for i m p r o v e m e n t . THIS STUDY T h i s study p r i m a r i l y e x a m i n e s the e x i s t i n g and projected modal s p l i t s ; the adequacy of the s t r e e t and highway network to accommodate b u s e s , p r i vate autos and t a x i s , a s w e l l a s p e d e s t r i a n s ; the e x i s t i n g p r o b l e m s ; the anticipated problems i n two f o r e c a s t y e a r s and the recommended solutions. T h e f i r s t y e a r that has been examined i s 1968, the y e a r i n w h i c h data w e r e obtained. T h e a r e a employee population w a s 38, 280. S e v e r a l buildings, 9 �s u c h a s the H U D B u i l d i n g and L ' E n f a n t P l a z a South, w e r e j u s t completed. O t h e r s , s u c h a s the F o r r e s t a l B u i l d i n g , the N a s s i f B u i l d i n g and L ' E n f a n t P l a z a North w e r e under c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e complete development schedule i s shown i n T a b l e 3. T h e f i r s t f o r e c a s t y e a r , 1970, i s the y e a r when buildings now under cons t r u c t i o n w i l l be completed. T h e Group H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , I n c . , B u i l d i n g , L ' E n f a n t P l a z a , the development on Square 4 6 3 , and the M a r f a i r B u i l d i n g a l l a r e expected to be completed by the end of 1970. T h e employee population w i l l have grown to m o r e than 65, 000. T h e second f o r e c a s t y e a r that has been studied i s 1973, o r i g i n a l l y the y e a r before the planned completion of the D S t r e e t subway. 1 / A l m o s t 85 p e r cent of the u l t i m a t e Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a population, or 82, 700 e m ployees, w i l l occupy the a r e a . T h e North P o r t a l and P o r t a l S i t e s and the DGS B u i l d i n g w i l l be under construction. — Developments during the past twelve months show that delays i n subway construction m a y be expected. A t t h i s t i m e , it i s l i k e l y that the D S t r e e t subway w i l l not be i n operation before 1975. 10 �T A B L E 3: Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Development Schedule SUPERBLOCK PROJECT ESTIMATED DATE OF OCCUPANCY m» EMPLOYMENT * PARKING PERM. TEMP. EMPLOYMENT 1970 PARKING PERM. TEMP. A Bur. Print. & Engr. L i b e r t y Loan/Auditors Bldg. C 1616 1124 146 1600 600 B Agriculture Admin. & South Engraving Annex Agriculture Annex c c c 8864 2294 254 755 755 47 350 9600 2300 300 North P o r t a l (sq. 267-268) Portal Pepco Wolpe M c L a c h l e n Bank GHI ULT. ULT. C 66 64 70 _ _ - - 450 700 - - 515 F o r r e s t a l Building SQ 386 F B #10A R O B GSA 69 ULT. 63 C _ _ C 0 E F G H I J HUD L'Enfant P l a z a South North Center East Hotel West Comm'l F B #10B SQ 463 F B »6 DGS Office (sq. 493) Reporters Building 10 53 10 - - 1131 - 2372 45 766 . C C 73 65 ULT. C ULT. 73 71 60 59 59 Marfair C & P Community 69 C ULT. 3900 4000 4200 1700 1 1700 > 300 ) - _ 15 18 40 20 5 26 3736 1 1940 1 301 1223 - 425 102 40 2578 200 _ - . ' - - 70 60 - - 10 53 10 2000 14 20 11 600 3800 1 2800 1 10 53 10 2000 560 6500 560 6500 38280 Other parking includes parking lot under Southwest F r e e w a y , parking lot south of the Southwest Freeway between 7th and 9th Streets and parking lots north of Independence Avenue between 4th and 7th Streets. 3344 - - 740 124 500 4600 1700 - 3900 4300 1400 2500 2300 1000 217 1100 214 217 1100 214 900 155 1500 101 31 54 15 18 40 20 5 26 7500 800 275 250 22 35 99 110 19 90 _ 210 550 - - 3800 1 2100 1 2800 1500 100 40 465 6470 310 550 293 60 - . _ - - 1400 10 16 196 106 1200 14 5 100 32 - 293 60 630 1100 70 3700 9251 3741 45 1145 1381 65701 3900 1 2000 2800 1500 2500 2600 1000 1400 10 16 196 106 2600 5 100 32 1100 70 301 500 102 1100 70 3700 45 16 196 106 - 82771 13740 500 1000 1500 101 31 54 15 18 40 20 5 26 40 2600 - 160 7500 800 275 250 22 35 99 110 19 90 310 560 5700 100 . 1500 101 31 54 15 18 40 20 5 26 - - 0 1300 155 - 9 14 20 11 600 4800 1700 1700 300 1800 1300 800 301 5 740 124 155 - 1 500 5700 I ioo ; 217 100 214 - 1100 3900 4100 1 1700 ) 300 1800 \ 100 / _ - 146 740 124 J 1300 1945 Projects marked with C were completed and occupied prior to 1960. - 450 700 - 47 14 20 11 600 102 5 100 32 - 755 - 1300 - 16 196 106 9600 2300 3000 1400 2500 2300 4200 800 3500 1 2100 ) 45 - - 755 7500 800 275 250 22 35 99 110 19 90 . - 22 35 99 110 19 90 - 350 - - 101 31 - 1600 - 800 410 214 155 810 275 146 47 - - 1100 2500 2400 EMPLOYMENT 9600 2300 300 - 217 - - - - Other Parking ** TOTAL - . - _ 10 53 10 2000 6400 - 740 124 - 69 67 65 67 64 64 60 64 61 62 T e r m i n a l Office F B #1 Community (sq. 582) SQ 537 Pepco Sub-Station Phillips Market Center Market Inn 14 20 11 _ 63 70 61 ULT. 65 HEW North HEW South South Portal (sq. 577) F B #8 - 3926 4250 68 68 68 68 71 71 71 71 NASSIF Building Coffey Smith Road Builders Army Times Otis Elevators Eastman Kodak Police and F i r e Smith Corona Gulf Capitol F i l m - ULTIMATE PERM. PARKING PERM. PARKING 1600 600 146 c 1973 EMPLOYMENT 301 500 102 550 45 245 1200 14 5 100 32 293 60 630 519 99171 17452 ��PART I FINDINGS ��Chapter II T h e A r e a I n 1968 PLANNING The U r b a n R e n e w a l P l a n f o r the Southwest U r b a n R e n e w a l A r e a , P r o j e c t C , of w h i c h the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a i s a p a r t , w a s o r i g i n a l l y adopted by the National C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n on A p r i l 5, 1956, and a p proved by the B o a r d of C o m m i s s i o n e r s of the D i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a on November 30, 1956. M a j o r p a r t s of the U r b a n R e n e w a l P l a n a r e a l r e a d y c a r r i e d out. Some buildings a r e under c o n s t r u c t i o n and t h e r e i s economic p r e s s u r e to develop the r e m a i n i n g p a r c e l s . POPULATION The e x i s t i n g Southwest A r e a population of 38, 280 w i l l grow within a y e a r by another 15,400 employees. T h e number of employees i n 1968 w a s g r e a t e r than other Washington A r e a employment concentrations shown i n T a b l e 1. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION T h e bus s e r v i c e to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a w a s inadequate, w i t h only one m a j o r bus r o u t e - - D . C . T r a n s i t L i n e No. 70 t e r m i n a t i n g i n the -was • only-' one4xgg*re*yfee»»^^ a r e a . B u s s e r v i c e did not keep up w i t h the opening of new buildings. I n 1969, there w i l l be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 53, 700 employees i n the a r e a . A s s u m ing 27 percent w i l l a r r i v e by bus ( T a b l e 4) and 62 percent w i l l a r r i v e i n the a . m . peak hour, at l e a s t 60 additional buses must be routed through the a r e a during the peak hour. A s the number of p a r k i n g spaces i s l i m i t e d , the 1. 77 average c a r occupancy a n d / o r the percentage usage of t r a n s i t m u s t i m m e d i a t e l y be i n c r e a s e d . �T A B L E 4: E x i s t i n g Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p To Work P r i v a t e auto Bus Taxi Walk Other Total 68. 26. 1. 2. 0. F r o m Work 8% 8% 6% 6% 2% 68. 5% 27. 7% 0. 7% 2. 7% 0.4% 100. 0% 100. 0% The following s t r e e t s a r e u s e d by buses moving north-south through or adjacent to the a r e a : • 15th Street ( r u s h hour route), D . C . T r a n s i t • 14th S t r e e t , A B & W and W V & M • 12th S t r e e t , D . C . T r a n s i t • 12th Street E x p r e s s w a y , A B & W and D . C . T r a n s i t • 7th S t r e e t , D . C . T r a n s i t • 4th S t r e e t , D . C . T r a n s i t • South C a p i t o l and C a n a l S t r e e t s , WM&A E a c h l i n e has one or m o r e stops i n the Southwest a r e a , but none of them s e r v e s a m a j o r p a r t of i t . THE STREET SYSTEM A t the t i m e of the s u r v e y , D Street w a s c l o s e d between 9th and 12th S t r e e t . A s a r e s u l t , the Study A r e a w a s s p l i t into two a r e a s w i t h the only a c c e s s to each other along Independence Avenue and the Southwest F r e e w a y . D Street has s i n c e been opened. T h e e x i s t i n g s t r e e t s y s t e m i s shown i n F i g u r e 2. T h e r e a r e a number of n o r t h - s o u t h s t r e e t s s e r v i n g the a r e a . Some of t h e m have complete a c c e s s to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , such a s 12th, 7th, 6th, 4th, 3 r d and 2nd S t r e e t s . O t h e r s have l i m i t e d a c c e s s o r e g r e s s to and f r o m the a r e a , such a s 15th and 14th S t r e e t s , 11th Street 16 �6 INDEPENDENCE AVENUE 1-- \ t-- tu uJ LU t---- I.IJ É. É. t-- UJ Lu F v) v) É. \ F TU uJ \ \ É. F- v> l-- at', + \t tr) + .st È c\ C STREET D STREET u) t-- F- É. É. V> .t't lll É. F t/> F- lrl IU uJ f- t-'- UJ È È o. IU È l.\ E SOUTHWEST FREEWAY FIGURE 2 EXISTING STREET SYSTEM STREET �E x p r e s s w a y , 10th S t r e e t M a l l , 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y (under construction), C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y (under construction) and C a n a l S t r e e t . T h e r e a r e only two e a s t - w e s t through s t r e e t s , n a m e l y Independence A v e nue on the n o r t h e r n boundary of the a r e a w i t h l i m i t e d a c c e s s to the a r e a due to left t u r n prohibitions, and Southwest F r e e w a y - Maine Avenue on the southern boundary w i t h a l i m i t e d number of r a m p s leading into the a r e a . T h e r e i s no continuous e a s t - w e s t t r a f f i c route w i t h i n the a r e a . Although t h i s d i s c o u r a g e s e a s t - w e s t through t r i p s , it a l s o i n h i b i t s effective i n t e r n a l c i r c u l a t i o n . E a s t - w e s t bus routing through the a r e a i s e s p e c i a l l y difficult. DISTRICT HIGHWAY PROGRAM Highway i m p r o v e m e n t s i n and around the a r e a w e r e underway or planned for the f i v e y e a r p e r i o d , 1 9 6 8 - 1973. Under c o n s t r u c t i o n w e r e : • T h e 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y • T h e C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y under T h e M a l l Planned construction includes: • 4th S t r e e t and 14th S t r e e t u n d e r p a s s e s under the M a l l • C e r e m o n i a l D r i v e c r o s s i n g T h e M a l l between 2nd and 3 r d S t r e e t s • T h e C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y between Independence Avenue and the Southwest F r e e w a y S e v e r a l n o r t h - s o u t h s t r e e t s c a r r y l a r g e through m o v e m e n t s . Completion of the D i s t r i c t Highway P r o g r a m w i l l d e c r e a s e the through movements i n the Southwest A r e a . TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS T h e e x i s t i n g peak hour t r a f f i c v o l u m e s a r e shown i n F i g u r e 3. Although v o l u m e s a r e shown at m i d - b l o c k l o c a t i o n s , c a p a c i t y i s p r i m a r i l y c o n t r o l l e d by the i n t e r s e c t i o n s . 18 �AM r380 610 r385 F rô l¡J IU 1720 2220 æ. F at7 lo F IU t-- trJ o \l t¡J F- É. F- É. at't uJ ct ñt \o an Ê o\ SOUTHW REEWAY PM (tss0) (1220) (465) ll! (470) a I,IJ É (1700) o\ F ./) + 1O RE ¡.l \o s F UJ l! Ç Þ. F. I UJ u,t É, t-- e. F tt, + o oo + o. at', \t SCATE M 3W SOUTHIV n@ FREEWAY t0i,0 YEHICTES FIGURE 3 EXISTING PEAK HOUR VOLUMES NOTE: Volumes Shown do Not lnclude Buses PEI }IOUI w �C a p a c i t y w a s c a l c u l a t e d at l e v e l of s e r v i c e C and D using the A to E r a t ings of the Highway C a p a c i t y Manual (Appendix A ) . It w a s found that t h e r e a r e no p l a c e s where the e x i s t i n g 1968 peak hour volumes exceed c a pacity at a l e v e l of s e r v i c e D. Although l e v e l of s e r v i c e D should not be considered a s a d e s i r a b l e l e v e l of s e r v i c e , it i s a tolerable l e v e l i n u r b a n a r e a s and there a r e no f e a s i b l e means to i n c r e a s e the l e v e l of s e r v i c e at the c r i t i c a l i n t e r s e c t i o n s i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . Heavy peak hour t r a f f i c v o l u m e s w e r e found at 14th S t r e e t , along Independence Avenue, on 7th Street between C and D S t r e e t s , on 4th S t r e e t , and on the Southwest F r e e w a y r a m p s at 2nd S t r e e t . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 31 percent of the total v e h i c l e t r i p s i n the peak hour w e r e l o c a l t r i p s ( t r i p s w i t h o r i g i n s , destinations, or both i n the Southwest A r e a ) , corresponding w i t h 0. 23 v e h i c l e t r i p s p e r employee i n the a . m . peak hour. I n the e x i s t i n g highway and s t r e e t network, the following s t r e e t s c a r r y the m a j o r part of the through movements: North-South • • • • • • • 15th Street 14th Street 11th Street E x p r e s s w a y 7th Street 4th Street Southwest F r e e w a y r a m p s at 2nd Street i n connection w i t h 1st and 3 r d S t r e e t s South C a p i t o l and C a n a l S t r e e t s East-West • Independence Avenue • Southwest F r e e w a y • Maine Avenue T h e proportion of through t r i p s on l o c a l s t r e e t s i n the Southwest A r e a w a s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 69 percent i n the peak hour. T h i s included a l l through m o v e ment except through t r a f f i c on the 11th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y . T h i s percentage should d e c r e a s e a f t e r completion of the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y and the C e n ter Leg Freeway. 20 �I n the peak hour, buses constituted l e s s than two percent and t r u c k s constituted four percent o r l e s s of a l l v e h i c l e s . T h e exception w a s the 7th and E S t r e e t s i n t e r s e c t i o n w h e r e t r u c k s w e r e 11 percent of a l l t r a f f i c i n the a . m . peak hour d u r i n g the e x c a v a t i o n f o r the N a s s i f B u i l d i n g . P r o b l e m s r e l a t i n g to c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l be i n t e r m i t t e n t during the development of the area. B u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n i n c r e a s e s t r a f f i c congestion i n t h r e e w a y s : • S t r e e t s a r e n a r r o w e d because c o n s t r u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y and o p e r a tions a r e allowed to u t i l i z e the public r i g h t - o f - w a y • T h e r e i s m o r e loading and unloading due to c o n s t r u c t i o n • T h e percentage of t r u c k s i s higher than n o r m a l . A s shown i n F i g u r e 4, the highest percentages o c c u r before the a r e a peak hours. T h e use of public r i g h t - o f - w a y for c o n s t r u c t i o n operations should be l i m i t e d to off-peak h o u r s . C o n s t r u c t i o n reduces a v a i l a b l e employee p a r k i n g because of: • A d d i t i o n a l t r a f f i c generated by c o n s t r u c t i o n . More c a r s have to be p a r k e d (construction w o r k e r s , s e r v i c e s , e t c . ) • S u r f a c e and c u r b p a r k i n g spaces a r e r e m o v e d A s d i s c u s s e d l a t e r i n t h i s r e p o r t , c o n s t r u c t i o n on the P o r t a l Sites w i l l e l i minate about 1 , 200 p a r k i n g s p a c e s . A great number of drop-offs and p i c k - u p s c a u s e s congestion i n the peak h o u r s . T h e h e a v i e s t drop-off and p i c k - u p locations w e r e found around the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , the D O T B u i l d i n g and the F B I B u i l d i n g . T h e r e a r e no solutions to t h i s p r o b l e m and t h i s situation w i l l add to the congestion i n the f u t u r e . T h e N a s s i f B u i l d i n g garage ( 1 , 500 spaces) w i l l c r e a t e a p a r t i c u l a r p r o b l e m . W i t h e n t r a n c e s only on D S t r e e t and e x i t s only to E S t r e e t , an unacceptable situation w i l l p r e v a i l i n the peak h o u r s . 21 �FIGURE 4 PERCENTAGE OF TRUCKS DURING THE DAY AT TWO LOCATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST EMPLOYMENT AREA �PARKING T h e number of a v a i l a b l e p a r k i n g s p a c e s , including o n - s t r e e t s p a c e s , w a s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 10, 300. T h e e x i s t i n g p a r k i n g situation can best be e x p r e s s e d by the employee p e r p a r k i n g space r a t i o s a s shown i n T a b l e 5. Although the a v e r a g e r a t i o f o r the e n t i r e a r e a i s 3. 9, T a b l e 5 shows m u c h higher r a t i o s around the B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g and P r i n t i n g , the Department of A g r i c u l t u r e , the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g , the Department of H e a l t h , E d u cation and W e l f a r e (north and south) and the F B I B u i l d i n g . A s shown i n T a b l e 2, the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a r a t i o s a r e two to t h r e e t i m e s a s high a s i n other Washington Metropolitan A r e a employment c e n t e r s , B e c a u s e of the l i m i t e d number of p a r k i n g spaces a v a i l a b l e , the c a r o c c u pancy, a s w e l l a s the number of drop-offs and p i c k - u p s , should i n c r e a s e i n the f u t u r e . A l a r g e number of drop-offs and p i c k - u p s has an a d v e r s e effect on t r a f f i c . E v e r y such m a n e u v e r equals two v e h i c l e t r i p s : one f r o m o r i g i n to the a r e a and one f r o m the a r e a to the destination of the d r i v e r . B e s i d e s the influence on t r a f f i c v o l u m e s , the drop-offs and p i c k - u p s r e duce s t r e e t capacity i n the v i c i n i t y of loading and unloading a r e a s . P a r t i c u l a r l y i n the p. m . peak h o u r s , long l i n e s of c a r s (for e x a m p l e , n e a r the F B I B u i l d i n g ) w a i t i n g for t h e i r p a s s e n g e r s have been o b s e r v e d . Due to the p a r k i n g demand, w i t h inadequate s p a c e s , t h e r e a r e many p a r k ing v i o l a t i o n s i n the a r e a . W i t h the expected growth of t r a f f i c , m a x i m u m use of a v a i l a b l e s t r e e t c a p a c i t i e s w i l l r e q u i r e s t r i c t enforcement of p a r k ing r e g u l a t i o n s . A s a r e s u l t , the number of o n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g spaces w i l l decrease. No p r o v i s i o n s have been made for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r p a r k i n g or for t o u r i s t p a r k i n g . Indeed, t h e r e appears to be no plan to provide such p a r k i n g . I n t e r v i e w s , d i s c u s s e d i n m o r e d e t a i l l a t e r i n t h i s r e p o r t , show that a p p r o x i m a t e l y 800 p a r k i n g s p a c e s w e r e r e q u i r e d f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s i n 1968. A f t e r completion of the 10th Street M a l l and O v e r l o o k , t o u r i s t s m a y a l s o be a t t r a c t e d into the Study A r e a . Additional p a r k i n g would be needed f o r these t o u r i s t s . T h e p r o b l e m s pointed out i n t h i s section, together w i t h a r a p i d r e m o v a l of s u r f a c e lots for building c o n s t r u c t i o n , make the p a r k i n g situation i n c r e a s ingly acute. 23 �T A B L E 5: E m p l o y e e P e r P a r k i n g Space R a t i o s 1968 EMPLOYEES PER PARKING SPACE PROJECT Bur. Print. & Engr. 1970 1973 EMPLOYEES PER PARKING S P A C E EMPLOYEES PER PARKING SPACE Liberty Loan/Auditors Bldg. TOTAL SUPERBLOCK A 11. 1 NP* 18.8 ( 1 8 . 7 ) * * 11.0 NP 1 5 . 0 ( 1 5 . 0) 11.0 NP 1 5 . 0 ( 1 5 . 0) A g r i c u l t u r e A d m i n . & South Engraving Annex Agriculture Annex TOTAL SUPERBLOCK B 11.7 NP 5. 4 1 4 . 2 ( 9 . 9) 12. 7 NP 6. 4 1 5 . 2 ( 1 0 . 6) NP 6. 4 15. 2 ( 1 0 . 6) North Portal (sq. 267-268) 1 Portal ) Pepco Wolpe M c L a c h l e n Bank GHI TOTAL SUPERBLOCK C Forrestal S Q 386 11.0 12. 7 NP 2. 7 8. 0 (0. 04) D 7 8 9 3 2 (0. 9) 11. 4 - 5. 3 32. 4 10. 0 ( 1 0 . 0) 9. 5 ( 9 . 5) 0. 7 3. 8 0. 9 3. 3 3. 2 ( 3 . 2) 11.6 - 5. 3 34. 7 10. 3 ( 1 0 . 3) 0. 3. 0. 3. 7 8 9 3 3. 9 11.6 - 5. 3 33. 0 10. 2 - F B #10B SQ 463 F B #6 DGS Office (sq.493) Reporters Building TOTAL SUPERBLOCK NASSIF Building Coffey Smith Road Builders Army Times Otis Elevators E a s t m a n Kodak P o l i c e and F i r e Smith Corona Gulf Capitol F i l m TOTAL SUPERBLOCK H E W North H E W South South P o r t a l (sq. F B #8 0. 3. 0. 3. 3. 5. 3 34. 2 South North Center East Hotel West Comm'l TOTAL SUPERBLOCK I | 1 \ 1 8. 4 9. 2 9. 6 - 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 - - 5. 3 5. 3 ' - ( - ) E 4. 4 ( 4 . 4) 5. 2 5. 1 2. 3 11. 2 11.1 - - 4. 9 7. 2 ( 4 . 1) F 577) TOTAL SUPERBLOCK H Marfair C & P Community TOTAL SUPERBLOCK J 18. 8 5. 7. 8. 4. 1.5 1. 9 2. 5 5. 5 3. 8 3. 5 5. 0 ( 5 . 0) 1.5 1. 9 2. 5 5. 5 3. 8 3. 5 5. 7 ( 5 . 7) 1 1 - 4. 0 4. 1 ( 4 . 1) 5.0 7. 9 8. 9 4. 6 _ G 5. 7 ( 5 . 7) 6. 5 2. 3 10. 7 5. 2 4. 0 (4. 0) 8. 0 8. 9 T e r m i n a l Office F B #1 Community (sq. 582) S Q 537 Pepco Sub-Station Phillips Market Center M a r k e t Inn TOTAL SUPERBLOCK I * ** *** - 1.6 Building HUD L'Enfant Plaza 11.0 2. 4 0. 7 . 3. 8 0. 9 - F B #10A R O B GSA TOTAL SUPERBLOCK 12. 7 ULTIMATE EMPLOYEES PER PARKING SPACE 1. 5 1. 9 2. 5 5. 5 3.8 3. 5 5. 0 ( 5 . 0) 18. 6 - 0 9 9 6 NP 57. 3 NP NP 57.8 57. 8 3. 2 2. 0 3. 3 1 7 . 2 ( 2 . 5) 2. 0 3. 3 16. 2 ( 2 . 8) 3. 8 1.2 - 1.2 1. 2 - (0. 1) No P e r m a n e n t P a r k i n g A v a i l a b l e F i g u r e s in P a r e n t h e s i s Include T e m p o r a r y B u i l d i n g Not Y e t O c c u p i e d 3. 3 ( 3 . 3) Parking 0 9 9 6 1. 1. 2. 5. 3. 3. 5. 5 9 5 5 8 5 0 5. 6 14. 7 1 1. 3 12. 7 17.1 (17.1) - 5. 7. 8. 4. 19. 5 12. 2 17. 0 (6. 3) 3. 2 5 3 7 7 0 6 19. 5 5. 6 14. 7 1 1 . 3 ( 1 1 . 3) - 5. 8 6. 2. 10. 4. 4. 4. •- 1. 0. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2 7 2 0 3 1 ( 3 . 1) 3. 8 1.2 5. 9 5. 0 ( 5 . 0) 4. 6 57.8 4. 1 1. 0. 3. 2. 3. 3. 2 7 2 0 3 6 3. 8 1.2 5. 9 5. 0 �PARKING STUDIES T o obtain i n f o r m a t i o n about the number of t r i p s by p r i v a t e auto originating f r o m and destined to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , it w a s n e c e s s a r y to complement and update the p a r k i n g data f r o m the R e c h e l and R o g e r s P a r k ing S u r v e y and the i n f o r m a t i o n given by the D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency. T h e f i r s t A M V p a r k i n g study r e v i e w e d o n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g i n the a r e a . On e v e r y curb face having l e g i t i m a t e p a r k i n g , the number of c a r s a r r i v i n g and departing between 7:00 - 9:30 a . m . and 4:00 - 6:00 p. m . w a s counted and r e c o r d e d by 15 minute p e r i o d s . T h e s e data w e r e used to c o m pute the productions and a t t r a c t i o n s per curb face f o r the a . m . and p. m . peak h o u r s . T h e second A M V p a r k i n g study c o v e r e d an i n v e n t o r y of a l l e x i s t i n g p a r k ing garages and l o t s , permanent a s w e l l a s t e m p o r a r y , including layout, location of e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s , c a p a c i t y , a c t u a l number of c a r s p r e s e n t during the day and productions and a t t r a c t i o n s during the peak h o u r s . F o r a number of p a r k i n g garages and l o t s , a s shown i n T a b l e s 6 - 1 through 6 - 4 , v e h i c l e counts w e r e made at the e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s f r o m 7 : 0 0 - 9:00 a . m and f r o m 4:00 - 6:00 p. m. T h e counts included the number of p a s s e n g e r s per c a r . A l s o shown i n the tables a r e a t t r a c t i o n s and productions i n the peak hour a s a percentage of the a c t u a l number of c a r s present during the day. T A B L E 6 - 1 : Parking Lot Portal S i t e Number P e r c e n t a g e of C a r s Present During Day Car Occupancy - 7:00 - 8:00 a . m . 8:00 - 9:00 a . m . 149 463 23. 6 73.5 Two Hour T o t a l 612 97. 1 1. 22 59. 2 (63.4) 1. 38 (1.42) 4:00 - 5:00 p. m . 5:00 - 6:00 p. m . 373 , (399)-' — Count made Wednesday, F e b r u a r y 2 1 , 1968. a/ — I n parentheses a r e the r e s u l t s f r o m counts made by L . H . R o g e r s , F r i d a y , J a n u a r y 5, 1968. 25 �T A B L E 6-2: Parking Garage - DOT B u i l d i n g Number P e r c e n t a g e of C a r s Present During Day Car Occupancy 7:00 - 8:00 a . m . 8:00 - 9:00 a . m . 121 511 18.6 78. 6 1. 96 2. 25 T w o Hour T o t a l 632 97. 2 2. 18 4:00 - 5:00 p. m . 5:00 - 6:00 p. m . 84 496 12. 9 76. 5 1.40 2.40 T w o Hour T o t a l 580 89.4 2. 29 —^ Count made T u e s d a y , F e b r u a r y 20, 1968. T A B L E 6 - 3 : P a r k i n g Lo1; - Square 537 (4th and E S t r e e t s ) - ^ Number P e r c e n t a g e of C a r s P r e s e n t D u r i n g Day Car Occupancy 7:00 - 8:00 a . m . 8:00 - 9:00 a . m . 155 282 31. 0 56.4 1. 10 1. 13 T w o Hour T o t a l 437 87.4 1. 12 4:00 - 5:00 p. m . 5:00 - 6:00 p. m . 125 260 25. 0 52. 0 1. 20 1. 29 T w o Hour T o t a l 385 77. 0 1. 26 — Count made T u e s d a y , J a n u a r y 30, 1968. T A B L E 6-4: P a r k i n g L o t at South C a p i t o l Street Under Southwest F r e e w a y Number P e r c e n t a g e of C a r s P r e s e n t D u r i n g Day Car Occupancy 4:00 - 5:00 p. m . 5:00 - 6:00 p. m . 170 35 68. 0 14. 0 2. 96 1. 20 T w o Hour T o t a l 205 82. 0 2. 67 — Source: 26 L . H . R o g e r s , counts made F r i d a y , J a n u a r y 19, 1968. �A s can be s e e n , t h e r e i s a wide range i n the percentages a r r i v i n g and departing i n the peak hour: between 5 6 . 4 percent and 78. 6 percent i n the a . m . peak hour and between 14. 0 p e r c e n t ^ / a n d 76. 5 percent i n the p. m . peak hour. T h e percentages a r e p r i m a r i l y a function of the w o r k hours of the employees u s i n g the p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y . F o r e x a m p l e , the low p. m . peak percentage f o r the p a r k i n g lot under the Southwest F r e e w a y i s due to the w o r k h o u r s of F B I employees who u s e this lot, l e a v i n g before the peak hour. Knowing the c a p a c i t y and the a c t u a l number of c a r s p r e s e n t during the day f o r e v e r y p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y i n the a r e a , and knowing the w o r k hours of e m ployees u s i n g a s p e c i f i c p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y together w i t h the percentages d i s c u s s e d i n p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r s , the percentages and the number of c a r s a r r i v i n g and departing i n the peak hour could be determined for e v e r y p a r k ing f a c i l i t y . T h e a t t r a c t i o n s and productions thus found w e r e used i n the network a s s i g n m e n t s (Appendix B ) . CHARACTERISTICS OF T H E WORK T R I P E m p l o y e e Questionnaire On F e b r u a r y 14, 1968, a l l F e d e r a l employees i n Southwest r e c e i v e d a questionnaire ( r e f e r to Appendix C ) . N e a r l y 24, 000 r e s p o n s e s w e r e obtained as compared w i t h 38, 000 F e d e r a l employees i n the a r e a . On that same day, a r e v i e w of r e c o r d s r e v e a l e d 13 percent of D O T employees absent. T h e 1961 G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n F e d e r a l E m p l o y e e S u r v e y found a 15 percent absentee r a t e . Other s u r v e y s have found a s high a s 17 percent absent. A s s u m i n g a 13 to 17 percent absentee r a t e , a 72 to 86 percent response w a s a c h i e v e d . The purpose of this questionnaire w a s to obtain i n f o r m a t i o n about the w o r k t r i p , the e x i s t i n g usage of different t r a v e l modes, c a r occupancy, p a r k i n g locations used by employees and the number of drop-offs and p i c k - u p s . I n f o r m a t i o n w a s obtained for both the m o r n i n g and the evening w o r k t r i p . — T h i s count w a s made on a F r i d a y afternoon. A higher percentage would probably apply during other w e e k d a y s . 27 �A 10 percent sample of the questionnaire w a s coded and s u m m a r i z e d . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 15 s u m m a r y tables w e r e made f o r P a r t I of the questionnaire (Appendix C ) . Some of the r e s u l t s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n the following s e c tions. A s shown i n T a b l e 4, the only significant difference i n the modal s p l i t b e tween t r i p s to and f r o m w o r k i s that m o r e than t w i c e a s many employees u s e a t a x i i n the m o r n i n g a s i n the evening. T a b l e 7 shows, for some of the government a g e n c i e s , the percentage of employees by p r i v a t e auto and by bus and the c a r occupancies. T A B L E 7: E m p l o y e e s by P r i v a t e Auto, B u s R i d e r s h i p and C a r Occupancy }J P e r c e n t a g e by P r i v a t e Auto B u r e a u of P r i n t i n g and Engraving Department of A g r i c u l t u r e General Services Administration Department of T r a n s p o r t a tion ( F O B No. 10A) National A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ( F O B No. 10B) F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 6 H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n and W e l f a r e (North and South) F e d e r a l B u r e a u of Investigation Southwest A r e a ' Percentage by B u s Car Occupancy 61.3 67.5 37.5 30.2 1.37 2.44 69.2 30.1 1.47 77.8 19.8 2.09 78.9 65. 5 13.2 25.8 1.97 1. 84 64. 0 26. 0 1.48 69. 0 68. 8 25. 7 26. 8 2. 22 1. 77 — C a r occupancy for Southwest d r i v e r s and Southwest employees as passengers. T h e given c a r occupancies a r e only for Southwest d r i v e r s w i t h Southwest employees a s p a s s e n g e r s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 12 percent of the p a s s e n g e r s r i d i n g w i t h Southwest employees w o r k e d outside of the a r e a . A s a r e s u l t , the average c a r occupancy for Southwest d r i v e r s i s h i g h e r , being 1. 87. 28 �On the other hand, of the people r i d i n g a s p a s s e n g e r s , 15 to 18 percent a r e r i d i n g w i t h a d r i v e r w o r k i n g outside the Southwest A r e a , a s shown i n T a b l e 8. T h i s r e p r e s e n t s 4. 5 to 5. 8 percent of the total number of e m ployees. A s a r e s u l t , the t o t a l number of drop-offs or p i c k - u p s f r o m d r i v e r s w o r k i n g outside of the Southwest A r e a w a s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1, 800, corresponding to 1 , 150 i n the p. m. peak hour. T A B L E 8: Southwest E m p l o y e e s R i d i n g a s P a s s e n g e r s To Work Total 63. 7% 18.3% 18. 0% 69. 8% 15. 2% 15. 0% 100. 0% D r i v e r w o r k i n g i n same building D r i v e r w o r k i n g e l s e w h e r e i n Southwest D r i v e r w o r k i n g outside of the Southwest A r e a F r o m Work 100. 0% T a b l e 9 shows the drop-off locations of Southwest employees r i d i n g a s p a s s e n g e r s . A s shown, t h e r e i s a significant difference i n d i s t r i b u t i o n between t r i p s to and f r o m w o r k . T A B L E 9: D r o p - O f f and P i c k - U p D i s t r i b u t i o n To Work I n front of the building A t p a r k i n g lot o r garage E l s e w h e r e i n Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Outside of Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Total F r o m Work 41.6% 50. 1 % 6. 6% 1.7% 31. 1% 52. 7% 5. 9% 10.3% 100.0% 100.0% A p p r o x i m a t e l y 93 percent of the d r i v e r s p a r k e d i n the Study A r e a , Residential Interviews D u r i n g F e b r u a r y , 1958, 231 r e s i d e n t s of the Southwest a r e a (a 5 percent s a m p l e ) w e r e i n t e r v i e w e d by telephone. T h e i n t e r v i e w f o r m that w a s used i s shown i n Appendix D . I n f o r m a t i o n w a s obtained concerning the home - w o r k t r i p , the number of c a r s p e r household, the number of e m ployed m e m b e r s of the household, the destination of the w o r k t r i p s and the mode of t r a v e l used for t h i s t r i p . 29 �T a b l e 10 shows the modal s p l i t f o r the home - w o r k t r i p s of the Southwest area residents. T A B L E 10: Modal Split - Southwest A r e a R e s i d e n t s W o r k T r i p P r i v a t e Auto Bus Taxi Walk Other 227 120 11 60 2 100.0% Total 54.0% 28.6% 2.6% 14.3% 0.5% 420 The number p e r household employed w a s found to be 1.8, ranging i n i n d i v i d u a l households f r o m 0 to 5. C a r ownership i s 1. 2 p e r household, y A s shown i n T a b l e 1 1 , 48. 5 percent of the r e s i d e n t s a r e employed i n N o r t h w e s t , 20 percent i n Southwest Washington and the balance i n v a r i o u s other a r e a s . I t w a s found that a p p r o x i m a t e l y 60 percent of Southwest r e s i d e n t s employed i n the Southwest a r e a w a l k to w o r k . T A B L E 11: E m p l o y m e n t A r e a s for 420 Southwest A r e a R e s i d e n t s Area Washington, N . W. Washington, S . W . P r i n c e G e o r g e s County Capitol H i l l A r l i n g t o n County Montgomery County Washington, S. E . Alexandria' Washington, N . E . Fairfax Others Total Percentage 48.5 20.0 5. 0 4. 7 4. 5 4. 0 3. 7 3. 2 3.2 0. 7 2.5 100.0 — T h e U r b a n R e n e w a l P l a n for Southwest U r b a n R e n e w a l A r e a P r o j e c t C r e q u i r e s 0. 56 p a r k i n g spaces p e r dwelling u n i t . Insufficient o f f - s t r e e t space has r e s u l t e d i n i n t e n s i v e u s e of c u r b space by r e s i d e n t s . T h i s a l most e l i m i n a t e s the u s e of curb spaces by Southwest e m p l o y e e s . 30 �Business Visitor Interviews T o obtain i n f o r m a t i o n about the number of b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s generated by office buildings, the t i m e of a r r i v a l and the mode of t r a v e l u s e d , i n t e r v i e w s w e r e held at the e n t r a n c e s of two office buildings: the Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n B u i l d i n g i n the Study A r e a and the L a f a y e t t e B u i l d i n g at V e r m o n t Avenue, N . W . on A p r i l 2 and 3, 1968. T a b l e 12 shows the n u m b e r of v i s i t o r s per 100 employees and a breakdown by mode of t r a v e l . T A B L E 12: Number of V i s i t o r s P e r 100 E m p l o y e e s Mode of A r r i v a l DOT B u i l d i n g - ^ 8:00 - 5:00 Number P e r c e n t a g e P r i v a t e Auto Taxi Bus Walk 5. 5. 1. 21. 6 5 3 6 16.4 16.3 3.8 63. 5 Total 34. 0 100. 0 2/ L a f ayette Building— 8:00 - 5:00 Number P e r c e n t a g e 9. 7 14. 8 7.5 11.4 1.4 2. 1 47. 0 71. 7 65. 6 100. 0 — 590 v i s i t o r s i n t e r v i e w e d . 2/ — 1 , 150 v i s i t o r s i n t e r v i e w e d . T h e high percentage of v i s i t o r s who w a l k i n i s due p a r t l y to the fact that i n both buildings a c a f e t e r i a a t t r a c t s many employees w o r k i n g i n s u r r o u n d ing buildings. T a b l e 13, on the following page, shows the number of v i s i t o r s by mode of a r r i v a l p e r hour p e r 100 v i s i t o r s . B a s e d upon the sample taken at the D e partment of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and the L a f ayette B u i l d i n g , the projected n u m b e r of b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s to the Southwest a r e a a r r i v i n g by p r i v a t e auto w a s between 1, 800 and 3, 200 p e r day. T h e number of b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s by p r i v a t e auto w i l l be between 3, 200 to 5, 500 by 1970, and 4, 000 to 7, 000 by 1973. The number of p a r k i n g spaces r e q u i r e d f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 800 today and w i l l be 1 , 100 by 1970, and 1 , 750 by 1973. �T A B L E 13: Number of V i s i t o r s by Mode of A r r i v a l P e r H o u r P e r 100 V i s i t o r s Taxi P r i v a t e Auto L 2/ Dl/ 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 Total - 9:00 - 10:00 - 11:00 - 12:00 - 1:00 - 2:00 - 3:00 - 4:00 - 5:00 Bus Walk Total D L D L D L D L 11.4 25. 0 11.4 13. 6 18. 2 4. 5 53.8 7. 7 0. 5 5.3 4. 2 20. 7 51.0 11. 5 3.3 1. 2 2.3 1.6 5.2 5.5 37.9 26.3 9. 5 3.6 5. 9 4.5 2. 2 13. 7 9. 1 16. 8 35. 2 11. 6 5.4 2. 5 3.5 4. 7 8. 1 8. 7 29.8 21. 7 9.3 5. 0 8. 0 4.7 100. 0 100. 0 3. 7 18. 0 22. 7 12.8 9. 5 12. 2 10. 0 6. 9 4.2 14.9 19. 5 12.7 4.6 13.8 5. 7 8.0 11.5 9. 3 4. 8 39.4 13.3 6. 9 3. 7 12.8 10.6 3. 7 4. 8 1.5 11.7 25. 0 16. 2 4.4 14.7 10.3 16. 2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 7. 7 15.4 2. 3 13. 6 - 7.7 7.7 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 — D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n 2/ — LaFayette Building O r i g i n s of E m p l o y e e s ' W o r k T r i p s Data r e g a r d i n g w o r k t r i p o r i g i n s w e r e plotted on a map of the e n t i r e N a tional C a p i t o l Region by the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . F r o m this map, a d i s t r i b u t i o n of home - w o r k t r i p s w a s made a s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 5. E m p l o y e e A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e T i m e s F r o m P a r t I I I of the employee questionnaire, detailed i n f o r m a t i o n w a s obtained concerning office a r r i v a l and departure t i m e s . T h e peak a r r i v a l and departure h o u r s w e r e found to be between 8:00 a . m . and 9:00 a . m. , and 5:00 p. m . and 6:00 p. m . , w i t h a 15 minute peak around 8:45 a . m . and again around 5:30 p. m . Although the percentages a r r i v i n g and departing i n the peak hour w e r e a l m o s t the s a m e , the percentage for the peak 15 minute p e r i o d w a s twice a s high i n the p. m . a s i n the a . m . period. F i g u r e s 6 and 7 show the a c c u m u l a t i o n of a r r i v a l s and d e p a r t u r e s . 32 �FIGURE 5 ORIGIN DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHWEST AREA EMPLOYEES �FIGURE 6 ACCUMULATION OF ARRIVALS OF SOUTHWEST AREA EMPLOYEES �FIGURE 7 ACCUMULATION OF DEPARTURES OF SOUTHWEST AREA EMPLOYEES �W o r k hours i n the Study A r e a a r e staggered f r o m 7:30 a . m . to 9:00 a . m . and f r o m 4:30 p. m . to 5:30 p. m . T a b l e 14 shows, for a number of b u i l d i n g s , the e x i s t i n g office h o u r s and the number of e m p l o y e e s . T A B L E 14: E x i s t i n g Office H o u r s and Number of E m p l o y e e s Employees B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g & P r i n t i n g Liberty Loan Auditors Building Department of A g r i c u l t u r e : A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g , South B u i l d i n g and Annex B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g & P r i n t i n g Annex F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 10A ( D O T ) General Services Administration F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 10B F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 6 ( H E W ) F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 6 (NASA) H E W (North and South) F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 8 F e d e r a l Office B u i l d i n g No. 1 Total Hours 1, 610 586 538 7:30 - 3:30 7:30 - 3:30 9:00 - 5:30 9, 2, 3, 4, 1, 1, 9:00 7:30 8:30 8:30 8:15 9:00 8:15 9:00 9:00 8:00 118 294 926 250 131 562 810 5, 676 1, 223 2, 378 - 5:30 3:30 5:00 5:00 4:45 5:30 4:45 5:30 5:00 4:30 35,108 A s shown i n the above table, s e v e r a l offices such a s D O T , G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , N A S A and H E W - N A S A open w i t h i n a 30 minute period. T h i s r e s u l t s i n a peak i n the a r r i v a l s between 8:00 a . m . and 8:45 a . m . , a s can be o b s e r v e d i n T a b l e 15 on the foHowing page. A s d i s c u s s e d l a t e r i n this r e p o r t , some of these office h o u r s should be changed, o r new buildings such a s H U D and N a s s i f should be scheduled to open e a r l i e r . I n g e n e r a l , the peak a r r i v a l period per building i s i n the 15 minute period before the office t i m e when 20 to 37 percent a r r i v e , w i t h 15 to 27 percent a r r i v i n g 30 to 15 m i n u t e s before office t i m e . T h e peak departure period i s 15 minutes after the office c l o s i n g t i m e (48 to 78 percent d e p a r t ) . T h e higher percentage l e a v i n g i n a 15 minute p e r i od i n the afternoon shows that the employees tend to a r r i v e at t h e i r own convenience but that t h e i r d e p a r t u r e s a r e m o r e concentrated j u s t a f t e r the office c l o s i n g t i m e . 36 �T A B L E 15: Time (a. m. ) 7:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 9:15 E m p l o y e e s ' A r r i v a l and D e p a r t u r e T i m e s _ Arrive Employees 2, 320 1, 840 2, 190 2, 190 3,420 4, 750 5, 130 5,460 5, 220 780 Total , ( 4, 2 6 0 ) - ' ( 2, 258) ( 1,842) ( 7,750) (17, 190) 33, 300 (33, 300) Time (p. m . ) 4:00 4:15 4:30 4:45 5:00 5:15 5:30 5:45 6:00 6:15 Depart Employees 2, 320 320 2, 860 2, 550 5,400 2,490 1 1 , 750 3, 560 860 990 ( 4, 260) ( 2, 258) ( 1 , 842) ( 8, 920) (16, 020) 33, 300 (33,300) — E x t r a p o l a t e d f r o m a 10 percent sample of the q u e s t i o n n a i r e , a/ — N u m b e r s i n parentheses denote employee a r r i v a l s and d e p a r t u r e s if a l l employees a r r i v e d and departed w i t h i n 15 minutes of t h e i r office hours. PEDESTRIANS I n g e n e r a l , a p e d e s t r i a n p r o b l e m e x i s t s at locations w h e r e heavy v e h i c l e movements i n t e r f e r e w i t h heavy p e d e s t r i a n movements, or w h e r e s i d e w a l k s a r e not wide enough to accommodate the p e d e s t r i a n v o l u m e s . T h r e e m a j o r p e d e s t r i a n movements, taking place at different t i m e s , a r e i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h and being i n t e r f e r e d by v e h i c l e s . 1. Movements f r o m p a r k i n g , bus stop and drop-off locations to offices i n the morning 2. Movements between offices, t i o n a l a r e a s at noon 3. Movements f r o m offices to p a r k i n g , bus stop and p i c k - u p l o c a tions i n the afternoon c a f e t e r i a s , p a r k s or other r e c r e a - A t the following l o c a t i o n s , heavy p e d e s t r i a n movements w e r e found. The 37 �t i m e periods i n w h i c h they o c c u r , a s stated above, a r e shown i n parentheses: • Independence Avenue between 12th and 14th S t r e e t s , including the i n t e r s e c t i o n s - (3) • I n t e r s e c t i o n of 14th and C S t r e e t s - (1) (2) • I n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th and D S t r e e t s - (1) (3) • I n t e r s e c t i o n of 7th and D S t r e e t s - (1) (3) • I n t e r s e c t i o n of Independence and 4th S t r e e t s - (1) (2) (3) Although there a r e u n d e r p a s s e s a s w e l l a s o v e r p a s s e s between the A g r i c u l t u r e B u i l d i n g s on both s i d e s of Independence Avenue, many p e d e s t r i a n s c r o s s the s t r e e t at ground l e v e l . A s found i n other c i t i e s i n the United States and abroad, p e d e s t r i a n s tend to proceed on the l e v e l they a r e and have a n a t u r a l r e s i s t a n c e to change t h i s l e v e l . T h e best solution for p e d e s t r i a n s c a n be found i n the L ' E n f a n t P l a z a complex. T h i s concept of a separate l e v e l for p e d e s t r i a n s would have been approp r i a t e to the entire Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a but i s no longer f e a s i b l e . I n this stage of the development, p r a c t i c a l solutions a r e quite l i m i t e d . B u i l d i n g and s t r e e t c o n s t r u c t i o n south of D S t r e e t have had an a d v e r s e effect on the p e d e s t r i a n movements at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 7th and D S t r e e t s . T h e r e w e r e no definite s i d e w a l k s on the east side of 7th S t r e e t , south of D S t r e e t , or on the south side of D S t r e e t between 6th and 9th S t r e e t s . A s a r e s u l t , a l l p e d e s t r i a n s w e r e f o r c e d to u s e the s i d e w a l k on the north side of D S t r e e t . A t the same t i m e , t h e r e w a s a heavy right t u r n v e h i c l e m o v e ment f r o m 7th S t r e e t southbound into D S t r e e t i n t e r f e r i n g w i t h southbound pedestrians crossing D Street. 38 �Chapter III T h e A r e a by 1970 - T h e I m m e d i a t e P r o b l e m of G r o w t h POPULATION B y 1970, the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a population w i l l have grown to a p p r o x i m a t e l y 65, 700 employees, 1. 7 t i m e s the e x i s t i n g number. B u i l d ings under construction i n 1968 w i l l be completed and occupied, as w e l l a s the development on Square 463 (south of M a r y l a n d Avenue between 6th and 7th S t r e e t s ) and the M a r f a i r B u i l d i n g ( r e f e r to T a b l e 3). PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION A s w i l l be pointed out i n a following section, the percentage of employees u s i n g t r a n s i t must i n c r e a s e f r o m 26. 8 percent to 36. 0 percent by 1970. T h e bus s e r v i c e to the Southwest a r e a must be extended and i n t e n s i f i e d to achieve t h i s percentage. T h e total number of peak hour buses i n the a r e a would be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 320. B u s routings u s e d i n t h i s study w e r e developed i n the P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a tion Study, D e c e m b e r 1966. T h e number of buses presented i n the 1966 r e p o r t w a s adjusted to r e f l e c t new a s s u m p t i o n s r e l a t e d to number of e m ployees. F i g u r e 8 shows locations w i t h one hundred or m o r e b u s e s i n one d i r e c t i o n i n the peak hour. A n a l y s i s of c a p a c i t y and projected v e h i c l e v o l u m e s w i t h i n the employment a r e a i n d i c a t e s the n e c e s s i t y to change routings presented i n the 1966 r e p o r t . T h e changes a r e n e c e s s a r y f o r two reasons. 1. T h e 1966 r e p o r t a s s u m e d i m p r o v e m e n t of g e o m e t r i e s at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d A v e n u e . L i t t l e p r o g r e s s has been made t o w a r d a c c o m p l i s h i n g the i m p r o v e m e n t . I t i s e s t i m a t e d that it w i l l be at l e a s t m i d - 1 9 7 0 before the i m provement could be completed. B y then i t w i l l have been n e c e s s a r y to implement l e s s d e s i r a b l e r o u t i n g s . 2. S e v e r a l i n t e r s e c t i o n s along Independence Avenue w i l l e x p e r i e n c e capacity d e f i c i e n c i e s n e c e s s i t a t i n g bus route changes. �FIGURE 8 LOCATIONS WITH ONE HUNDRED OR MORE BUSES IN THE PEAK HOUR BY 1970* * Using Routes as Proposed in the December 1966 Report �TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS T h e anticipated peak hour t r a f f i c v o l u m e s a r e shown i n F i g u r e 10. A s s i g n ments of p r i v a t e autos and buses to the s t r e e t network indicate s e v e r a l i n t e r s e c t i o n s w h e r e l e v e l D c a p a c i t y i s exceeded, n a m e l y : • 14th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue • 7th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue • 7th S t r e e t and D S t r e e t • 6th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue • Independence Avenue and M a r y l a n d Avenue (north and south) • 4th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue • 3 r d S t r e e t and Independence Avenue A s p r e v i o u s l y stated, bus routes should be changed to avoid t r a f f i c congestion at the above mentioned l o c a t i o n s . Opening of the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y w i l l d e c r e a s e southbound through t r a f f i c on 7th and 14th S t r e e t s . Completion of the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y w i l l reduce through t r a f f i c on 3 r d S t r e e t between Independence Avenue and D S t r e e t ; on C and D S t r e e t s between 2nd and 3 r d S t r e e t s ; and on 2nd Street between C and D S t r e e t s . A s a r e s u l t of the 4th S t r e e t c l o s u r e between I and M S t r e e t s , 4th S t r e e t w i l l no longer c a r r y m a j o r n o r t h - s o u t h through m o v e m e n t s . A s pointed out before, the t r a f f i c p a t t e r n w i l l change due to the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y r a m p s leading into the a r e a . T h e percentage of through t r a f f i c on l o c a l s t r e e t s i n the a r e a w i l l d e c r e a s e f r o m a p p r o x i m a t e l y 69 percent i n the peak hour today to 60 percent by 1970. PARKING T h e number of a v a i l a b l e p a r k i n g spaces (off- and o n - s t r e e t ) w i l l be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 13, 300, r e s u l t i n g i n an a v e r a g e employee p e r p a r k i n g space r a t i o of 5 . 1 , compared w i t h 3. 9 i n 1968. A s shown i n T a b l e 5, the r a t i o s p e r building and p e r superblock w i l l i n c r e a s e . Only at a few locations w h e r e new buildings a r e completed w i t h l o w e r employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o than the a v e r a g e , or w h e r e buildings a r e demolished r e s u l t i n g i n l o w e r 43 �AM 2010 335 o N o \o 985 1860 lo t\¡ fo D STREET TER L tt INNER o (\ lf.l to a\ lf) o= x OP REEWA \l ul SOUTHIVEST EE WAY IOth STREE MALL OVERLOOK PM t590) ¡¡l (570) (720) C'\ STREET DS I EET TER L INNE o ro \ô a o rô ro fL = x IU \o e9 P EEW ro \o \Û SCATE SOUTHWES FR EEWAY 3000 2000 ]Oth STREE 1000 0 YEHICTES PER HOUR FIGURE IO PEAK HOUR VOTUMES 1970 NOTE: Volumes Shown do Not lnclude Buses 5m �employment f i g u r e s ( T a b l e 3), w i l l the r a t i o s d e c r e a s e . No p a r k i n g p r o v i s i o n s a r e planned for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s or for t o u r i s t s . A s stated p r e v i o u s l y , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1,100 p a r k i n g s p a c e s w i l l be needed for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s by 1970. CHARACTERISTICS OF T H E WORK T R I P T o p r o j e c t the employee modal s p l i t , r e s u l t s of the employee questionn a i r e and the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r o j e c t i o n s of the P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study, D e c e m b e r 1966, }_l w e r e u s e d . I t has been a s s u m e d that the p e r centage of employees coming by "other m o d e s " ( t a x i s , d r o p - o f f s , w a l k and other) w i l l r e m a i n about the same during the e n t i r e study period ( r e f e r to T a b l e 4 ) . A c c o r d i n g to the D e c e m b e r 1966 P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study, the usage of t r a n s i t by Southwest a r e a employees could not be f o r c e d above 45 percent u n t i l r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v i c e i s a v a i l a b l e , w h i c h i s now scheduled between 1974 and 1975. T h e e x i s t i n g percentage u s i n g t r a n s i t of 26. 8 m a k e s i t c l e a r that a c o n s i d e r a b l e shift f r o m auto to t r a n s i t w i l l be r e q u i r e d to achieve a 45 percent usage of t r a n s i t by 1973. I n 1968, 36 percent of employees i n the v i c i n i t y of 14th Street rode public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . It i s believed that an average t r a n s i t r i d e r s h i p of 36 p e r cent can be attained for the e n t i r e a r e a by 1970, i f : • S e r v i c e to other a r e a s i s provided s i m i l a r to that on 14th Street • New employees to the a r e a who rode t r a n s i t to and f r o m t h e i r previous location find Southwest s e r v i c e to be comparable to that w h i c h they experienced i n other p a r t s of the C i t y • Other public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n improvements, such a s new l i n e s , a r e made T h e r e w i l l be 54. 4 percent u s i n g p r i v a t e auto. T h e number of p a r k i n g s p a c e s dictates an average c a r occupancy of 2. 26. — " P r o v i s i o n of P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , " A l a n M . V o o r h e e s & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . , D e c e m b e r 1966. 45 �T h e number of employees who w i l l w a l k to w o r k w i l l i n c r e a s e only s l i g h t l y because of the l i m i t e d housing developments around the a r e a . A s a r e s u l t , the percentage w a l k i n g to w o r k w i l l d e c r e a s e . T h e projected modal s p l i t i s shown i n T a b l e 16. T A B L E 16: P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p 1970 P r i v a t e auto Drop-offs Bus Taxi Walk Other Total 54. 6. 36. 1. 1. 0. 4% 0% 0% 6% 8% 2% (63. 3 ) - / ( 5.5) (26.8) ( 1.6) ( 2.6) ( 0.2) 100. 0% a/ — 1968 percentages. PEDESTRIANS P e d e s t r i a n movements i n g e n e r a l w i l l continue to i n c r e a s e . T h e a r e a around 7th S t r e e t , w i t h m a j o r buildings such a s H U D and N a s s i f occupied, w i l l generate many p e d e s t r i a n t r i p s . H o w e v e r , s t r e e t s and s i d e w a l k s w i l l be i m p r o v e d a s a p a r t of the U r b a n R e n e w a l P r o g r a m , i n c r e a s i n g the capacity at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 7th and D S t r e e t s for both v e h i c l e s and pedestrians. 46 �7 Chapter IV T h e A r e a b y 1973 The Critical Period POPULATION B y 1973, the a r e a employment population w i l l have grown to 82, 770 w o r k e r s , a p p r o x i m a t e l y 85 percent of the u l t i m a t e employment. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION B u s s e r v i c e has to be i n c r e a s e d beyond that r e q u i r e d by 1970. T h e total number of peak hour buses needed i n the a r e a w i l l be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 510. U s i n g the bus routes a s proposed i n the P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study, D e c e m b e r 1966, F i g u r e 11 shows locations w i t h one hundred o r m o r e b u s e s i n one d i r e c t i o n i n the peak hour by 1973. T h e great number of buses along D S t r e e t and 7th S t r e e t , i n p a r t i c u l a r , c a u s e s p r o b l e m s and should be d e c r e a s e d . Depending on the construction methods used for the subway s t a t i o n s , s t r e e t s m a y be c l o s e d for v a r y i n g periods of t i m e . B u s routes w i l l have to be changed because of these s t r e e t c l o s i n g s . T h e n e c e s s a r y detours w i l l lengthen the bus t r i p t i m e s and decrease the s e r v i c e to c e r t a i n a r e a s . THE STREET SYSTEM Although the s t r e e t s y s t e m w i l l not change between 1970 and 1973, u n l e s s the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y r a m p s a r e completed l a t e r than 1970, the planned c o n s t r u c t i o n of the subway stations i n the a r e a m a y r e s u l t i n the c l o s u r e of s e v e r a l s t r e e t s for a period of t i m e . A c c o r d i n g to the Washington Metropolitan A r e a T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y , subway station construction w i l l take place at the following l o c a t i o n s : • 12th Street between J e f f e r s o n D r i v e and C S t r e e t 47 �FIGURE 11 LOCATIONS WITH ONE HUNDRED OR MORE BUSES IN THE PEAK HOUR BY 1973* * Using Routes as Proposed in the December 1966 Report �• D S t r e e t between 6th and 9th S t r e e t s • D S t r e e t between 3 r d and 4th S t r e e t s T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n schedule, shown i n F i g u r e 12, c a l l s for a c l o s u r e of the s t r e e t s during the 18 months c o n s t r u c t i o n w h i c h would r e s u l t i n s i m u l t a neous c l o s u r e of a l l locations between A p r i l 1971 and J u l y 1972. NOTE: FIGURE 12 Data Obtained in July 1968 SUBWAY STATION CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE (WMATA) TRAFFIC CHARACTERISTICS B e c a u s e of the m a j o r influence of subway station c o n s t r u c t i o n on the t r a f f i c pattern i n the a r e a , network a s s i g n m e n t s w e r e made f o r this situation. T h e anticipated peak hour t r a f f i c v o l u m e s a r e shown i n F i g u r e 13. Consequences w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n P a r t I I of this r e p o r t . T h e anticipated peak hour t r a f fic v o l u m e s for 1973, w i t h a l l s t r e e t s open, a r e shown i n F i g u r e 14. 49 �AM 220s ßa INDEPENDENCE AVENUE rl- ttuJ F uJ É. & r.l-) TU ú. t-- .J) ltt, E, + t.rJ F- t¡J ú 1655 lu t¡J t¡J l.n 1235 \t) ) o J + .<t Fo o oo rô F tt) È .rt rô C STREET = D STREET CENTER LEG F- F [! o IU tu t¡J É. É. F = F taY .Jt o- x tu v, INNER LOOP FREEWAY È EET f.- + o. SOUTHWEST FRE EWAY ¡*, IOth STREET MALL OVERLOOK PM (2170) (1860) INDEP ENDENCE AVENUE\L t- uJ F TU TU tu É. F É tn tJ) (s70) F lrJ [! É F tn È F- IÊ \t ra) tt! ttJ (t 4ss) É F .t) J rô = I+ -rt C STREET rvl -c + c\ D STREET l¡¡ F i- CENTER LEG u-l trJ l¡¡ OF INNERLOOP É. t¿J REEWAY F ü, t- oet, = V' x [! N E STREET SCATE 4000 3000 IOth STREET 2000 MALL 1000 OV ERLOOK VEHICTES PER HOUR FIGURE I3 PEAK HOUR VOLUMES WITH STREETS CLOSED FOR SUBWAY STATION CONSTRUCTION NOTE: Volumes Shown do Not lnclude Buses 5æ �AM 2220 s6.5 lF UJ UJ t805 d. t¡l v, INDEPENDENCE AVENUE rL tl¡J d IJJ u ¡- ,"" e. l¡¡ trâ \J) v, t- LrJ 1090 v, t-- F \ r J s t C STREET r¡^) !f, c{ D STREET CENTER L F ul M t¡J rô É. \ü rn 8ã o \o rÕ = F c\ o tlJ IU o- X V, - [U E r.. + o. SOUTHWEST INNER LOOP FREEWAY STREET FREE WAY IOth STREET MALL OVERLOOK PM (2170) (t60s) INDEPENDENCE AVENUE\L F þ IIJ IU u uJ F tt, F rn (s00) l- \ tt¡J (8e5) \ l¡J g. tu F. .çt TJJ É É. J J F te^ ar1 'rt C e) STREET È ro Fo D STREET ENTER LEG F. a 00 o \ù N É, l-- ,/, ¡ I 0 l¡l l¿J lf) (\ F- INNERLCIOP REEWAY e9 É. to o= X tfl oo REET trJ SCALE 10Ø i000 mao IOth STREET t0@ MALL OVERLOOK VEHICIES PER HOUR FIGUR,E 14 PEAK HOUR VOTUMES 1973 NOTE: Volumes Shown do Not lnclude Buses w �PARKING A p p r o x i m a t e l y 13, 700 p a r k i n g s p a c e s w i l l be a v a i l a b l e r e s u l t i n g i n an a v e r a g e employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o of 6. 3 c o m p a r e d w i t h 5. 1 i n 1970 and 3. 9 i n 1968. A c c o r d i n g to the development schedule shown i n T a b l e 3, the North P o r t a l and P o r t a l s i t e s w i l l be under construction. T h e a v e r a g e employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o i n the a r e a between 15th Street and the 11th Street E x p r e s s w a y w i l l i n c r e a s e f r o m 6. 0 to 10. 3, due to r e m o v a l of the 1, 200 t e m p o r a r y p a r k i n g s p a c e s on the P o r t a l s i t e s . C o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l generate additional t r a f f i c r e q u i r i n g p a r k i n g i n the surrounding s t r e e t s which w i l l w o r s e n the situation. Without r a d i c a l m e a s u r e m e n t s , the p a r k i n g s i t u a tion w i l l be unacceptable. T h e number of b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s by p r i v a t e auto i s estimated at 4, 000 to 7, 000, r e q u i r i n g about 1, 800 p a r k i n g s p a c e s . T h e r e a r e no p a r k i n g p r o v i s i o n s for t o u r i s t s v i s i t i n g the 10th S t r e e t M a l l and O v e r l o o k . CHARACTERISTICS OF T H E WORK T R I P T h e p r o j e c t e d employee modal s p l i t i s shown i n T a b l e 17. T A B L E 17: P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p 1973 P r i v a t e auto Drop-offs Bus Taxi Walk Other Total a/ — 1970 p e r c e n t a g e s . 52 45. 6. 45. 1. 1. 0. 3% 0% 0% 6% 9% 2% 100. 0% (54.4)( 6.0) (36.0) ( 1.6) ( 1.8) ( 0.2) �A s d i s c u s s e d i n the preceding c h a p t e r s , the percent usage of t r a n s i t c a n r e a c h a m a x i m u m of 45 before r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v i c e i s a v a i l a b l e . A l though the percentage by p r i v a t e auto w i l l d e c r e a s e f r o m 5 4 . 4 to 45. 3, the a c t u a l number of employees by p r i v a t e auto w i l l i n c r e a s e by a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1, 500. T h e a v e r a g e c a r occupancy i n the a r e a must be i n c r e a s e d to 2.40 c o m p a r e d w i t h 2. 26 i n 1970, showing the c r i t i c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n situation that c a n be expected before r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t w i l l be i n operation. T o e m p h a s i z e the importance of the r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t s e r v i c e for the Southwest A r e a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n needs, the projected employee modal s p l i t w i t h the D S t r e e t subway line i n operation i s shown i n T a b l e 18. T A B L E 18: P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p w i t h D S t r e e t Subway i n Operation a/ P r i v a t e auto 38.6% (45.3)-' Drop-offs 5. 7% (6.0) T r a n s i t (bus and subway) 52.0% (45.0) Taxi 1.6% ( 1.6) Walk 1. 9% ( 1. 9) Other 0. 2% ( 0.2) Total 100. 0% a/ — 1973 percentages p r i o r to subway. The significant i n c r e a s e i n t r a n s i t r i d e r s h i p and the d e c r e a s e i n the percentage and the number of employees by p r i v a t e auto would r e s u l t i n an a v e r a g e c a r occupancy of 2.02 compared w i t h 2.40 i n 1973, and 2. 26 i n 1970. PEDESTRIANS W i t h r a p i d t r a n s i t i n operation, heavy p e d e s t r i a n movements w i l l o c c u r i n the peak hours between the Southwest a r e a offices and the subway stations at 12th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue (Independence Avenue station), at 7th and D S t r e e t s ( L ' E n f a n t P l a z a station) and at 3 r d and D S t r e e t s (Voice of A m e r i c a station). 53 �T h e number of conflicts between v e h i c l e s and p e d e s t r i a n s c a n be reduced by providing e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s d i r e c t l y f r o m the stations into adjacent b u i l d i n g s . No s u c h e n t r a n c e s have been planned so f a r . A t the following l o c a t i o n s , e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s have been planned i n public r i g h t s - o f - w a y : • T h e southwest c o r n e r of Independence Avenue and 12th Street to the Independence Avenue station • T h e p r o m e n a d e l e v e l of L ' E n f a n t P l a z a complex ( w e s t of the n o r t h w i n g of the H U D B u i l d i n g ) , the southeast c o r n e r of M a r y l a n d Avenue and 7th S t r e e t , and the south side of D S t r e e t b e tween 6th and 7th S t r e e t s — a l l to the L ' E n f a n t P l a z a station • T h e southwest c o r n e r of 3 r d and D S t r e e t s to the V o i c e of A m e r i c a station. Without connections between buildings and subway s t a t i o n s , heavy v e h i c l e movements w i l l continuously i n t e r f e r e w i t h heavy p e d e s t r i a n movements during peak h o u r s . 54 �PART I I ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ��Chapter V Basic Assumptions I n c o n s i d e r i n g the a l t e r n a t i v e s and recommended solutions presented i n t h i s p a r t of the r e p o r t , it should be emphasized that the Consultant w a s f u r n i s h e d w i t h the b a s i c assumption that "No p a r k i n g w i l l be a v a i l a b l e i n the Study A r e a i n addition to that i n planned buildings and on open land pending development. " i _ / A f t e r a meeting w i t h the Southwest A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e , held on M a y 13, 1968, it w a s a l s o a s s u m e d that T h e M a l l a r e a cannot be used for bus loading and unloading nor for Southwest employee a n d / o r b u s i ness v i s i t o r s ' p a r k i n g . T h e e x i s t i n g and projected Southwest employee modal s p l i t i s s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b l e 19. A s d i s c u s s e d before, the projected modal split for the f o r e c a s t y e a r s w i l l be difficult to attain. B u s r i d e r s h i p and c a r occupancy r e quired to s e r v e the anticipated number of employees a r e c o n s i d e r a b l y higher than has been e x p e r i e n c e d e l s e w h e r e . Other modal s p l i t s , shown i n T a b l e s 20 and 21, have been c o n s i d e r e d . T a b l e 19 shows the modal split v a l u e s a s s u m i n g that a 2. 00 a v e r a g e c a r occupancy i s the highest that can be achieved by 1973. T h i s i s a value w h i c h has been observed i n other i n t e n s e l y developed a r e a s . T h e usage of t r a n s i t w i l l have to i n c r e a s e i n o r d e r to provide a mode of t r a v e l for a l l employees. A s d i s c u s s e d before, it i s u n r e a l i s t i c to expect a 52. 5 percent r i d e r s h i p before r a i l r a p i d t r a n s i t i s i n operation. A s shown, 620 peak hour buses would be r e q u i r e d to s e r v e the a r e a compared w i t h 510 buses u s i n g a 2. 40 c a r occupancy. T h e 620 buses cannot be handled i n the peak hour. T a b l e 21 shows modal s p l i t v a l u e s a s s u m i n g that the projected usage of t r a n s i t ( T a b l e 19) i s not r e a c h e d . T h i r t y - o n e percent i s projected for 1970 and 3 6 . 0 percent for 1973. T h i s i s a r i d e r s h i p w h i c h i s only s l i g h t l y higher than e x i s t s today but would s t i l l r e q u i r e 285 additional peak, hour buses i n the a r e a to s e r v e the projected 1973 employment. — C o n t r a c t between D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency and A l a n M . Voorhees & A s s o c i a t e s , I n c . 57 �T A B L E 19: E x i s t i n g and P r o j e c t e d Modal Split - - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p DESCRIPTION F E B R U A R Y 1963 PERCENT NUMBER D E C E M B E R 1970 PERCENT NUMBER D E C E M B E R 1973 PERCENT NUMBER WITH BASIC RAPID TRANSIT PERCENT NUMBER Total Employment 13% Absentees 38, 4, 280 980 65, 701 8, 550 82.771 10.750 8 2 , 771 10.750 Daily 33,300 57, 151 72,021 72, 021 Present P r i v a t e Auto Drop-Off s Transit Taxi Walk Other TOTAL Off S t r e e t P a r k i n g S p a c e s ( T a b l e 2) On Street Parking Spaces Total Parking Spaces 63.3% 5.5% 26.8% 1.6% 2.6% 0.2% 21,081 1,832 8,920 533 867 67 54.4% 6.0% 36.0% 1.6% 1.8% 0.2% 31,082 3,432 20,580 '915 1,028 114 45.3% 6.0% 3 2 , 637 4,320 45.0% 1.6% 1.9% 0.2% 100.0% 33,300 100.0% 57,151 100.0% 9, 814 486 10, 300 12, 992 308 13,300 32,400 1,152 1,368 144 38.6% 5.7% 52.0% 1.6% 1.9% 0.2% 2 7 , 747 4,110 37,500 1,152 1,368 144 72,021 100.0% 72,021 13,159 241 13,159 241 13, 13,400 400 Employee Per Parking Space Ratio* 3.9 5. 1 6.3 6.3 Car 1 . 77 2.26 2 . 40 2.02 320 510 195 Occupancy** N u m b e r of B u s e s In Peak Hour 140 * Employee per parking space ratio = Total employment/off-street parking * * C a r o c c u p a n c y = by p r i v a t e a u t o / n u m b e r of d r i v e r s . N u m b e r of d r i v e r s e q u a l s t o t a l n u m b e r of p a r k i n g s p a c e s spaces + d r i v e r ' s p a r k i n g o u t s i d e the a r e a . �T A B L E 20: Modal Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p s A s s u m i n g L o w e r C a r Occupancies Description Private auto Drop-offs Transit Taxi Walk Other Total Assumed car occupancyNumber of buses i n peak hour D e c e m b e r 19 70 Number Percent D e c e m b e r 1973 Percent Number 48. 2 6. 0 42. 2 1.6 1.8 0.2 27, 500 3,432 24,162 915 1 , 028 114 37. 8 6. 0 52. 5 1.6 1.9 0. 2 27,200 4, 320 37, 837 1 , 152 1 , 368 144 100.0 57,151 100. 0 72,021 2,. 0 2.0 395 ( 3 2 0 ) - / 620 ( 5 1 0 ) - / a/ - R e f e r to T a b l e 19 T A B L E 2 1 : M o d a l Split - Southwest E m p l o y e e W o r k T r i p s A s s u m i n g Lower Percentage B u s Ridership Description Private auto Drop-offs Transit Taxi Walk Other Total Resulting average Ccci r ar occupancy Number of buses i n peak hour hour D e c e m b e r 1970 Percent Number D e c e m b e r 1973 Percent Number 59.4 6.0 31. 0 1.6 1.8 0.2 33,962 3,432 17, 700 915 1 , 028 114 54. 3 6. 0 36. 0 1.6 1.9 0. 2 39,087 4, 320 25,950 1 , 152 1, 368 144 100. 0 57,151 100. 0 72,021 2.4 6 2.46 290 (cS2 0 ) (3 20) 2. 8i5 86 / / " / 425 (5 I O0 - ( 5 1 )) / a/ - R e f e r to T a b l e 19 r 59 �M o r e people would have to use p r i v a t e autos. A s the number of p a r k i n g spaces i s l i m i t e d , c a r occupancy would have to i n c r e a s e to 2. 46 by 1970 and even to 2. 86 by 1973. T h e s e v a l u e s a r e c e r t a i n l y u n d e s i r a b l e and probably unattainable. T h e number of employees that c a n be a c c o m m o dated a s s u m i n g a m a x i m u m c a r occupancy of 2. 0 and a t r a n s i t r i d e r s h i p of 36 percent i s shown i n T a b l e 22. T h e projected modal split a s shown i n T a b l e 19 i s the most r e a l i s t i c and best balanced one to attain, given the projected employment and p a r k i n g data. T A B L E 22: Number of E m p l o y e e s T h a t C a n B e Accommodated W i t h a 2. 0 C a r Occupancy and a 36 P e r c e n t B u s R i d e r s h i p by 1973 Description D e c e m b e r 1970 Number P r i v a t e auto Drop-offs Transit Taxi Walk Other 27, 500 3, 432 17, 700 915 1, 028 114 27, 4, 25, 1, 1, Subtotal 50, 689 60, 134 Short 6, 462 11,887 Total 57, 151 72,021 Assumed car occupancy Assumed transit ridership D e c e m b e r 1973 Number 200 320 950 152 368 144 2. 0 2. 0 3 1 . 0% 36. 0% T h e v a l u e s presented i n T a b l e 19 should not be considered as goals. T h e two m a j o r f a c t o r s a r e c a r occupancy and bus s e r v i c e . T h e goals should be m u c h higher to compensate for unanticipated p r o b l e m s w h i c h m a y be encountered. 60 �Chapter VI Current Year 1968 INTRODUCTION D u r i n g the t i m e between the data collection and the w r i t i n g of the r e p o r t , many changes took place i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . T h e A l t e r n a t i v e s d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s chapter w i l l be a l t e r n a t i v e s to the e x i s t i n g s i t u ation a s of the date of t h i s r e p o r t . PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Since the beginning of t h i s study, efforts have been made by the Southw e s t W o r k i n g C o m m i t t e e to i n c r e a s e the public t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e r v i c e to the a r e a . F i g u r e 15 shows proposed bus routes a s set forth i n the W M A T C O r d e r 829. Although these routes w i l l c e r t a i n l y i n c r e a s e the bus s e r v i c e , m o r e routes penetrating into the a r e a a r e needed. F i g u r e 16 shows recommended bus routes through the a r e a for the next y e a r . T h e bus routes a r e s c h e m a t i c and should be adjusted to the changing s t r e e t system. A s shown, the A B & W l i n e s would be r e l o c a t e d f r o m Independence Avenue to D S t r e e t . Route 11B ( A B & W ) would provide better s e r v i c e to the a r e a following the 11th Street E x p r e s s w a y r a m p into D S t r e e t and continuing along 7th S t r e e t . T o provide better bus s e r v i c e i n the Southwest A r e a and to i n c r e a s e the usage of t r a n s i t , not only intensified bus s e r v i c e i n the a r e a i s needed but a l s o i m p r o v e m e n t s a r e n e c e s s a r y outside the a r e a . F o r instance, better e x p r e s s s e r v i c e to the suburban a r e a s and m o r e d i r e c t s e r v i c e to downtown i s needed. T h i s m a y be possible when the question of f r a n c h i s e r i g h t s has been settled. T h e T r a n s p o r t a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n C e n t e r i n the H U D B u i l d i n g , proposed by the Southwest W o r k i n g C o m m i t t e e , i s one of the m e a n s to promote t r a n s i t r i d i n g . E x t e n s i v e publicity w i l l be needed to achieve the n e c e s s a r y shift 61 �FIGURE 15 PROPOSED BUS ROUTES (WMATC ORDER 829) �I ) i") O \ LJ Êo @ e ¡JJ J ?. --v ^0) c-õ Ãj f* ¡O =z û i i*t t: t: '| f rr¡ c"> o. \o \o s -< o t:a åil:;;;i;i l;::l¡!¡iì U c\ o .T o o F- trt ô I Or ¡ Or I @ o\ 3n t- t¡¡ Ð o d, 3 3!' 6 ô ¡¡¡ ô z ¡¡¡ = = o I ¿, t¡¡ 3 Ð u¡ d, ¡! I �f r o m autos to t r a n s i t between now and 1974. B u l l e t i n boards w i t h maps showing the bus routes s e r v i n g the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a should be placed i n each building. T h e g e o m e t r i e s of the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d A v e n u e , recommended for i m p r o v e m e n t i n the P u b l i c T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study, D e c e m b e r , 1966, c a u s e s a difficult and i l l o g i c a l bus route l a y out. I m m e d i a t e action should be t a k e n to i m p r o v e t h i s i n t e r s e c t i o n . A s t i m e p a s s e s , the period during w h i c h the i m p r o v e m e n t has greatest value (before the D S t r e e t subway i s i n operation) becomes s m a l l e r . S t i l l , the number of buses destined to T w i n B r i d g e s w i l l not d e c r e a s e s i g n i f i c a n t l y u n t i l the second Potomac R i v e r r a p i d t r a n s i t c r o s s i n g i s completed. F o r t h i s r e a son, an i m p r o v e m e n t of the 12th and M a r y l a n d Avenue i n t e r s e c t i o n has a significant value a s a bus operations i m p r o v e m e n t . Depending on the solution chosen ( c o r n e r cut back or extension on elevated s t r u c t u r e ) c o s t s m a y v a r y f r o m $50, 000 to $480, 000. A n y widening of the northeast c o r n e r of the i n t e r s e c t i o n would i m p r o v e the situation and it would provide for the most d i r e c t routing of b u s e s . PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES F o r the i n c r e a s i n g number of buses projected i n the a r e a , a number of i m p r o v e m e n t s w i l l be needed. C o n s i d e r a b l e d i s c u s s i o n has taken place c o n c e r n i n g o n - a n d / o r o f f - s t r e e t loading and unloading a r e a s , bus t e r m i n a l s , l a y o v e r points and e x c l u s i v e bus s t r e e t s and l a n e s . I n c o n s i d e r i n g bus t e r m i n a l s , i t m u s t be kept i n m i n d that a bus t e r m i n a l i n the Southwest A r e a w i l l be a t e m p o r a r y f a c i l i t y ; r a p i d t r a n s i t w i l l e l i m inate m a n y of the buses w h i c h w i l l be needed i n the next few y e a r s . T h e t e r m "bus t e r m i n a l , " a s used i n the r e p o r t , i s defined a s a c e n t r a l i z e d o f f - s t r e e t loading and unloading a r e a w h i c h , i n addition, c a n s e r v e a s a l a y o v e r point (point w h e r e buses a s s e m b l e p r i o r to t h e i r r u n s to a s s i s t i n meeting schedules). 64 �T h e following set of o f f - s t r e e t bus t e r m i n a l c r i t e r i a w a s established and a number of a v a i l a b l e s i t e s i n the Southwest A r e a w a s examined to test these criteria. • A c c e s s i b i l i t y to P e d e s t r i a n s - T h e bus t e r m i n a l should be w i t h i n w a l k i n g distance (500 to 800 feet) of the offices that it s e r v e s . • A c c e s s i b i l i t y to B u s e s - T h e bus t e r m i n a l site should be located along the routes such that bus turning movements a r e l i m i t e d and conflicts w i t h other t r a f f i c a r e reduced to a m i n i m u m . • T h e s i z e of the site should be such that enough straight through l a n e s for buses loading and unloading can be p r o v i d e d . • T h e s i z e of the site should be such that enough space for l a y o v e r can be p r o v i d e d . • T h e present or planned u s e s of the s i t e , as w e l l as a l t e r n a t i v e u s e s , should be considered. P o t e n t i a l s i t e s for bus t e r m i n a l s ( s i t e s not a l r e a d y committed) a r e shown i n F i g u r e 17 and include: • North P o r t a l site • P o r t a l site • Square 386 (north of D Street between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s ) • P a r k l a n d south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 10A ( D O T ) • H E W s e r v i c e roads • Square 537 (4th and E S t r e e t s ) • Square 463 (south of M a r y l a n d Avenue between 6th and 7th streets) • M a r f a i r site (north of E S t r e e t , west of South C a p i t o l S t r e e t ) • T h e M a l l (between J e f f e r s o n and Madison D r i v e s ) • T h e 10th S t r e e t M a l l a r e a Due to the s i z e of the study a r e a , no site could s e r v e as a single c e n t r a l i z e d bus t e r m i n a l for the whole a r e a . I f t e r m i n a l s a r e f e a s i b l e , they would s e r v e best w i t h one at each end of the a r e a . B u s e s could p e n etrate at one end of the a r e a , go through the a r e a , s e r v i n g a number of buildings, and t e r m i n a t e at the other end. 65 �FIGURE 17 POTENTIAL SITES FOR BUS TERMINALS �A bus t e r m i n a l i n the middle of the a r e a , giving good s e r v i c e only to the surrounding buildings, would s e r v e the people of these buildings but it would a l s o cause g r e a t e r headways for the buses not t e r m i n a t i n g t h e r e . I t should be emphasized that the number of bus loads needed to s e r v e the whole study a r e a i s the same whether or not bus t e r m i n a l s a r e provided. I n the following s e c t i o n s , the potential s i t e s a r e r e v i e w e d . Due to the r a i l r o a d a n d / o r the location of the site i n r e s p e c t to office developments, the P o r t a l s i t e , the p a r k land south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 10A, Square 537 and the M a r f a i r site have poor p e d e s t r i a n a c c e s s i b i l i t y . T h e North P o r t a l site i s w i t h i n acceptable w a l k i n g distance of only the B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g and P r i n t i n g , M a i n and A n n e x B u i l d i n g . T h e North P o r t a l s i t e , the P o r t a l s i t e , the p a r k land south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 10A, Square 537 and the 10th Street M a l l have poor a c c e s s i b i l i t y for buses. T h e s e s i t e s r e q u i r e i l l o g i c a l routings through the Southw e s t A r e a i n o r d e r to r e a c h the site i n one or two d i r e c t i o n s , or they r e quire difficult turning movements. Square 386 and the H E W s e r v i c e roads have the disadvantage that a s e r i e s of t u r n s i s r e q u i r e d . On Square 386 and the p a r k land south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 10A, only a l i m i t e d number of s t r a i g h t through l a n e s can be provided. On the H E W s e r v i c e roads and the 10th Street M a l l , no such lanes can be provided without changing the s t r e e t layout. L a y o v e r space could be p r o vided on a l l s i t e s o f f - s t r e e t , w i t h the exception of the 10th Street M a l l . On the North P o r t a l s i t e , P o r t a l s i t e , Square 537, Square 463 and the M a r f a i r site buildings a r e planned. The D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency a d v i s e s that i t would be i n f e a s i b l e to r e s e r v e these s i t e s for bus t e r m i n a l s . R e m o v a l of the 300 p a r k i n g spaces on the H E W s e r v i c e roads to create a bus t e r m i n a l or a loading and unloading a r e a would d e c r e a s e the number of p a r k i n g spaces i n an a r e a w h e r e p a r k i n g i s a l r e a d y i n short supply. T h e 10th Street M a l l i s p r i m a r i l y a p e d e s t r i a n f a c i l i t y and t o u r i s t a t t r a c t i o n . F u r t h e r m o r e , no o f f - s t r e e t bus f a c i l i t y could be provided t h e r e . �A s pointed out i n p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r s , it i s not l i k e l y that any p a r t of T h e M a l l can be used on a short range b a s i s . Although efforts should be made to use T h e M a l l for long range f a c i l i t i e s (underground parking) it s e e m s to be r e a l i s t i c to a s s u m e that T h e M a l l cannot be used a s a bus t e r m i n a l i n the next few y e a r s . A l t e r n a t i v e u s e s have been considered for Square 386. A s stated e a r l i e r i n this r e p o r t , b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' p a r k i n g i s needed i n the a r e a . A s b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s tend to a r r i v e after and to depart before the peak hour, the use of Square 386 for this purpose would not conflict w i t h the heavy peak hour volumes i n t h i s a r e a . S u m m a r i z i n g , it c a n be s a i d that only Square 386 c a n be considered a s a f e a s i b l e o f f - s t r e e t bus t e r m i n a l location. T h i s s i t e w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n m o r e d e t a i l i n the following chapter. In the study a r e a , no s t r e e t s w e r e found that should be used as e x c l u s i v e bus s t r e e t s . C o n s i d e r i n g the a v a i l a b l e number of l a n e s , the number of buses and the number of p r i v a t e autos, s t r e e t s a r e best used when lanes a r e used for both buses and p r i v a t e autos. E x p e r i e n c e has shown that i f bus volumes a r e high enough to w a r r a n t an e x c l u s i v e bus lane, p r i v a t e autos eschew the right hand lane, a u t o m a t i c a l l y r e s e r v i n g it for b u s e s . On the other hand, p r i v a t e autos have to use the right lane to make right t u r n s at i n t e r s e c t i o n s . F o r these r e a s o n s , no e x c l u s i v e bus l a n e s , w i t h an e x ception for the D S t r e e t a r e a between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s , a r e r e c o m m e n ded. T o protect t r a n s i t r i d e r s against bad weather conditions and to make t r a n sit m o r e a t t r a c t i v e , s h e l t e r s should be provided at a l l m a j o r loading points. THE STREET SYSTEM A f t e r r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of V i r g i n i a Avenue between 4th and 7th S t r e e t s , p a r k ing should be prohibited on the south side to allow a n o r m a l two w a y o p e r ation. I f it i s decided to use V i r g i n i a Avenue between 2nd and 4th S t r e e t s a s a bus loadinglocation, p a r k i n g should be prohibited on the north side. 68 �A c c e l e r a t e d f r e e w a y and e x p r e s s w a y c o n s t r u c t i o n i n and around the a r e a i s recommended to d e c r e a s e the percentage of through t r a f f i c i n the a r e a . T h e 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y and the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y , e s p e c i a l l y , should be completed a s soon a s p o s s i b l e . T h e N a s s i f B u i l d i n g garage d r i v e w a y s on D and E S t r e e t s should both be used as e n t r a n c e s i n the a. m . peak hour and as e x i t s i n the p. m . peak hour to s p r e a d the volumes over the surrounding s t r e e t s . PARKING A s the number of p a r k i n g spaces i n and around the a r e a i s l i m i t e d , c a r occupancies have to i n c r e a s e f r o m now on. I n m a k i n g a u n i f o r m p a r k i n g p o l i c y for government employees, two questions should be c o n s i d e r e d : • How many government employees w i l l have assigned p a r k i n g spaces without having one or m o r e p a s s e n g e r s i n t h e i r c a r (higher GS grade employees)? I f this i s a c o n s i d e r a b l e number, higher c a r occupancies a r e needed among the other employees to achieve the a v e r a g e . • What i s the r e a c t i o n of employees and potential new employees when s t r i c t p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s and a g e n e r a l l y difficult t r a n s p o r t a tion situation i s forced upon them? T h e r e w i l l be a growing number of p r i v a t e w o r k e r s i n the Southwest E m ployment A r e a . U n l e s s corresponding changes a r e made i n the p a r k i n g p o l i c i e s of these w o r k e r s , even a higher c a r occupancy w i l l be needed for government employees. No plans have been made for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' or t o u r i s t s ' p a r k i n g . A t l e a s t 800 s u c h s p a c e s a r e needed today, 1, 100 w i l l be needed by 1970 and 4, 000 by 1973. E i t h e r p a r k i n g spaces now assigned to employees have to be made a v a i l able (forcing employees to p a r k outside the a r e a ) or additional p a r k i n g has to be provided. �It i s recommended that the b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' demand should be a c c o m m o dated through an i n c r e a s e i n total p a r k i n g supply r a t h e r than reducing the a v a i l a b l e spaces for employees. T h r e e s i t e s i n the a r e a could be used to accommodate new p a r k i n g lots or garages for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' and t o u r i s t s ' parking, namely: • North P o r t a l site • Square 386 • P a r k land south of F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 10A ( D O T ) I n addition to these s i t e s , the number of p a r k i n g spaces could be i n c r e a s e d i n the following proposed buildings i n o r d e r to accommodate b u s i n e s s v i s i tors' parking: • DGS Office B u i l d i n g • South P o r t a l B u i l d i n g (Square 577) • T e r m i n a l Office B u i l d i n g • C o m m u n i t y B u i l d i n g (Square 582) • Development on Square 537 Outside the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , T h e M a l l should be considered for underground p a r k i n g for t o u r i s t s a s w e l l a s for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s . T h e above mentioned s i t e s a r e shown i n F i g u r e 18. A s b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s tend to a r r i v e and depart i n off-peak h o u r s , the i n c r e a s e i n p a r k i n g would not s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e the t r a f f i c volumes i n peak p e r i o d s . P a r k i n g c a n be r e s e r v e d for v i s i t o r s by keeping appropriate sections closed u n t i l 9:30 a . m . S T A G G E R E D W O R K HOURS W i t h i n the e x i s t i n g staggering of w o r k hours ( f r o m 7:30 - 9;00 a . m . and f r o m 4:30 - 5:30 p. m . ) changes should be made to d e c r e a s e the p e r c e n t age of a r r i v a l s and d e p a r t u r e s i n the peak h o u r s . E s p e c i a l l y when new agencies move into the a r e a , w o r k i n g h o u r s should be established i n such a w a y that a r r i v a l s and d e p a r t u r e s over the t i m e periods a r e balanced. M o r e offices should s t a r t between 7:30 and 8:15 a . m . and c l o s e between 4;00 and 4;45 p. m . to a c h i e v e a better t r a f f i c balance. T h e staggering of w o r k h o u r s should be coordinated and d i r e c t e d by one agency. Upon completion of a new building or after a m a j o r change i n 70 �FIGURE 18 POTENTIAL SITES FOR ADDIONAL PARKING �employment of an agency, adjustments i n the w o r k i n g hours should be made. I n o r d e r to avoid u n u s u a l hours of l e a v i n g and r e t u r n i n g home, it i s not recommended to s t a r t offices before 7:30 a. m . nor to c l o s e after 6:00 p. m . PEDESTRIANS I n t h i s stage of the development of the Study A r e a , it w i l l be difficult, c o s t l y , and i n many c a s e s i m p r a c t i c a l to make i m p r o v e m e n t s for p e d e s t r i a n s beyond what a l r e a d y has been done. P e d e s t r i a n s have a n a t u r a l r e s i s t a n c e to change l e v e l . A s a r e s u l t , o v e r and u n d e r p a s s e s g e n e r a l l y t u r n out not to i m p r o v e the situation when made i n i n d i v i d u a l c a s e s . Only a p e d e s t r i a n - v e h i c l e s e p a r a t i o n on a l a r g e s c a l e , incorporated i n the total design of an a r e a , has proven to be s a t i s factory. A s pointed out i n the f i r s t part of t h i s r e p o r t , the p e d e s t r i a n volumes at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 7th and D Street w i l l i n c r e a s e w i t h the opening of new buildings i n t h i s a r e a . H o w e v e r , at the s a m e t i m e , i m p r o v e m e n t s w i l l take place i n stages. I n the f i r s t stage, the s i d e w a l k s around the N a s s i f B u i l d i n g w i l l be r e c l a i m e d , providing m o r e p e d e s t r i a n capacity at the 7th and D S t r e e t i n t e r s e c t i o n . T h e second stage w i l l be completed when the i n t e r s e c t i o n and 7th Street a r e r e b u i l t . T h e w i d e r s t r e e t s w i l l provide m o r e c a p a c i t y for v e h i c l e s and t i m e for a p e d e s t r i a n phase i n the t r a f f i c s i g n a l w i l l become a v a i l a b l e . T h e t h i r d stage of i m p r o v e m e n t s could be effective when the subway u n d e r p a s s e s and station connections a s r e c o m mended i n t h i s r e p o r t a r e built. T h e number of p e d e s t r i a n t r i p s c r o s s i n g the 7th and D S t r e e t i n t e r s e c t i o n would then d e c r e a s e c o n s i d e r a b l y . I f it i s decided to build a p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e at the N o r t h P o r t a l s i t e , e m ployees, a s w e l l a s v i s i t o r s to the B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g and P r i n t i n g , w i l l have to c r o s s 14th S t r e e t . A p e d e s t r i a n o v e r p a s s south of the i n t e r section of 14th and D S t r e e t i s recommended to e l i m i n a t e conflicts b e tween p e d e s t r i a n s and v e h i c l e s at t h i s location. Although other p e d e s t r i a n i m p r o v e m e n t s , such a s m i d - b l o c k c r o s s w a l k s and p e d e s t r i a n phases at s i g n a l i z e d i n t e r s e c t i o n s , have been considered, they a r e not r e c o m m e n d ed. M a k i n g p e d e s t r i a n movements e a s i e r would only r e s u l t i n i n c r e a s e d v e h i c l e t r a f f i c congestion w i t h no concomitant i n c r e a s e i n p e d e s t r i a n safety. 72 �Chapter VII Immediate Alternatives and R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s (1968-1970) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION T o avoid congestion and to e l i m i n a t e the p r o b l e m s at 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d Avenue u n t i l t h i s i n t e r s e c t i o n c a n be i m p r o v e d , a modified bus routing s c h e m e , a s shown i n F i g u r e 19, has been p r e p a r e d . T h i s scheme i s recommended a s a guideline for the amount of and the a r e a s w h e r e s e r v i c e should be provided. T h e r e r o u t i n g of buses because of the 12th S t r e e t and M a r y l a n d Avenue i n t e r s e c t i o n should by no means be c o n s i d e r ed a s a solution to the p r o b l e m . It only shows an a l t e r n a t i v e route until this intersection i s improved. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES A p p r o x i m a t e l y 22 buses w i l l t e r m i n a t e around the P o r t a l s i t e s , 44 buses i n the a r e a around the F B I building and 18 buses behind the D O T building. S t r e e t s w e r e examined to see i f t h e r e w a s enough c a p a c i t y to handle both p r i v a t e autos and the buses t e r m i n a t i n g on the s t r e e t s . T a b l e 23 (following F i g u r e 19) shows for a number of potential t e r m i n a l locations the n u m b e r of buses that w i l l t e r m i n a t e i n the peak hour, the storage c a p a c i t y u s i n g the c u r b l a n e , the number of l a n e s and the e s t i m a t e d p r i v a t e vehicle v o l u m e s i n the c r i t i c a l peak hour (the peak hour w i t h the highest total v o l u m e s ) . F r o m this table it c a n be concluded that the t r a f f i c volumes c a n be handled i n l e s s l a n e s than a r e a v a i l a b l e and the storage c a p a c i t y per hour i s enough to handle the number of peak hour b u s e s . T h e m a j o r loading and unloading a r e a w i l l be on D S t r e e t between 9th and 10th S t r e e t s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 290 buses a r e expected to s e r v e the F o r r e s t a l , L ' E n f a n t P l a z a , G S A and H U D B u i l d i n g s by 1973. Of these, 110 w i l l be on D S t r e e t w h i l e the r e m a i n d e r w i l l be on the 9th and 11th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y s , Independence Avenue and 7th S t r e e t . T h e c r i t i c a l period for bus stop c a p a c i t i e s w i l l be i n the p. m . peak hour when loading m u s t take p l a c e . T h e 290 peak hour buses w i l l s e r v e 26, 800 employees f r o m the above named buildings alone. F o r t y - f i v e percent, or 12, 050, w i l l r i d e t r a n s i t . Of these 68 percent, or 8, 200, w i l l depart i n the p. m . peak hour. T h i s r e s u l t s i n an a v e r a g e of 29 p a s s e n g e r s per bus, r e q u i r ing a loading t i m e of 87 ( s a y 90) seconds. �c {) i.,\ [I-l I r* i-i tl ql I A I I ¡ I c B I¡ !! til ilt ilili TFGEND n¡i O iil Number of peok (.) hour buses A-AB I &W, WV&M A--AB&W B-WV&M, B C- .j 38 33 D. C. Tronsit 42 D. C. Tronsit 36 C. Tronsit 3ó - D- D. C. Tronsit 32 D. C. Trqnsit 9 D - E-D. D. C. Tronsit 22 E- D. D. C -. C. Trqnsit, WMA 45 C. Tronsit 27 Totol D FIGURE E I9 RECOMMENDED BUS ROUTES I97O @ 320 I �T A B L E 23: P o t e n t i a l O n - S t r e e t T e r m i n a l L o c a t i o n s N u m b e r of B u s e s T e r m i n a t i n g in Peak Hour 1970 1973 Location D S t r e e t b e t w e e n 12th a n d 14th Streets C S t r e e t b e t w e e n 7th a n d 9th Streets D S t r e e t b e t w e e n 2nd a n d 3 r d Streets!/ 2nd S t r e e t b e t w e e n D S t r e e t a n d V i r g i n i a A v e n u e 3/ V i r g i n i a Avenue between 3 r d a n d 4th S t r e e t s ! / Bus Storage Total Peak Capacity P e r Hour in One Lane 1/ Street Width ( i n feet) Hour Volumes Private Autos 1970 1973 22 35 56 40 380 270 18 29 40 40 420 430 24 40 560 400 32 36 210 350 24 40 220 260 44 70 — A 15 m i n u t e w a i t p e r b u s w a s a s s u m e d 2/ — O n e - w a y eastbound 3/ — O n e - w a y southbound 4/ — O n e - w a y westbound T h e d i r e c t i o n a l s p l i t for loading of the 110 buses on D S t r e e t , i s 75 w e s t bound and 35 eastbound ( p . m . peak h o u r ) . T h e r e f o r e , on the a v e r a g e , we can expect 1. 9 buses to be loading i n westbound d i r e c t i o n and 0. 9 in the eastbound d i r e c t i o n at any given t i m e . A s the e x i s t i n g D S t r e e t cannot accommodate loading and unloading of buses at the c u r b along w i t h the expected peak hour t r a f f i c v o l u m e s , other solutions w e r e sought. T w o a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e deemed f e a s i b l e : • O f f - s t r e e t loading and unloading on Square 386 w i t h a t w o - w a y s t r e e t operation • O n - s t r e e t loading and unloading w i t h a one-way s t r e e t operation for p r i v a t e automobiles T h e f i r s t , shown i n F i g u r e 20, with o f f - s t r e e t loading and unloading and a t w o - w a y s t r e e t operation, has the following advantages: • It e l i m i n a t e s curb loading and unloading on D S t r e e t . • It p r o v i d e s a location w h e r e some buses c a n t e r m i n a t e . 75 �FIGURE 20 ALTERNATIVE ONE, D STREET BETWEEN 9TH AND 10TH STREETS �• I t i n c r e a s e s the c a p a c i t y of t w o - w a y t r a f f i c operation on D Street. • A f a c i l i t y at t h i s location could s e r v e a s a t e r m i n a l for V i r g i n i a buses after the D S t r e e t l i n e of the subway i s completed and u n t i l the second M e t r o R i v e r C r o s s i n g i s completed. T h e second a l t e r n a t i v e , shown i n F i g u r e 2 1 , p r o v i d e s e x c l u s i v e bus l a n e s , o n - s t r e e t loading and unloading and one-way eastbound t r a f f i c for p r i v a t e autos. Advantages of t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e a r e : • Square 386 could be made a v a i l a b l e for needed b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' parking. • It could be a c c o m p l i s h e d w i t h l e s s c o s t s • It r e d u c e s the number of conflicting t r a f f i c movements i n the area • It e l i m i n a t e s the n e c e s s i t y for buses to make a s e r i e s of t u r n s as would be r e q u i r e d by o f f - s t r e e t f a c i l i t i e s on Square 386.. A s both a l t e r n a t i v e s provide for the b a s i c objective - - a n adequate loading and unloading a r e a - - a n e a r l y d e c i s i o n between the two should be made by the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C o m m i t t e e . THE STREET SYSTEM T h e c l o s u r e of C S t r e e t between 6th and 7th S t r e e t s has been a m a t t e r of d i s c u s s i o n for some t i m e . T h e D . C . Redevelopment L a n d Agency c o n s i d e r s the p a r c e l s 19 and 20 (Square 463) a s committed and s e v e r a l building designs have been made, u s i n g both p a r c e l s and the i n t e r v e n i n g r i g h t - o f way. Continuation of C S t r e e t between 6th and 7th S t r e e t s would not i m p r o v e the t r a f f i c situation. Westbound t r a f f i c on C S t r e e t would conflict w i t h the heavy 7th Street m o v e m e n t s . B u s e s would s t i l l have to make dog leg movements f r o m D S t r e e t along 7th to C S t r e e t or the r e v e r s e . A s a r e s u l t , left t u r n s would have to be made at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 7th and D S t r e e t s . When C S t r e e t i s c l o s e d , buses w i l l s t i l l have to make a dog leg movement but left t u r n s w i l l be made at 6th and D S t r e e t s w i t h l e s s c o n f l i c t w i t h n o r t h - s o u t h t r a f f i c . C o n s i d e r i n g the t r a f f i c a s s i g n m e n t s a s w e l l 77 �FIGURE 21 ALTERNATIVE TWO, D STREET BETWEEN 9TH AND 10TH STREETS �a s the proposed bus r o u t e s , no j u s t i f i c a t i o n could be found to keep C S t r e e t open. C o n s i d e r a t i o n has been given to a continuation of D S t r e e t between 4th and 6th S t r e e t s and an extension over the C e n t e r L e g of the I n n e r Loop. A s f a r a s t r a f f i c v o l u m e s a r e concerned, a continuation of D S t r e e t between 4th and 6th S t r e e t s cannot be j u s t i f i e d . B u s l i n e s coming f r o m the w e s t side of the a r e a a r e scheduled to follow C S t r e e t east of 4th S t r e e t , i n o r d e r to s e r v e the northeast c o r n e r of the a r e a ( H E W N o r t h and South). T h e y , t h e r e f o r e , have to go north along 4th or 6th S t r e e t s . Continuation of D S t r e e t would not i m p r o v e this situation. B u s e s would be the p r i n c i p a l b e n e f i c i a r i e s of the proposed D S t r e e t i m p r o v e m e n t . H o w e v e r , c o n s t r u c tion p r o b l e m s m i t i g a t e against such a n improvement to s e r v e m a s s t r a n s i t . A n u n d e r p a s s under the r a i l r o a d could not be completed before 1971. S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d , D S t r e e t would be t o r n up for subway c o n s t r u c t i o n . It i s l i k e l y that the u n d e r p a s s would be closed at that t i m e . A f t e r the subway i s completed, t h e r e w i l l be l i t t l e need for e a s t - w e s t bus movement through the a r e a . T h e estimated costs for the D S t r e e t u n d e r p a s s a r e $2, 250, 000. A n extension of D S t r e e t over the C e n t e r L e g of the I n n e r Loop would be convenient for b u s e s . A g a i n , the r e a l need would be before subway o p e r a tion and it i s u n l i k e l y that an extension c a n be r e a l i z e d before 1971. T r a f f i c a s s i g n m e n t s do not show a p a r t i c u l a r need for such an extension. Independence Avenue would be r e l i e v e d by a p p r o x i m a t e l y 200 v e h i c l e s i n the peak hour. T o t a l t r a f f i c on the s t r u c t u r e over the C e n t e r L e g has been estimated at 500 to 800 v e h i c l e s i n the peak hour by 1973. T h e s t r u c t u r e , w i t h additional connections, would be e x p e n s i v e , (estimated costs $600, 000) however, without being a m a j o r improvement i n the s t r e e t s y s t e m . I f implemented, however, an extension of D S t r e e t over the C e n t e r L e g should be built s i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h the underpass to continue D S t r e e t between 4th and 6th S t r e e t s . W i t h the i n c r e a s i n g number of buses needed to s e r v e the Southwest E m ployment A r e a , it i s e s t i m a t e d that 70 buses have to make a left t u r n f r o m 14th S t r e e t southbound into Independence Avenue i n the peak hour by 1970 and 115 by 1973. Together w i t h the i n c r e a s i n g volumes of p r i v a t e autom o b i l e s , congestion c a n be expected ( F i g u r e s 10 and 14). T o get the buses into the Southwest a r e a and to r e l i e v e the congestion at Independence Avenue and 14th S t r e e t , some of the buses should t u r n left at 14th and C S t r e e t . T h e r e f o r e , a left t u r n should be allowed at that point and C S t r e e t should be made t w o - w a y between 13th and 14th S t r e e t s . A n i n t e r section d i a g r a m w i t h e s t i m a t e d volumes and s i g n a l phasing i s shown i n F i g u r e 22. �APPROACH • %B+T %R %L G/C North 3.5 — 10 South East 2.5 5.0 4.6 45 %B+T %R %L G/C C A P A C I T Y (VPH) L E V E L OF SERVICE D FIGURE 22 INTERSECTION OF UTH AND C STREETS 0.58 55 0.06 2800 115 North CAPACITY (VPH) LEVEL OF SERVICE D 0.63 2260 South East 3.0 3.0 10.0 7 24 — 5 0.54 — — 0.38 1880 76 0.17 575 �T o allow a phase for p e d e s t r i a n s , a s shown i n f i g u r e 22, the i n t e r s e c t i o n would have to operate at a l e v e l of s e r v i c e D . A n a l t e r n a t i v e for pedest r i a n s c r o s s i n g 14th S t r e e t would be to use the proposed p e d e s t r i a n o v e r p a s s south of 14th S t r e e t and D S t r e e t . T h e preceding recommendation w i l l only be n e c e s s a r y u n t i l b a s i c r a p i d t r a n s i t i s i n operation. A f t e r that, the number of peak hour buses w i l l drop s i g n i f i c a n t l y (an e s t i m a t e d 60 percent for the a r e a ) . A f t e r completion of the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y r a m p s , the following s t r e e t modifications a r e recommended (see F i g u r e 23): • Make V i r g i n i a Avenue one-way westbound between 2nd and 7th S t r e e t s • Make D S t r e e t one-way eastbound between 2nd and 4th S t r e e t s • Make 2nd S t r e e t one-way southbound between D Street and V i r g i n i a Avenue • A l l o w left t u r n f r o m C S t r e e t westbound into 3 r d S t r e e t • S i g n a l i z e the 4th S t r e e t - - D S t r e e t - - V i r g i n i a Avenue intersection The 6th S t r e e t - - V i r g i n i a Avenue - - D S t r e e t i n t e r s e c t i o n should be s i g n a l i z e d when m a j o r bus routes a r e routed along D S t r e e t , 6th and C S t r e e t . 81 �FIGURE 23 RECOMMENDED STREET MODIFICATIONS �Chapter VIII Alternatives a n d R e c o m m e n d a t i o n s (1970-1973) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION A s stated i n the p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r s , a new bus routing scheme i s needed. T h e recommended bus routes shown i n F i g u r e 24 a r e p r i m a r i l y the same a s f o r 1970, although a number of V i r g i n i a buses w e r e r e r o u t e d f r o m D Street and 7th S t r e e t to the 9th and 11th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y s and to A d a m s D r i v e because of capacity c o n s t r a i n t s at the D and 7th S t r e e t i n t e r s e c t i o n . T h e proposed use of A d a m s D r i v e a s a bus route s e r v i n g the Southwest a r e a r e f l e c t s the c r i t i c a l situation that can be expected. I f i t i s decided that s t r e e t s must be c l o s e d during c o n s t r u c t i o n of the subw a y stations, a s shown i n the e x i s t i n g W M A T A c o n s t r u c t i o n schedule, a l l locations w i l l be closed between A p r i l 1971 and J u l y 1972 ( r e f e r to F i g u r e 12). W i t h the l i m i t e d number of s t r e e t s i n the Southwest a r e a , a l t e r n a t i v e routes for buses w i l l be v e r y s c a r c e . S t r e e t c l o s i n g s w i l l not only lengthen the bus t r i p t i m e s because of n e c e s s a r y detours, but other v e h i c l e t r a f f i c congestion w i l l add to d e c r e a s e d bus s e r v i c e . Strong efforts should therefore be made to keep the s t r e e t s open during c o n s t r u c t i o n of the subway s t a t i o n s . B u s operations e s p e c i a l l y w i l l be a d v e r s e l y affected by the c l o s u r e of D Street between 6th and 9th S t r e e t s . T h e important r o l e of public t r a n s p o r tation i n the Southwest a r e a should be recognized and at l e a s t those s t r e e t s needed for bus operation should be kept open. T o continue bus s e r v i c e i n the a r e a , w i t h D S t r e e t closed between 6th and 9th S t r e e t s , the following r e r o u t i n g would be n e c e s s a r y ( F i g u r e 25): • B u s e s eastbound at D S t r e e t would t u r n right at l o w e r 10th Street and left at the F r o n t a g e Road (now p h y s i c a l l y i m p o s s i b l e ) , then f r o m the F r o n t a g e R o a d left into 7th S t r e e t (a difficult t u r n for b u s e s because of the g r a d e ) , right to E Street and left again at 6th S t r e e t . • B u s e s westbound at D S t r e e t f r o m the H E W a r e a would have to t u r n r i g h t into V i r g i n i a Avenue at 6th S t r e e t following V i r g i n i a Avenue a l l the w a y down to 9th S t r e e t , m a k i n g a right t u r n into D S t r e e t . Although the s t r e e t width between the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s 83 �iil c {) r..) i iI/'l i --- il_l j ll ,* .) 1. j t/¿ n A c B LEGEND t: ii Number of peok (-) hour buses Il A LI A--AB&W -AB&W, WV&M B B J ól 53 D. C. Tronsit ó5 - -D. C. Tronsit -WV&M, 5B C. Tronsit 57 C -D. C. Tronsit 5t D C. Tronsit l5 D C. Tronsit C. Tronsit, C - -D. E E -D. - -D. -D. - -D. 35 WMA 72 C. Tronsit 43 Toto D FIGURE E 24 RECOMMENDED BUS ROUTES 1973 I 5.I0 I �:. it () C ''1 it: , Í :! __ -- ,.,_i l i.,l !_-: i i_-,,_...-: t: --l i_,.*j I ì ) :i !-t # :,1 l " - i: i A c B .,! )¡ it, ll: ::t:!li:l lN: !ù rili ::li I i ti l l iil o '. - ;'_:-r-:'_i i"- -l i--l I i--*,-- i LEGEND "... i*-..-....... ... . ...i Number of peok O A-AB&W, A--AB&W B-WV&M, hour buses ól WV&M 53 D. C. Tronsir ó5 - -D. C. Trqnsit CD. C. Tronsit CD. C. Tronsit D-D. C. Tronsil 58 C. Tronsit 35 B I .ì. T iJ ll D D. E C. Tronsìt, D. C. Tronsit - E-D. - - 57 5l l5 72 WMA 43 Totol D FIGURE E 25 RECOMMENDED REROUTING WITH STR,EETS CLOSED FOR SUBWAY STATION CONSTRUCTION 510 �A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g and the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y r e t a i n i n g w a l l i s only 27 feet, b u s e s w i l l have sufficient space at D S t r e e t to make the r i g h t t u r n . Another a l t e r n a t i v e would be to use the road behind the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g one-way eastbound. I n t h i s c a s e , the F r o n t a g e Road could r e m a i n one-way westbound. T h e m a j o r disadvantage of t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e i s that no a c c e s s f r o m 7th S t r e e t to the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y r a m p s would be provided. A l s o , the 7th S t r e e t and V i r g i n i a Avenue i n t e r section would be m o r e h e a v i l y loaded. I f it i s decided to c l o s e D S t r e e t during subway c o n s t r u c t i o n , i t i s recommended to r e r o u t e the buses a s shown i n F i g u r e 25. It i s c l e a r that the c i r c u i t o u s bus routes w i l l c a u s e d e l a y s , additional congestion and a s h a r p d e c r e a s e i n bus s e r v i c e . THE STREET SYSTEM I f s t r e e t s must be c l o s e d d u r i n g subway c o n s t r u c t i o n , congestion c a n be expected i n the a r e a between 6th and 10th S t r e e t s and at the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 14th S t r e e t and Independence Avenue westbound to 14th Street (due to 12th Street c l o s u r e ) . D S t r e e t c l o s u r e between the 6th and 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y s , excluding the 7th S t r e e t i n t e r s e c t i o n , w i l l make s p e c i a l m e a s u r e s n e c e s s a r y to dec r e a s e detours and congestion. • T h e a r e a behind the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g would have to be used to provide a one-way westbound a c c e s s road to D S t r e e t and the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y . T h e e x i s t i n g p a r k i n g lot at t h i s location would have to be r e m o v e d to Square 386. • F o r eastbound oriented t r a f f i c on D S t r e e t w e s t of the 9th S t r e e t E x p r e s s w a y , a t w o - w a y operation on the F r o n t a g e Road h a s to be provided (at l e a s t n e c e s s a r y for b u s e s ) . E v e n w i t h these s p e c i a l m e a s u r e s congestion w i l l o c c u r d u r i n g the peak p e r i o d s . No r e a s o n a b l e a l t e r n a t i v e routes c a n be found for t r a f f i c n o r m a l l y u s i n g D S t r e e t between 6th and 10th S t r e e t s . 86 �PARKING A s p r e v i o u s l y noted, the p a r k i n g situation w i l l be w o r s e than i n 1970. E v e n w i t h c a r occupancy f i g u r e s a s high a s 2 . 4 , t h e r e w i l l be a shortage of p a r k i n g i n the a r e a between 11th and 15th S t r e e t s , around the G e n e r a l S e r v i c e s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n B u i l d i n g and i n the a r e a around H E W and the F B I Building. I f the P o r t a l and N o r t h P o r t a l s i t e s a r e built according to the e x i s t i n g development schedule, 1, 200 t e m p o r a r y p a r k i n g spaces w i l l be r e m o v e d . I f , at the same time, c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a r t s at Square 537, a total of a l m o s t 1, 800 spaces w i l l be r e m o v e d . H o w e v e r , the l a t e s t plans f o r Square 537 c a l l for a development w i t h 300 spaces f o r employees and v i s i t o r s and 900 additional public s p a c e s . I f these plans for the development on Square 537 a r e implemented, there would be a p p r o x i m a t e l y 350 p a r k i n g spaces above those now e x i s t i n g a v a i l able for employees i n surrounding buildings. I n addition to the shortage i n employee p a r k i n g , mentioned before, t h e r e i s a l s o a demand for o v e r 4, 000 p a r k i n g spaces for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s to the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a . T o a l l e v i a t e the c r i t i c a l p a r k i n g s i t u a tion, the following recommendations a r e made. 1. T h e proposed construction on Square 537 should be expedited i n o r d e r to make the additional p a r k i n g spaces a v a i l a b l e for Southwest employees. I f p o s s i b l e , at l e a s t a p a r t of the p a r k ing spaces now a v a i l a b l e should be maintained during c o n s t r u c tion. T h e total number of p a r k i n g spaces at Square 537 could be i n c r e a s e d f r o m the proposed 1, 200 to 2, 000. T h e additional p a r k i n g spaces should be used for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s and for employees. T h e location of the s i t e would make it possible to provide e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s along 3 r d , 4th and E S t r e e t s . A f t e r completion of the C e n t e r L e g F r e e w a y , the site would have good a c c e s s f r o m a l l d i r e c t i o n s and with proper e n t r a n c e s the a d d i t i o n a l peak hour t r a f f i c could be handled. A f e a s i b i l i t y study would give the a c t u a l demand for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' p a r k i n g i n t h i s a r e a . E m p l o y e e p a r k i n g spaces i n other buildings could be made a v a i l a b l e for v i s i t o r s , d i v e r t i n g employees to the additiona l p a r k i n g spaces at Square 537. 2. A p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e should be built at the North P o r t a l s i t e . 87 �A s shown i n T a b l e s 3 and 5, a new A g r i c u l t u r e Annex B u i l d i n g w i l l be constructed after 1973. T h i s w i l l b r i n g the employee per p a r k i n g space r a t i o i n the a r e a between 12th and 15th S t r e e t s down to s i x . A d d i t i o n a l p a r k i n g on the North P o r t a l s i t e , f i r s t used for employee p a r k i n g , could upon completion of the A g r i c u l t u r e Annex B u i l d i n g , be used f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s ' and t o u r i s t s ' p a r k i n g ( t o u r i s t s to the B u r e a u of E n g r a v i n g and P r i n t i n g ) . A p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e containing at l e a s t 1, 000 spaces o v e r employee r e q u i r e m e n t s s e e m s to be reasonable f o r the a r e a between 12th and 15th S t r e e t s . A detailed p a r k i n g f e a s i b i l i t y study would be n e c e s s a r y to give a m o r e p r e c i s e indication of the demand. 3. D e s i g n s of proposed buildings should be r e v i e w e d w i t h the object i v e of i n c r e a s i n g the number of p a r k i n g spaces (DGS Office, South P o r t a l , T e r m i n a l Office C o m m u n i t y B u i l d i n g ) . T h e a d d i t i o n a l p a r k i n g w i l l be needed for employees and b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s in these buildings as w e l l a s for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s for the s u r rounding buildings a l r e a d y completed. The recommendations to i n c r e a s e the total number of p a r k i n g spaces could be made because of t h r e e r e a s o n s : 1. T h e detailed study done during the past nine months has shown that t h e r e a r e s t r e e t s w h i c h can accommodate m o r e peak hour traffic, namely: • • • • • • • • C Street between 12th and 14th S t r e e t s D Street between the 11th Street E x p r e s s w a y and 14th Street 12th Street 4th Street 3rd Street C Street between 2nd and 6th S t r e e t s D Street between 2nd and 4th S t r e e t s V i r g i n i a Avenue between 2nd and 4th S t r e e t s T h e s i t e s recommended for i n c r e a s e d p a r k i n g a r e s e r v e d by these s t r e e t s . 2. 3. 88 I f recommendations concerning staggered w o r k i n g h o u r s , r e m o v a l of o n - s t r e e t p a r k i n g and t r a f f i c operations i m p r o v e m e n t s a r e implemented, s t r e e t capacity and the t r a f f i c volumes that can be handled i n the peak periods c a n be i n c r e a s e d . A s u b s t a n t i a l part of the additional p a r k i n g should be r e s e r v e d f o r b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s , r e s u l t i n g i n a l a r g e proportion of off-peak hour t r i p s . �In connection w i t h the p a r k i n g needs i n the Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a , i t i s recommended to study the f e a s i b i l i t y of an underground p a r k i n g g a rage under T h e M a l l for t o u r i s t s a s w e l l a s for b u s i n e s s v i s i t o r s . PEDESTRIANS T o d e c r e a s e the number of conflicts between v e h i c l e s and p e d e s t r i a n s , e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s f r o m subway stations d i r e c t l y into adjacent buildings should be p r o v i d e d . Subway e n t r a n c e s f r o m the following buildings a r e recommended: • Department of A g r i c u l t u r e South B u i l d i n g to the Independence Avenue station • G S A and H U D B u i l d i n g s to the L ' E n f a n t P l a z a station • H E W South, F e d e r a l B u i l d i n g No. 8 and F B I B u i l d i n g s to the V o i c e of A m e r i c a Station A s stated e a r l i e r , a t - g r a d e p e d e s t r i a n c r o s s w a l k s with or without a s p e c i a l p e d e s t r i a n s i g n a l phase w i l l i n c r e a s e v e h i c l e t r a f f i c congestion. A combination of p e d e s t r i a n u n d e r p a s s e s and subway station entrances and e x i t s should therefore be considered w h e r e applicable. F o r example, at the 12th Street and Independence Avenue, the 7th and D S t r e e t s and the 3rd and D S t r e e t s i n t e r s e c t i o n s . A p e d e s t r i a n concourse between the 7th and D S t r e e t s station, a s mended. T h e concourse should, B u i l d i n g No. 10A or an entrance S t r e e t should be provided. the new development on Square 463 and proposed by W M A T A , i s highly r e c o m i f p o s s i b l e , be extended to F e d e r a l to the concourse on the w e s t side of 7th 89 ��APPENDIXES ��Appendix A C a p a c i t y a n d L e v e l of S e r v i c e ��T h e i n d i v i d u a l u s e r of the s t r e e t i s not concerned w i t h the c a p a c i t y of the s t r e e t o r the i n t e r s e c t i o n he i s approaching but he i s a w a r e of the effect of high v o l u m e s on h i s a b i l i t y to t r a v e l on the s t r e e t . He i s , thus, to some degree a w a r e of a " l e v e l of s e r v i c e " of that s t r e e t . Many f a c t o r s c a n be c o n s i d e r e d i n evaluating l e v e l of s e r v i c e . T h e f a c t o r s most u s e d a r e speed and the r a t i o of demand volume to c a p a c i t y . T h e f o l lowing i s a quote f r o m T h e Highway C a p a c i t y Manual d e s c r i b i n g the five l e v e l s of s e r v i c e f r o m A through E : A t l e v e l of s e r v i c e A t h e r e a r e no loaded c y c l e s ( i . e . , the load f a c t o r i V i s 0. 0) and few a r e even c l o s e to loaded. No approach phase i s f u l l y u t i l i z e d by t r a f f i c and no v e h i c l e w a i t s longer than one r e d i n dication. T y p i c a l l y the approach a p p e a r s quite open, turning m o v e ments a r e e a s i l y made, and n e a r l y a l l d r i v e r s find freedom of operation, t h e i r only c o n c e r n being the chance that the light w i l l be r e d , or t u r n r e d , when they approach. L e v e l of s e r v i c e B r e p r e s e n t s stable operation, w i t h a load f a c tor of not over 0. l j an o c c a s i o n a l approach phase i s f u l l y u t i l i z e d and a s u b s t a n t i a l number a r e approaching f u l l u s e . Many d r i v e r s begin to f e e l somewhat r e s t r i c t e d w i t h i n platoons of v e h i c l e s . Under t y p i c a l r u r a l conditions t h i s frequently w i l l be suitable operation for r u r a l design p u r p o s e s . I n l e v e l of s e r v i c e C stable operation continues. Loading i s s t i l l i n t e r m i t t e n t , but m o r e frequent, w i t h the load f a c t o r ranging f r o m 0. 1 to 0. 3. O c c a s i o n a l l y d r i v e r s m a y have to wait through m o r e than one r e d s i g n a l i n d i c a t i o n , and b a c k - u p s may develop b e hind t u r n i n g v e h i c l e s . Most d r i v e r s f e e l somewhat r e s t r i c t e d , but not objectionably so. I n the absence of l o c a l conditions dictating o t h e r w i s e , t h i s i s the l e v e l t y p i c a l l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h u r b a n design practice. L e v e l of s e r v i c e D encompasses a zone of i n c r e a s i n g r e s t r i c t i o n approaching i n s t a b i l i t y i n the l i m i t when the load f a c t o r r e a c h e s 0. 70. D e l a y s to approaching v e h i c l e s m a y be s u b s t a n t i a l during short peaks w i t h i n the peak p e r i o d , but enough c y c l e s w i t h l o w e r demand o c c u r to p e r m i t p e r i o d i c c l e a r a n c e of developing queues, thus preventing e x cessive back-ups. — A r a t i o of the total number of g r e e n s i g n a l i n t e r v a l s that a r e f u l l y u t i l i z e d by t r a f f i c during the peak hour to the total number of g r e e n i n t e r v a l s f o r that approach during the s a m e p e r i o d . I t s m a x i m u m attainable value i s one. A-l �C a p a c i t y o c c u r s at l e v e l of s e r v i c e E . I t r e p r e s e n t s the most v e h i c l e s that any p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r s e c t i o n approach can accommodate. Although t h e o r e t i c a l l y a load f a c t o r of 1. 0 would r e p r e s e n t c a p a c i t y , i n p r a c t i c e f u l l u t i l i z a t i o n of e v e r y c y c l e i s s e l d o m attained, no m a t t e r how great the demand, u n l e s s the s t r e e t i s highly f r i c t i o n - f r e e . A load factor range of 0. 7 to 1 . 0 i s m o r e r e a l i s t i c . I n the absence of a l o c a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n , u s e of 0. 85 i s recommended for i s o l a t e d i n t e r s e c t i o n s . F o r interconnected s i g n a l s a higher f a c t o r m a y be a p p r o p r i a t e , a s d i s c u s s e d i n Chapter T e n . A t c a p a c i t y there m a y be long queues of v e h i c l e s w a i t i n g u p s t r e a m of the i n t e r s e c t i o n and delays m a y be great (up to s e v e r a l s i g n a l c y c l e s ) . Although l e v e l of s e r v i c e C should be used for design p u r p o s e s , l e v e l of s e r v i c e D i s a t o l e r a b l e l e v e l of s e r v i c e f o r peak hour t r a f f i c i n u r b a n areas. �Appendix B Computer Analysis ��T h e computer a n a l y s i s c o n s i s t s of two b a s i c e l e m e n t s : a network and a t r i p table. T h e network i s a d e s c r i p t i o n of the s t r e e t s y s t e m and the p a r k i n g a r e a s . I t c o n s i s t s of a s e r i e s of nodes connected by l i n k s . E a c h s t r e e t at the p e r i p h e r y of the Study A r e a i s d e s c r i b e d a s an e x t e r n a l zone w i t h the a b i l i t y to produce a n d / o r a t t r a c t t r i p s . E a c h c u r b face and each p a r k i n g garage or lot i s d e s c r i b e d a s an i n t e r n a l zone w i t h a s i m i l a r a b i l i t y . T h e f i r s t network d e s c r i b e s the e x i s t i n g s t r e e t s y s t e m s ; succeeding netw o r k s a r e modifications of the o r i g i n a l r e f l e c t i n g proposed changes i n the s y s t e m . T h u s , s t r e e t s to be closed a r e deleted, and s t r e e t s to be opened a r e added to the network. S i m i l a r l y , s t r e e t s c a n be changed f r o m one-way to t w o - w a y operation or t h e i r directions, r e v e r s e d and t u r n i n g movements c a n be prohibited o r allowed a s a p p r o p r i a t e . T h e t r i p table i s a tabulation of one-way t r i p s among a l l zones. T h r o u g h t r i p s , for e x a m p l e , t r i p s between e x t e r n a l s t a t i o n s , a r e e s t i m a t e d s e p a r a t e l y and then deducted f r o m e x t e r n a l productions and a t t r a c t i o n s before distributions of i n t e r n a l t r i p s a r e c a l c u l a t e d . T h e i n t e r n a l t r i p table can be developed by u s i n g a s i m p l i f i e d model w h i c h ignores t r a v e l t i m e and distance. I n effect, it a s s u m e s that t r i p s to or f r o m i n t e r n a l zones a r e distributed to e x t e r n a l zones i n proportion to the percentage of total t r i p productions and a t t r a c t i o n s for each e x t e r n a l zone. T r i p tables a r e developed for the a . m . and p. m . peak hour. B e c a u s e o r i g i n - d e s t i n a t i o n studies u s u a l l y u n d e r - r e p o r t short l o c a l t r i p s , s p e c i a l studies of the t r i p - g e n e r a t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t y p i c a l u s e s a r e made for the period for w h i c h a s s i g n m e n t s a r e made. T h e productions and a t t r a c t i o n s of each i n t e r n a l zone w e r e c a l c u l a t e d by adding p a r k i n g , t a x i t r i p s , t r u c k d e l i v e r i e s , and bus s c h e d u l e s . A t a x i w i l l equal one a t t r a c t i o n and one production. T h e s a m e i s t r u e f o r buses and most t r u c k d e l i v e r i e s . S i m i l a r l y , t r i p s p a r k i n g at the curb i n high t u r n o v e r space, and p r i v a t e auto t r i p s to fronts of m a j o r buildings a r e n e a r l y equal i n productions and a t t r a c t i o n s . On the other hand, t r i p s to or f r o m o f f - s t r e e t spaces w e r e h e a v i l y weighted t o w a r d a t t r a c t i o n s or productions during peak h o u r s . B-l �T r i p tables a r e r e v i s e d f o r each a l t e r n a t i v e f o r w h i c h an assignment made. I n the c a s e of proposed new developments, e s t i m a t e s of t r i p ductions and a t t r a c t i o n s w e r e made. T h e s e two b a s i c e l e m e n t s , the w o r k and the t r i p table, w e r e s t o r e d i n a computer and the t r i p table then a s s i g n e d to the network. is pronetwas T o do t h i s , the computer c a l c u l a t e d the s h o r t e s t path f r o m e a c h zone to e v e r y other zone and a s s i g n e d the t r i p s to that path. Repeating t h i s p r o c e s s f o r e v e r y zone indicated the total number of t r i p s on each l i n k . T h e m i n i m u m path assignment m a y prove to be h e a v i l y b i a s e d to a p a r t i c u l a r s t r e e t or group of s t r e e t s and for t h i s r e a s o n it should be checked i n t i m e . O c c a s i o n a l l y it m a y be n e c e s s a r y to d i s t o r t speeds to e l i m i n a t e c e r tain l i n k s f r o m the m i n i m u m path. T h e most common situations a r e a l l e y s or v e r y n a r r o w s t r e e t s w h i c h a r e used f o r only l o c a l s e r v i c e . However, other situations s o m e t i m e s a r i s e n e a r interchanges w h i c h can lead to v e r y unusual a s s i g n m e n t s if " n o r m a l " speeds a r e used for e x p r e s s w a y s , r a m p s and s t r e e t s . T h e purpose of going through t h i s e n t i r e p r o c e s s f o r the e x i s t ing s y s t e m w a s to obtain a check on the a c c u r a c y of the method and a s s u m p t i o n s . A f t e r the f i r s t such assignment, s e v e r a l changes w e r e made i n the network, p a r t i c u l a r l y changes i n t r a v e l t i m e s and the i n s e r t i o n of t u r n pena l t i e s at c r i t i c a l i n t e r s e c t i o n s . I f each link i n the important i n t e r s e c t i o n s i s coded, t u r n penalties can be i n s e r t e d s i m p l y by adding t i m e to turning l i n k s i n question. T h e t r i p table w a s a l s o adjusted to give each a r e a i t s p r o p e r number of t r i p s . T h e s e changes help produce an assignment of e x i s t i n g t r i p s to the e x i s t i n g s t r e e t s y s t e m w h i c h i s i n agreement w i t h a c t u a l volume c h a r t s . Obviously, the f o r e c a s t s of future t r i p s c a n only be e s t i m a t e s . H o w e v e r , it i s highly a c c u r a t e for the conditions a s s u m e d i n each a s s i g n m e n t . One r e a s o n for t h i s i s the p r e c i s e n e s s of the e x e r c i s e , i n that each zone i s to be a n a l y z e d i n d i v i d u a l l y , and each must be completed. T h i s f o r c e s the e s t i m a t o r to recognize each i n d i v i d u a l element of the s y s t e m and to make r a t i o n a l e s t i m a t e s for each one. I n addition to t h i s attention to d e t a i l , the computer, i t s e l f , b r i n g s a high degree of a c c u r a c y to the thousands of i n d i v i d u a l c a l c u l a t i o n s r e q u i r e d f o r the p r o c e s s . B-2 �Appendix C Southwest E m p l o y m e n t Area Questionnaire ���Southwest Employment Area Transportation Questionnaire The attached questionnaire concerns your mode of transportation to and from your work in the Southwest Employment Area. There are approximately 35,000 employees in this area today; however, by the time new buildings now under construction in this area are completed, there will be close to 60,000. In order to provide for adequate t r a n s portation for this tremendous increase in employment, we need your help in obtaining information on your home to job travel habits. A transportation consulting firm on behalf of the Federal agencies in the Southwest Employment Area, will compile and analyze the information contained in the completed questionnaires. P l e a s e complete this questionnaire and promptly return it to officers from whom you received it. Thank you. •• • �KEY 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Department of A g r i c u l t u r e Department of Defense Department of H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n and W e l f a r e F e d e r a l B u r e a u of I n v e s t i g a t i o n Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n T r e a s u r y Department General Services Administration National A e r o n a u t i c s and Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n Smithsonian I n s t i t u t i o n United States I n f o r m a t i o n Agency United States C o u r t �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY AGENCIES BUILDINGS Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 0 33 0 34 035 036 037 041 042 051 0 52 061 062 063 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 070 081 082 083 0 84 091 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL 1 2 4 5 C-4 EMPLOYEES QUESTIONNAIRE FRAVELMODE TO WORK 1 2 11 15 5 343 8 57 48 6 88 22 59 5 40 1 60 94 53 21 190 64 106 21 1 6 0 1 ~r 93 2 5 7 3 26 60 35 3 13 9 3 44 4 1 10 1644 6 5 1 158 3 i6 9 0 34 7 29 3 26 0 27 26 27 19 51 27 51 9 1 0 1 0 0 40 5 1 4 0 6 10 12 0 5 2 0 12 1 1 4 639 p r i v a t e auto bus taxi walk other 4 0 0 0 11 1 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 T 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 D 39 5 TOTAL 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 10 2 11 0 1 0 8 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 u" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 17 20 6 517 12 76 59 6 135 32 99 8 69 1 97 122 86 42 246 92 158 32 2 6 1 1 1 138 7 7 11 3 35 76 50 3 19 12 3 60 5 2 14 23 88 u 0 0 0 o 0 2 4 3 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 61 �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY TRAVELMODE AGENCIES BUILDINGS 1 Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 041 042 051 052 061 062 063 071 072 073 0 74 075 076 077 073 079 070 081 082 083 084 091 092 093 101 102 _ 103 111 TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 EMPLOYEES QUESTIONNAIRE 11 14 5 340 7 59 • 50 6 88 21 61 4 44 1 59 91 48 17 189 54 90 21 2 6 0 1 1 94 2 5 6 3 26 60 37 3 12 8 3 47 4 1 10 1611 = = = = = FROM WORK 2 3 4 5 6 6 1 162 5 15 7 0 36 7 28 4 24 0 29 28 26 17 48 37 56 8 0 0 1 0 0 41 4 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 3 3 10 0 1 0 6 2 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 o M 1 w 0 0 Q 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 Q 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 ? 4 0 6 10 Q 0 6 4 0 10 1 1 3 652 o 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 1 0 0 0 0 o~ 0 0 0 0 17 3 5 4 0 1 0 0 3 0 " 0 1 63 0 - 0 0 "0'" 0 0 0 0 1 0 " o 0 < " Y n 0 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 ,3 0 9 TOTAL 17 20 6 515 12 76 58 6 134 32 99 8 69 1 97 122 78 37 243 91 148 30 2 6 1 1 1 136 7 7 1C 3 35 76 50 3 19 12 3 60 5 2 ~ 14 2352 p r i v a t e auto bus taxi walk other C-5 �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY TRAVELMODE TRAVELMODE TO W O R K I 2 3 4 5 TOTAL 1 3 4 5 C-6 = = = = = 2 1531 63 10 5 0 1609 1 2 EMPLOYEES 79 550 IB 4 0 651 p r i v a t e auto bus taxi walk other QUESTIONNAIRE FROM WORK 3 4 5 TOTAL 5 4 9 3 2 50 0 63 4 9 1622 626 38 59 4 2349 2 10 0 0 17 0 0 0 �TOTAL TOWORK AGENCIES BUILDINGS Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 041 042 051 052 061 0 62 06 3 071 0 72 073 0 74 0 75 0 76 077 078 079 070 081 082 083 0 84 091 092 0 93 101 102 103 111 TOTAL _ ... 16 4 9 363 3 40 44 6 100 26 53 11 53 U 60 95 48 14 196 63 80 27 3 7 0 0 c 92 2 11 14 2 20 76 24 2 10 7 3 49 2 2 11 1648 TOTAL 16 4 9 363 3 40 44 6 100 26 53 11 53 0 60 95 48 14 196 63 80 27 3 7 0 0 0 92 2 11 14 2 2C 76 24 2 10 7 3 49 2 2 11 1648 HOW M A N Y P E O P L E I N C L U D I N G Y O U R S E L F ( T H E D R I V E R ) D I D Y O U T A K E TO WORK ? C-7 �SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC STUDY EMPLOYEES TOTAL AGFNCIES BUILDINGS Oil 012 013 0 14 TOTAL 7 7 3 3 3 3 137 137 015 2 2 016 23 23 021 34 34 0 22 6 6 57 57 0 32 15 033 34 15 34 O i l 0 34 4 4 035 25 25 016 o 0 0 37 0 41 2 8 36 36 042 1Q 19 051 05? 2fl 9 9 87 87 '•61 36 36 062 49 4 0 63 17 17 C 071 1 1 ^72 6 6 073 0 '•74 0 0 R 075 (. 76 D r 5S 5* 4 4 079 6 6 070 n p ]_ 092 2 2 077 078 08 3 f R4 091 11 7 11 36 36 16 16 2 2 8 9 0 02 09^ 4 1 01 37 37 1 0? 2 2 103 1 1 1 11 < S 6 TOTAL 2 P ? ? -32 NUMBER O F DRIVERS TO WORK C-8 TO WORK QUESTIONNAIRES �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY PASS AGENCIES 3UIL DINGS 0 11 6 12 " 013 014 Ol5~ 016 021 022 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 041 042 051 052 061 062 063 071 072 073 0 r4 075 076 077 078 079 070 081 082 083 084 091 092 093 101 162 103 111 TOTAL EMPLOYEES TOTAL _ 6 3 3 137 2 23 28 1 39 WORKING IN 8LOG ~~ 6 3 1 37 23 4 13 0 17 33 13 7 60 24 49 17 1 1 0 "0 0 19 ~ 0 0 4 " TJ 9 25 8 0 3 1 1 10 0 I 4 599 QUESTIONNAIRES ?3 4 13 v• 17 33 18 7 60 24 49 17 1 1 0 0 b 19 0 0 4 "0 9 25 "8 0 3 1 1 10 0 1 4 3 ? ?3 '8 1 39 599 P A S S E N G E R S RIDING WITH S O U T H W E S T E M P L O Y E E AND TN TTTR S A M E TttTTT.nTNfl A S TTTF, D R T V F . R - T O WORK WORKING C-9 �SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC -l^ r 0 14 015 0 16 r 71 0 22 031 r 12 0 3? 0 34 035 036 0 37 041 T42 051 0 52 ^61 06? 0h3 0 71 072 073 ~ 0 74 0 75 076 ' 077 078 0 79 070 081 0 82 083" 0 84 091 09? EMPLOYEES PASS A G E N T IFS BUILDINGS Oil 012 STUDY WORKING IN QUESTIONNAIRES SaA TOTAL 6 3 6 ? 3 136 136 23 ?7 ?3 27 f > ^4 4 ~> 2 0 34 4 23 ? 10 0 15 21 15 5 43 19 49 17 1 0 0 2 23 2 10 0 15 27 15 5 4< ^ 1a 49 17 I 0 0 ^ o 0 0 • 0 2 0 8 8 ? 0 0 6 0 6 091 21 5 1 2 I 1 21 5 1 2 1 1 6 6 TOTAL 0 1 3 520 " 1 31 1 0? 103 111 0 1 3 5 20 PASSENGERS RIDING WITH SOUTHWEST E M P L O Y E E AND WORKING IN SOUTHWEST (BUT NOT IN T H E SAME BUILDING) - TO WORK. C-10 �SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC STUDY EMPLOYEES PASS AGFNCIES BUILDINGS Oil ~DT2 0 13 014 015 016 021 02? 031 032 0 34 035 ~036 037 041 04? 051 05? 061 06? 063 071 0 72 073 074 0 75 076 0 77 078 079 070 081 082 083 G84 091 092 093 101 ~T03 103 111 TOTAL QUESTIONNAIRES WORKING OUTS SN TOTAL 6 ? 2 133 2 23 27 0 33 3 20 1 6 o 15 27 14 7 41 16 49 17 1 0 0 D 0 11 1 2 0 6 21 5 0 I I I 1 1 505 6 2 2 133 2 23 27 0 33 3 20 1 6 0 15 27 14 7 43 16 49 17 1 0 f) U 0 11 0 1 2 o 6 21 5 2 1 1 6 1 0 1 505 PASSENGERS RIDING WITH SOUTHWEST E M P L O Y E E AND WORKING OUTSIDE SOUTHWEST - TO WORK C-ll �SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC STUDY DRIVERS PARKING AGENCIES BUILOIMGS Oil 012 013 014 015 n i6 021 _Q22 031 032 . .0 33 0 34 035 036 037 041 042 051 052 061 062 063 ...071 072 073 074 07^ 076 _ 077 078 0 79 0 70 031 03? 0 9^ 034 091 i 2 7 0 0 1 5 0 3 3 ? ... 164 1 26 33 6 6? 13 _37 4 23 _ .. 0 33 ?4 11 TOTAL ? Q. 0 ? 2 0 ? 0 n 9 4 1 0 4 3 0 .0 0 10? 31 45 15 1 5 0 _____ 0 0 51 1 4 6 n 0 5 1 n 0 0 i l 2 0 4 ? 12 35 13 ? 4 n no? 4 2 o 093 101 ?9 5 10? 1 .1 1 ^3 1 0 ? 111 4 829 60 iniAL SOUTHWEST E M P L O Y E E S PARKING NOTE: C-12 1 2 = = 7 3 3 169 1 ?9 35 6 6? 15 .39 4 25 0 33 33 15 10 10? 3.5 48 15 I 5 0 0 0 56 2 4 6 2 13 36 15 2 9 4 2 34 2_ 1 6 839 I n the Southwest A r e a Outside the Southwest A r e a �t> F L O Y E E S QULS1 1 U N N A I Kb I L ai-kt- SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC STUDY DRIVERS WORKING I N - Y C I R -B4U-LD.NG- PASSENGER AG ENC I ES BUILDINGS V/ — — 1 3 0 99 J _ . o 1 1 0 J. K ' X. NOTE: . 13 __L_ 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 0 _ . ... . C . c _ - 0 O- -.... 0 0 1 0 0 _ 0 0 1 G G 0 C c o 3 327 137 = = E = c 0 18 c Q . .- - 1 1 0 0 — 0 0 r. r 0 c 1 1 L 0 c c r G C .. ±L 6 ? C Q •a— c 6 C r G fa 12 2> 4 - ~Q 4, c ? 7c 1 a .. Q. . .4 0 - „..o 1 0 G £ 1 2 3 4 c 6 6 24 - 0 0 1 0 0 a ... L Q ----- ... 0 U - 2 •2 1 3 1 4 C 0 .. 2 2 2 C 2 14 V u .3 U — 1 it I, .. 1 17 11 c 1 _„t5 2 2 72. 6 16 . .Q 0 0 _ ,34 14 6 . _ G __ 0 2 2 12 8 0 . 5... . . 'J. -J c u 2 f; c. ... C 0 fe 3 1C C 3. 0 - _. _ 0 _ .2 5 -»* n \. 0 12 T Li 1 A L 4 — — __ 4. 1 J. 0 CAR ... __Q > 061 062 0 63 071 072 073 074 075 0 76 077 078 079 070 081 082 083 084 091 v a. 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL X 3 0 5 v A 2 1 0 0 7 1 1 Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 0 32 033 034 035 C36 037 041 042 051 052 t- THE UUT OP 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 6 9 9 1 -*' 2 G 3 0 C 3 485 i n front of the building w h e r e p a s s e n g e r i s w o r k i n g a t p a r k i n g lot o r garage e l s e w h e r e i n southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a Outside Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a C-13 �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY vkl V£HS - Wi_L&K ING I N YCUi 434UL0-NG AGENCIES — BUILDINGS Oil, 012 013 ... 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 033 0 34 035 0 36 037 044 042 0 51 052 061 062 063071 0 72 a 73 0 74 07 5 076 077 078 —07-9 070 081 0-82 083 084 - 091 092 093 101 102 103 —L44 TOTAL 1 2 2 0 - J 42 C 6 i 0 — 5 -1 6 - C - -4 C 2 -2 7 11 4 75 5 1C -2 0 0 a 1 G -n 4 0 4 3 5 -1 0 G : o 0 1 40 0 4 IX 0 1 C C G 3 0 3 0 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 111 1 2 3 4 • O 2 0 10-6 U 11 6 5 12 3 1 2 2 C 1 0 0 3 322 = = = QUEST IGNNA I E F R O M ..CRK R I N T H L CAR 3 C i 2 4 2 2 0 2 NOTE: C-14 PASSENGER - EMPLOYEES 4 V 0 0 5 0 0— U 0 l_. 0 1 1 G i 0 0 -—4 1 0 2 0 1 2 0 2 CC 0 o 0 C 3— 4 1 0 G 0 17 2 0 2 0 G G 2 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 o 0 0 G C C «. 2 C 4-6* G 18 -14 0 1— O 0 1 G C C 0 C 0 0 0 TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0— C 0 1 0 0 C 40 C 14 3— 13 2 8— 1 C 6 3-9— 19 5 84— P. 16 3 G 0 c — 1 1 IS 0 1 1 C 5 12 8 1 3— 4 C 5— 0 C 349C i n front of the building where passenger i s working at parking lot or garage elsewhere i n Southwest Employment A r e a outside Southwe&t Employment A r e a �SOUTHWEST TRAFFIC STUDY DRIVERS WORKING ELSwHERE PASSENGER AG ENCIES BUILDINGS NOTE: i TCTAL 1 3 1 7 2 4 0 1 4 1 4. 0 1 0 5 0 2 1 1 1 13 .J 6 1 0 rj 2 0 0 3 0 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 3 1 2 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 33 1 1 0 1 1 2 o 0 0 0 1 1 0 G 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 45 = = QUESTIONNAIKES FRUM WORK OUT OF THE C A R -> 1 Oil 0 12 013 014 015 016 021 02? 0 31 032 033 034 035 036 037 041 042 C51 052 061 06? 0 63 071 072 073 C74 075 0 76 077 "078 079 070 0 81 082 0 83 - o 84 091 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL EMPLOYEES IN S O U T H W E S T A R E A 0 1 J G 0 0 6 2 6 1 7 2 0 2 2 6 0 0 I 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 "0" 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 4 8 7 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 0 95 i n front of the building w h e r e p a s s e n g e r ( s ) w o r k a t p a r k i n g lot o r garage C-15 �$ 0 U T H W E S T T R A F F I C STUDY DRIVERS WORKING ELSWHERE " ~ " EMPLOYEES IN SOUTHWEST AREA PASSENGER O'UT " O F " T H E CAR AGENCIES BUILDINGS 1 2 3 Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 041 042 051 052 061 062 063 071 072 073 074 075 0 76 077 078 079 070 081 082 083 084 091 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL 1 5 0 10 0 4 1 0 1 2 3 0 2 0 5 2 0 2 7 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 5 6 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 70 0 3 2 11 3 7 0 0 3 0 o 0 2 1 5 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 NOTE: C-16 1 2 ~_T 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 53 = - QUEST I O N N A T R T S TO WORK TOTAL 1 8 2 23 4 11 1 0 5 2 5 0 6 1 12 3 0 4 9 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0" 5 0 0 0 1 5 11 8 _____ 1 1 fj 2 1 0 0 140 i n front of the building w h e r e p a s s e n g e r ( s ) w o r k at p a r k i n g lot o r garage e l s e w h e r e i n Southwest^ ErripToyment A r e a �SOUTHWEST T R A F F I C STUDY EMPLOYEES D R I V E R S WORKING OUTSIDE SOUTHWEST AREA p AGENCIES BUILDINGS Oil OIZ 6T3 014 015 016 021 022 031 032 033 034" 035 036 037 041 042 051 0 52 061 062 063 071 0 72 073 0 74 075 076 0 77 078 079 070 081 082 0 83 084 091 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL NOTE: A S S E N G E K QUESTIONNAIRES TO WORK ouT OF THE CAR 1 2 3 TOTAL 1 0 0 20 1 7 2 0 3 1 2 0 2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 9, o 7 3 6 8 14 0 0 I 1 0 0 0 n 0 0 0 0 0 8 C o 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 110 1 2 3 0 4 = = 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 15 ~o 22 1 7 2 0 3 2 2 0 4 0 6 9 7 4 9 9 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 _ 3 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 129 i n front of the building w h e r e p a s s e n g e r ( s ) w o r k a t p a r k i n g lot o r garage e l s e w h e r e i n Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a C-17 �S~0UTHWE3T~TRAFFIC STUDY DRIVERS WORKING OUTSIDE PASSENGER AGENCIFS BUILDINGS Oil 012 013 014 015 016 021 022 031 0 32 0 33 0 34 0 35 036 0 37 041 042 051 052 061 062 C6 3 071 0 72 073 0 74 075 076 077 078 079 070 0 81 0 82 0 83 0 84 091 092 093 101 102 103 111 TOTAL NOTE: C-18 SOUTHWEST 1 2 3 2 1 5 2 114 2 15 6 0 12"" 1 6 0 6 1 5 28 11 6 76 5 11 2 0 ~0 63 1 13 6 0 6 5 7 2 5 0 9 15 9 3 11 4 10 1 0 o _ 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 0 5 4 8 0 2 3 1 6 2 0 I 219 1 2 3 0 1 0 11 0 1 0 0 8 20 7 1 2 2 0 2 0 0 3 373 = OUT EMPLOYEES AREA OF THE QUESTIONNAIRES FROM WORK CAR 3 TOTAL 0 0 4 7 0 6 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 6 0 2 1 2 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 n 0 0 41 ' 2 183 4 29 13 0 19 7 16 2 17 1 16 44 22 9 92 9 22 3 0 0 0 1 1 27 0 1 I 1 15 25 15 1 4 5 1 8 2 0 4 633 i n front of the building w h e r e p a s s e n g e r ( s ) w o r k a t p a r k i n g lot o r garage e l s e w h e r e i n Southwest E m p l o y m e n t A r e a �Appendix D Southwest Residents Interview F o r m ��Southwest Residential 1. Location of respondent (either the actual location or grouped area) a. NEofl/i&M c. SWof 4 t h & M b. S E of AVi & M 2. d. NW of 7th & M e. Between 4th H 7th and north of M How many persons in household are employed away from home? 1 3. Interview 2 _ 3 4 5 How does each employed person travel to work? Private Auto (Check at least one for each employed person) Bus Taxi Walk Other (Specify) Alone Carpool • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • YES NO 0 1 SE PG MT 1 4. How many automobiles does your household have? 6. What part of the area does each person work in? 5. Do you have an assigned parking space? CH . • D 2 3 D 4 5 D SW NW • D • • • D • • • NE • • • • • • more. more 2 AR • • • 2 — 1 FF • • • • a • • AL • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �I �A L A N M. V O O R H E E S & A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . staff contributing to the p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s r e p o r t : Robert L . M o r r i s - Vice President Dan W. Hoyt - Senior T r a f f i c E n g i n e e r K e e s Nije - T r a f f i c Engineer �17 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southwest employment area : transportation findings and recommendations Subject The topic of the resource Urban transportation -- Washington (D.C.) Traffic engineering -- Washington (D.C.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alan M. Voorhees & Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1968 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DDOT Historical Reports & Other Documents Subject The topic of the resource Transportation--Research--United States Transportation--Planning Description An account of the resource District Department of Transportation's historical reports and other documents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast-Southwest D.C. Subject The topic of the resource Washington (D.C.)--Transit systems City planning--Washington (D.C.) Interstate 695 Description An account of the resource Historical reports relating to Southeast and Southwest D.C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Neighborhoods Southwest https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/86d8bb6d211f93a777fdc55b27f36477.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=m0Narq509DgW5%7EmXruaGYFU6lXPR2bHgo3CKgeKToRsEWJpFMuPMp-WI4j8DKJjpZDDU7wiUX5f3l647EkXfhLo7UwSsoaXjoz3ecR1624Lxy7Cz35pWGw3tqrcl3Sb2%7Ea5nEMSvQV4GZ0KEgUPF82tgP4EY4beVBlgeGQktc6tA-twKyC4WKkJhcr1o5ianiiEz1M--LlgWC%7Ew9ehV5yQJbLybcjdMr6MNnRwYKn5m6qbMpAfCR4KPZtHj7K1WOQIKfrZCWhvw7dWWXkm87g9YAXN9JPc54O0NXXVK0JKCkG%7ELIAWzraTG5keBNMSKEyO7Y4y8w7Q28DaeuqgXPFg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eee055db6dabe7e89078042ca43829ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 001 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Aerial photography Description An account of the resource Aerial view of the Washington Navy Yard. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/64b693e227db4c2c43a42de15d9df99e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Gd8culMWoLsS-ez0%7ER5X32Gn05CzUp-Fdmm8OMReQMFVBp36u3gl2ctwMzAinVBRgNiDdb2RWd%7EqXfny%7EMQhlWB1tjzqhWlNgbPelucL6uWaD%7ElRFf9AyLBfFbhnybfiYHmt%7E4ObZsd2GzTO3Mj8lnLY2r8ajEyGdL1wSHma8TGmkTDWc1GibKVKT15TOq3V-6tZ0QU0j5Dp8xjsVsvplAzUliX752cnFmlyK3QlARj51H%7EDg%7ERiR7Hk3ZIgrhy5V6YHOSdKLP37fMMFbX4w4smSS4I96P3VjAblg%7EXm5mvpgB05DTxE77cJQERE5GT6kjsviEcivCHGsBx4YGx8nQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e858e94091dd82e3fb19857d1c41649d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 002 Subject The topic of the resource Anacostia River Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the Washington Navy Yard From South across the Anacostia River (Eastern Branch). Note Shiphouses built in the mid-1820s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1834 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustrations Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f902c839a67d2663e590d6c10da8d715.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Ew1gKX642SY81HifcbF6QaebB30KoKLb18fUYmz5ewFrcbftBP3ag9-4OJdYmqaIvrO75NaaAWIGrkrtXPqMWumAlLJhGn%7ES3sBqjR9-M%7E9yn8YxZTa424mojjHQcL3l1LEzHA-acTdytQiGQVNHPb3P35ZRyTHJylPDjPGU7kt9RHaN9%7EfwtN2p82q3d1rkTzf03gwsgxJWs0FniiF2cj5SUZmw7B0CzH6lwPdHGIhMU-AGysCwLpMiumYyardbJ3YQQ56EnMcEy7ZQqcfarPxmddfDmZ2yvT9pEXww4CTonu4ZfzzpL79f-9w4TE-MeURmAz3fBj63MZFR2BI2MA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 09aca2101deaf21cbd533695117164fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 003 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View inside the Washington Navy Yard looking south from the Main Gate toward the Commandant's Office and Industrial Buildings. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustrations Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7ebe74b9179cbb669aef24fd4e824c9c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=kUw%7EV9DCvAZ9hdOfR%7E0sqFVZnshv%7ES9KvocWkiSMf9bDJkBLjf2-3pMpT5PMIL%7EhWhsCf8Io-foP%7E-ZJK8wJYk5Uaf%7EqEyMjS8lhpmt4X1UFM8d53I98ZLZQegA9%7EhYNJQ2QzBbKwxXHB-THqHh-Fk8A2WBZDVKGvT-Ckvme0GtwRIe13Y65w0SnzUSDWDxr8yT3Qo0-bGK52vTtoD-nlG0MRLXX9Fa-3cafILh9KBPryNtHoXutkaqYWDhJK93-gitk7FgxK81eVsseOux2p5VaxDipk8SlppV78kdNs0Gy4CHNPEyzLhrR8Epc-3tdJIrMt83dAhwuohS%7EKO7ulA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a9f90a352a8dc3339df2fdec08bb910b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 004 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Plan of Navy Yard at Washington showing the position and dimensions of the ground plans of all buildings as they were 1st January 1858. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1858 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b547a6f8f5ff0197eb616fff45fcbd3f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=R8gqugtYQDBOLeFhxIIWMjNj1Ew1tk%7E%7ECH3W9QCv7csGPJVvxDNu-drsGstiQ6XR8stQWNHpY-2A7CSpmb8gCdLoq4p57sK7WK8J1xOmBAGf4PPLVx%7Ec7GmuQWQadnSAj97Ra7vA1P8K8Et33Jm9oqQjelLf5vnB6q77S0LNX6hONibOjy6gi13EPPkyrRYzJQ6JF3JDlBzMQd6g8fTf64BGfeOuQmdXOdYjD5nPanHdJF-Qz2d3f-rRCThf6yWL00UNySidwl2d2WvHT95XVTKHQtq9S0dpq%7EawRoSYmHMg3Mz%7E4Y2rq0%7EEsR59GLrjNaUVzRidSaMnJ53q75s3cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6194e14358d42a4f7ac6ebfa355f1009 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 005 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River Description An account of the resource View of the Washington Navy Yard Waterfront from south across the Anacostia River. New Shop Buildings No. 33 and No. 36, built in 1855, are in the center between shiphouses. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustrations Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/37dc9b55daa104cab1a29363ac6bd10e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=TTN0bUSAXuz%7EbIbRVU63BZVmDXV18VqA2x1weJqwg36dIA-O0fg4fLMtOJMjcfirNjdPGa-WmeoUNPxEQcZjRQ4enwt8Y8bz0xOmXTZfYbl-s1t8HcHnt3PNDgp82%7E6ya5ZWarBU5fPEZYxRZ0z0ovxtAeTrAsjmYvwfbjJ-w0Ds42b56xxJWwbvi6aHHeiFbWi9QXejbxdTGJaNP0k-pQOeqRr-pw4hqrKx2pLARVKDUJP-neuocuneXd%7EVXLDqVxcYUUWAZWAb916JQmIkbhzo7xLlNZ3zFOcwcpUaspSYBf0Lv%7ELd93OBrLdV6Ij1IlU4%7EGxXGJt6oXZTFpt-aw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 78abe73e7e55e4e93da5147a8b7c2048 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 006 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the Washington Navy Yard between 6th and 7th Streets from North. Munitions Building in foreground, Ordnance Shop and Laboratory in center, Dahlgren foundry behind and Shiphouse to rear. Photograph by Matthew Brady and Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matthew Brady and Company Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1866 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a2c06019096ec34360b757d3c744bca1.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=sw9p-DD4AE9ETsKH-i2VqhRY0EJUCXuoEGplF7gh3EPSBVgx0geoog8CgeEI%7E2db1jesOerGgC1udYprR0s1230spBSA%7Enmyk0OvmuAwwiAkjUYxq7WqQEwFOOKToghThAG4TVbrbsmIYIaLHVfu7IXXTcmqJWpQMpVqLfzBQudqyHnyJ%7EGpDw2HYswDu7v9d7ZGXRZJODHJhT1Y95uUHoXE9yV0rtDcziLNwBRoDUgMuOP-13chA0naLQ4GbXnkS8lqgkpAU%7E08nuJ8Rh7-dg6iVi%7EOmsBRj-Kc7TAPtu0tjn5vzdGQW2q5A2thz5pxvjC%7E9QeDW4pZQEB6gMjqAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 922fde81fa380b21ac976fd142a74fe6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 007 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Plan of the Navy Yard at Washington, D.C. showing the position and dimensions of all the buildings as they were November 1st, 1872. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1872 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/491d567e2bbcd9e64eeaa33e01b67f07.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nqPnj2yjeyfJHN%7Ez3OQRBcMJLK6ArCafVP19egJdOLzH0ZAbZu%7Ef1BgRmw1J5EqYXYREF0DtVjLP9R-ftJ3US0-z6-cBsW2wTTqrYUeMukCYnUXmvIKxjKmmBJvnRozhKsd1LpUm5nBdLl-nIoGEEcN1RClnPjmUK3bURB2xH%7EOxF2qT%7EB4z7cg09WvSoFI3xmJZVSmPo1HLkLzVS-VR77GTxupUrAlCcwBjIOTx7cr6MUMSGBoIqDVjX6cQgjpaboTUPL6h8QkD1d6fW49Wr8i76i--eJ6KmVtkpEXfe3FVrXEjnqKtvoGblhkR68Zs13nSct8eamBT5tjoj7KcIA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2fe08eee18f84d01d331499a9ec32b4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 008 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Plan of U.S. Navy Yard, Washington, D.C., Yards and Docks Office, July 1, 1898. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1898 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/8fef01d5e27cf0be84bb89559f700b0e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=JZbaVRHNokArR0c63HqGzieTB237EcHHFnWSPm0Puby26Nts7kMvBsU1%7ERqW-3mwsIU6JshGx9muB78rl-9Sxx09TsGHduRGEfopc9VCyWq5P2kAouUmvepGHzzONl1OGyv1rYppUqH2r9F6MQOR1koAWjeSipdtZyiGSyQDLiUJMP44Rg72sHfpFIWtHnfvluA-fiyhysMrfQwojc2ajACNnltVq%7EsfRzrcTPHtPYnvV91HDIjQ4HslzVnXcJ2lJKOG5zaSZcv00qCtWiA0FI8MJHX5A4c6f%7E6-TX4EoTimuUVkiZLd7X3UBBZmKu-yB-3mpB-Ust0BjBsH8sz2Yg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fdb1141ace9e57f94ea073b25489ef33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 009 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River Description An account of the resource View of the Washington Navy Yard Waterfront East of the Commandant's Office from the Anacostia River. Building No. 70, the new Ship Model Basin, is in the center foreground. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/66031f6aef877803611f7dc073668062.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SzYzDaAvoXkdtX%7E5kQMn9B6gDeOetLFUL8VK6JimTVhQwCkL6G0CveEdolLMKIpfbCBF857Obe8dAOxir0Kyh3ajAQcRApS1lluzh7IGVcyeVcQyNOUyWU50fk93KJp-rt1dAPW7PG2s%7Evjz6oBZcVHgCS8Z44YXQfjw0OF7Ed5-tQrzAUCZprkTgvpxMzEkyteQGOQQiNN5X7Y7hdu-0PWuxdQQWEwshg%7E3uyHZDnnRA3Cem5teZ1IwuGzwAabkKmqvXLWSBNz4RDPpMEwfSzhT3Nr2jpXskRP1QP-uf22zc0GHaqSydmL5su0JHrEXj4lWFtZA-lWJ-lLoh89XUg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d74b87e600a99e06365065623eacdd05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 010 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View inside the Washington Navy Yard from Leutze Park looking North toward the Main Gate and Quarters A (Tingey House) to the right. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/cd8b1b1a2bca693474d4121087596a57.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DBlhMqgL%7EuhV%7EgJeL4TVTJSvUCF%7Ej0yamyfDM26gdbIXdiIWr0wzi65mNemSb99LaGAwbt30BMwZY5%7EAgbWGOitC0Os%7EzW4t7UY68DmTgXiuq4Te5ZitZFyIlyx02b5gg39DtEYf1ZUsZ0yEGEUhF-bnVWELCjEQcfmRIR8PjfI69NpHVMuwdGw5sII27cHQ1dtKudPPlv%7Ep1-e59q66I7jg5pcGJZ7AEdPehEMWHPM81LSNbadlBR7Lh9Re26DVJ4giD4qvGX6%7EBYFNUZhtqmD8M1Roq9CKxjWeiUN9Nas4VEaBk47sXTmri2Xa0lKVs4L6ld1rBFF8tS2xnlKZcw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 23e4f9b2daaabd1913a5760cbc2e68e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 011 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River Description An account of the resource View of the Washington Navy Yard Waterfront East of the Commandant's Office from the Anacostia River. Note removal of Shiphouse and construction of Building No. 101 to rear. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/49a07011f08d1a076c96cc3eb595aba4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=t8Fb26-nlCG0T9SL1sRWgHmULzA3CoXvZabj6tgJWvX9-u8beZkhp%7Ew13yXEjvaOFd%7EJDackEl7HRhbzI3nJ8XN8MHMCif3MefeVIVYn9EELPiOml%7E7gcN%7EnUomEcC%7ESg-FIY%7EIUKlOzp5TC%7EhC3Ket-55p34KmRO0IfTn7uETkK0QcSZvg9afrrLn5Uz%7EuHoJzlZFbymL4hVFyp4qbIQY7ZtzxkB4gORmZGZQm8r-vlwwTYUjqrR0YeKTpQtv0h0EMIXO0LlwtibRnVUOUbFMCx8S6NUXvr2RMTro0SM-c9JtYME6bpcwbVyr88F8itYNz6Rx%7E63qxB2CmUQVS%7EbQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 44122e292d7b0fb195512abee42ddc48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 012 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View looking north inside the Washington Navy Yard of gun storage yard West of Building Nos. 105, 112, 104, 73, and 28 Dahlgren Foundry between Isaac Hull Avenue and Building No. 74, Gun and Mount Storehouse. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d3e1cf807b9add0a08ad157dff133dbc.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=m6OwjevCajbHJwA%7EIQ9ldu-udLxEAihBb4jQvxCh0cAxlsPDDKjOU2mU94b0EKopwr2Lw74pbHHUHDlbBbtKkQGx4Leil218MHh8gpf4NjRXhJTcUP%7Em3%7EKz9xHdKnZMqZI2BqOTBr5CFZovSQW9RBaog8lIYmJHmrRJcDVDYpFsgVQ1MgVvqoA6ytiNHCxqKh2bfwl7aAbpPAqV5%7Ew2CaYy20mam6e6WaadH13xrkvsx1NsTq9Qe5s-eZ6hsKJZt%7EMiP2S5DfspiJS2R4q3soLIIipp0FvBBVQPu3-lw1%7E5ipKlLUL6MCLsOfgxKKeTDQ4IKQ8qgExAA4QLjue2Og__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 79f24a7a3d41217536d9ae3fe9ea3906 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 013 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource U.S. Navy Yard. Washington, D.C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1911 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/664d0bb0107775e16ea8d161ded2f9c8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YIMNsxx5dRPqXerNei3KzV8U23S3xMvVwtDZ6WuUHhaK5P7L-nKQjtyxvN48KWRIStPtjfAP%7ETPqqhFXcKlnQ6MkF5kjur3RCBCawROe3ieO4fF9eCtqeuQ8Q2mUTBQezkaghxf7%7Ei1zDFRwc8LK523Cduuuf5cQgVTjHSVUYnmxokox2alZTIjPkYqHAEnnlKm5EsNYVx7YQF%7ENxAw-Qd1y4Qv1Tw95INlNphhutMezvWUVJ%7ETxbziWUgHFYOBPGXJi0uqELXQ%7ExLdHQEkhbFYCT9b3qpq-EKnuDBMmpzHPVqYW9Ybcz%7EFGw6%7Eg2kij6t1gd8d6ON54mWXi5pwRrw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 44822248d7ced4f38892e90bbfafec0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 014 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource U.S. Navy Yard Washington, D.C. showing conditions of Yard on July 1, 1919. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 12, 1919 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/dafa754a36aa4992c2a06b4211d8f3a6.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=mTJz6puxonNc9o589uyydg8-tE1o2YChOn2lbWMRFByZA9wE1wqn7z%7EjIkkf%7EED4EtxvDQ4LsGGwczAyajZrBv2ZlvPirX%7EYqAHY%7E0jkCGjGWb6zgMPN5Tbit%7Ec78tXwCh79DLgaUOQgBbAu4UeVPaySBV3pQdreC40gDpmp4Lklqg5hTmRgRaGetN-Np5LA8zxc49pfwZtqGLsWV2LqbjaqNBFtMVT2OECto2FFaHHuDKQwb5nVJX801F2-npaSDcZY9jzkx8TlaRG-nyN71no6JP9ZihmG8Su2DVAg5kzXcNqJ1XKagU0OP7DdVOHA-S0Yrv3G3yG5UJx40kV-WQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 26b950ba1612b9639e37c92dd6f733d8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 015 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Aerial photography Description An account of the resource Aerial View, east end of the Washington Navy Yard. Building No. 166, Bainbridge Hall, is in right foreground and Building No. 175 in the upper right (Industrial Building), 11th Street and 11th Street Bridge on extreme right. Note Trophy Park south of Commandant's Office in upper left hand corner. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925-1926 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/af138cffe4dca03631ba9cff179bc227.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=O9A3VKUIMUNPeSiLNJrhuz9GMQjwQ2OVcyJ4lBSUZGTSLb38sjMSFzaj4hIooE77HC%7Ec6YVcuOjdK3XI9WLO%7EQ%7EHUoV8IO1JCE8wO%7EkiKpNxZ8Z0x6iZzeM79UljaoTPPuou76FOukSvICHjGG5yQUlufzFLRUIoR%7Eb%7E5hAp4I6723MioM1P1GTJggrUMzN8OGKuCYrnG0liYcOnl%7ETO0XSbnwsO5fl0U4Ewk79SPcs9SOXAnayNgNWE-Z6IX50voEquzA3iAYd9EGSNPthEYG6Ds4gTAa2Vk9RlxVHCmUkpOVcDxIWcdmLOO4dHmNKOo4WGtS8YUhqc%7ExnnAsVgfA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3e520ab42b884e258283bf285cff6fca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 016 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of Waterfront of Washington Navy Yard looking east. Admiral Willard Park in center. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/77344cc647bb7902e6da491f965a57fa.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=tTZaA2b-jC1oUqmvdIm3mWiXwm3ujmqyr7a2yeXqHSmsus9eWAFB2tmShSc-GUnj5jGr6IQ9rfGVYCEdKq07blDjwUs7Zd%7Euv6KKPt3O4P7LDBcEpnFwMpV0wRNknJuLxgjfl8aytlx7Tr37B6n77jB0J38l7QfJexJ3NKWFSknk67MunPcqwlBqcR6VvCw1ewDO81wkUda%7E25bQmKa9gRKfl-lBbq3zopxegps5vhMBIxs5xsj9fO4%7EbHfxTiyKfB9kcXoLL3zNXWCOoFiXBeJKY9wSn0Qd9puqb5ctjwfCmGSF6dCfMCj9j6RM0xq0yeUnNbHzQ4XCP0wR67LzKw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea53de89acc7bdd695fe3642dc20639a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 017 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Washington Navy Yard - Washington, D.C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Crane and Gorwic Associates, Inc. Robert L. Plavnick, planning consultant Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 16, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Plans Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d8ca5d5f86a2bd8bad46d4d0c7a195b4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=hMDHO6yPSWH3SCPLFuA0hJfLeXu9w6bOObwpn8wRIliv2ifcsbFUjPtk62IdGlzSthD7kTLJWAL99g6SA0VwgV2ftfw59D9Z%7E%7ECrphiwm2p%7ERSs9dS-DQ3gw%7EUrrXOa8YaJ3n0R%7EnQIJ2HI89Q1cfeIzJ1XIl%7ENXtE4PlEMua5gXPFfDSz0%7EfQF8wmu8oJ9ZBX%7E4caMSBNDX1AAZfefhIAlJPvh375B9%7ETOaryLV3mYiL0X2jIve3Fyxa9GP4RufDk-xtVKErIlQKK5nWbGQJqkoF0LLfg-HZjGEK0NDApB0Dxk90actB0gWJ3FIpsZOnWiQGg4gLsJ%7E7NBrNDvM0A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 22d810ca0935b3be32280b7314e29e13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 018 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Monuments Description An account of the resource Photograph 11: View of the Tripoli Monument on the grounds of the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland. Photograph 12: View of the Trophy Park South of the Commandant's Office in the Washington Navy Yard. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 1875 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e06b6d80eb7f7339ba94279e9c34ab2d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=McJpzYYa4MjDMGhrpvz687SZTsKny1MsONNjD99sB2OMKYJ97SxZjboqJHHiw3xkIw38mviE%7EB6gATdskBPZ6o3fiLrix195EsFHjVbKpsuHhQMsCSXGG3ZuEWTo4TrOtavCVvIE9g9siiS%7EhPeXppv6T8vq3W9xYinymGLCOrjw9JuQwqEjs8STLIyNUex5Ho%7E4tcbjKMgCfCmUfNATRIAbY5GMuWyUC6TNcKR%7Em4onkhNPmWAKbWpyzx7GZ0k2MdN27OXgLC1M4c1ygCiDu4xMtwtDg7rfNoExDnqAAVZ62YGiQQJXs6dTC4DI0zBAPMPuQmZk6TB51f3xt23xDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f4556aed366548dcbeaf695dc8fc0f5d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 019 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Property Map of Naval Gun Factory, Washington, D.C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States. Department of the Navy. Bureau of Yards & Docks Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1950 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2002e4d152785bbbd259c868955ec9ff.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=jppVvn2IsF7vlVSpUH8UCAA-8CRkUlS85nBHhWWb0xMCU1PaW0gvnYmE3JrrwGE6jCX2i8PA7j3as8EsOiqqnEw37BabN2-uv0-kFhdLGUImR3D-viJjWRHWWbOZlJMsPFKGKF04bPjS0qTAWoFU9aINwVveVdbflT4dWMKbbpTFX8Y3t0Hab9MU6mChjZ%7EtIaDSTyQmb6yVs1Xlqt19WZSDTbvGe34kKpyYxSaBSNG3h0BEtf3sJm9rYUkCv5eWyJeHp5L5X7MB-nrceZ7fV4rUEpvmz%7Ee2ZzLvKagnE-GFo9cN%7EFCje-CVnPlmBewJCSv6BsvIu1O2yxakrVA8TQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3b4cfc67708d6abc9060dc483f4631d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 020 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of the U.S. Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. showing conditions on June 30, 1935 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1935 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/4960600a17aaf24881ff85f3af54ddef.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=WTLFujLnmLuxYf8ZYU2Flcb99CE7E8F1rKS1wCtgXkclHVo-1bT-AY4KBdpY4rAvjaDhynyJ84P6S7tj6ELzgg-ZNXuDYCpz6DMXpSUW9XTz7DzeDrrHpTplKn-eJhxWMjyC90oGnyPDnyGPHVo3ahr33YuRUNPZt0y3IFWoI7FhMzVvI%7EIWi3pwEEtYXF%7ETAbbBvenrfE8IXNLt5-HLyiqTTZkqC4V%7EADDJKpfpB3-Sj0CCYX1scPbsJHgJFABaXflnTG5FOfuzI8zI9gAfdxKzDH9absPNPPfSi%7EY3Xykz2tedVL7cmyQZ7V2FcS7OdyB7nSXy7zUU0VmS-KNxvg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e0d306339bbf90ef0e53bb912e17372 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 021 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of U.S. Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. showing conditions on June 30, 1941. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1941 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/4c28cac2747d8201b857a4e06a19ed14.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ZqOtVXQxHXv2tzMEZbDW6NuqXLsbtoThg5aS%7EsCPymi0GfffNObjeRxj2o68IMtpKyyqBIJuYQGQJVTfUv0mQK5XAR9gHg6sNKj211TWtr1tVY-IbNIUdKwJn14cs5sYpEKhDcKNz%7ET4HUh71o0F%7EkkjG-vHS2gNBQ319dsGYNgUrm9%7Eq27HcTRPI6xXqfV-6Tg9c-ByJzzAwRH2uVXoJZincZGXT-Kr-%7EZJEPuove%7EmlaYnrdv2UsVutWN6Cvap2VPfT1K6OlBdHESJK4exf2RI9DANdnhH5MNREC5wi7SiJn73YzCwpOOq9VrKjw1Rzv8257IVFy7Bh1Dnt%7E-caA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 271f66ff5ebe4b1adfb843d4ee6e79a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 022 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of the U.S. Naval Gun Factory, Washington D.C. showing conditions on June 30, 1947. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ff251ef65e52d01ff14c9974c709d141.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YArI39b%7EY3og4LBvV-DtkD%7EFxevcLIqXn%7E9t%7EkQdDfG5Xg7kGWpXnDBtI%7EynCuviGXxUsZH64NBYO6RgLoMlrhE3GBMsU279qUeXTyLCyNirOsUw69JPID7DhuB34QhtTmmzJVEOW-34YcFcgIEKJfeAQCBYxXUqVKwvr8dRV2o%7EQ7JEgbI4E4mCOrtcz3eAVwmq3EN8AtM-OuTpUMeTm%7ERWakUO8c24AEhVTc80fMvakykbebqfQqBo9HXpftvm0EA-OMz%7EMPMZgS-awjJuIBS0KGdwJhClrCtVHyvWFK7nHZrNb0JRF3DXiw4hWZr%7ElCyrBqck8qW%7EaksgqFDt1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6712e322c6a4677d62823b08707b9ed9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 023 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of the Washington Navy Yard Annex, U.S. Naval Station showing conditions as of 1 July 1964. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Facsimiles Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5904" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 1 - historic development</a> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0cd68afc5a5a3d0e487915a8f19e4ecb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=na6L6zUq2kx2BOi-dE-VjVJAzKqOhXRzGT0aAPAgb0vI8LT6PR8GPQV2IYZMsnBDgUnGssZ2iDJNkH%7ES6fvW2re84HnbarSjaU3M0oa1ElKmvjFrUKHe9hcIFWnqVCmnEm5Wnub1LDrm4CLna09V%7EznjXanBD-XwI%7ESDDQ6xhadXaUOyOS8zueLEKWKbG37-TPxq1hG-l5lynNoBNfE-kwlDzqSu2kWH4PCEo-tywCs3dyD8xpUCiSH2FemqMezPC2EvIrKld5mq3sZpy9RdAVa05DCMCmIxrGcJWd9UNTxGSa1rBASOUZlLEy13ytvUHY9cZbGdk96A4BfL4e0LqQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 30a8b3a36f19309fdd8e1ce947b201ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 024 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Description An account of the resource Map of Navy Yard showing relationship to Metro Center. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c6493350eca65f505bc5e44f540e3931.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bp9MCPLWqdiM%7EE1sAiMFYNz3toJfF71qNmxzgVkKWRv9JTANmXxMQTBW4-tptVclpyvPKGGvAFtbEV87QIS0vxa1mljF6CYocFlf7vO2wNzwbQD18Z4hQWucwFPimN2c-nhscUi7GFgszxE%7Ebcb51yEot9dLt2BKCXWDDXYiRByBwCciTzhbIiHddeGDcKDj7Tbu%7E1diKiRkV8Q%7E6lGKGhFMiXP8mVhRd6WyAMhLpmOuVp3MFnci4IaoUuMOtEsXhcTiJ1aLOq%7EZrxxw7Orm8OyJQrdrJkAXmvgg65lbG6a7Jd2e1QQEMhKLe4VJ63FviuyBwi1U1jAmcEa1Y%7EG4yQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a3e79965ea268eeeafaad8fced81507f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 025 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of the Navy Yard and its environment. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/93d4ae59248b70bf5fb7322d8fc46248.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=j5KA2PCaVfIIQQxgk2iRqKsdrhJCm6fuvv-7OR8ewpQlskuYCHv%7ENXj5DC9T04LOyNCzf1fLvGjuBqdcG1loc2yqyD-i83XcQdN0BV5dHZkj1uA6oaooJjD-OQmlo65iPXg62WgO1FMLHzfBmqtEt8zsU4%7E4gnl6RWVbCwZNpwnKpfhTFfKeQ-kZCMVU0BOTBrzaBbxn5ZQ4AF%7EGb4XxXRv9Y67fJiXqD0QsVICvLBgp8cBOyXu1g74nyFdOg4YpEI52MniazCi%7E2pOKwFhyfgf4t7WRRr7CQBywDOwv-MSdQeNfJPKJ655Yej2rKsuPrEhUByGGtgaOA5Nh0gsgjw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3c43966cef9c69b8f0f6950752fc25c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 026 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Topography and flood plain map of the Navy Yard neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/628491b81364618418a9f1b1e4199254.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=To-OpDlI9eDejRQT5l9K5B9dedx3eWE4dVx3%7E7dR3DSM9sXW94p%7EHAhOh09ezb6wbYxDWKeQ967-0PMHDYAWVRXu5-ajwrztp8uQTk8nxnIBBOb%7EzyTDATwBrmAL-bHREUIpkoXZZ37G0cTmsg5gPaRpdrCQ0uxoF373T0K0QqAreOpvpSmXrBTJ1ox4eTz9pAIQ9DvBydEqJ-JtCQjbAe9VNC1pe2lAr7ygHU3R9Nt4Th%7EzAyS9RKachxVNX81Saznq1Dm9CZsYDZwaZw3Od%7EU6N59EAHDTV77dQALNlUjpWA-RvWOIH6JHW%7El2oXRtXHW1BnxjB8STt1bCphNBSg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 692eb787ac2fb2bf48c1dcc1d0946cbd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 027 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Floods Description An account of the resource Flood Record. View Looking South on Patterson Avenue from Warrington Avenue. Building #104 in right foreground. Taken at 8:00 a.m., October 17, 1942. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 17, 1942 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0eaaa60fd7d4d24535b35f9968931343.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=JYid0Kko89raSa3uRkQqMhc56WQ0E9T82R5KBLIUaV%7ESHtCOySig0iaJD6YiVYqTDQYPtYLdHGR5XaKqG%7E8qTGaGJNnkbKvRrCI-rw%7EWHSp0UQHR1d-o%7EQopj1yTjgfkA6TTD7c9UhCm0Fcqu-m7mYFgI0KlQWmc4J6lHL2jZVuK36ND76k4r3pgzsPEuZi3n3J7CiQAHMpFz-lTYT-nSonbh7v3V7-tFkUZFqR-x0QjwH1b5LfIPt92dtZcyDJEZ84fWQG7lO2RLlG-82ZKZA9Y%7EOnedZj1UqFrBI5lEc-p%7EdiW%7EdCmik4PnVwiB2suGI1yJm7B55QTNQ8RFMg4ZA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ba9480e442c583369e94efe3311d4138 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 028 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Urban development Land use Land use mapping Description An account of the resource Land use diagram of Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0a9db4662ff3043e8fb70e8b1cafee2f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=XZxXjAavUiCiI0%7ECPlHTjvXV8SN63nCMDbZ1Pe0sLLrG%7E5n%7EMO-QMlcVqtSsgLiJzHNcyI5W2rRpUbdASI6REGoAlzBiI2AYX-Px%7ElQN0ivKSTIbwJp4Xy5xCIggq7nFLy0oA543TJcf2DCiaMxICz1mnTch-No%7ExTpMFc6M7agfKh7rrl7hhs0hUgJp8U9eWhDB6IS1XgCWqejJRvep0bZuBaIEEgpujeHgGUa8qBOFRnOOpR4fOthND5P4iq-3ENYEEHthDGVTNdb60qvQP91XE9p2b2p2ffBNfhZOjkELXlH9y8En5kvRXaPfU9hqyomJuNVuz3ViNQH9VvRLIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 405d06a1108854e7d914f6a9eccb8d71 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 029 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Urban development Land use mapping Description An account of the resource Predominant building use in Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5e2d464957c1cdeee1de2648fcf41cfc.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VebMV6Hqa6M9et%7E-R9UJkUedFz3nDkFGIZ3Ev3nskpO6D4183GncVzIvdmlbP8hjNYp1XgUFWWkDpz0sSfckIodov5T3RYUaysg2XNqndog7qvcnxxWZvSrNwByzdxBICERdW4iQIx%7E76tPORj6nGIOrhbgf%7E8kK83GX7p1PhmiBdl5YrPtkjhcjj7yzbv7A67ifG5HAa%7EHXbCe5Hin8%7E9m-%7EMhjyPflBqa0H5yb6x0ddUDp2ED9g7dFkjw0uOw-d0IT8gLzh3RNrnM8GifvFbeuRp7rbf5TUs1k3ZVbc5oukhmMqo1JlCnoRSOpkbhB-b2DGS7mvPAE5zJ-Xl2qnA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 92eaa1086c615522bfccd5ab34d4b56a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 030 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Maps of operational and training; maintenance and production; research, development, and testing, and supply facilities in Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/38ae6b9ac6e4ab4b8009d0b9345e61db.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=h8Gq1bfGBX1J6XTvrd8fjKqSVQ282FlMrnXKWL9YcVcEFhPruoX3uLRUb5UWOwBEBXf0jn1EvKA9PytbLKDNgc%7ECtf41W3IznAZkT%7EDY%7EHVIwf7s9sgr4SUZP-80LkdrY4d7Z8n3vExMTT-paq7hDB0QQeH16ANiV8rWR92zn23x9ml2pupJho%7E0XJ%7EE9qqKTUA-pb9xjnuGIUIBrqaqADODPGAgjxifANPEMLkrDqSumBIXDAaNJFixcWa4swcHg8VPbQTdbBiLbxwhFG5-7sETxDN2Nl0lhGl3E-6IDbCsdaQjhQKko%7EMq5ucFm5hUOjyGgvcmhyu1bh5EsOeSPg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f5f638c8a9a86e9a269f70a0ac2913e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 031 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Maps of hospital and medical; administrative; housing and community, and utilities and ground improvements facilities in Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b95c0d16a984881112f5755cd025d694.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=E0aO-iAPjNmdsJPHVC4FPvGobFwJV0PYcg4-DOI83P3Vshr6iOdu9Xage6gulqtDCM7j0-7LW63cBw1YyjuuIkcDU4DejgzjPewG3ETHLJQxHCD4OUcuRzrXwJByDZUd3UuCDzb9FHy1w-poLhcJsyQL0V0XLdrsAPFx1hlgAFmqUDWKqPVCLbJMak-mkdL6vAqqUU3MRf3-I8uS33n5oVXabd2z3MMRLUguQvuMnXUWyHUYMee3U9HVoOQ7Gez4gHgx3sJUPE56ayXaGxtpep4%7E9nBFHRosh0QkzhhdenVo6iglHrwv1GbQakXhJ2t-5mHHxg7Kj%7ERkIVW-ogHJlQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 884ddd3f6b4266028ff6f376f730b193 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 032 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Traffic flow--District of Columbia--Maps Description An account of the resource Map showing vehicular circulation in Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/cc65921072a16fddd3085a06a435bf91.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=BXPrJLr2Tg0%7ExZtJlgVt8Vt13ejqsiJ-JgWP2nHoCka7SDzBWUDzn0yJhBkhI%7EkCEClklKhCZ9j49TCg2sha3Q9mjBcCyxC%7EBlC3MeN6JKPqg7UAmLiOs6ImKcot09iMeQ5XmE8iUoCwjzue2ctPBDrzNeRchUb3bJ2bm08daTBNcEFi%7EQrxBE%7EhdvbkKKUr1Nj3N8Kj4Sm-zJSVXdOIuKEcBg1h0wtsf1pCsp3mFN0WskuyRTaSm5LDMsyRuL-goWsdqwvHnItKQIXjM9BuCxPZ83c8OqKnE7z1uzD8cdTCV8m2TazfBQfpsXy95lgDJ0ArwnqBi4YP%7E5Egg6grrA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f97ba164709252529da14082a1dde609 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 033 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Parking Parking facilities Parking lots Description An account of the resource Map showing parking in Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/92dd4b6256ec8cc8654a12814286be7b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=o9W-OTuhQxST8OePEM17dBpIcwEn692oeyxjCFORUex0idY9XhfxvwEJCxwOJTQ259Qea%7EPrUGPuJdrxz7PJZlivdpFxMIpifQAyaOT3-8R8%7EBnkvvEUygLjeozvBloilOOvkgRvb-RiMnIMYdU%7EgZGes%7EoShW8sLxhXrbCRRbGa0oINyXTqHQqpos0rzPv3vCeLyqx7vDrq9UasjFqkgGCMWrLlFkdvu5gi%7EJk6WPnBsd3ZQ02DlHnHiVDGv2nsfTlWlug1ialBFFAIH6CLnQ97LeQPfcSuSQqEfHXSVy5WdtTzqD3GEK-WWpVsT1s6qtoco6AhAAVn4CtcYX3KcA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6c62e775ba7173610084869bd79a4954 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 034 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource A functional evaluation map of Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/073131c398a7cb6661172cf5073503c3.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=vvly9tfEGQ2BCOaHOrvp3o5qeI5tFuccXRD043foDFA1ag0eUnVGPSc7kN-9JWuODTiyRClo4HBEck1m7k6sgLMGieFqyjKmHJ5v-oo1sDS36o98ikmoc3sjtXe0%7EsoQmyjmqQELZ82NTz-h74Zk71223gh4asa6LSFtTmDeWAN4iiVnSP3v2vftacfkY4OJij3PJN7-cg53cXUw95s4T8zR0%7ECKBXQrK6Y9VEShUflRdik4E2VMxGLc0TMiXdFp4pCbhLwTQW7zYEjVZ0WV2sABj6ck8JT8clWYRwO4kgYVy-f-6GdGpMLTgDwra6r%7EByVzylY0DToY9H3YakKVGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f5d26fd4a4ac68e5a5a41f9a952b0603 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 035 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Above Left Functionally Adequate: Building #58, Marine Barracks Above Right Functionally Obsolete: Building #21, Cafeteria No. 1 Lower Left Bulk Obsolescence: Building #143 (South Section) Storage Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d7e0e3d1242e066996d2a637a8596b01.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=lQgc1flJ0l5IXmIGRpA%7EiNzfG4tmPdzp5A8%7EJy2CfUYV-4oomksIDgqBpHqG6RrnIJyb0OlZgImU4wdOWvtyOwxUxiGTEN%7E%7EGA6WRsAwjW4GFUhx2PBcyj9ITUyFOWPLB97geVPTdP4uIIPxYuaWGlFZT29WusZVmbEE7TO%7Ekk0oTzjlaiBcx-TFj6vHVXdBvQ%7EmR8EHJnV0vgfDPCg%7Eq95IjhCckk79x6oodNfGr0ZsBygK9HSNUDxQ39SyI5%7ErueeNl9lozVnoShxbaxdfynxejjkiKnCb%7EsdFe6u-lkzuIaa4MqaaBttEYNNsFoO4MQJHn9FqSqDHkIGzLMo-2w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0518b840e6849145c9def89c72b0985e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 036 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Map of buildings under study, planning, and conversion in the Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. in the mid-1960s. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6c601357457c8d42d50eee61460b2d5a.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Mak5YGjiVEKsI8wWdciR0WF0kx-R0Wlk681DYlPbuMgWDKgPNSyGMZZH9B0xxFB9Elz6P1ThACRVM5RLw7sNKNwesmD6nK26%7E2g2XhFBZi3o-rOczx3mUJTKPrvgMzkb4cClBcoLXtCKKRoVOvymDh3eq2-1o2Kf80QA4-oUoW9JBghSKWfpbIsuVuV6%7EYU08Cz2o1KCSEIVjFsXarbQfi1iZtDF%7EFNN1Q5-HWOi8vJ9S0Y7V8iR2yurKMR6HipvnoPc1mBZCJVKCfQB20BR7CHAjbr3dPQNBcOcMz87ZMITYRWzdqBWxsqKBOXCs638hMaut7qWoIS0%7EbIb7Y9dCQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1306c0f12b52c52cdbd2b5fd223df14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 037 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Historic buildings Description An account of the resource Map show the classification of historic buildings, Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5782da9ef24aa2e1d92d1f0620f06a10.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nbpRiU-7pvlVlGUpNvz50zZIIC4WhVr%7Eo7ZfZiGQf8ghOMZiF5TnJGxRPYjGBfaFmPwz%7EkQ9lJpGy1Jg0mLBPKwD-gV9n61idiVM8hePUpVYoqyS5mFL-4QHgyg499PJ8gIi83Ka9vB2qVcvB4%7Ei-meR7hROD7lTORP0MI1QCFQHAXkRQBXT6vqsyD-gHKtALPhq4u8SpSh4O-r5PBh5qtF9YENoTX20ftg0go1yFi-ibP6r3DypPE-YhcchJvSHOthP0QyBYb6iWP95lfkIOBw-VNbgx8eYRmluMA0pGtDh5wjvhTDzY-XqpbPCOfqmsQZNBMnxynepPriIseBYRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fbab52489546c360212329845b719c69 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 038 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Population Description An account of the resource Map showing population of Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. mid-1960s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/01dc8fd56ad034fb694c5716327ac7a4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=E20o5wliTdF27DqCIX1AsW7NMI9tDofkxzFOCVkHTG%7EO8NFxcqqRTa9vTPul-3vXOQMiAPQ5mNsYM4rkyrkjhq1mEiefQOy5wIXCW4mDWrwDetTXO82NcCQds9rACD2FfRLal3wGKMNeieIEvjbuHmW-tVWJ%7EqitiWNQTFS3dy8pMdtryPaXOt32wGGJ4E5-ud82RF4uojNUMCWf-eD-JSlv%7EsO0ZI26cw8wIKQZEWXcfigjbeLirDMcjzXYorkI7a508Uo%7Ecr3tG9egThWIigP%7EAVnQmPdUsj5%7EF3wW5iCA5y6XPfxwcgNsW2eHN-hVnSh02ZSPyiEbs4a4VCq7EQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 612cc08c43b730ab189d248fd6e0ac6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard 039 Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Evaluation Description An account of the resource Evaluation diagram of Navy Yard, Washington, D.C. mid-1960s. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/5944" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Development plan - Washington Navy Yard, US Naval Station. Technical report 2 - survey and analysis</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 20, 1965 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Navy Yard Subject The topic of the resource Navy Yard (Washington, D.C.) Neighborhoods Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Some of the images contained within this section were taken from reports, which can be found <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/items/show/294" target="_blank" title="Navy Yard reports" rel="noreferrer noopener">here</a>. Navy Yard Neighborhoods https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ec106fa83d9dd0d6d3c87f45fcae50bc.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Vr5ex6oE9cQXigm38Mt5KS3EuCrZYWK9gWpeWWfLF7lFrXTqIDRAAeB4H66jM%7El%7ERpTCEyBW8WTi48ltV6eRE3B%7EvFuw0kYf0rQyTs7kz1cI4hCBdYfwCS2cnM2KFJzSkSxHOt0bxHYy9ScwkVQfPoa9kxnV9mCfPuJ72dETDCvH-Ghmmop2i1%7E0on-tFtawafqJ5YrqP6YxX6Q3owx8wSCKpGvcNeg2CWg0riiHMDMijyLLUBI1hqnnXQ8rIPIgsov5KXa8Fa5JS%7EppTH3%7EmtsknGmUqNxxByd3sdCpXru3VmiE-nBaDSrWk-L-UURUyZXSN%7EGeCB27iIDe6ZMgLA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 16944c123be75b87009f26d56d9218da PDF Text Text ANACOSTIA FREEWAY CORRIDOR ENHANCEMENT STUDY Prepared for: District of Columbia Department of Transportation Prepared by: EDAWinc. Alexandria, Virginia �ANACOSTIA FREEWAY CORRIDOR ENHANCEMENT STUDY ANACOSTIA FREEWAY CORRIDOR ENHANCEMENT STUDY Prepared for: District of Columbia Department of Transportation Prepared by: EDAWinc. Alexandria, Virginia ��TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION A. Purpose of Study B. Goals C. Location/History II. 1-3 1-4 1-4 METHODOLOGY A. Analysis Procedure , B. Identification of Zones C. Identification of Existing Character: Opportunities and Constraints 1. Zone I: Kenilworth Avenue 2. Zone II: Anacostia Freeway 3. Zone III: Interstate 295 D. Summary of Existing Character E. Definition of Freeway and Parkway Character F. Design Principles III. Pages 11-1 II-2 N-3 II-3 II-5 II-7 II-9 II-9 11-10 GATEWAY IMAGE A. Recommendations IH-1 1. Plant Material Recommendations 111-1 2. Freeway Structures Recommendations III-7 3. Maintenance Recommendations 111-12 B. Conceptual Design Recommendations for Prototypical Conditions. . . .111-13 1. Condition A: Arrival/Entry 111-15 2. Condition B: Waterfront Park 111-19 3. Condition C: Natural Woodland 111-21 4. Condition D: Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses III-23 5. Condition E: Views/Vistas III-25 6. Condition F: Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments III-27 7. Condition G: Medians MI-29 8. Condition H: Urban Street 111-31 C. Design Treatments for Anacostia Freeway Corridor III-35 1. Zone I: Kenilworth Avenue III-35 2. Zone II: Anacostia Freeway 111-61 3. Zone III: Interstate 295 III-75 �TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd.) IV. COST ESTIMATE A. Summary 1. Zone I: Kenilworth Avenue 2. Zone II: Anacostia Freeway 3. Zone III: Interstate 295 IV-1 IV-2 IV-3 IV-4 APPENDIX A - BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX B-AGENCIES C O N T A C T E D A-1 A-2 �LIST OF FIGURES Figure Number Figure Name Page Number 1-1 111-1 III-2 III-3 III-4 III-5 III-6 III-7 III-8 III-9 111-10 111-11 111-12 111-13 111-14 111-15 111-16 111-17 111-18 111-19 III-20 111-21 III-22 III-23 III-24 III-25 III-26 IH-27 III-28 III-29 III-30 111-31 Anacostia Freeway Corridor Plant Matrix Summary Freeway Structures: Lighting Freeway Structures: Signage Freeway Structures: Fencing/Railing Freeway Structures: Fencing/Railing Condition A: Arrival/Entry Condition B: Waterfront Park Zone I: Kenilworth Avenue Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #1 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #2 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #3 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #4 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #5 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #6 Kenilworth Avenue, Southbound #7 Kenilworth Avenue, Northbound #8 Kenilworth Avenue, Northbound #9 Kenilworth Avenue, Northbound #10 Zone II: Anacostia Freeway Anacostia Freeway, Southbound #11 Anacostia Freeway, Northbound #12 Anacostia Freeway, Northbound #13 Anacostia Freeway, Northbound #14 Anacostia Freeway, Northbound #15 Zone III: Interstate 295 Interstate 295, Southbound #16 Interstate 295, Southbound #17 Interstate 295, Southbound #18 Interstate 295, Northbound #19 Interstate 295, Northbound #20 Interstate 295, Northbound #21 I-2 III-6 III-8 III-9 111-10 111-11 111-14 111-18 III-34 III-36 III-38 III-40 III-42 III-44 III-46 III-50 III-52 III-54 III-56 III-60 III-62 III-64 III-66 III-68 III-70 III-74 III-76 III-78 III-80 III-82 III-84 III-86 iii �iv �I. INTRODUCTION ���I. INTRODUCTION A. PURPOSE OF STUDY The Anacostia Freeway is a neglected and poorly maintained entrance to Washington, D.C. This 10-mile commuter freeway on the eastern banks of the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers has the potential to become a significant and important gateway to the city, anticipating, reflecting and continuing the park-like quality of Washington within its corridor. The purpose of this study is to present design treatments which will guide redevelopment and maintenance of the freeway towards a new image of an enhanced gateway. Many of the entrances into Washington w e r e created to enhance the beauty of Washington and to set the stage for visitors to the Nation's Capital. Careful planning and design since the L'Enfant Plan in 1790, the McMillan Commission in 1901-1902, and the 1924 establishment of the National Capital Planning Commission have created a unique open space and parkway system in the metropolitan area. The George Washington Memorial Parkway and Rock Creek Parkway w e r e designed as scenic roads linking important historic and recreational sites. George Washington Parkway links Memorial Bridge and Mount Vernon on the Virginia side of the Potomac River. It also acts as a major gateway from the west and south. Rock Creek Parkway links Rock Creek Park, the National Zoo and Potomac Park. The Suitland and Baltimore-Washington Parkways were designed as scenic parkways connecting military establishments with the Capital. The John Hanson Highway was designed as a commuter highway between Washington and Annapolis with a parkway like setting. Along with the Baltimore-Washington Parkway, the Anacostia Freeway is the logical entrance to Washington from the east. Of all the approaches to the city, however, the Anacostia Freeway is the least attractive and inviting. As an improved gateway Anacostia Freeway would dramatize the sense of arrival by revealing and unfolding Washington's skyline through a series of dramatic vistas within a unified environment. The character of such an environment, green, varied, and richly contrasting, can be found in the four other Metropolitan parkways—the George Washington M e m o r i a l , Rock Creek, Baltimore-Washington and Suitland Parkways—and in the John Hanson Highway mentioned above. These existing roadway facilities represent a high level of effort and imagination with their sensitive integration into the landscape, their careful weaving through the city and suburbs, and their variety of views and rich landscaped character. They are models for the future character and quality of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor. I-3 �These five parkways and highways create gateways into Washington not only by their location and relationship to the city but also by their sense of importance, their wellmaintained, well-conceived image and their landscape character. The parkways' landscape character is integral to their intended use and differs dramatically from the freeways and their environments. This study's primary design intention is to incorporate relevant parkway characteristics into the Anacostia Freeway Corridor. Today, the Anacostia Freeway Corridor consists of three different roadway facilities, the Kenilworth Avenue segment, the Anacostia Freeway and Interstate 295. O n e of the special opportunities of this project is to develop a unified image of the Corridor using consistent treatments of elements to link the three roadways (called the Anacostia Freeway Corridor throughout this report). How can the Anacostia Freeway become a green gateway to the city and incorporate parkway qualities? It is the intent of this study and a challenge for the Nation's Capital to incorporate into the freeway environment, without compromising safety standards, some of the same design principles that guided these sensitive and rich parkway environments. B. GOALS The four major goals of this study are: • To identify and recognize the Anacostia Freeway Corridor as a major gateway and entrance to the Capital City. • To identify and develop conceptual design treatments emphasizing a unified gateway image throughout the Corridor, with a parkway like landscape character where appropriate. • To facilitate planning policies and funding programs directed towards implementation of a comprehensive design plan for the Anacostia Freeway. • To serve as a model approach for other neglected Metropolitan Washington highway facilities which can become gateways to the Nation's Capital and are in need of a visual enhancement program. The U.S. Department of Transportation has authorized the preparation of this visual enhancement study for the Anacostia Freeway. C. LOCATION/HISTORY The Anacostia Freeway is located east of the U.S. Capitol in the District of Columbia. The northern section of the Freeway parallels the Anacostia River; the southern section parallels the Potomac River. The study area extends from the District of Columbia 1-4 �boundary near the W o o d r o w Wilson Bridge to the District of Columbia boundary near the Baltimore-Washington Parkway on the north. Along this north-south drive a dramatic panorama of the Capital City is revealed. Views of Old T o w n Alexandria, the Washington Monument, the Old Post Office Tower, the Capitol building, the Library of Congress and RFK Stadium are juxtaposed one against another as the Freeway parallels the river. The corridor is a major local, metropolitan and regional artery directing traffic across the Anacostia River directly into the Capitol City (see Anacostia Freeway Corridor Map). While the freeway serves District residents on both sides of the Anacostia River, the majority of the traffic consists of suburban commuters. The major local commuter roads feeding into the corridor are Central Avenue, Pennsylvania Avenue, Branch Avenue and Interstate 95. The principal regional traffic using the Corridor as an entrance into the City is from Annapolis via the John Hanson Highway and from Baltimore via the BaltimoreWashington Parkway. Regional traffic connects with the Anacostia Freeway Corridor from 1-95 north, by feeding into Kenilworth Avenue, and from 1-95 south, by feeding into 1-295. The freeway corridor extends 10.7 miles. Its three contiguous road facilities were designed and built separately. From north to south these are Kenilworth Avenue (2.5 miles), the Anacostia Freeway (3.74 miles), and Interstate 295 (4.46 miles). Kenilworth Avenue, the first of the facilities to be built, was constructed in the mid 1950s under ASHTA* regulations and design standards. The Kenilworth Avenue segment under study extends from Eastern Avenue to Benning Road. During the early 1960s construction began on the Anacostia Freeway and the 11th Street Bridges to extend the Corridor across the Anacostia River and to connect with I-395. Unlike Kenilworth Avenue, the Anacostia Freeway was designed and built under the recent Federal Interstate Highway regulations. The freeway segment under study extends from the Benning Road Bridge to the Suitland Parkway. Interstate 295 was the last facility to be built and was constructed in the late 1960s. Like the Anacostia Freeway, it was designed under the Federal Interstate Highway regulations. This last 4-mile segment was designed to allow a continuous flow of traffic from I-95 south to I-395. The I-295 segment under study extends from the Suitland Parkway to the District of Columbia-Maryland/Prince Georges County boundary. *American State Highway and Transportation Agency I-5 �1-6 �III. GATEWAY IMAGE ��II. METHODOLOGY The words "image and character of a road" usually imply a positive value. Yet the elements which compose a scenic environment, or positive character, in the five model roadways—George Washington, Baltimore-Washington, John Hanson Highway, Rock Creek, Suitland—do not exist in the Anacostia Freeway due to different design standards for freeways. This study proposes that the freeway, like the parkway, can and should become a positive environment. For this to occur, one must first identify the positive and negative characteristics, or the opportunities and constraints for improvement, of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor which affect its potential scenic character. The specific differences between the two road types also need to be defined. Those parkway characteristics not found in a freeway must then be assessed for their relevance and appropriateness. Appropriate characteristics should be translated into design principles and guidelines for the visual enhancement of the freeway. A. ANALYSIS PROCEDURE The freeway environment is principally experienced from the car. The analysis procedure was initiated by a photographic site survey from the driver's perspective conducted along the entire 10.7 mile length of the Freeway Corridor. The photographic survey identified: • Zones within the 10-mile corridor. A zone includes the physical design of the road right-of-way, often referred to as r.o.w.; it includes the dimensions of the road, median, shoulders, exit/entry ramps and road width and • Character of the road right-of-way. Character is made up of — visual quality of the landscape (within and beyond r.o.w.) — adjacent land uses which affect the landscape character — views (within and beyond the r.o.w.) — freeway structures (lighting, signage, fencing, railing). The study area of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor includes the right-of-ways on the northbound and southbound lanes (the shoulders and recovery zones), the roadway lanes, the median, and the exit/entry ramps. 11-1 �B. IDENTIFICATION OF ZONES From the photographic survey three zones within the Freeway Corridor were identified which correspond directly to the three facilities identified earlier: 1. Zone I - Kenilworth Avenue 2. Zone II - Anacostia Freeway 3. Zone III - Interstate 295 The analysis and recommendations for the freeway corridor are organized according to these zones. The analysis of each zone's opportunities and constraints is presented sequentially in the order mentioned above (physical design of road r.o.w., character of r.o.w., landscape character, adjacent land uses, views and freeway structures). As the design of each of these three facilities is distinctly different, the character of these facilities, or zones, is distinctly different. II-2 �C. IDENTIFICATION OF EXISTING CHARACTER: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 1. Existing Character Zone I: Kenilworth Avenue Kenilworth Avenue, extending two and one half miles, is a narrow urban corridor with an average right-of-way of 100 feet. It has two lanes in both directions, no shoulders and no center lane median space. The facility cuts through commercial and residential communities, is poorly maintained and lacks a consistent landscape character. Major existing conditions include objectionable views, poorly maintained freeway structures (fencing, lighting), and confusing signage and exit/entries. Opportunities to build on are the existing mature trees and the stone-faced bridges and pedestrian ramp abutments. EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES Landscape Character: — existing mature specimen trees — bridges and pedestrian ramp abutments faced with cut stone Signage: — consistent use of Federal Interstate signage—of standard location and appearance EXISTING CONSTRAINTS Physical Road Design: — frequent interchanges and entry/exit conditions — no center lane median space (roadway divided by New Jersey barrier topped with chain link fence) — frequent grade changes resulting in below grade tunnel conditions Landscape Character: — no strong positive landscape image (lack of consistent plant types or species, lack of massed plant materials, unmaintained appearance) — no entry/arrival freeway identification using plants or landforms Adjacent Land Use: — adjacent commercial facilities (gas station, car wash, junk yard) and residential communities (garden apartment, single family residence) highly visible from freeway II-3 �Views: — objectionable views lack screening — lack of careful directing of driver's views from freeway Freeway Structures/ Lighting: no standard lighting location overscaled light fixtures unpainted metal light fixtures Signage: inconsistent standard for sign location (signs hung on pedestrian bridges or adjacent to road) excessive signage in narrow constricted area Fencing/Railing: poorly maintained, rusted fencing, consistent treatment missing, chain link fencing used for property r.o.w., pedestrian bridges and above New Jersey barriers as safety precaution Maintenance: poorly maintained physical conditions (broken curbs, fencing/railing and lighting), overgrown vegetation. 11-4 �2. Existing Character Zone II: Anacostia Freeway The Anacostia Freeway extends approximately three and one half miles. It is an example of the freeways built in the 1960s with its broad austere geometry, overscaled lighting and signage and inadequate landscape planting. It has three lanes in each direction, shoulders plus a recovery zone and an unlandscaped median. Its broad open spaces permit views of Anacostia Park, the major positive feature of this zone. EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES Adjacent Land Uses/ Views: — the Anacostia River and Park are highly visible and create scenic views and focal points the length of this segment of the corridor (3.74 miles) Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments: — ramp conditions offer landscaping opportunities — bridges and pedestrian ramp abutments are faced with cut stone EXISTING CONSTRAINTS Physical Road Design: — limited right-of-way — unlandscaped median — closely spaced exits causing dangerous traffic lane changes Landscape Character: no strong positive landscape image (no consistent plant type or massing of similar plants) no visual integration of waterfront parkland intrusive/distracting adjacent residential and commercial facilities Adjacent Land Uses/ Views: adjacent commercial residential and industrial (railroad) facilities to east are highly visible from Freeway Freeway Structures/ Lighting: no standard lighting location overscaled light fixtures unpainted light fixtures II-5 �Signage: — overscaled, unpainted signage support structures (extending across north- and southbound lanes) — poorly located signage for freeway exits (too close to exits for safe lane changes) — inconsistent location of directional signage (yield, stop and speed limit signage) Fencing/Railing: — center lane divided by metal guardrail — chain link fencing obstructing views of waterfront and parkland — excessive use of metal guardrails 11-6 �3. Existing Character Zone III: Interstate 295 Interstate 295, extending approximately four and one half miles, is the most scenic and parkway like of the three zones. It has the broadest right-of-way (approximately 330 feet), dramatic undulating topography, scenic views to the west and dense woodland vegetation forming its eastern boundary. It has two lanes in each direction, and a landscaped median and shoulders. Portions of its western boundary edge are less attractive, with highly visible industrial and institutional facilities blocking views of the waterfront. EXISTING OPPORTUNITIES Physical Road Design: — broad extended right-of-way - center landscaped median sensitive road engineering (integration of road with topography) Landscape Character: — appropriate parkway like character of dense woodlands and upland topography forming eastern r.o.w. boundary — massed plantings in median, within r.o.w. Views: — impressive views of Washington skyline and monuments Fencing/Railing: — cut stone retaining walls in center median Signage: — consistent location adjacent to road within r.o.w. no overhead signage EXISTING CONSTRAINTS Adjacent Land Uses: — large industrial and institutional facilities highly visible and dominating views of the waterfront Views: — views of Anacostia Waterfront blocked by prominent and large facilities — views not directed across the Corridor landscape Freeway Structures/ Lighting: — — inconsistent lighting location overscaled light fixtures unpainted metal light fixtures 11-7 �Fencing/Railing: - scenic view of woodlands and meadows obstructed by chain link fencing Maintenance: - insufficient maintenance and care of plant materials 11-8 �D. SUMMARY OF EXISTING CHARACTER The existing ten-mile freeway corridor lacks a unified image. Its appearance is often sterile or disjointed with multiple images of commercial, residential, parkland, institutional and industrial facilities projecting into the road setting. Unrelated design elements are linked only by a continuous roadway against a contrasting and varying background. There are, however, isolated but significant features and elements which could be successfully integrated into a new image. The views to the waterfront seen along the Anacostia Freeway segment, Kenilworth Avenue's stone bridges and the parkway like . landscape character in the Interstate 295 segment are elements which begin to create an attractive environment and could be built on, or expanded, in other segments of the Corridor. E. DEFINITION OF FREEWAY AND PARKWAY CHARACTER By combining the identified positive features and treatments of the problem areas of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor with the relevant and appropriate design principles of gateway parkways, a set of design recommendations can be developed for the Corridor. It is important to identify the differences between a freeway and a parkway in order to distinguish the appropriate design standards. It is also important to identify the qualities and characteristics of the parkway environment which make it more pleasing. The essential difference between a freeway and a parkway relates to intended use. Freeways are designed for efficient, high speed travel, typically within or near an urban environment. They are frequently surrounded by disjointed land uses and their immediate landscape can be characterized as unorganized and unpleasant. The road design is open, broad and straight for high speed traffic. Parkways have been designed for low to moderate speeds of travel within scenic areas. They were carefully integrated into open lands, and were designed to maximize scenic views and to create a variety of experiences within a natural, or undeveloped, setting. Parkway roads are narrower, often lack shoulders and use embankments as safety zones and wind and curve following the topography. The curving road alignments of the best parkway roads have been designed to limit vehicular speed and to respond to distant landmarks. They establish carefully sequenced views and enclosures. The typical parkway brings the immediate and distant landscape closer to the driver. 11-9 �F. DESIGN PRINCIPLES The existing gateway roads mentioned before provide prototypical design principles. These principles can guide the proposed design recommendations for the Anacostia Freeway. The parkway design principles which can be adapted to an existing freeway environment without compromising safety design standards are: Landscape Character: — the use of a continuous green corridor to provide an attractive gateway — the consistent use of a landscape vocabulary to create a unified appearance — the variation in planting setback from the road to create visual interest and spatial diversity — the use of informally massed native plant materials responsive to topography to create a "natural" image — the creation of a sense of arrival using a rhythmic patterning of structures, controlled views of the destination point and carefully sequenced signage Views: — the use of massed plantings to buffer intrusive adjacent land uses and to create an interrupted and focused driving environment — the use of massed plantings to direct the motorist's views towards scenic vistas and focal points Freeway Structures: — the selection of freeway structures (lighting, signage, fencing/railing) which are both aesthetically pleasing and promote safe responses to the freeway conditions — the consistent treatment of freeway structures—uniform location, spacing, materials. 11-10 �III. GATEWAY IMAGE ��III. GATEWAY IMAGE A. RECOMMENDATIONS: Using applicable parkway design principles, the plant material, the freeway structures and the maintenance of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor can be manipulated to create the desired image and gateway setting. Recommendations for the improvement and treatment of planting, freeway structures and maintenance have been made for prototypical conditions. The prototypical conditions are: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. Arrival/Entry (threshold of the freeway) Waterfront Park (major water edge, open space feature) Natural Woodland (existing native, wooded vegetation) Adjacent Incompatible Land Uses (intrusive and distracting commercial, industrial/ residential development) Views/Vistas (views from the freeway to major scenic focal points) Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments (changes in grade separation of lanes, overhead structures) Medians (central planted or paved strip dividing opposite directions of traffic) Urban Street (urban framework adjoining the road). The following recommendations and design treatments for planting, structures, and maintenance have been developed at a conceptual level. It is assumed that these recommendations would be further developed and designed to meet Federal Interstate safety regulations. 1. PLANT MATERIAL RECOMMENDATIONS Plant material recommendations are principally concerned with developing a landscape buffer to separate adjacent incompatible land uses, establishing a parkway landscape and reducing mowing maintenance requirements. T o establish this parkway landscape the freeway right-of-way must be sufficiently wide for adequate planting. In many areas of the corridor the right-of-way lacks the necessary width for adequate planting. In order to achieve the desired parkway landscape, it is recommended that these options be studied: • Consider property easements and/or land acquisition to gain the necessary width for adequate planting. 111-1 �• Consider revising/modifying A A S H T O * standards which prohibit plant material installation within 30' of the road. Plant materials recommended and suggested for each condition follow Conceptual Design Recommendations for Prototypical Conditions. The Plant List for Prototypical Conditions identifies plant types, specific plant material and landscape conditions where the plant material would be used. For instance, canopy trees, specifically Red Oaks, are recommended for Conditions C, E, H: Natural Woodland, Views/Vistas and Urban Street Conditions. Plant types recommended for the enhancement of the corridor include canopy, flowering and evergreen trees, shrubs, vines, annuals and perennials. An expanded list follows in the Recommended Plant List. A plant matrix identifies the use of plant types in landscape conditions within the three major freeway zones. The plant material was chosen for its adaptability to the various conditions presented along the corridor such as: dust, salt spray, auto and truck exhaust; sources of noise pollution; incompatible land uses and unattractive views; attractive views; important existing vegetation. *American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 111-2 �PLANT LIST FOR PROTOTYPICAL CONDITIONS PLANT TYPE BOTANICAL NAME CONDITIONS COMMON NAME Canopy Trees G, E C, H, E C, E Acer rubrum Quercus borealis Quercus phellos Red Maple Red Oak Willow Oak Flowering Trees C, C, E, A, G G F, G, H B, F Amelanchier canadensis Cornus florida Malus floribunda Prunus yedoensis Serviceberry Dogwood Crab Apple Yoshino Cherry Evergreen Trees D, A, B, F, E E, F C, D, E, G, H Cupressocyparis lelandii Picea abies Pinus nigra Leyland Cypress Norway Spruce Austrian Pine Shrubs D, H Blue Columnar Chinese Juniper Irish Juniper C, D, F Juniperus chinensis 'Columnaris' Juniperus communis 'Hibernica' Juniperus horizontalis 'Plumosa' Pyracantha coccinea 'Mohave' Rosa rugosa Vines C, D D, H Campsis radicans Clematis paniculata Trumpet Vine Sweet Autumn Clematis Perennials A, B, E, F, G, Achillea sp. Yarrow Hemerocallis hybrids Miscanthus sinensis Pennisetum alopecuriodes Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldstrum' Daylily Fountain Grass Chinese Pennisetum Black-Eyed Susan Narcissus sp. Daffodil D A, F, H F, G, H I_I n Bulbs A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H Wildflowers A, B, C, D, E, F, G Andorra Juniper Orange-Red Firethorn Rugosa Rose Southeastern seeding mixture 111-3 �RECOMMENDED PLANT LIST PLANT TYPE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME Canopy Trees Acer rubrum Fraxinus americana Liquidamber styraciflua Platanus acerifolia Quercus borealis Quercus palustris Quercus phellos Tilia americana Zelkova serrata Red Maple White Ash Sweetgum Plane Tree Red Oak Pin Oak Willow Oak Basswood Japanese Zelkova Flowering Trees Amelanchier canadensis Cornus florida Cornus kousa Koelreuteria paniculata Malus floribunda Oxydendron arboreum Prunus yedoensis Serviceberry Dogwood Kousa Dogwood Golden Rain Tree Crab Apple Sourwood Yoshino Cherry Evergreen Trees Cedrus atlantica 'Clauca' Cupressocyparis lelandii Ilex opaca Picea abies Pinus nigra Blue Atlas Cedar Leyland Cypress American Holly Norway Spruce Austrian Pine Shrubs Euonymus alata Forsythia suspensa Juniperus chinensis 'Columnaris' Winged Euonymus Weeping Forsythia Blue Columnar Chinese Juniper Irish Juniper Andorra Juniper Mountain Laurel Wax Myrtle, Southern Bayberry Orange-Red Firethorn Rugosa Rose Juniperus communis 'Hibernica' Juniperus horizontalis 'Plumosa' Kalmia latifolia Myrica cerifera Pyracantha coccinea 'Mohave' Rosa rugosa 111-4 �Vines Campsis radicans Celastrus orbiculatus Clematis paniculata Polygonum aubertii Trumpet Vine Oriental Bittersweet Sweet Autumn Clematis Fleece Vine Perennials Achillea sp. Hemerocallis hybrids Miscanthus sinensis Pennisetum alopecuriodes Rudbeckia fulgida 'Coldstrum' Yarrow Daylily Fountain Grass Chinese Pennisetum Black-Eyed Susan Wildflowers Solidago hybrids Goldenrod Southeastern Seeding Mixture Bulbs Narcissus sp. Daffodil 111-5 �Figure 111-1 PLANT MATRIX SUMMARY C CD to CD l/l E -XL c «J Z) "O c E L U CD CJC rc i M C .0 TO -XL 1— e o Canopy Trees Flowering Trees Evergreen Trees Shrubs Vines Annual/Perennials ANACOSTIA FREEWAY TJ TOo u KENILWORTH AVENUE "3 C rQ — C o c CD u < 1— • • • • Canopy Trees Flowering Trees Evergreen Trees Shrubs Vines Annual/Perennials • • • a E CD '•*—> • • • i/i -Q rc c C o a o CD • 'S " £ u > O z c _i cj < L U 79 m > vi CD > ~-> CD CD i_ ra > — c -w CD X L U • • • • • • ••• • • • •• • I-295 Canopy Trees Flowering Trees Evergreen Trees Shrubs Vines Annual/Perennials • • • • • • 4^ c ra c 111 —— • • •• •• • — • • • • 1-6 — D • • • • • �2. FREEWAY STRUCTURES RECOMMENDATIONS Freeway Structures Recommendations are developed with both safety and aesthetic considerations in mind. These structures can serve as organizing elements, with their repeated use, and as image makers, as they help create a highly visible design character or image. The recommendations propose a consistent location and design of lighting fixtures, a fencing material and a more formal fencing/railing design, a consistent standard use of fencing/railing, and a new design for framing and mounting of signage. Recommendations for improvements to the freeway structures include treatment of lighting; signage and fencing/railing. The specific recommendations include treatment of: • Lighting — Fixtures — Location • Signage — Framing/Mounting • Fencing/Railing — Property Line Right-of-Way — Safety Railings — Median Barrier — Shoulder Guardrails — Retaining Walls. 111-7 �Figure 111-2 FREEWAY STRUCTURES: LIGHTING �Figure III-3 FREEWAY STRUCTURES: SIGNAGE Signage Adjacent to Road Overhead Signage/Interstate 111-9 �Figure 111-4 FREEWAY STRUCTURES: FENCING/RAILING 111-10 �Figure 111-3 FREEWAY STRUCTURES: FENCING/RAILING 111-11 �3. MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS Maintenance Recommendations consist primarily of establishing a maintenance program to ensure a well-kept, high quality image. A n ongoing maintenance program is essential since new planting would take several years to develop. If a reasonable priority is not given to maintenance and replacement programs, the gradually developing image would erode rather than intensify. Each new improvement should be accompanied by a realistic maintenance strategy. A program would include but not be limited to: — Sweeping, cleaning and litter pick up — Landscape maintenance including tree pruning, spraying, weeding, reseeding of wildflowers and mowing of grass areas — Repair and replacement of all damaged or deteriorated highway hardware and furnishings including road and curb resurfacing and repair — Painting of all furniture hardware, lights and sign poles — Steam cleaning treatment to clean stone wall facades; sand blasting treatment to clean bridges — Survey and inspections to regularly identify and follow up on maintenance problems. 111-12 �CONCEPTUAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTOTYPICAL CONDITIONS ��B. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTOTYPICAL CONDITIONS Conceptual design recommendations have been made for the eight prototypical conditions of the Anacostia Freeway Corridor. The eight conditions are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition Condition A: B: C: D: E: F: G: H: Arrival/Entry Waterfront Park Natural Woodland Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses Views/Vistas Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Medians Urban Street 111-13 �Figure 111-6 CONDITION A: ARRIVAL/ENTRY 111-14 �1. CONDITION A: ARRIVAL/ENTRY Planting Recommendations Effects: & Establish t w o principal arrival/entry areas at north and south boundaries of Corridor, Kenilworth Avenue and I-295, to identify the Anacostia Freeway Corridor and create a positive first impression and image. Develop carefully sequenced planting to create sense of anticipation and to direct the motorist's view toward significant Washington landmarks and city entrance. Enhance proposed signage with specimen flowering and evergreen trees and low evergreen shrubs (see recommended planting materials for landscape condition A). Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: Lighting: & Overhead lighting should be limited to entry and exit and bridged conditions and should be located adjacent to the roadway for an uncluttered appearance and consistent location. Use of ornamental light fixtures (see Figure III-2) would contribute to a parkway like image, particularly for urban conditions such as Kenilworth Avenue. Continue use of mercury vapor lighting due to lower costs and preferred color spectrum. Recessed built-in lighting in the entry signage would highlight the signage. 111-15 �Signage: - Remove all overhead directional signage and replace with signage adjacent to road to reduce visual clutter. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition in areas with limited r.o.w. Use proposed signage for consistent treatment (see page 111-9). — Establish ground plane entry signage announcing Anacostia Freeway Corridor (see Figure 111-9). Incorporate stone wall construction to tie in with use of stone walls throughout the Corridor. Fencing/Railing: — No recommendations to be made. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — Establish a high standard of maintenance for arrival/entry areas to create a positive image of the Corridor. Landscape maintenance should include tree pruning, spraying, weeding, reseeding of wildflowers and mowing of grass areas. Survey and inspections should regularly identify and follow up on maintenance problems. 111-16 �111-17 �Figure 111-7 CONDITION B: WATERFRONT PARK CONDITIONS Waterfront Park Evergreens Fence Ornamental Trees Directed Views New JerseyBarrier Lawn Edge Evergreen Screen with Canopy Trees Plan Residential Area Elevation 111-18 �2. CONDITION B: WATERFRONT PARK Planting Recommendations Effects: & Integrate additional planting along waterfront boundary to dramatize views of the park from the Freeway and to buffer the park from the Freeway. Prune and maintain indigenous plantings in selected areas where views are to be maintained. Plant accent flowering and evergreen trees on both sides of r.o.w. fence to help screen the fence and integrate it with planting (see recommended plant material for landscape condition B). Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: & Lighting: Remove overhead lighting fixtures for consistent lighting treatment (all overhead lighting to be limited to entry/exit and bridged conditions). Signage: Establish small locational sign announcing Anacostia Park adjacent to road. Use proposed treatment, black steel frame and posts. All other necessary signage to be in standard location, adjacent to road and of standard design (see Figure 111-3). 111-19 �Replace existing chain link property line (r.o.w.) fence with black vinyl fencing to blend and harmonize with plant material and for consistent fencing treatment throughout corridor. Consider property easements to move r.o.w. fence into parkland. Fence freeway r.o.w. property line as required by interstate safety regulations. Fencing/Railing: Replace center median guardrail with New Jersey barrier to conform with A A S H T O standards and for consistent median treatment in narrow unplanted median areas. Establish a standard for the use of guardrails to reduce the excessive amount of railing used and limit the use of guardrails to areas with hazardous grade changes. Use standard interstate railing until new design is developed. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & Perform specialized landscape maintenance pruning to existing vegetative buffer along waterfront edge to maintain open views of/to park. Landscape maintenance should also include spraying, weeding, reseeding of wildflowers and mowing of grass areas. 111-20 �3. CONDITION C: NATURAL W O O D L A N D Planting Recommendations Effects: & - Maintain existing woodland conditions found predominantly along lnterstate-295 east embankment. Continue woodland character planting on west embankment and in center median. This treatment would buffer objectionable views of adjacent land uses while creating a consistent park like character and strong image of a green freeway corridor. - Vary planting setback edges to existing woodland to heighten the naturalistic appearance of woodland. Consider revising standards to allow trees to be planted closer than 30 feet away from the road. Lighting: - Remove all lighting except in exit/entry ramp and bridged conditions. For those conditions, lighting fixtures should be of the proposed ornamental type and located adjacent to the road (see Figure 111-2). Signage: — Remove, when possible, overhead signage structures. Locate adjacent to road. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition for area with limited right-of-way. This would allow more signage to be located adjacent to road. If overhead signage is needed, reduce size of structure and apply proposed mounting design system (see Figure 111-3). Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: & — Proposed signage to be of black steel frames and posts, of varying sizes according to the conditions. Establish standard location for directional signage (yield sign, speed limit, etc.). This signage system would reduce visual clutter and confusion while increasing its effectiveness. 111-21 �Fencing/Railing: — Limit use of chain link fencing. Fencing visually separates rather than integrates the woodland landscape in and outside the Freeway r.o.w. In conditions where fencing is required (such as Freeway r.o.w. property line) use black vinyl fencing to blend and harmonize with woodland. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — Preserve existing woodlands by removing damaged and diseased vegetation, pruning crowded limbs, removing choking vines. Landscape maintenance should also include weeding and mowing of grass areas along edges of woodland. 111-22 �4. CONDITION D: INCOMPATIBLE ADJACENT LAND USES Planting Recommendations Effects: & — Screen highly visible institutional and industrial facilities along 1-295, views of residential and commercial communities on Kenilworth Avenue and Anacostia Freeway and gas stations and junk yards facing Kenilworth Avenue. Plant dense masses of evergreen and mixed deciduous trees (see recommended plant list for condition D). Planting of evergreen and deciduous trees would screen objectionable views and would establish an effective landscape buffer. Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: Lighting: & - Overhead lighting should be limited to entry and exit and bridged conditions and should be located adjacent to the roadway for an uncluttered appearance and consistent location. — Use of ornamental light fixtures (see Figure 111-2) would contribute to a parkway like image particularly for urban conditions such as Kenilworth Avenue. Continue use of mercury vapor lighting due to lower costs and preferred color spectrum. 111-23 �Signage: — Remove, when possible, overhead signage structures. Locate adjacent to road. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition to area with limited right-of-way. This would allow more signage to be located adjacent to road. If overhead signage is needed, reduce size of structure and apply proposed mounting design system (see Figure 111-3). — Proposed signage to be of black steel frame and posts, of varying sizes according to the conditions. Establish standard location for directional signage (yield sign, speed limit, etc.). This signage system would reduce visual clutter and confusion while increasing its effectiveness. Fencing/Railing: — Consider property easements and land acquisition to extend property line r.o.w. in areas with less than 40 foot clearance from road. This would allow plant material to screen and integrate fencing with the landscape. Replace existing chain link fencing with black vinyl fencing for consistent fencing treatment throughout corridor. Fence Freeway r.o.w. property line as required by interstate safety regulations. — Establish a standard for the use of guardrails to reduce the excessive amount of existing railing. Limit use of guardrails to areas with hazardous grade changes. Establish a standard for their use. The preferred recommendation is to develop a new guardrail design. Until one is established, use standard interstate metal railing. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — Establish a high level of maintenance in order to preserve the positive image of the green corridor in the urban environment. Maintenance should include sweeping, cleaning and litter pick up; landscape maintenance such as pruning, spraying, weeding, and mowing of lawn areas; and repair and replacement of all damaged or deteriorated roadway hardware and furnishings, including road and curb resurfacing and repair. 111-24 �5. CONDITION E: VIEWS/VISTAS Planting Recommendations Effects: & — Scenic views of the Capital City and waterfront would create an interesting and enjoyable driving experience while reinforcing a gateway image. — O n Anacostia Freeway and the city, including views of Monument. Plant evergreen frame and direct views (see for landscape condition E). lnterstate-295 frame views of the Capitol and Washington and mixed deciduous trees to recommended plant material — Prune existing vegetation which blocks views to city and waterfront. Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: & Lighting: — Remove overhead center lane median lighting which may block or interfere with views. Locate all required lighting at exit/entry ramps and bridged conditions adjacent to road where lighting fixtures will give an uncluttered appearance and detract least from the view. Signage: - Remove, when possible, overhead signage structures which may detract from views. Locate them adjacent to road. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition for area with limited right-of-way. This would allow more signage to be located adjacent to road. If overhead signage is needed, reduce size of structure and apply proposed mounting design system (see Figure 111-3). — Proposed signage should be of black, squared, steel frame with posts of varying sizes according to the conditions. Establish standard location for directional signage (yield sign, speed limit, etc.). This signage system would reduce visual clutter and confusion while increasing its effectiveness. 111-25 �Limit use of chain link fencing, as fencing visually separates rather than integrates the landscape environment in and outside the Freeway r.o.w. Replace chain link fencing with proposed black vinyl fencing in areas requiring fencing (such as Freeway r.o.w. property line required by Interstate safety regulations) to blend and harmonize with plant materials. Consider property easements and land acquisition to extend property r.o.w. in areas with less than 40 foot clearance from road. This would allow plant material to screen fencing and make it less visually intrusive. Fencing/Railing: Additional installation of stone walls would contribute towards a consistent park like character throughout the corridor. Cut stone retaining walls, matching the existing stone walls and bridge abutments, would visually harmonize with the parkway like landscape and would enhance views to the Capitol and Waterfront. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & A high level of maintenance is particularly important in viewing areas of the Freeway where close foreground views of trash and neglected areas could distract from long scenic views. Maintenance should include sweeping, cleaning and litter pickup; landscape maintenance; and hard surface repair and replacement work on curbs and road surfaces. 111-26 �6. CONDITION F: EXIT/ENTRY RAMPS, BRIDGE EMBANKMENTS Planting Recommendations Effects: & — Plant flowering and evergreen trees with low evergreen shrubs to form an important first and last impression as motorists enter and exit the freeway (see recommended plant material for condition F). This treatment would apply to all exit and entry ramped areas and bridge embankments. Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: Lighting: & — Overhead lighting should be limited to entry and exit and bridged conditions and should be located adjacent to the roadway for an uncluttered appearance and consistent location. — Use of ornamental light fixtures (see Figure 111-2) would contribute to a parkway like image, particularly for urban conditions such as Kenilworth Avenue. Continue use of mercury vapor lighting due to lower costs and preferred color spectrum. Signage: — Remove, when possible, overhead signage structures. Locate adjacent to road. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition for area with limited right-of-way. This would allow more signage to be located adjacent to road. If overhead signage is needed, reduce size of structure and apply proposed mounting design system (see Figure 111-3). — Proposed signage to be of black steel frames and posts, of varying sizes according to the conditions. Establish standard location for directional signage (yield sign, speed limit, etc.). This signage system would reduce visual clutter and confusion. 111-27 �— Remove signage on overhead pedestrian bridges. This would give a less cluttered appearance to the roadway. — Continue use of Federal Interstate signage. Fencing/Railing: — Fence Freeway r.o.w. property line as required by interstate safety regulations. Replace existing chain link fencing with proposed black vinyl fencing which would blend with plant material and surrounding landscape. — Install proposed black metal railing with consistent post spacing in conditions where railing is currently being used, such as pedestrian bridges and bridged conditions. A consistent use of metal railing applied to various site conditions would establish a consistent identity throughout the corridor (see Figure 111-5). — Establish a standard for the use of guardrails to reduce the excessive amount of existing railing. Limit the use of guardrails to areas with hazardous grade changes. The preferred recommendation is to develop a new guardrail design. Until one is established, use standard interstate metal railing. — Additional installation of stone walls would contribute to a consistent parkway like character throughout the corridor. Cut stone retaining walls would match existing stone walls and bridge embankments. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — Maintenance should emphasize repair and replacement of all damaged or deteriorated highway hardware and furnishings, including road and curb resurfacing and repair. Steam clean stone bridges. 111-28 �7. CONDITION G: MEDIANS Planting Recommendations Effects: & — Plant median of lnterstate-295 with informally massed deciduous and evergreen trees to repeat the existing woodland on the eastern edge of 1-295 and to achieve a similar natural character. Dense median planting would screen objectionable views of industrial and institutional facilities to the west and would reduce glare of oncoming traffic at night. — Plant center median of Anacostia Freeway where opportunities exist. Plant street trees in narrow planting strips above bridge abutments to repeat the image of the green corridor. Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: Lighting: & — Overhead lighting should be limited to entry and exit and bridged conditions and should be located adjacent to the roadway for an uncluttered appearance and consistent location. — Use of ornamental light fixtures (see Figure 111-2) would contribute to a parkway like image, particularly for urban conditions such as Kenilworth Avenue. Continue use of mercury vapor lighting due to lower costs and preferred color spectrum. Signage: — Remove all overhead and center median signage and locate adjacent to road. Consider property easements and land acquisition for area with limited right-of-way. This would allow more signage to be located adjacent to road. — Proposed signage to be of consistent material in standard locations for unified image of roadway. 111-29 �Fencing/Railing: — Install New Jersey barrier throughout the corridor in areas without a landscaped median. This treatment would conform with A A S H T O standards and would provide a consistent appearance to the median. — Metal railing would be installed wherever existing railing is used above New Jersey barriers. Replace chain link fencing above New Jersey barrier on Kenilworth Avenue with proposed metal railing for a more attractive treatment and compatible use of materials (see Figure 111-5). — Establish a standard for the use of guardrails to reduce the excessive amount of existing railing. The preferred recommendation is to develop a new guardrail design. Use the standard interstate metal railing until new standard is developed. Limit use of guardrails to areas with hazardous changes. — Additional installation of stone walls would contribute to the parkway like character of the corridor. Use cut stone retaining walls to match existing stone walls and bridge abutments in landscaped medians along 1-295 and Anacostia Freeway. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — A high level of maintenance is particularly important in the medians where close foreground views of trash and neglected areas would detract from the desired positive image. Maintenance should include sweeping, cleaning and litter pickup; landscape maintenance; and hard surface repair and replacement work on curbs and road surfaces. 111-30 �8. CONDITION H: URBAN STREET Planting Recommendations Effects: & — Plantings of street trees and evergreen trees at edges of roadway would provide a sense of enclosure and screen objectionable views of adjacent commercial, residential and industrial land uses as well as buffering those areas from the roadway. — Rows of canopy street trees with low understory evergreen shrubs would be an effective screen of adjacent commercial facilities. Consider land acquisition or property easements to provide more adequate space for planting. — Plant mixed evergreen and ornamental trees in medians against stone piers of pedestrian bridges over Anacostia Freeway. This would partially screen the overhead pedestrian bridges and repeat the image of the green corridor. Freeway Structures Recommendations Effects: Lighting: & — Overhead lighting should be limited to entry and exit and bridged conditions and should be located adjacent to the roadway for an uncluttered appearance and consistent location. — Use of ornamental light fixtures (see Figure 111-2) would contribute to a parkway like image, particularly for urban conditions such as Kenilworth Avenue. Continue use of mercury vapor lighting due to lower costs and preferred color spectrum. Signage: — Remove all overhead directional signage and replace with signage adjacent to road to reduce visual clutter. Consider property easements and/or land acquisition in areas with limited r.o.w. 111-31 �— If overhead signage is needed, reduce size of structures and apply proposed mounting design system (see Figure 111-3). — Replace center median guardrail with New Jersey barrier to conform with A A S H T O standards and for consistent median treatment in unlandscaped median areas. — Establish a standard for the use of guardrails to reduce the excessive amount of railing used and limit the use of guardrails to areas with hazardous grade changes. Use standard interstate railing until new design is developed. Maintenance Recommendations Effects: & — Establish a high level of maintenance in order to preserve the positive image of the green corridor in the urban environment. 111-32 �DESIGN TREATMENTS FOR ANACOSTIA FREEWAY CORRIDOR ���Figure III-8 ZONE I: KENILWORTH AVENUE �C. DESIGN TREATMENTS FOR ANACOSTIA FREEWAY CORRIDOR The following design treatments are the applications of conceptual design recommendations for freeway problem areas. Photographs of each of the existing problem areas and sketch perspectives of the proposed treatments are used to show the "before and after" conditions of each area in question. The photographs and design treatments have been arranged from north to south throughout the three zones. 1. ZONE I: KENILWORTH AVENUE The Kenilworth Avenue zone under study extends two and one half miles from Eastern Avenue on the Maryland/Prince George's—District of Columbia boundary to Benning Road. Because of its narrow corridor (the average right-of-way is 100 feet) and its urban setting it offers the greatest challenge to the creation of a green gateway. Most of the recommendations concern the standardization and upgrading of freeway structures and improved maintenance. Most of the planting recommendations concern screening of incompatible adjacent land uses. III-35 �Figure 111-9 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #1 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-36 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #1 CONDITION: A. Arrival/Entry Planting Recommendation: Establish a sequence of planting and a unified entry planting and signage design (see recommended plant list for Condition A). Effect: A careful sequencing of the entry planting and signage would direct the motorists' attention to the signage. It would create a sense of arrival and an important first impression and image of the corridor. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Effect: Replace existing lighting with proposed ornamental fixtures adjacent to road. Ornamental lighting fixtures would contribute to the parkway like character; a standard location adjacent to the road would maintain an uncluttered median and provide a consistent treatment. Signage: Recommendation: Effect: Remove unnecessary overhead signage structure. Replace with ground plane signage adjacent to road. The special use of ground plane signage only at the entries to the corridor would create an important sense of entry. Signage adjacent to the road would result in an open and uncluttered roadway. III-37 �Figure 111-10 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #2 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-38 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #2 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses H. Urban Street Planting Recommendation: Plant street trees and massed evergreen trees along embankment (see recommended plant list for Condition D, H). Effect: A uniform planting of street trees would establish visual order while evergreen trees would screen views of residential neighborhoods and buffer the neighborhoods from the roadway. Freeway Structures Signage: Recommenda Effect: tion: Install recommended signage. This would provide a more attractive and unified signage system. 111-39 �Figure 111-11 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #3 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-40 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #3 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses H. Urban Street Planting Recommendation: — Plant massed evergreen and flowering trees (see plant recommendations for Conditions D, H). Effect: — Informal massed plantings would create a parkway-like edge and a green backdrop to the corridor. It would screen views of the residential communities as well as buffer the road from the neighborhood. 111-41 �Figure 111-12 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #4 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-42 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #4 CONDITIONS: F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments H. Urban Street Planting Recommendation: Plant additional street trees of same species as existing trees above bridge abutments and in front of bridge pier. Plant massed evergreens in front of pier. Effect: Additional tree planting would recall the green corridor effect of the earlier roadway sequences and would be an attractive use of narrow planting strips. Massed evergreen planting would partially screen the pier of the overhead ramp. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommenda tion: — Relocate center median lighting and relocate adjacent to roadway. Use proposed ornamental fixtures. — This would provide a consistent lighting appearance location and would reduce the visual clutter in the center median. Effect: Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Effect: Remove existing railing above bridge abutment and install recommended metal railing. Use of recommended railing would be more compatible with stone bridge structures. Similar treatments and materials would unify the appearance of the roadway. Maintenance Recommendation: Remove weeds along paved roadway edge and apply preventive spray to maintain edge. Effect: A maintained edge of roadway would improve the appearance of Kenilworth Avenue. R ecommenda Effect: tion: Steam clean the face of stone wall. Paint overhead bridges. This would improve the roadway environment appearance. 111-43 �Figure 111-13 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #5 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment ill-44 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #5 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses H. Urban Street Planting Recommendation: — Plant deciduous and evergreen trees in front of fence (see recommended plant list for Conditions D, H). Effect: — This would screen views of adjacent residental communities, provide an attractive green edge to the roadway and integrate the fence with the planting. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: — Replace existing chain link fence with proposed black vinyl coated fence. Effect: — The black fencing would blend with the proposed planting. Maintenance Recommendation: Repair curbs. Remove weeds growing over the curbs and apply preventive spray. Effect: Maintenance of the roadway edge — its curbing and shoulders — would give a neater and more attractive appearance to the roadway. 111-45 �Figure 111-14 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #6 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #6 CONDITIONS: F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments H. Urban Street Planting Recommenda tion: Effect: Plant exit embankment with small flowering trees and evergreen trees and shrubs. Plant evergreen trees on both sides of fence line. A similar treatment of the exit embankment would make it consistent with the rest of the corridor and form an important last impression of the corridor. Planting on both sides of fence would integrate the fence with the landscape and would also screen views of adjacent residential communities. Shrub planting of the embankment would stabilize slope and lower maintenance costs. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Effect: Fencing/Railing: Recommenda tion: Effect: Remove non-functional traffic light. Move exit ramp lighting to edge of roadway, and install recommended features. This would give an organized and consistent appearance to the corridor. — Install recommended metal railing on bridge. — Install recommended black vinyl fencing along property line. — Use of the proposed fencing and railing would result in a more attractive and consistent appearance of the roadway and would screen adjacent residential housing. 111-47 �Maintenance Recommendation: — Clean up and repair paved median strip. Remove weeds and apply preventive spray. Remove loose rubble and concrete. Repair concrete curbing. Effect: — This would give a clean, well-maintained appearance. Recommendation: — Install new paving in median strip. Effect: — This would give a neater and more attractive appearance. 111-48 �111-49 �Figure 111-15 KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #7 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-50 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, SOUTHBOUND #7 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Planting Recommendation: Effect: Plant upright screen trees against fence to grow on fence along exit (see recommended plant list for Condition D). Planting would provide an attractive treatment of the exit by developing a living green edge to the roadway and would create an important last impression of the corridor. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Remove guardrail, adjacent to bridge abutment and continue proposed metal railing. Effect: This would provide a uniform and attractive railing treatment. Recommendation: Replace chain link fence along exit with proposed black vinyl coated fence. Effect: This would be a more attractive treatment of the roadway edge and would be consistent with fencing treatments throughout the corridor. Maintenance Recommendation: Remove weeds along guardrail and stone wall and apply preventive spray. Steam clean face of stone wall. Effect: This would improve the appearance of the corridor. 111-51 �Figure 111-16 KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #8 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-52 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #8 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses H. Urban Street Planting Recommendation: — Plant street trees and understory evergreen shrubs (see recommended plant list for Condition D). Effect: — This treatment would provide a sense of enclosure and would screen but not restrict views of commercial facilities. 111-53 �Figure 111-17 KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #9 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-54 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #9 CONDITION: F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Planting Recommendation: — Maintain lawn around guardrail and plant mixed evergreen shrubs behind guardrail. Add mixed evergreen and ornamental trees where possible. Effect: — This planting and increased maintenance would be a more attractive treatment of this condition. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: — Remove bridge railing and install recommended metal railing. Effect: — This would be a more attractive treatment of the elevated roadway edge and would be consistent with the railing treatments throughout the corridor. Maintenance Recommendation: — Resurface walkway and repair curbing. Effect: — This would improve the appearance of Kenilworth Avenue and decrease the amount of patchwork maintenance required. 111-55 �Figure 111-18 KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #10 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-56 �DESIGN TREATMENT - KENILWORTH AVENUE, NORTHBOUND #10 CONDITIONS: D. F. G. H. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Medians Urban Street Planting Recommendation: Effect: Maintain dense planting at edges of corridor. Supplement where necessary. Maintenance of existing planting and supplemental planting at the edge of the roadway corridor would create a green backdrop to the roadway. A green buffer would visually separate the roadway from adjacent zones. Recommendation: Plant row of street trees in median between parallel road and Freeway. Effect: This would create a partial screen between the roadways. It would be an attractive use of the median and suggest a parkway appearance. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Remove center lane lighting to side of road. Replace existing fixtures with proposed ornamental fixtures. Effect: This treatment would result in an open, uncluttered corridor with a neater appearance and would conform to the standard lighting location. Use of ornamental fixtures would contribute to a parkway like character. Signage: Recommendation: Remove signage from pedestrian bridge. When possible, relocate signage adjacent to road. Effect: A consistent signage location adjacent to the road would reduce visual clutter and increase the effectiveness of the signage. III-57 �Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: — Remove chain link fencing above New Jersey barrier and install recommended metal railing. — Install proposed metal railing for pedestrian bridges. Effect: — Use of compatible materials and similar treatments would unify the appearance of the roadway. 111-58 �t ilt-19 IK AT{ACOSNA FRTF}VAY rt? / c,erglr o |;- c o Washrngton Navy '/ard I <--' ¿\ :r U.S. Naval Station Nat¡rrnal ÂrObr)¡.?tE¡n¡ A,na(jostr¿ì i):rrk {iì) t" i.' -\ Barn¿;y Circle .i¡l lnl tl lì¿, , r: rìacostta e ths ::1î ll) rk ' -( 't - -*-J/4 r, {.reneru¡ t-.loap¡tß¡ -- ..,-r*.*' Dc. Ì') ,t Anacost¡a Park (F) ,En¿tÇr.)stia I I : '! -l --..-:Ë?--_' Ferk iG) f:ì .) f.] i{ 'i: ( I (. Park (F) ,'u'\t ii t,¡\ I ,L : i.-1,-.. (--t I Fort St¿lnton i :.a:- Park -.Y ; Fort Dupont park ; {: northbound photos 12 through 1 southbound pbt0 l:t ilt{o ¡l { n �2. ZONE 2: ANACOSTIA FREEWAY The Anacostia Freeway zone under study extends approximately three and one half miles from Benning Road to the Suitland Parkway. Like the Kenilworth Avenue zone, it crosses a fairly dense urban setting. Most of the recommendations for this zone include the standardization and upgrading of freeway structures; planting recommendations are made for the screening of incompatible adjacent land uses and for directing views to Anacostia Park. 111-61 �Figure 111-20 ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, SOUTHBOUND #11 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment -62 �DESIGN TREATMENT - ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, SOUTHBOUND #11 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Plant evergreen and mixed deciduous trees along western edge of corridor. Consider land easement or acquisition in order to increase the planting density (see recommended plant list for Conditions D, G). Effect: This would effectively screen views of adjacent residential communities and railroad corridor and would buffer the community from the roadway. It would establish a green background for the roadway. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Remove center lane guardrail. Install recommended jersey barrier. Effect: This would provide a consistent center lane median treatment. 111-63 �Figure 111-21 ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #12 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-64 �DESIGN TREATMENT - ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #12 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses C . Medians Planting Recommenda tion: Effect: Plant mixed evergreen and deciduous trees along fence at freeway edge (see recommended plant list for Conditions D, G). This would screen undesirable views of commercial facilities and improve the appearance of the freeway by developing a green background to the freeway. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Remove lighting along freeway except for exit/entry ramps and bridges. Effect: This would provide a consistent lighting location and appearance to the freeway. Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Remove center guardrail and install New Jersey barrier. Effect: New Jersey barrier would provide consistent center-lane treatment. Signage: Recommendation: Locate signage adjacent to road. Consider land easements or acquisition. Install recommended signage mounting system. Effect: This would provide a consistent location and appearance of the signage and would reduce the visual clutter. III-65 �Figure 111-22 ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #13 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-66 �DESIGN TREATMENT - ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #13 CONDITIONS: B. Waterfront Park E. Views/Vistas G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Plant informal masses of evergreen and accent flowering trees along waterfront park area (see recommended plant list for Conditions B, G). Effect: This treatment would direct and dramatize views towards the waterfront park while partially buffering the park from the freeway. This would help integrate the park and its green recreational character into the freeway environment. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Remove lighting from roadside. Effect: As this is not an entry/exit or bridged condition, this would be consistent with the standard treatment for lighting location. Signage: Recommendation: Sandblast and paint bridge in waterfront park area (blue or dark green). Effect: Painting the bridge would improve its appearance and would suggest the nearby presence of the waterfront park by its color. III-67 �Figure 111-23 ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #14 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-68 �DESIGN TREATMENT - ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #14 CONDITION: F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Planting Recommendation: Plant evergreen and flowering trees with seasonal annuals and perennials along embankments (see recommended plant list for Condition F). Effect: Informal massed plantings along the embankments would partially screen oncoming traffic and would enhance the parkway like character. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Retain lighting fixtures only at entry condition of oncoming traffic. Install ornamental light fixture. Effect: This would be a more appropriate lighting treatment for a parkway like area. Fencing/Railing: Recommenda Effect: tion: Remove guardrail and replace with cut stone retaining wall along embankment. The stone wall would enrich the landscape character and would provide a consistent use of material in each zone. Use of the stone wall along the embankment would be consistent with the parkway like environment and would reinforce the landscape character of the freeway. III-69 �DESIGN TREATMENT - ANACOSTIA FREEWAY, NORTHBOUND #15 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Effect: Plant evergreen and deciduous trees in front of fence (see recommended plant list for Conditions D, G). This treatment would integrate the fence with plant material rather than separate the road from the landscape and would screen the railroad corridor. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Retain lighting closest to bridged condition and relocate it from center lane median to position adjacent to roadway. Use recommended ornamental fixture. Effect: This would result in an open corridor with a neater, less cluttered appearance and would conform with the standard lighting location. Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Replace existing chain link fence with recommended black vinyl fencing. Move fence back into the trees. Consider property or land acquisition. Effect: Use of the proposed fencing treatment would make it less visible against the landscape and consistent with the rest of the corridor. Increased setback of the fence would result in more room for planting and a less constricted edge to the roadway. Relocation of the fence would allow it to be integrated with proposed planting and would result in a unified landscape. Recommendation: Remove center guardrail and install New Jersey barrier. Effect: New Jersey barrier would provide consistent center lane treatment. 111-71 �111-72 �¡ ,ir tb¡to "v'/ 1ltj25 Hgrt & t{rtssIATE_ ã15 " f:cr1 McNatr .., Nalional AirPôt't ¡ l ¡ : : t, i Þangertield islarltl I I I I I I Defense l¡rtellegen AgencY I J I i U.S. Navat Station D.C. Nursery i ¡ i Porrla; Point {1 ' - :tt, ' ¡ Bolling Airforce Base roSG 'oOt 'f ¿a9 r t,. C Naval Research u._ Lâboralory a Anâcc'slta PÐll a Blue Plains -. '- t. , 1 :lirj .iì 'i.. i l .i 'i l) ! t t- rl O¡on Þ.- Run i I tða y¡an4 Oxon Hill Farm (i¿ ()¡ ¡a 98¿, \ norürhound Photos 19 Érrough ?1 souüb$rrd phpÞ.f 16 *rotrlh, Itþ74 ß \-.' , Fort Slafl ?a& t, �3. ZONE III: INTERSTATE 295 The Interstate 295 zone under study is four miles in length and extends from the Suitland Parkway to the District of Columbia—Maryland/Prince George's Boundary. Of the three zones, it resembles the ideal green gateway the most. Most of the recommendations are made for the enhancement of dramatic views and existing vegetation. Additional recommendations are made for the standardization of freeway structures. 111-75 �Figure 111-26 INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #16 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #16 CONDITIONS: D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Effect: Plant evergreen and mixed deciduous trees to screen industrial and institutional facilities (see recommended plant list for Conditions D, G). This screening treatment would provide a green buffer between the corridor and visually objectionable adjacent land uses. It would create a uniform green background to the edges of the corridor and suggest a parkway like character. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Replace center guardrail with New Jersey barrier. Effect: New Jersey barrier would provide consistent center-lane treatment. III-77 �Figure 111-27 INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #17 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-78 �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #17 CONDITIONS: C. Natural Woodland F. Exit/Entry Ramps, Bridge Embankments Planting Recommendation: Effect: Integrate massed planting of evergreen and ornamental trees with existing vegetation behind stone retaining wall. Vary edge of existing vegetation. This would provide seasonal interest and would enhance the naturalistic appearance of the woodland. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommenda tion: Replace guardrail on western edge with stone-faced retaining wall. Effect: Use of the stone wall would be consistent with the parkway like character of this segment and would enrich the landscape character of the freeway. This would apply the uniform treatment used in similar conditions throughout the corridor. Recommendation: Replace old railing on bridge with proposed railing. Effect: The proposed railing would be a more attractive and consistent treatment of this condition. III-79 �Figure 111-28 INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #18 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-80 �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, SOUTHBOUND #18 CONDITIONS: C. Natural Woodland G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Plant massed evergreen and deciduous trees in center median (see recommended plant list for Condition G). Provide grass edge; vary width to contribute to the natural character. This naturalistic treatment would enhance the parkway like character of the freeway. Increased tree planting would reduce the mowing requirements. Effect: Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Restrict lighting to exit/entry ramps only. Replace existing fixtures with ornamental fixtures. This would establish a consistent lighting location and would highlight the exit/entry ramps. Ornamental fixtures would enhance the desired parkway like image. Effect: Fencing/Railing: Recommenda tion: Effect: Install recommended metal railing above guard wall. This would provide a consistent, unified design and treatment. Paving/Resurfacing: Recommendation: Install curbing between safety shoulder and grass edge. Effect: This would establish a clear definition between roadway and landscape edge. 111-81 �Figure 111-29 INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #19 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-82 �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #19 CONDITIONS: A. Arrival/Entry C. Natural Woodland G. Medians Planting Recommendation: Establish a sequence of planting and a unified entry planting and signage design in the median. Remove shrubs in center median. Provide grass edge; vary width to contribute to the natural character. Effect: A careful sequencing of the entry planting and signage would direct the motorists' attention to the signage. It would create a sense of arrival and an important first impression and image of the corridor. A naturalistic planting treatment would enhance the parkway like character of the freeway. Increased median planting would reduce the mowing requirements. Recommendation: Vary planting setback along roadway edge and combine new plant materials with existing planted edge. Effect: This would create a naturalistic edge and varied spatial sequence. Freeway Structures Lighting: Recommendation: Restrict lighting to entry ramp area only. Replace existing lighting with proposed ornamental fixtures adjacent to road. Effect: This would establish a consistent lighting location and would highlight the entry. Ornamental lighting fixtures would contribute to the parkway like character. Signage: Recommendation: Effect: Establish new ground plane signage adjacent to road. The special use of ground plane signage only at the entries would create an important sense of entry and a parkway like image. Signage adjacent to the road would result in an open uncluttered roadway. III-83 �Figure 111-30 INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #20 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment 111-84 �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #20 CONDITIONS: C. Natural Woodland D. Incompatible Adjacent Land Uses G. Medians Planting Recommendation: — Plant evergreen and deciduous trees in front of fence at western edge of roadway (see recommended plant list for Condition D; to be planted by Blue Plains Treatment Facility.) Effect: — Planting against the fence would make the fence less prominent and would integrate the fence into the parkway like environment. Recommendation: — Plant median with informally massed evergreen and deciduous trees (see recommended plant list for Condition G). Effect: — This would repeat the naturalistic character of the eastern edge and enhance the parkway like character of this segment. It would be an attractive treatment of the median. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: — Remove fence at eastern edge since there are no incompatible adjacent land uses. Effect: — This would integrate the road with the landscaped environment rather than separating the landscape from the road. Curbing: Recommendation: — Install a low roll curb between safety shoulder and lawn area throughout the corridor on eastern edge of roadway. Effect: — This would establish a defined edge treatment between the road and landscaped environment. 111-85 �Figure 111-31 INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #21 Existing Condition Proposed Treatment III-86 �DESIGN TREATMENT - INTERSTATE 295, NORTHBOUND #21 CONDITIONS: C. Natural Woodland E. Views/Vistas G. Medians Planting Recommenda tion: Effect: Recommendation: Effect: Cut back edges of existing woodland and develop naturalistic planting edge. Establish lawn edge of roadway shoulders. This would open the roadway corridor and dramatize distant views of the Capitol and monuments. Plant median with informally massed low shrubs. This would be an attractive treatment of the median and would help reduce glare of oncoming traffic at night. Low shrub planting would not block views of the monuments. Freeway Structures Fencing/Railing: Recommendation: Remove center lane guardrail. Install stone retaining wall. Effect: This would be an attractive and consistent treatment of center lane median. Maintenance Recommendation: Thin woodland edge. Effect: Maintenance of the woodland edge would healthy tree growth. III-87 promote �111-88 �IV. COST ESTIMATE �1 �IV. COST ESTIMATE A. SUMMARY The cost estimate for the Anacostia Freeway Corridor was developed on a cost per mile. This amount was multiplied by the number of miles in each zone and a cost per zone was developed. By adding the costs of each zone, a total cost for the corridor was determined. Items Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Total PLANTING LIGHT FIXTURES SIGNAGE: $604,320 105,000 143,000 $1,567,764 87,500 423,000 $3,510,540 150,000 6,000 $5,682,624 342,500 572,000 FENCING RAILING BARRIERS: New Jersey Stone Wall BRIDGE MAINTENANCE:* Painting & Sandblasting 126,720 1,410,750 468,864 1,975,200 570,240 187,000 1,165,824 3,572,950 480,000 1,074,480 480,000 Total Cost Total Cost per mile 1,074,480 59,670 54,000 19,800 133,470 $2,449,460 $5,650,808 $4,923,580 $13,023,848 $979,184 $1,510,911 $1,103,942 $1,217,182 *There may be other issues relative to maintenance, like road resurfacing and curbing, that have not been included in this estimate. IV-1 �I. ZONE I: KENILWORTH AVENUE Items Quantity Materials or Condition Unit Cost Total Cost 10,072 If* $60 If $604,320 Plant Material Total plant material* applied to 80% of Zone Lighting Remove & replace 42 ea 2,500 ea 105,000 Road level Overhead 10 ea 2 ea 300 ea 70,000 ea 3,000 140,000 Fencing Black vinyl 10,560 If 12 If 126,720 Railing Bridge: Remove and replace New Jersey Barrier Guardrail 4,950 If 13,200 If 85 If 75 If 420,750 990,000 Barriers New Jersey Barriers Stone Walls Bridge Maintenance Paint & Sand Blast 119,340 sf .50 sf 59,670 Signage Posts & Maintaining $2,449,460 Total Cost * Planting Material per 100 feet Unit Canopy Trees Evergreen Trees Shrubs Lawn/Ground Cover *lf = linear feet IV-2 Total Quantity Materials Cost 4 7 75 2,400 $240 ea 80 ea 35 ea 1 sf Cost $960 560 2,625 2,400 $6,545 �2. ZONE II: ANACOSTIA FREEWAY Items Quantity Materials or Condition Unit Cost Total Cost 14,652 $107 If $1,567,764 Plant Material Total Plant Material* apply to 75% of Zone Lighting Remove & replace 35 2,500 87,500 Road Level Overhead Signage 10 6 300 70,000 3,000 420,000 Signage Posts & Mounting Fencing Black vinyl 39,072 If 12 If 468,864 Railing Bridge New Jersy Barrier Guardrail 6,000 If 19,536 If 85 If 75 If 510,000 1,465,200 Barriers New Jersey Barriers Stone Wall 19,536 sf 55 If 1,074,480 Bridge Maintenance Paint & Sand Blast 108,000 sf .50 sf 54,000 • $5,650,808 Total Cost * Plant Material per 100 ft Unit Canopy Trees Flowering Trees Evergreen Trees Shrubs Groundcover (wildflowers, grass, bulbs, perennials) Total Quantity Materials Cost 2 2 8 30 8,000 sf Cost ea ea ea ea $480 160 976 1,050 1 sf 8,000 $240 80 122 35 $10,666 IV-3 �3. ZONE III: INTERSTATE 295 Items Materials or Condition Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost 17,820 197 $3,510,540 Plant Material Total Plant Material* applied to 75% of Zone Lighting Remove & replace 60 2,500 150,000 Signage Posts & Maintaining Overhead 20 300 6,000 Fencing Black vinyl chain link 47,520 If 12 If 570,240 Railing Bridge New Jersey Barrier Guardrail 2,200 If 85 If 187,000 Barriers New Jersey Barriers Stone Wall 15,000 sf 32 sf 480,000 Bridge Maintenance Paint & Sandblast 39,600 sf .50 sf 19,800 $4,923,580 Total Cost Zone 3 1-295 * Planting Material per 100 ft Unit Materials Total Quantity Canopy Trees Flowering Trees Evergreen Trees Ground Cover (grass, wildflowers, perennials, bulbs) Cost 3 5 5 $240 ea 80 ea 122 ea $720 400 610 18,000 sf 1 sf 18,000 $19,730 IV-4 �APPENDICES ��APPENDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY U.S. Department of Agriculture, Scenic Road: Basis for Its Planning, Design, ment, 1970. U.S. Department of Commerce, Programs for Scenic Roads and Parkways, Manage1966. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Visual Values for the Highway User, 1973. STATE, REGIONAL AND VICINITY PUBLICATIONS American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Highway and Operational Practices Related to Highway Safety, 1974. District of Columbia Department of Transportation, Plans of Proposed provements on the Freeway System, 1982. Design Guide Sign Im- District of Columbia Department of Transportation, Standard Specifications ways and Structures, 1974. for High- District of Columbia Department of Transportation, Supplemental Specifications, 1, 1981, to Standard Specifications for Highway and,Structures, 1974, 1 9 8 1 . June REFERENCE PUBLICATIONS Eckbo Dean Austin & Williams, Landscape Design Guide for Highways and Expressways, County of Santa Clara Department of Public Works, CA., 1970. Eckbo Dean Austin & Williams, Landscape Design Details and Specifications, Santa Clara Department of Public Works, CA., 1970. Halprin, Lawrence, Freeways, County of Reinhold Publishing Corporation, N.Y., 1966. Kerr, Kathleen, Cost Data for Landscape 1982. Construction, Kerr Associates, Inc., Minn., Lynch, Kevin, The Image of the City, M.l.T. Press, Cambridge, MA., 1960. Means, Robert Snow, Means Site Work Cost Data, 1982, Robert Snow Means pany, Inc., MA., 1982. Mumford, Lewis, The Urban Prospect, Whyte, William H., The Last Landscape, Com- Harcourt, Brace and World, N.Y., 1968. Doubleday & Company, Inc., N.Y., 1970. A-1 ��APPENDIX B AGENCIES CONTACTED District of Columbia Department of Transportation • Director Thomas M. Downs • Design Division Richard Allen, Acting Chief • Bureau of Design Engineering and Research Bernard Grace, Landscape Architect • Bureau of Traffic Engineering and Operations Seward E. Cross, Deputy Assistant Director • Office of Engineering Division Lewis E. Lantz III, Acting Chief • Street Light Planning and Design Section David L. Stoneburner, Head • Street Division John M. Stuart, Horticulturist • Tree Division Hans J. Johannsen, Chief A-2 ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anacostia freeway corridor enhancement study Subject The topic of the resource Neighborhoods Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River (Md. and Washington, D.C.) Roadside improvement--Maintenance and repair Corridors--Washington (D.C.) Description An account of the resource Prepared for District of Columbia Department of Transportation. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource EDAW Inc. EDAWinc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1963?] Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/204a6eaeace7caa5d0e8148d4fea4118.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Hn0PmDcD8DY8fkxPz5Jlb1Vh5%7EFAIRo33JOu6oRDPASJfzNfcyYzF0axpSA0Aerx9tbERNfLRUQuS-P2zjCVM7biWJFYJk9Ayrd4bmybhpgMTJxiE5ByXXp3cDv13%7EXm5stsmmgx%7EIj1LjblengfnGcT4bogqly3Wct9qiKzY5f-QOpfKmBKXTinT5MIdGDcUly1p55KlxzNPSKQzx-BcwsmrSb7lAdE7Q9jmURa-An8vzRsxZoZU8nmNmtk0ljJRS3z-gCKRz9ZxTloaG5OzpWv0b26qDfn4wFXYGw0XUjhdTLEvs9q0fW1OODj9eIFG2ivKqXuGgwIgR0RFtQlvA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 72f22af28a964f0d81994f90ff3ef0ef PDF Text Text Report on c4naco3tla district €ngineer£ng 3reewau o$ Columbia Studied & £jtimate3 December 1955 Baker-Wibberley, inc. CONSULTING Hagerstown, M d . ENGINEERS Baltimore, M d . �RETURN TO PUNNING RESEARCH SECTION OFFICE OF P A NN AMD PROGRAMMING LN I G DEPT. OF HIGHWAYS AMD TRAFFIC FILE NO: ��(Report on Jreeway, c4naco3tla district Cngineering, of) Columbia Studies & CjtimateJ December 1955 Baker-Wibberley, Inc. CONSULTING Hagerstown, M d . ENGINEERS Baltimore, M d . ��COMMISSIONERS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Samuel Spencer, Commissioner Thomas A. Lane, Engineer Commissioner, Brigadier General, Corps of Engineers, USA Robert E. McLaughlin, Commissioner DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA J. N. Robertson, Director In Cooperation W i t h BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ��ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company Department of Highways, District of Columbia Department of Sanitary Engineering, District of Columbia National Capital Parks, Department of Interior National Park Service, Department of Interior National Capital Planning Commission Office of the Assessor, District of Columbia Office of the Surveyor, District of Columbia Pennsylvania Railroad, Eastern Region United States A i r Force, Boiling Field U. S. Engineers, District of Columbia Office U. S. Naval A i r Station, Anacostia, D. C. U. S. Naval Research Laboratory ��BAKER-WIBBERLEY, CONSULTING INC. ENGINEERS GENERAL OFFICES 49 N. J O N A T H A N HAGERSTOWN, PHONE BRANCH ST. MD. November 21, 1955 OFFICE 6 E. M U L B E R R Y ST. B A L T I M O R E , MO. 1714 PLAZA 2 - 5 7 0 R E P L Y TO Hagerstown Board of Commissioners D i s t r i c t of Columbia D i s t r i c t Building Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: This report presents the f i n d i n g s and recommendations of t h i s f i r m , i n connection with the proposed Anacostia Freeway Agreement No. D.C.F. 776 dated November 18, 1954. This r e p o r t s e l e c t s a l o c a t i o n f o r the Anacostia Freeway t h a t w i l l serve the t r a f f i c demands of the area and y e t keep property damage, both p r i v a t e and p u b l i c , to a minimum. A prime c o n s i d e r a t i o n throughout the preparation of t h i s r e p o r t was t h a t of minimizing the i n t e r r u p t i o n of both community and m i l i t a r y a c t i v i t i e s . It is b e l i e v e d t h a t , i n so f a r as p o s s i b l e , t h i s has been accomplished. The importance of the Anacostia Freeway becomes r e a d i l y apparent when the o v e r a l l highway program of the D i s t r i c t of Columbia i s reviewed. Along with s e r v i n g the e x i s t i n g Anacostia R i v e r B r i d g e s , the Anacostia Freeway w i l l f a c i l i t a t e the proper functioning of the proposed Jones Point Bridge and the Inner Loop. The Anacostia Freeway w i l l a l s o serve as an important by-pass route i n the i n t e r s t a t e highway system. With the r a p i d l y i n c r e a s i n g v e h i c u l a r t r a f f i c volumes w i t h i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia and the e x i s t i n g t r a f f i c problems i n the A n a c o s t i a Area, there i s no doubt t h a t immediate a c t i o n should be taken to insure the r e t e n t i o n of the necessary rights-of-way, the p r e p a r a t i o n of c o n t r a c t p l a n s , and the e a r l y c o n s t r u c t i o n of the A n a c o s t i a Freeway. Yours very t r u l y , BAKER-WIBBERLEY, INC. HEW:dh OFFICE ��TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter of Transmittal Acknowledgements Introduction T r a f f i c Volume Studies Basis of Route Selection Description of Route Design Standards Soils and Foundation Right_of W a y Cost Estimates Summary Reconnaissance ��INDEX OF PLATES 1. Frontispiece-South Capitol St. Interchange II. Vicinity Map III. General Location M a p IV. Population Growth V. General T r a f f i c Flow M a p VI. Turning Movements VII. Present and Projected Bridge T r a f f i c VIII. Plan and Profile Sheets (4) IX. Typical Roadway Sections X. T y p i c a l Ramp Sections XI. Typical Bridge Elevations XII. T y p i c a l Bridge Details XIII. Structure - Oxon Run Bay ��\: { : É- q \ ,r* i \9# \*:- { 1 .l' í ') lt \ "s 'å. .ei rJ I I lr "*- .8, : 'f rì I ,1 r\ ;r lt l1 ; I .l i I il 1 .{ j ''j 'I I I$ j ¿ -1 1rJ-Ìq' { î{ I '+k*t Llì lx 'h þtå À.r it ¡i ¡, l.l i, d ;d Ìfl ì i/ ¡ ;r lËr, 's Fç fl ,gi i I li I Ft: åi tir lç, i lÌ- l'd: -t ì,'.r,, t t ,t r qbÊ ufii t ..'l { rl t I \* I il{T i b $ i. f T $ r¡ \" t{, ¡'. t w ,t ì \,I \ fr I r \ I t'.1 $l ,¡ -d# ñr 1l \J F h$ p{ i b \ q t \ \ t .t \ ì q 1, q{,tr ¡ u¡ o z I ¡ (J É t¡¡ F a = l¡â J o lÀ f\rt I I lÐ o vt �ffi5H5H525E5325H5H525H5HSH525Effi5H5H525E5E5^^ REPORT ON ANACOSTIA FREEWAY Introduction: T h i s report presents an engineering study of the traffic considerations, location, design criteria, geometries, right-of-way, and cost estimates of the proposed Anacostia Freeway from the East Capitol Street Bridge southward along the Anacostia River and the Potomac River, thence across the Oxon Run Bay to the District of Columbia-Maryland Line. For many years the construction of the Anacostia Freeway has been advocated by the National Capital Planning Commission and the District of Columbia Department of Highways. Construction on Kenilworth Avenue, which is the northernmost portion of the Anacostia Freeway, is nearing completion and has as its southern terminus the newly constructed Capitol Street Bridge. East Funds have also been appropriated for the long proposed Jones Point Bridge crossing of the Potomac River. T h e Jones Point Bridge cannot fully be utilized until the proposed Maryland Intercounty Belt Freeway, and the Anacostia Freeway have been completed. It appears that completion of the Maryland Intercounty Belt Freeway is in the somewhat distant future. Therefore, the construction of the Anacostia Freeway becomes of extreme importance at this time. Upon completion, the Anacostia Freeway will become a very important link in the interstate highway system by virtue of its connection to the south, via Jones Point Bridge to Shirley Highway and U. S. Route # 1 , and to the north, with the Washington-Annapolis Expressway and the Baltimore W a s h ington Parkway. T h u s the Freeway will serve as a by-pass Route for northsouth traffic not destined for downtown Washington. �However, the most important function of this facility will be that of distributing the heavy traffic volumes destined to and from interzone areas of Metropolitan Washington, over the Anacostia River Bridges. The procedure followed in studying the location of the Freeway consisted first of a review of all previously assembled data, maps and reports with representatives of the District Department of Highways. T h e entire project, extending from the East Capitol Street Bridge south to the District of Columbia Line, was then made the subject of very thorough field reconnaissance. Upon completion of the field reconnaissance, it was possible to determine upon a general route of the facility and through the use of aerial photography and photogrammetric mapping all culture and major topographic features, including ground contours, were obtained on the general route for the entire length of the project. T h e broad aspects of the problem were next analyzed in consideration of a plan of construction to insure the retention of all necessary rights-ofway and ultimate completion of the project in an orderly manner. In this instance, cognizance was given to population and traffic trends, community activities, right-of-way cost, and general economics of freeway location. Numerous conferences were held with the engineering staff of the District Highway Department in discussing such related problems as t r a f f i c , existing street and highway facilities, proposed facilities by both the District of Columbia and neighboring states, and in particular, connections with the proposed Jones Point, Potomac River crossing. In evaluating right-of-way cost and its effect on the location of the facility, the consultants were given access to all t a x records and all information previously compiled by the District Highway Department. �Basic traffic data were obtained from the Origin and Destination Survey included in the 1948 Washington Metropolitan A r e a Transportation Study conducted by the District of Columbia Department of Highways in cooperation with M a r y l a n d , Virginia and the Bureau of Public Roads. These were brought up-to-date by use of the current traffic volume information and trends supplied by the Planning Division of the District of Columbia Department of Highways. T h e up-to-date basic data were expanded taking into consideration development, normal growth and induced traffic to anticipate 1980 volumes, for use in design of the Freeway. T h e U. S. A r m y Engineers, U. S. A i r Force, T h e Pennsylvania Railroad, T h e Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and others concerned, were contacted and made aware of the location of the proposed freeway, and its effect upon their holdings or facilities. A l l individual problems, requirements, and requests were taken into consideration and a mutually satisfactory solution was derived. Field reconnaissance studies of stream, soil, and foundation conditions were made to determine what effect they may have on the economics of the location. Complete preliminary plans of the highway, bridges, grade seperations, interchanges, and connecting roads were then developed and estimated construction costs tabulated. Based upon the analysis of t r a f f i c , population trends, community growth, and topography as outlined above, a recommended location of the Anacostia Freeway was selected and will be described in detail hereinafter. ��ANACOSTIA FREEWAY VICINITY MAP BAKER-WIBBERLEY, INC. PLATE H ���TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDIES T r a f f i c within the Washington Metropolitan A r e a has increased to such an extent, during the past decade, as to create serious traffic congestion. T h e problem of moving people and commodities through this area has become increasingly acute and it has not been possible for highway improvements to keep pace with the increased vehicular traffic. A s a result, difficult traffic problems have arisen, the number of accidents has increased and serious economic losses have been experienced. T h e National Capital Planning Commission and the District of Columbia Department of Highways, have developed a master highway plan which includes a number of radial and arterial streets and highways, with inner and outer circumferential routes. These plans have been developed in conjunction with neighboring state highway programs. T h e Anacostia Freeway, which is the subject of this report, is part of the master highway plan developed by the above mentioned agencies. In considering the traffic service provided by the Anacostia Freeway and its future traffic potential, this report takes cognizance of the proposed Maryland Intercounty Belt Freeway, extending from the vicinity of Jones Point, northwardly through Prince Georges County, Maryland and circumferentially about the Washington Metropolitan A r e a . T h e southeastern quadrant of this proposed Maryland project, although roughly parallel to the Anacostia Freeway is considered too far removed to serve the same "by-pass" traffic as the Anacostia Freeway and, of course, has no bearing whatsoever on the prime function of the Freeway; that of distributing traffic over the Anacostia River Crossings. T r a f f i c congestion invariably follows population increases. Plate No. IV " P o p u l a t i o n Increase 1 9 4 0 - 1 9 8 0 " shows the population trend within the Anacostia A r e a and Prince Georges County, Maryland. It is noted that the increase between the years 1940 and 1950 approaches 3 0 0 % . It is estimated that by 1980, twenty-five years hence, the population will more �than double that of 1950. T h e rapid growth, as cited, within the general area to be served by this facility makes it necessary to take immediate steps to provide for a more efficient movement of traffic. Inasmuch as traffic volumes roughly parallel population trends, it can readily be seen that traffic will approximately double in the next twentyfive years. T h e report of the Washington Metropolitan A r e a Transportation Study completed by the District of Columbia, Maryland and V i r g i n i a , in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce in 1950, records traffic volumes, origins and destinations and consolidated desire lines for traffic for the entire Washington Metropolitan A r e a . T h i s information was completely analyzed and correlated with actual traffic counts in determining the traffic potential on the Anacostia Freeway. T h e results of the traffic studies conducted herein have been depicted on the traffic plates presented in this report. T h e present maximum average daily traffic on the Freeway would exceed 2 5 , 0 0 0 vehicles and the estimated 1980 maximum average daily traffic will exceed 5 0 , 0 0 0 vehicles. These figures have been arrived at by applying generated, development, and normal growth factors to current traffic volumes. For purposes of expanding traffic volumes, no fixed, overall factor may be applied to current traffic volumes due to the character of the traffic within the area. A s shown on plates V and V I , the volumes of traffic to be served by the Freeway will be of such magnitude that a four and six lane divided highway of controlled access design will be required. W e r e this facility constructed with intersections at grade, traffic back-up as a result of the cross and turning movements at each intersection would reduce the attractiveness of the facility to that of a local city street served by traffic lights. W i t h such a design, large volumes of traffic may use the facility efficiently and safely. In determining the points of ingress and egress to the Freeway, only those traffic movements of considerable magnitude have been presented for immediate consideration. �A s previously mentioned, the most important function of this facility will be that of distributing heavy traffic volumes over the Anacostia River Bridges. It then becomes apparent that the capacity of the several Anacostia River Bridges Freeway. has a direct bearing on the satisfactory functions of the Present t r a f f i c figures indicated that the South Capitol Street Bridge is now carrying traffic volumes equal to its design capacity (Plate V I I ) . Under normal traffic increases, noting the fact that any overflow traffic from the South Capitol Street Bridge will use the Eleventh Street Bridge, the Eleventh Street Bridge will also be overloaded in less than five (5) years hence. Inasmuch as the existing Eleventh Street Bridge is ideally located, both from a traffic and topographic standpoint, it appears most reasonable that additional bridge capacity should be provided at this location no later than 1959. T h i s additional Anacostia Bridge capacity is assumed in the assignment of traffic. Consideration was also given to the South Capitol Streeet Bridge which has now reached capacity, but which will be relieved when the Freeway is constructed. T h e revised traffic pattern was projected to 1980 and any excess over the possible capacity was assumed shunted from the turning traffic and moved along to the Eleventh Street Bridge. By studying the traffic projection it is found that a four lane divided highway is necessary, initially and ultimately from the connections at East Capitol Street to Pennsylvania Avenue. South of Pennsylvania Avenue to the South Capitol Street Interchange a six lane divided highway is necessary. South of this Interchange, present and future traffic volumes require only four lanes, however, if Fort Drive is connected, as proposed, six lanes may be required ultimately. T h e design should be such that extra lanes may be added if ever warranted. ��ANACOSTIA FREEWAY LEGEND (50) U.S. Highway Number POPULATION GROWTH ClU) S t a l e Highway Number j Anacostia Area [ I;"'' ) 1 Prince Georges County BAKER-WIBBERLEY, INC. PLATE 1SL �����BASIS OF ROUTE SELECTION T h e general location of the Anacostia Freeway from East Capitol Street Bridge south to the District of Columbia Line, in the vicinity of Oxon Run Bay, has been generally agreed upon by all agencies concerned for many years. T h i s general location roughly parallaled the Anacostia River from East Capitol Street to Overlook Avenue and thence, to the District of Columbia Line on a location that would be determined by the eastern approaches to the Jones Point Bridge. A l l available maps, including aerial photographs and photogrammetric plans were carefully catalogued and studied. In addition, specially prepared aerial photographs and photogrammetric plans were developed. On these maps and photographs a number of alternate locations considered feasible from a topographic and traffic standpoint were plotted. T h i s material was then presented to the Coordinating Committee of the National Capital Planning Commission, for study and approval. A f t e r numerous conferences with the Coordinating Committee, with particular attention being given to the effect of the Freeway upon adjacent Park Lands, a location mutually acceptable to the Coordinating Committee, the Bureau of Public Roads, the District Department of Highways and the Consultants was presented to the National Capital Planning Commission for review and approval. Route profiles were plotted for the Freeway to insure selection of a location which could be constructed with minimum grades and to determine control clearances at grade separation structures. T h e prime function of this report is to determine upon the exact location of the Anacostia Freeway. Five major considerations govern the selection of a feasible location for a freeway of the type reported on herein. These are population factors, traffic considerations, relationship to existing and proposed highways, right-of-way problems and topographical �conditions. T h e effect of these five factors as they control the location of the Anacostia Freeway will be discussed in detail herein. W i t h the adequate distribution of traffic over the Anacostia River Bridges being a prime consideration in the location of this freeway, it became desirable to locate the facility as near as possible to the several Anacostia River Bridges, so as not to require extensive rebuilding of existing approaches to these bridges. On the northern section of the Freeway, East Capitol Street to Suitland Parkway, Anacostia Park adjoins the river. On the eastern fringe of Anacostia Park is the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Shepherds Landing branch tracks, which is most vital and important to our national defense, because of the large military installations to the south and along the Anacostia River. East of the railroad is a dense commercial and residential development. Consideration of all factors in this area lead to the recommendation of locating through Anacostia Park with a minimum of damage to its extensive athletic and recreational facilities. In determining upon the location of the Anacostia Freeway south from Suitland Parkway to the end of Overlook Avenue, three factors govern the selection. These were (1) the utilization of present South Capitol Street and Overlook Avenue; dual lane facilities, (2) the military and naval installations along the Anacostia River and (3) the relatively rough terrain and poor foundation conditions. A f t e r study and consideration of all factors, the selection of the best location for the southern section of the Freeway was narrowed down to the approximate location of South Capitol Street and Overlook Avenue. It then became necessary to correlate the functions of these two dual highway facilities with the Freeway a n d , at the same time, not sacrifice the efficiency and safety of the Freeway. From the southern terminus of Overlook Avenue to the District of Columbia Line, the center line location was purely a matter of selecting a route that would align itself with the Jones Point Bridge interchange, respecting all right-of-way considerations and the future plans for other highway facilities and public utilities in the area. �DESCRIPTION OF ROUTE T h e following is a detailed description of the recommended centerline location of the Anacostia Freeway, connecting roads, interchange ramps, service roads and the utilization of existing facilities. T h e northen terminus of the Anacostia Freeway is at the intersection of East Capitol Street and Kenilworth Avenue. T h e Freeway extends southward along the easternmost portion of the Anacostia Park, past Pennsylvania Avenue, Nichols Avenue, and Eleventh Street to the Suitland Parkway near its intersection with South Capitol Street. From this point the Freeway parallels South Capitol Street to Overlook Avenue, thence parallel to Overlook Avenue passing through property of the Home for the Aged at Blue Plains; skirting the westernmost boundary of this institution and crossing Oxon Run Bay near its outlet to the Potomac River. A t this point the route crosses the District of Columbia Line and makes connection with the approaches to the proposed Jones Point Bridge. T h e route traverses mostly, National Capital Parks and District of Columbia owned properties, although some military, institutional and private property is involved. T h e roadways of the proposed Freeway connect to the current construction at East Capitol Street and form an extension of Kenilworth Avenue. T h e Freeway then continues southward through District of Columbia and National Park lands, crossing over the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad-Anacostia branch tracks, to roughly parrallel the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad-Shepherds Landing branch tracks. T h e Freeway is held close to the Railroad tracks and is so placed as to conserve as much park land as possible, and utilize the favorable foundation conditions. Approximately 1500 feet north of Pennsylvania Avenue the roadways bear into the park land and cross this major street approximately halfway between the Sousa Bridge and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad crossing. Interchange is provided for all major turning movements. T h e route then parallels and is adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks past the clubhouse of the Anacostia Park Golf Course and again bears into the park land near the Eleventh Street Bridge, to combine with a directional interchange. Provision is also made for approaches to a companion structure to the Eleventh Street Bridge over the Anacostia River. �From this point the roadways then bear over adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks through the present, but temporary, Naval Receiving Station; to cross Howard Road and Suitland Parkway between Firth Sterling Avenue and the present South Capitol Street intersection. Here the interchange of traffic is accomplished by a conventional clover leaf type design. From this point, the route lies east of and parallel to South Capitol Street as far as Overlook Avenue. Approximately 1000 feet north of Portland Street, due to unfavorable soil conditions, described in the soils chapter herein, the route is moved westwardly to avoid hillside excavation. T h i s necessitated shifting South Capitol Street westwardly into the lands occupied by the U. S. Naval A i r Station. T h e Freeway then occupies the area previously utilized by South Capitol Street at this point. T h e alignment then traverses the area east of the present Portland Street crossing of South Capitol Street and interchange connections are provided. T h e route then crosses South Capitol Street near its present intersection with Overlook Avenue. Interchange is provided at South Capitol Street. From this point southward the route parallels present Overlook Avenue with the southbound roadway of the Freeway occupying the area now used by the northbound roadway of Overlook Avenue. T h e southbound roadway of Overlook Avenue is retained as a service road to preserve the controlled access features of the Freeway. T h e roadways of the Freeway are separated by approximately 100 feet to provide for proposed, future, Fort Drive connection. Chesapeake Street is crossed east of its present intersection with Overlook Avenue. Here interchange is also provided. T h e route then parallels Overlook Avenue and a trumpet type interchange is provided opposite the main entrance to the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. T h i s interchange in addition to serving the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory with traffic to and from the south, also serves the Home for the Aged and a proposed Park Drive. From this interchange southward the route traverses the land between the Home for the Aged and the District of Columbia Sewage Treatment Plant, so as not to interfere with any future development, and thence, to cross Oxon Run Bay by a combination causeway and bridge to the Maryland-District of Columbia Line. �����DESIGN STANDARDS 1. Roadway T h e A m e r i c a n Association of State Highway Official's " Policy on Geometric Design of Rural Highways" of 1954 has been followed throughout in the planning of the Freeway. T h e Freeway is designed as a four and six lane divided highway with full control of access. T h e lane capacity is 1250 vehicles per lane of mixed traffic and all other capacity controls are based on the " H i g h w a y Capacity M a n u a l of the Highway Research Board of 1 9 5 0 " . T y p i c a l sections of the roadway are shown on Plate I X . T h e slopes as shown may vary where appearance would be improved or local soil conditions dictate. T h e cut slopes shall be benched where cuts are over 20 feet. Also where it is desired to conserve right-of-way, retaining walls will be used. Adjacent to the Anacostia River Bridge crossings, the Freeway is designed for a 50 miles per hour standard. Here interchanges are frequent and a higher speed is not desirable. From Suitland Parkway southward a design standard of 60 miles per hour was used. T h e desirable maximum degree of horizontal curvature is 3 degrees. Horizontal curves will not exceed 4 degrees 30 minutes, but this extreme will be used only where necessary in restricted areas. T h e minimum length of curves including transitions will be 5 0 0 feet. There will be sufficient tangent to enable the full runoff of superelevation between curves. T h e maximum upgrade does not exceed 4 % with a maximum downgrade of 6 % . T h e minimum grade shall be 0 . 5 % . T h e profile grade line shall not be less than 2 feet above the highest recorded flood waters. T h i s is equivalent to an elevation of 14 feet above mean sea level. T h e highest water ever recorded was in 1889, which was 12 feet above mean sea level. �Curves that have the same profile grades for either roadway and a median width of 16 feet or 40 feet will be superelevated by revolving the pavement about the inside (median) edge of the roadway. M a x i m u m superelevation will be .06 per foot. Curves that have separate roadway profile grades or individual alignment for each roadway will be superelevated by revolving the pavement about the centerline of the roadway. II. STRUCTURES A l l highway, drainage or other structures incidental to the construction and/or use of the proposed Anacostia Freeway shall be designed in accordance with the pertinent requirements of the American Association of State Highway Officials Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. Where structures cross city streets, park roads and railroads, the layout and design of such structures shall further conform to the requirments of the owning or governing agencies. T h e typical geometry and details of all structures are to be as shown on Plates X I and X I I and as specified herein. A l l details presented in this report are in conformity with the good practice requirements for structure clearances outlined in " A Policy on Geometric Design of Rural H i g h w a y s " , dated 1954 and adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials. T h e typical side slopes for all earth embankments are shown on Plate I X elsewhere in this report. However, where the geometric design of any structure is dependent upon the shape of adjacent embankments such design shall in general be based upon a uniform earth side slope of 2:1 at the location of the structure. It is not the intent of this report to specify the percise type of structure to be used at a given location in this project. Each structure is an individual problem and must be considered as such in the final analysis. However, it has �5H25H52SHSEE5HSE5E5H52EW52525252525S^^ been the general policy in planning the structures for this project to specify solid abutment type bridges for all grade separation structures, where the road passing beneath the structure may be considered to be a primary road. W h e r e the lower road may be classed as secondary, or where the structure passes over a railroad, the type of structure to be used shall be dependent on the relative cost of the types involved. Wherever feasible open deck girder type structures are to be used with steel or concrete beams supporting the concrete roadway slab. T h e keynote of all architectural treatment for the structures in this project is simplicity. Each structure is expected to blend with the highway and become a harmonious part of the surrounding terrain. In general, all exposed surfaces of the retaining walls, piers, and abutments are to be stone faced, such stone work being made an integral part of the structure. W h e r e the location of any given structure falls within a relatively uncurved portion of the highway, the sidewalk railing shall be as open and unobsructing to view as strength requirements will permit. For sharply curved ramp structures and for other structures whereon greater safety is considered necessary, a solid concrete parapet approximately sixteen inches high surmounted by a metal rail will be provided adjacent to the sidewalk as shown on the typical ramp structure section on Plate X I I . III. Interchanges T h e typical section of the ramps are shown on Plate X . For single lane ramps the roadway will be 18 feet with 114 foot curb and gutter on either side. T h i s width will enable traffic to proceed past a stalled vehicle. For two lane operation of the ramps the width will be 24 feet with 1 Vi foot curb and gutter on either side. �In no case will the curvature of any ramp be such that a speed less than 20 miles per hour cannot be maintained. For large radius curves the probable operating speed will be the design factor for the ramp. T h e ramps will be designed to obtain safe travel considering the effects of deceleration and acceleration, and will be of such radii as will fit the area available. T h e maximum upgrade will be 4 % and the maximum downgrade 6 % . T h e sight distances will be as long as practical, but in all cases shall be in conformity with the design speed. The rate of superelevation following formula: for curves shall be computed by the S + F = 0.067 V 2 R Where S = F = Rate of superelevation in feet per foot T i r e friction varying from 0.20 @ 20 M P H to 0.16 @ 50 M P H . R = Radius of curve in feet. V = Design speed in mph. T h e maximum rate of superelevation shall not exceed 3/4 inch per foot. T h e minimum rate of superelevation shall not be less than 3/16 inch per foot except in transitions. In all cases when interchange ramps connect to the Freeway, acceleration and deceleration lanes will be provided in accordance with the aforementioned American Association of State Highway Officials Policy Figs. VI1-18, VI1-20. W h e r e interchange ramps connect to the existing roadways, acceleration and deceleration lanes will be provided where feasible. IV Drainage and Landscaping Surface drainage shall be accomplished by slopes and lateral ditches connected to suitable cross pipes by inlets or connections to outfall storm water sewers. Ditches will be sodded except when the velocity is sufficient to cause scour and necessitate paving. �!5a5253HSH525H5H5H5HSES2HH52S252S^^ Side slopes will be sodded or seeded with berm ditches at the top of cut slopes and benched when required. Cross drainage will be accomplished by culverts with headwalls. T h e slopes will be flattened or steepened to present a pleasing appearance to blend with the natural surroundings. Shrubbery will be planted in the median of the curbed section and in interchange areas to prevent headlight glare. Shrubbery will also be used as screening along the right-of-way. V. Lighting A study of accident statistics point out the fact that night driving is more hazardous than day driving. Lighting will not eliminate all of the hazards of night driving but increased visibility will reduce these hazards to a minimum. Every section of the Freeway cannot be treated in the same manner, but the following is reccomended as a guide. A n y long underpass structure should be clearly visible to the aproaching driver and lighted throughout, to show any vehicular obstruction. T h e wide median section, which is used in the southern section need not be lighted as there are no abrupt changes in grade or alignment. However, the interchange ramps, here as well as elsewhere, should be lighted to show location and direction. T h e narrow median section which is used in the northern section, with its numerous interchange connections, should be lighted to encourage lowbeam driving to lessen headlight glare. T h e design should adhere to the Illuminating Engineering Society publication, " A m e r i c a n Standard Practice for Street and Highway L i g h t i n g " . T h e types recommended are the mercury vapor luminaires for the main line with a study of flourescent luminaires for ramps, so as to have a contrast with said main line. T o eliminate glare, flourescent luminaires should be used in the underpasses that need lighting. T h e standards or poles should in general conform to the types used in the vicinity. ���ANACOSTIA FREEWAY TYPICAL RAMP SECTION BAKER-WIBBERLEY, INC. PLATE X �����52ESHSHK52E5H5HSHSE52S2SE525SE^^ SOILS AND FOUNDATION RECONNAISSANCE T h e purpose of this Soil and Foundation Reconnaissance is to furnish as much information regarding sub-surface conditions along the route of the proposed Anacostia Freeway as is available from previous Engineering and Geological studies, supplemented by field observations. Information was obtained from the various publications of the United States Geological Survey and the State of Maryland Department of Geology, Mines and Water Resources, from boring data performed for various structures adjacent to the proposed Freeway, from individual contacts with persons in the U.S. Corps of Engineers and the District of Columbia Engineering Department, and from field reconnaissance over the entire line. T h e area traversed by the Freeway, following roughly the east shoreline of the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers, lies entirely within the coastal plain province. A s a result, the soils are all of sedimentary origin and range from highly plastic clays to sand and gravel, and from the ancient sediments of the Potomac Formations to recent fill. Since in this area the surface of the bedrock lies between 400 feet and 500 feet below sea level, the presence of rock is of no consideration either in the design of structure foundations or cut slopes. For purposes of presenting the information, the Freeway will be divided into three sections according to the predominant features which exist in each. These three sections, from north to south, are as follows: SECTION 1 - East Capitol Street to Firth Sterling Avenue. S E C T I O N 2 - Firth Sterling Avenue to Naval Research Laboratory Entrance. S E C T I O N 3 - Naval Research Laboratory Entrance to Oxon Run Bay. �Section 1 - East Capitol Street to Firth Sterling Avenue Section 1 of the Freeway lies in an area of generally flat topography, where the proposed line follows the low land which lies to the east of the Anacostia River. T h e profile grade line for this section indicates that the Freeway, for the most part, lies above the existing ground line, to keep above the flood waters of the Anacostia River as well to meet clearance requirements of the various grade separation structures. T h e soils in this area range from compact sand, gravel, and clay to mud, muck, and fill consisting of city refuse. > It was found desirable to keep the line of the Freeway within the original shoreline of the river and as close to the railroad as possible with due regard for other considerations. Piles will probably be required for all structures with the possible exception in the vicinity of Suitland Parkway, where the soils may permit the use of spread footings. Section 2 - Firth Sterling Avenue to Naval Research Laboratory Entrance In Section 2 of the Freeway the topography becomes quite rough, with a major portion of the line following the side hill cuts of South Capitol Street and Overlook Avenue. T h e soils in this area consist of the granular materials, principally sand and gravel with some silt of the river terrace deposits, on top of the varicolored clay of the Potomac formations. Because of the low permeability of the clay, ground water which passes through the granular strata, flows along the top surface of the clay and seeps out along the face of the cut at the clay-sand interface. T h i s water, saturating the soil and pavement sub-base along the bottom of the cut, flows along the edge of the existing pavement of South Capitol Street to storm drains where it is carried off. In Section 2 of the proposed Freeway the most serious problem lies in the poor stability characteristics of the materials composing the hill along which the line of the Freeway runs. T h e poor stability characteristics are �caused by the presence of the ground water and the stratigraphic relationships of the materials. Elimination of the ground water problem will serve to increase the stability of the materials and enable the soils to stand on a reasonable back slope. T o determine the feasibility of this approach a thorough and comprehensive program of borings and testing will be required. Should conditions prove to be favorable, the use of horizontal drains or other devices for intercepting and lowering the water table may be used advantageously at many places. Special attention should be given to drainage of the roadway base and subgrade in this section where the subgrade is clay. T h i c k bases of free draining granular materials will be required to insure satisfactory pavement performance. Section 3 - Naval Reseach Laboratory Entrance to Oxon Run Bay In Section 3 of the Freeway the alignment passes again into the flat topography of the river flood plain. T h e profile shows that the roadway is in shallow fill for almost the entire length of the section. Field examination of the soils as well as reference to the Geologic Map indicates that sand, gravel and silt will be encountered except for the area covered by the Oxon Run Bay sanitary land fill. These materials will form a good base for the embankment as well as be suitable in many places for granular base and sub-base. In this area the ground water table will be found fairly close to the surface, probably ranging between 5 and 15 feet in depth. Just north of Oxon Run Bay the District of Columbia is operating a sanitary land fill in the low area along Oxon Run Bay and the Potomac River. Fill material consists of tin cans, sewage sludge, fly a s h , cinders and other materials of low stability and bearing value. Should borings disclose a considerable depth of unsuitable material, resort to some method of accelerated consolidation or displacement may be necessary while a shallow depth may be more economically removed and refilled. It will be desirable that the existing sanitary fill material be removed and replaced with suitable embankment material. �RIGHT-OF-WAY T h e t a x records of the District of Columbia Assessors office have been to develope the estimated right-of-way costs. Proximity damage has not been taken into account, thus the figures show tangible values only. For the purpose of this estimate an entire lot or parcel would be considered taken even if right-of-way area required only a portion. RIGHTS-OF-WAY Part 1 - East Capitol Street to Pennsylvania Avenue Privately owned $ 69,520 lands Privately owned improvements $220,510 Part 2 - Pennsylvania Avenue to Eleventh Street Privately owned lands $ 27,850 Privately owned improvements $ 31,640 Part 3 - East of Railroad at Eleventh Street Privately owned lands $514,800 Privately owned improvements $441,040 Part 4 - Eleventh Street to Suitland Parkway Privately owned lands $428,710 Privately owned improvements $733,330 Part 5 - Suitland Parkway to Oxon Run Bay Privately owned lands $ 32,220 Privately owned improvements $ 37,480 S U M M A R Y OF COSTS Privately owned lands $1,073,000 Privately owned improvements $1,464,000 TOTAL $2,537,000 �CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATE COST OF ROADWAY T h e average unit prices current in this area are used as a basis for the following cost estimate. Item Clearing and Grubbing Quantity Unit Price Total 2 1 6 acres 500.00 108,000 7 9 0 , 0 0 0 cu.yd. 1.00 790,000 1,870,000 cu.yd. 0.60 1,122,000 Pavement 3 5 6 , 2 0 0 sq.yd. 5.00 1,781,000 Selected sub-base material 3 0 5 , 0 0 0 cu.yd. 2.50 762,500 Concrete curb and gutter 7 5 , 0 0 0 lin.ft. 1.80 135,000 Bit. stabalized shoulders 7 8 , 8 0 0 sq.yd. 1.25 98,500 Guard Rail 3 2 , 0 0 0 lin.ft. 2.50 80,000 Right-of-way fence 3 2 , 0 0 0 lin.ft. 1.50 48,000 Excavation Borrow Material Landscaping, seeding, ect. 6.8 mi. 50,000.00 340,000 Drainage 6.8 mi. 100,000.00 680,000 15.00 69,000 20,000.00 78,000 Railroad relocation Lighting Maintenance of T r a f f i c Public Utilities 4 , 6 0 0 lin.ft. 3.9 mi. Lump Sum Lump Sum Total for Roadway 18,000 46,000 $6,156,000 �COST OF STRUCTURES Cost Structure & Location No. 1 Bridge - Ramp " B " over East Capitol St. 2 Bridge - Over Pennsylvania R.R. yard 3 Bridge - Over Pennsylvania Avenue 4 Pedestrian Overpass at Station 5 Bridge - Over Ramp 7, 11th St. Interchange 184,500 6 Bridge - W . B. 11th St. over Freeway 178,500 7 Bridge - E. B. 1 1th St. over Freeway 194,000 8 Bridge - Ramp 10 over Nichols A v e . , 11th St. 9 Bridge - Ramp 10 over B & 0 R.R., 11th St. 172,900 10 Bridge - Over Howard Rd. 379,600 11 Bridge - Over Suitland Parkway 597,600 12 Bridge - W . B . Suitland Pkwy under Park Rd. conn. 110,100 13 Bridge - E.B. Suitland Pkwy under S. Capitol St. 14 Bridge - Over Firth Sterling Ave. 15 Bridge -Over B & 0 R.R. (Station 188 16 Bridge - Over Portland St. 281,200 17 Bridge - S. Capitol St. over Ramp 2 2 147,600 18 Bridge - Over S. Capitol St. 484,300 19 Bridge - Over Chesapeake St. 177,900 20 Bridge - Over Nav. Res. Lab. entrance road 188,500 21 Bridge - Over Oxon Run Bay 516,600 $ 291,100 2,433,400 550,200 113± 70,200 70,000 85,000 342,700 ±) 952,900 Misc. Retaining W a l l s adjacent to Structures 1 and 5; at Stations 180 ± and 200 ± ; and at S. Capitol St. Interchange. 523,200 T O T A L FOR S T R U C T U R E S $ 8,942,000 �!5HSEKS3ffi2S2W5S52S25E5HSE5H555a52525H^ C O N S T R U C T I O N COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY Roadway Structures $ 6,156,000 8,942,000 15,098,000 15% Engineering and Contingencies Total Construction cost Right-of-way T O T A L PROJECT COST 2,265,000 $17,363,000 2,537,000 $19,900,000 �SUMMARY During the past decade the Washington Metropolitan A r e a has expanded to such an extent, in both area and population, that the present highway facilities can no longer accommodate the resulting increases in traffic volumes. T h i s fact, coupled with the ever increasing through traffic volumes, has resulted in critical traffic problems. One of the most rapidly expanding areas within the Washington Metropolitan A r e a is the Anacostia A r e a and neighboring Prince Georges County, Maryland. T h e population of these areas has increased nearly 300% since 1940. There are also numerous military installations and governmental offices located within the a r e a , thus adding considerably to the daily traffic volumes crossing the Anacostia River. T h e Anacostia River is crossed at the present time by five bridges, namely, the Benning Road Bridge, East Capitol Street Bridge, Sousa Bridge, Anacostia Bridge and South Capitol Street Bridge. From the East Capitol Street Bridge south to the South Capitol Street Bridge, there is no highway facility to effectively distribute the heavy traffic volumes over the Anacostia River Bridges, destined to and from central Washington, resulting in poor utilization of the existing bridge facilities. Expansion of present traffic volumes further indicate that by 1959 a companion bridge to the Anacostia Bridge will be necessary in order to adequately accommodate the traffic volumes at that time. T h e prompt consideration of this companion structure cannot be over emphasized. It must also be pointed out that the Anacostia Freeway will effectively serve that traffic desiring to by-pass central Washington, upon the completion of the Potomac River Crossing at Jones Point. Plans for the Jones Point Bridge are already in progress and the southern portion, at least, of the Anacostia Freeway should be constructed concurrently with that structure. The location of the Anacostia Freeway presented in this report is considered entirely feasible from a topographic, traffic and economic standpoint. T h e design as presented herein is a modern controlled access �freeway, containing four and six lanes as traffic dictates. It is recommended that the location, design criteria and geometries be approved by the Commissioners of the District of Columbia in order that the preparation of contract plans may be started immeadiately and that actual construction be started at the earliest possible date. T h e Anacostia Freeway as presented in this report has an overall centerline length of 8.2 miles. T h i s centerline length is comprised of 1.4 miles of bridges and 6.8 miles of roadway; 6.6 miles of ramp roadways are required to insure adequate connection to the facility. T h e estimated total construction cost of $ 1 7 , 3 6 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 , is based upon actual 1955 construction costs within the general area of the project. It must be noted that due to the nature of the project, the type terrain traversed and the many bridges and grade separations necessary for the proper functioning of the facility, construction cost will of necessity be high. However, economic justification of the project is in the fact that the facility is urgently needed in order that the present and planned highway facilities, in the a r e a , may function properly and to their best advantage. T h e location of the Anacostia Freeway as delineated herein traverses, for the most part, publicly owned property. T h e majority of the privately owned property encountered is in the vicinity of Suitland Parkway. T h e estimated cost for the acquisition of property for right-of-way purposes is $ 2 , 5 3 7 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 , or approximately 13% of the total construction cost of the project. A t the present time, the right-of-way cost on this project is not a serious consideration, however, should the right-of-way as delineated herein not be protected by early transfer or purchase, serious problems could arise. It is therefore, recommended that the Commissioners of the District of Columbia take the necessary steps to protect all required rights-of-way in connection with the Anacostia Freeway as soon as possible. ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Report on Anacostia freeway : engineering studies and estimates Subject The topic of the resource Neighborhoods Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River (Md. and Washington, D.C.) Roadside improvement--Maintenance and repair Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Baker-Wibberley, Inc. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 1955 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Description An account of the resource Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f0165d786c1eed06786fce2461eb8733.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=v6z4Go0F3yQKc4kmYdkFxQh%7ERX6helVafc7qutXThKloaN2e9cjy6q-wdOs47qAZAVZVvt1qDKfGqC%7E7UcQNaKUMwG1BjzIMPiL4Np7sUIR4OPekr7lNTbtrNZ2QwI1NWiUb0EluZ5E8as%7Ezt6guIWGiMAaWGKFLC9o-ox0isBb%7EKYtzGPUix6e2g%7ERx8OF8cz7UySw-0SAUyZgv14gA6IALtuKdEBXnnhtEy4Xq0wFKCQhwJjLQnYoGgQ0qt4p50jsNeoF8lBCFRQnldnYopRmygJQuC83z7hA2oRf9Q8vRtRCF1kIfloldDkPuHN-X5VfOTX2RN2RnyqbqM3bKrw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 005efdb362c24b0ec75189628e6ebfe3 PDF Text Text BOLLING ANACOSTIA MASTER PLAN Washington, D.C. ��BOLLING ANACOSTIA MASTER PLAN Washington, D.C. KEYES, LETHBRIDGE & CONDON, ARCHITECTS AND PLANNERS SASAKI, DAWSON, DEMAY ASSOCIATES, INC., LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS JUNE 1972 ����CONTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS INTRODUCTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PLANNING CONCEPTS History and Existing Conditions Base Loading Land Use Circulation, Parking and Transportation Grading Concepts Flood Protection Soils and Foundations Utility Distribution Concepts Landscape Concept Facility Requirements Staging and F Y - 72 Items Housing Schools Open Space, Parks and Recreation Architectural Character Environmental Impact 9 21 21 24 33 33 35 40 51 51 52 59 59 60 69 73 LANDSCAPE D E V E L O P M E N T Existing Landscape Character Landscape Concepts Technical Information 79 79 102 SUPPORTING DATA Building Index Appendix I Appendix I I Appendix I I I Bibliography Credits 112 116 136 156 162 167 ��ILLUSTRATIONS A e r i a l View - T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area Plan View of Site INTRODUCTION & RECOMMENDATIONS A e r i a l View of North Community and Industrial/ Technical Area 6 PLANNING CONCEPTS: Community Context Circulation Plan Open Space and Military Reservations Site Analysis Water's Edge Existing and Proposed Conditions Existing and Proposed Major Utilities Soil Analysis Settlement Profiles Component Site Areas Diagram Land Use Diagram Circulation Diagram Illustrative Site Plan Settlement v. F i l l Height Diagram Site Grading Concepts Site Utilities Concepts Staging Chart North Housing Area Alternate Plan Axonometric - Industrial/Technical Area Base Development Plan Typical Housing Cluster Lineal Park Sections Pedestrian Way Sections View and Vista Analysis Open Space Diagram Landscape Concept - Housing View of Shopping Area View of Overpass at Shopping Area View of Industrial/Technical Area A e r i a l View of Site 12 13 14 15 15 17 17 19 19 23 27 29 31 36 47 49 52 54 55 57 61 63 64 65 65 67 68 71 72 76 �LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT Landscape Treatment - Spine Road Road Section at Duncan Avenue Road Section in Housing Area Service Road - T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area Landscape Edges at Parking Areas Lineal Park Concept Family Recreation Center Overlook at Lineal Park Typical Pedestrian Way Berm Planting - Pedestrian Way External Service Road - Mall Area Landscape Treatment - Major Mall Axis View of T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area Landscape Treatment - Music Building Area Landscape Concept Plan 82 83 84 85 88 90 91 92 94 95 97 99 98 99 107 SUPPORTING DATA Axonopnetric - T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area and Community Center 111 Building Index Plan 103 Future External T r i p s Table 138 Peak Hour Volume Distribution Table 139 Alternate Employee T r i p Distribution Diagram 140 Existing Peak Hour - Traffic Diagram 141 Generated Volumes on External Road System Diagram 143 Critical Movement Tabulation 144-153 Site Preparation and Demolition Schedule 156-159 �Section One INTRODUCTION & RECOMMENDATIONS ��INTRODUCTION The Bolling/Anacostia Tract of approximately 1,000 acres has been subjected to much fragmentary planning since it was first used as an airfield in 1917. There have been master plans prepared for Boiling A i r Force Base, for the Naval A i r Station and for the neighboring Naval Research Laboratory. At one time, the Department of Defense indicated that it did not need the entire tract, and the National Capital Planning Commission proposed use of a portion for urban renewal. Plans were prepared for this use as well. In mid 1971, however, a regional Master Plan for Navy Department facilities documented the need and desire for retention of the entire Bolling/Anacostia tract by the Department of Defense. A few months later, the overall Department of Defense Facilities Master Plan for the National Capital Region confirmed the need for retention of the entire tract, and incorporated the Navy Department proposals for its utilization. This regional plan (DOD/NCR Plan) was approved by the Secretary of Defense on 18 June 1971. In his letter of transmittal to the President, the Secretary pointed out the need for continued retention of the entire Bolling/Anacostia tract to satisfy the regional facilities deficiencies of his Department. The Plan designated this location as a Special Federal Employment Center to include administrative, medical, research, light industrial, housing and personnel support functions. On 6 January 1972, the National Capital Planning Commission approved the DOD/NCR Plan in general, but deferred recommendation of the Bolling/Anacostia Tract until it could review a detailed Master Plan. Presented here is a Master Plan for joint military use of the entire Bolling/Anacostia Tract. The Chesapeake Division of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command served as contracting agency. Planners for the project were Keyes, Lethbridge and Condon, Architects, in association with Sasaki, Dawson, DeMay Associates, Inc. Additional consultants have included Alan M. Voorhees & Associates, Inc. , for traffic and transportation, David Volkert & Associates for civil engineering and utilities, Gladstone Associates, economic consultants, and George Schermer, community affairs consultants. Throughout the planning process, close contact has been maintained with Headquarters Command, USAF, at Boiling A i r Force Base. Partner-in-charge has been Francis D. Lethbridge, FAIA; project manager for the planning team was Colden Florance, AIA, of K L C . Project manager for the CHESDIVNAVFAC was Robert Ramer and W. E . Fischer represented HQ Command, USAF. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS The following points constitute the major recommendations contained within this r e port. These points are discussed at length in the body of the report but are extracted �here in the interest of convenience, clarity and emphasis: 1. The entire Bolling/Anacostia Tract should be planned as a single jointly-used, multi-purpose military facility. 2. Basic support and administrative needs should be given first priority. 3. Military family housing should be given second priority and provided to meet the area wide housing deficit only after satisfaction of a l l basic working requirements. 4. Relationships with the community in terms of employment opportunity, traffic impact and school considerations should be carefully studied. Close cooperation with District officials must be maintained on a continuous basis. 5. The water's edge should be developed as a park and recreational facility serving as a recreation resource for its entire length. 6. The present flood control levee should remain intact but no new building construction should be undertaken at an elevation lower than 16. 5' (Boiling A i r Force Datum). No major road construction should occur below elevation 14. 5'. 7. An earth fill program should be instituted as soon as possible to meet the planned grade requirements. The effect of earth settlement should be clearly recognized. Design elevations should strive for the minimum f i l l necessary to provide acceptable surface run-off. The most economical balance must be struck between amount of fill and extent of underground drainage piping. 8. Access to the site should occur at three major points. These are Firth Sterling Street, Portland Street and the combination of Chesapeake Street and the Naval Research Laboratory interchange with 1-295. 9. The south Capitol Street Corridor and the 1-295 freeway system should be upgraded to handle ultimate vehicle demands. Interchange design should encourage the use of the Firth Sterling and N R L access points while reducing the use of the Portland Street entry. 10. Defense Office Building access should be confined to a separate ramp system. 11. Basic traffic circulation should be organized around a four-lane spine road running north-south from F i r t h Sterling Street to the interchange at the Naval Research Laboratory. This spine road should play a key role in defining major land use organization. 4 �12. Excessive land area should not be devoted to parking. Instead, structured parking should be provided on a staged basis as growth develops. This parking should relate well to the spine road, basic land use areas and byvirtue of proper landscape treatment, should act as a buffer between areas of different use. 13. A clear pedestrian and bicycle circulation system should be developed which minimizes street crossings and affords access to a l l major site areas including the two elementary schools. 14. Major city and regional truck sewers run through the tract and new ones are proposed. Easements for these lines should be located in conformance with the plan in order to encourage plan development. 15. Wherever possible, existing storm drain lines should be utilized. The condition of these lines should be determined through field investigation. 16. Landscape design concepts should reinforce the basic Master Plan and should be responsive to the basic ecology of the site with its lengthy river frontage. Within economic restraints, environmental considerations should dominate. 17. The proposed Master Plan is based on presently conceived base facility requirements which are satisfied in the various land use areas of the plan. Flexibility should be provided as needs change with new developments. Within the principal areas of the plan, such flexibility should be retained. 18. No provision has been made for the long term retention of the executive helicopter squadron. It is anticipated that this facility will operate from another location in the future. 19. Two elementary schools and one secondary school are proposed. The elementary schools should serve immediate residential neighborhoods and be the nuclei of neighborhood centers. The secondary school should serve as an interface between the base and the community at large, serving both. 20. Joint military construction programming for Bolling/Anacostia should make use of the existing structures by the water's edge at the old Naval A i r Station as a relocation resource. Activities should be moved here from structures to be demolished to be demolished until construction of replacement facilities. These existing buildings should be the last to be removed. 21. The DOD should actively seek a Metro connection to Bolling/Anacostia. 5 �AERIAL VIEW OF NORTH COMMUNITY AND INDUSTRIAL/TECHNICAL AREA �Section Two PLANNING CONCEPTS History & Existing Conditions Base Loading Land Use Circulation, Parking & Transportation Grading Concepts Flood Protection Soils & Foundations Utility Distribution Concepts Landscape Concepts Facility Requirements Staging Housing Schools Open Space, Parks & Recreation Architectural Character Environmental Impact 9 21 21 24 33 33 35 40 51 51 52 59 59 60 69 73 ��HISTORY & EXISTING CONDITIONS The Bolling/Anacostia site is located in southeastern Washington at the confluence of the Potomac and Anacostia Rivers. It has approximately three miles of shoreline and is contiguous with the South Capitol Street / 1-295 Corridor along its eastern boundary. It is bordered on the south by the Naval Research Laboratory and the Bellevue Naval Defense Housing Project. Further to the south is the Blue Plains Sewerage Treatment Plant, which accounts for the presence of a number of major trunk sewers on the site. The surrounding area is a less prosperous part of the city with a disproportionate share of social and urban i l l s . There are an excessive number of small apartment dwellings, public housing units and abandoned housing. Considerable area is devoted to public institutions such as St. Elizabeth's Hospital, but employment opportunities in Anacostia are generally inadequate as are commercial and service facilities. The Bolling/Anacostia site is a low-lying area much of which is filled ground. It is flat and difficult to drain. The soil is of generally poor structural quality requiring special foundation design for a l l but the lightest building loads. The site is cut off from the rest of the Anacostia community by the South Capitol Street Corridor and by a rugged grade change climbing to elevations of 100 feet above the Base. Penetration into the Anacostia community occurs on the north at Firth Sterling Street, in the middle at Portland Street and on the south at Chesapeake Street. Across the Potomac River to the west is National Airport. An approach zone crosses Bolling/Anacostia from the southeastern end. Consequently, the site is subjected to substantial periodic aircraft noise. The principal current use is the Boiling A i r Force Base to the south. A i r Force administrative functions, troop housing and messing, family housing, commissary exchange - dispensary facilities, service clubs and recreational facilities comprise the base function. There is also a considerable amount of senior officer housing located on higher ground by South Capitol Street. There are a number of good buildings organized in general accordance with the Kling Master Plan prepared in 1965. Chief among these are family housing, a dormitory, a mess hall, a dispensary, a bowling alley, an airmen's club and a utility structure. To the north, is the old Anacostia Naval A i r Station where H M X - 1 , the President's helicopter squadron, is located. Various other naval activities including the Naval Photographic Center, limited officer housing and messing facilities, etc. , are also located on the north portion of the site. Building groups are either at the water's edge by the mouth of the Anacostia or are close against South Capitol Street. The center of the site is occupied by old runways. Buildings here are in poor condition �with the exception of the Naval Photographic Center. Only the present HMX hangar, a large barracks building, a warehouse and a BOQ have useful life remaining. Between these two areas, there is planned a large Department of Defense office structure, housing 10, 000 employees in three curved structures occupying over 100 acres. The former runways remain but no fixed winged aircraft operation takes place. A fill stockpiling program has been underway since 1967. These stockpiles are located toward the center of the site and are intended for use in construction of the DOB. The Naval Research Laboratory to the south is a Naval Command devoted to scientific investigation much of which is classified. Accordingly, the Laboratory stands somewhat distinct from the rest of the site. Historical highlights of the Bolling/Anacostia Tract are: 1608 Nacotchtanke Indians visited by Captain John Smith. 1633 Granted to Thomas Dent as part of the Gisborough Tract by the second Lord Baltimore. 1863 Leased to the U. S. Army as a cavalry depot for 30, 000 horses by George Washington Young. 1866 Returned to Young - - became a r i v e r resort known as Gisborough Park, City View, Capitol View and Buena Vista. 1917 Chosen as a temporary site for the A i r Service of the Army Signal Corps. 1918 Landing field officially designated. Named in honor of Colonel Raynal Cawthorn Boiling who was the first high ranking American killed in World War I . NAS Anacostia also established. 1930 500 additional acres acquired for A i r Corps use to the south where the present Boiling Base is located. 193 5 The original Boiling Base to the north turned over to the Navy. 1958 By Presidential request, the DOD was to report on future military requirements at Bolling/Anacostia. 1960 The A i r Force proposed retention of 170 acres. The Navy proposed retention of 180 acres. The National Capital Planning Commission proposed use of 580 acres for urban renewal. 10 �1961 Senate Arms Service Committee proposed joint military use for land retained. 1962 A i r Force proposed joint use plan for 620 acres. 1963 A i r Force revised plan - - proposed 325 acres at Bolling/Anacostia plus 10 acres for the Naval Photographic Center with a 6, 000 man headquarters facility later superseded by the 10, 000 man DOB requiring 70 acres. In addition, another 93 acres earmarked for helicopter use. Also the National Capital Planning Commission proposed tentative urban renewal boundaries. 1964 Fine Arts Commission rejected a proposed dormitory design and questioned basic planning concepts at Bolling/Anacostia. 1965 NCPC approved a comprehensive development plan with 303 acres at Boiling and 10 for the Naval Photographic Center. The Rivers rider to an act of Congress directed that no land at Bolling/Anacostia be disposed of before January 1975. 1971 Comprehensive Master Plan initiated for Bolling/Anacostia. 1972 NCPC approved DOD National Capital Regional Plan which recommended retention of Bolling/Anacostia. The Planning Commission deferred approval of this recommendation until a master plan for Bolling/Anacostia could be reviewed. 11 �������BASE LOADING The DOD/NCR Plan allocated the total DOD population in the region to 23 long range locations. These allocations were based on maximum growth potential at these various locations. A working population of approximately 22,000 is considered the maximum growth potential at Bolling/Anacostia, including the Naval Research Laboratory. In addition, it has been assumed that the majority of the A i r Force and Navy personnel working in the central metropolitan area will be supported by Bolling/Anacostia. The assumed breakout of this total working and supported population is 57% Civilian and 43% Military. Of the Military population, 47% are Officers, and 53% Enlisted men. Support of individual projects is to be developed by the supporting agency in the normal programming process. Headquarters Command, USAF is the host command supporting over 800 world-wide operating locations, including those engaged in support of Unified and Joint Commands and inter-governmental agencies. The command also provides a i r and ground transportation for the A i r Force and DOD, the Executive Department and foreign dignitaries. LAND USE The Master Plan proposed nine basic uses for the tract, not including the Naval Research Laboratory. They are: Administrative Centers Personnel Support Facilities Industrial/Technical Complex Community Center Neighborhood Centers Intermediate School Site Family Housing Park and Recreational Areas Defense Office Building Site The disposition of these elements is shown on the LAND USE DIAGRAM. Approximate acreages and percentages for each are indicated on the COMPONENT S I T E AREAS Diagram. In general, land use areas are organized around the project spine road, as dictated by the location of existing facilities and the proposed DOB facility. Park and recreational facilities take advantage of the long r i v e r ' s edge. With the exception of existing senior officer housing and 300 units of existing housing already constructed, family housing is 21 �located between the long park strip and the spine road. Within each of the two major family housing areas is located a neighborhood center, the nucleus for which is an elementary school. Two major administrative centers occur. One is the DOB, the other is a complex located south of Portland Street which forms the north terminus of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area Mall. Basic personnel support facilities are at the south end of the Mall. These two parts are roughly separated by an east-west pedestrian landscaped axis. To the west along this axis is the community center which includes a commissary, base exchange and associated facilities. At the eastern end of this axis are the BOQ and the officers' open mess. The Industrial/Technical Complex is organized north of the DOB between the spine road and South Capitol Street. Anchoring this area on the south is the proposed PEPCO substation; to the north is the Naval Photographic Center. As the spine road enters from Firth Sterling Street, it separates the Industrial/Technical area from the intermediate school site and it is at this point that the r i v e r ' s edge park originates. 22 �COMPONENT SITE AREAS T R I - S E R V I C E CANTONEMENT AREA 142. 47 A. RECREATION JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 119.19 24.00 INDUSTRIA L / T E C H N I C A L COMPLEX 74. 21 T O T A L N E T AREA COMMUNITY C E N T E R 33.35 NEIGHBORHOOD C E N T E R S 12.37 ROADS (PORTLAND S T R E E T AND MAIN SPINE ROAD) 14. 49 DEFENSE OFFICE BUILDING 114.38 T O T A L GROSS AREA 915.78 HOUSING 381.32 786.91 A. 23 �CIRCULATION, PARKING, & TRANSPORTATION Basic vehicular circulation is organized around a four-lane spine road which has three major points of access from the South Capitol Street Corridor. These are: Firth Sterling Street to the north, the Naval Research Laboratory/I-295 Interchange in combination with Chesapeake Street to the south and Portland Street at the center. Access to the Defense Office Building is to be from a separate ramp system connecting directly to the Corridor. Since the present Defense Office Building ring-route concept calls for clockwise movement only, the spine road is intended to merge with this ring road system to the west and north of the building complex. Portland Street, extended to a T-intersection with the north-south spine road, forms the major lateral feeder. Serving the housing areas are loop roads from the spine; local collectors serve the cul-de-sacs from these loops. Duncan Avenue acts as a secondary connector between Portland Street and the spine road to the south. The spine road extends to the present entrance of the Naval Research Laboratory and replaces Overlook Avenue. The existing southbound ramp from South Capitol Street and 1-295 is terminated at the spine road to form a new T-intersection while Magazine Road is made a major second entrance to the Laboratory. An internal road loops through the center of the Industrial/Technical area to divert all service traffic from the spine road and to concentrate a l l activity on the interior, screened from the housing area to the west and the South Capitol Street Corridor to the east. The basic design intent of this spine road and its three principal points of access is to distribute peak ingress and egress traffic to the South Capitol Street Corridor more uniformly along the length of the Base. This is illustrated on the CIRCULATION DIAGRAM. Logical assignments of traffic from parking areas to the external road system result in peak hour percentages for these three access points of 31% at Firth Sterling Street, 30% at Portland Street and 39% at the Naval Research Laboratory/ Chesapeake Street combination. This distribution includes N R L traffic. These percentages do not include Defense Office Building traffic which is to be handled by its own ramp system. Improvements to the basic freeway system will be required to satisfy the ultimate traffic demand of the Base and these improvements will have to include upgrading of the three major interchange systems to accommodate the anticipated access distributions. To this end, close and complete coordination will be required between the Department of Defense and the District Highway Department. In addition, on-base management of parking, staggered hours, signals, controlled turns, etc. , should be directed toward furthering this even distribution. Refer to Appendix I I for supporting quantitative data. The Plan contemplates a well-designed system for pedestrian and bicycle circulation free from traffic crossings. This system runs primarily north-south through the two 24 �major housing areas linking the two neighborhood centers and the elementary schools, the community center and the intermediate school. The system interlocks with a pedestrian cross axis to the Mall Area as well as to the r i v e r ' s edge park which acts as a supplementary pedestrian system. Proposed are seven underpasses and one overpass. As the land occupied by Boiling A i r Force Base is extremely valuable and is strategically located within a major urban center, it is poor policy to devote excessive area to surface parking. This is true from both a practical and an aesthetic point of view. Accordingly, the Master Plan proposes stages parking structures served from the spine road as well as from Duncan Avenue. In the initial phases of development, these parking facilities will be open lots, depressed, and partially concealed by landscaped earth berms. As the need for parking increases, these lots will be decked with simple open structures -probably of inexpensive pre-cast concrete construction. In this manner, parking capacity can be ultimately doubled thus conserving needed land area. A variation of this concept will occur at the Industrial/Technical Area. Here the lower level of these parking structures will be devoted to shop, maintenance and storage space and roofs will be used for parking. It is proposed that the design and landscaping of these structures be similar to that of the decked over parking serving the mall complex. Such visual recall w i l l afford continuity and coherence and these structures will serve as buffers between the community center parking and the mall as well as between housing and the Industrial/Technical Area. It would be well to consider this same approach for commissary and base exchange parking also, but present policies do not permit this solution. There is provision in the DOB plan for 3, 000 structured parking spaces and the design of the A i r Force Administration facility should include structured parking. Other minor surface parking areas occur throughout the Plan where needed. Parking within the housing clusters is planned as a combination of gang carports and surface parking. In general, one covered parking space/unit will serve the residents while one open parking space/2 units will be for guests, service vehicles and the like. Carport structures will serve the additional function of space definition and screening. Mass transit to the Base is to be encouraged. D. C. Transit presently operates bus lines to and from the Base and these lines should be expanded and improved as the Base grows. In addition, the Base should provide its own internal shuttle service as demand increases. When Metro is extended to Anacostia at the Good Hope Road Station, a shuttle service should be instituted to Boiling. Beyond this provision, serious study should be given to the actual r a i l extension of Metro to the site. The beneficial impact of such a connection on the heavily loaded South Capitol Street corridor can not be overemphasized. At the present time, there exists a B & O track and right-of-way running the length of the base and terminating at the Blue Plains Sewerage Treatment Plant. Its sole 25 �function is to provide chlorine for the Plant. As this trackage and use is awkward and undesirable for the base in the long run, the Plan indicates its ultimate removal. It is recognized, however, that the track must remain until an alternate solution to the chlorine supply problem can be found. Retention of this line could be desirable, however, if it could be used as a Metro spur. Access to the Base by boat will be provided at the existing marina as well as at a proposed landing to be built in conjunction with the DOB. Plans for the DOB also include a helicopter landing pad. Proposals in past years for a r i v e r crossing located approximately at the boundary of the NRL and Boiling A i r Force Base have no official status at this time. Accordingly, no provision for such a crossing has been shown. The land use indicated at this point, however, is housing which could be relatively well relocated in the event such a river crossing were to become a reality. 26 ����GRADING CONCEPTS The following were major objectives in developing site grading concepts : 1. 2. 3. 4. Adequate site drainage Minimum f i l l Flood Protection (based on 100 year flood) Reinforcement of the pedestrian system The GRADING CONCEPT Drawing indicates the land forms affording site drainage after f i l l is in place. These land forms become partially prepared sites for construction to follow. Final grading will be accomplished as construction of housing and building proceeds. F i l l must be engineered so that it can receive housing loads without special foundation design. ( For problems of settlements, see section entitled, SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. ) The basic site grading provides for drainage at a minimum slope of two percent in the North Housing Area where the greatest amount of settlement will take place, and one and one-half percent in the South Housing Area, north of the Operational Marina. Finished floor elevations have been established at a minimum of 16. 5 with a minimum of 14. 5 for road elevations. (See section entitled, FLOOD PROTECTION. ) Main drainage swales and land forms are designed to reinforce the pedestrian system. Runoff is collected by catch basins located at low points in the drainage swales and underpasses. Drainage of spinal and secondary roads is achieved by a system of high and low points spaced 300 feet apart with one and one-half percent slopes. The spine road has concrete curbs and runoff is collected by grate inlets at low points. Secondary roads are drained by drainage ditches with catch basins provided at low points. On these roads gradients can be reduced to one-half percent. In the final detailed grading design for site f i l l , it will be necessary to weigh amount of f i l l against extent of underground pipe drainage in order to determine the most economical balance. FLOOD PROTECTION Boiling A i r Force Base and the U. S. Naval A i r Station are protected from flooding by an earth levee and a concrete flood wall. The levee and the wall are constructed to an elevation of 18. 59 (Boiling A i r Force Datum). Included as part of the system are four pumping stations and flood gates on sewer outfalls and storm drains. 33 �The existing levee was part of a Washington, D. C. flood control project recommended in House Document No. 107 , 73rd Congress, 1st Session, and adopted by the Flood Control Act of 22 June 1936. The principal portions of the work were completed in 1939, but due to settlement in the sections at the concrete floodwall, the levee was brought to final completion in low lift stages over a period of four years. Since the completion of the original project in 1944, the following alterations have been made: 1. Steel sluice gates have been installed on the outlet pipes of the pumping stations. 2. A 10 - foot opening with a stop log enclosure has been constructed in the flood wall to provide access to a seaplane pier. 3. A concrete driveway and an unloading area have been constructed against the levee. 4. An addition to Building No. 86 and a small parking area at Building No. 94 extend slightly into the toe of the levee. 5. Low concrete retaining walls have been added to protect the stability of the levee in a l l areas of encroachment. 6. Changes in the sanitary sewer system have been made to allow pumping stations No. 2 and 3 to handle storm drainage only. 7. The U. S. Navy has constructed a steel sheet pile flood barrier riverward of the U. S. Naval Station Annex to provide access over the levee at three points. The use of f i l l to raise the ground level to a higher elevation than the projected flood elevation is recommended as the primary means of flood protection in the Master Plan. However, the present flood control levee and dam system should remain but no new building construction should be undertaken at an elevation lower than 16. 5 and with the exception of minor roads, no road grade should occur below 14. 5. These figures are based on previous work by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers; the Mueser, Rutledge, Wentworth and Johnston Report of 1966, and consultation with the Navy. 34 �SOILS & FOUNDATIONS Soil and foundation conditions at the site are variable and range from hard preconsolidated clay to soft recent alluvium. Much f i l l has been placed historically to extend the shoreline and recently additional f i l l has been placed in advance of construction. Detailed descriptions of the geology and soil are available in the several reports cited in the references and the bibliography. It is planned that considerable fill be placed over certain portions of the Boiling/ Anacostia Area. It is the purpose in the following paragraphs to analyze and evaluate in a preliminary manner the effects of this f i l l upon the underlying soil. A drawing entitled, S I T E GRADING CONCEPTS shows contours which represent suggested elevations and a number of "spot" elevations along the planned internal roadway system. In a report on Site Development for Foundations Anacostia-Boiling Survey Area , prepared by Mueser, Rutledge, Wentworth and Johnston, a study of settlement and stability is presented. In the Anacostia River, there are thick strata of compressible soil which w i l l consolidate under load. This is discussed in Chapter 4 of the Mueser Report. Contours of the bottom of the compressible strata are in Drawing 4 (Mueser) and have been transcribed to the SOIL ANALYSIS Drawing. Lesser depths of compressible material overlie portions of the remaining project and these will consolidate to a lesser extent subsequent to f i l l placement. The alignment which was selected to demonstrate the results of settlement from superimposed f i l l is shown in plan of the SOIL ANALYSIS Drawing as A - A ' . The profile of alignment is plotted on S E T T L E M E N T PROFILES Drawing, together with the existing surface elevation trace. The intercepts of the several contour lines representing the elevations of bottom of compressible strata have been transcribed to the profile to provide a visual impression. Long-term settlements computed from consolidation test data had been calculated by Mueser for his study and he had developed a chart relating height to f i l l to settlement. The Mueser chart (Plate 7) is reproduced as Drawing S E T T L E M E N T VS. F I L L HEIGHT, ANACOSTIA A R E A . By use of this chart estimates of settlements along the profile have been made. The final (after settlement) grades are shown and identified on S E T T L E M E N T P R O F I L E S Drawing. 35 �It is obvious that in order to attain the final plan grades (or somewhere near them) after settlement, it will be necessary to place f i l l to elevations above those grades shown on S I T E GRADING CONCEPTS Drawing. This will act as a "surcharge" and will cause a greater settlement than a lower height of f i l l . An example of determining how much surcharge fill would be required at a particular location is given below: Assume Original surface elevation Final grade desired Height of f i l l Depth of compressible strata 36 = = = = +6' +26' 20' 30' �Solution 1. From Figure (Mueser Plate 7) determine Settlement 2. T r y 5' Surcharge ( F i l l height for trial 3. From Figure (Mueser Plate 7) determine a. Settlement b. 25 - 4. 1 which equals elev. 26. 9', 0. 9' too high 4. 5. T r y 4' Surcharge a. Settlement b. 24 - 3. 95 which is elev. + 26' desired design elev. 3.35' = 25') = 4. 1' 20. 9' - 3. 95' 20. 05* Therefore at this point construct fill to elevation 30' to attain an elevation of 26 feet after settlement. Plotted on S E T T L E M E N T PROFILES are the estimated heights of surcharge required to attain design grades at the several locations along Section A - A ' . The profile taken in the Anacostia portion approximates the greatest settlement potential and provides a linear picture of what may be expected. As this is an areal project, the added surcharge f i l l would be placed as a blanket over the entire area. Depths of f i l l were taken from S I T E GRADING CONCEPTS Drawing and used with depths of compressible material taken from SOIL ANALYSIS Drawing to estimate the depth of surcharge. Consolidation of the compressible strata will take time. Table 4 of the Mueser Report shows the situation which would obtain to provide a final elevation of +16 for three depths of organic silty clay. These times would decrease for higher f i l l and increase for lower f i l l . Each of these different conditions would have to be calaculated from consolidation test data taken from the nearest boring or an assumed value from average values. Acceleration of consolidation may be accomplished by means of sand drains which are discussed in the Mueser Report. This type of assistance is more applicable to the deeper areas of soft material. At best, the calculated magnitudes of settlements and the times required for them to occur are estimates and may vary considerably from the times observed during construction. 37 �Stability of fill placed on soft foundations is an important consideration and was studied by Mueser who established a 10-foot initial height which was stepped up to 20 feet after providing a 70' long berm. A l l areas included on S I T E GRADING CONCEPTS Drawing appear to meet of exceed this requirement except between the coordinate points E1000S1500 and E2000-S500 in Boiling Field grid. This shoreline and roadway grade will require stability analysis. In areas where existing utilities are situated beneath the new embankment, consideration must be given to the effects of the embankment applied load and also settlement. a. To evaluate the effect of added load over the pipe, the type of pipe and its foundation conditions must be known. Determination of this information should be the subject of a special study. However, it is our opinion that an added 10 to 15 feet of fill placed over the present pipe installations which are not pile supported would not damage the pipe. b. Settlement can be estimated for utilities as it was previously in the Anacostia area above. An example of settlement over an existing storm drain follows. For this example no surcharge has been added, but initial f i l l would have to be placed to an elevation greater than 27 feet to attain the desired design elevation: Existing elevation Planned elevation Fill Bottom elevation of soft layer (assume 10' of soft material) Settlement If soft layer is 20' deep then settlement = = = = = = 17' 27' 10' -10' 0.4' 0. 9' In our judgement, existing storm sewer pipes, whether concrete or corrugated steel, could sustain total settlements of about 1. 5 feet with about 1/2 of the total as differential over a distance of about 100 feet without undue distress at joints. For areas where outfall is pile supported or crosses the Potomac Interceptor Sewer or where settlement is due to less load, there may be a "sag" in the pipe proper and it will function in the nature of a syphon. Some elongation of the pipe will occur with the sag and joints will open somewhat. Some leakage and infiltration may be expected. Existing watermains and sanitary sewers are more critical functionally than storm sewers. Structurally, they probably can sustain about 15 feet of f i l l satisfactorily if not rigidly supported. Breakage or leakage would be very undesirable for either pipe. To reduce chances of breakage and leakage, total estimated settlement of the pipe should not exceed 1/2 foot. Each area and alignment would require separate analysis to estimate magnitude of settlement. 38 �Using the existing utility systems as much as possible would be economical provided all concerned understand and agree to the calculated r i s k s involved. New utility pipe, to be placed in the f i l l planned to be constructed, should be placed after a l l significant settlement has taken place. Construction control will be of prime importance. The responsible agency must know where it will start by determining existing conditions. A system by which settlement may be observed and controlled during the placement of f i l l should be planned and initial layout established. It must be decided whether, where and how acceleration of consolidation w i l l be accomplished. These and other elements must be coordinated. Conclusions and recommendations are: a. The random pattern of hills and valley fills will cause greater settlement under the higher fills and less settlement under the lower fills with foundation conditions the same. b. To attain the planned design grades, an areal surcharge will have to be placed to varying elevations (requiring estimated calculations) above the design grades. c. Amounts and rates of consolidation which w i l l occur and must be observed and recorded during construction may vary widely from those calculated from test data. Height and rate of f i l l placement will be subject to control during construction. d. Stability of the f i l l adjacent to the r i v e r is satisfactory with only one area requiring further analysis. e. Existing pipes should sustain 15 feet of f i l l structurally provided pipe is not on unyielding support, i . e. piles. f. Existing storm water pipe should perform satisfactorily after sustaining 1. 5 feet settlement. g. Existing waterlines and sanitary sewers probably would function satisfactorily with up to 1/2 foot of settlement. h. Housing placed on f i l l should be designed in units which can sustain some differential settlement in the long term. Small groups of structures will settle as a unit while a long (over 100') row house configuration might be damaged by differential settlement of a central or end portion. �UTILITY DISTRIBUTION CONCEPTS During the preliminary study and planning of existing and proposed water, sanitary sewer and storm sewer systems for the Bolling/Anacostia Master Plan, several areas, each of which involved specific grading conditions, have been identified and studied. Following is a list of these areas which are shown on the S I T E U T I L I T I E S CONCEPT Drawing: Area I Area I I Area I I I Area IV Area V Area V I Area V I I Area V I I I Area IX North Housing Area Industrial/Technical Complex North Recreational Area Defense Office Building Area Housing Area North of Operational Marina Housing Area South of Operational Marina T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area Officers' Housing Area NCO Quarters' Area Existing utilities now serving buildings which will remain on the site as part of the Master Plan will be utilized whenever feasible, otherwise new lines will be constructed to provide additional capacity to existing areas and serve new areas of construction, as shown on the S I T E U T I L I T I E S CONCEPT Drawing. The U. S. Navy Civil Engineering Design Manual Number NAVFAC DM-5 dated January 1969 was utilized as the basis for design criteria of proposed utility systems. WATER MA INS The site is now served by an existing 30" watermain running along South Capitol Street. The District of Columbia Department of Environmental Services is presently proposing the construction of a 36" watermain which will enter the site north of Area I I and will run south along the proposed spinal road serving the North Housing Area, the Industrial/ Technical Complex, and the North Recreational Area. Thence it continues along the spine road toward the Potomac River, through a proposed sewer easement serving the DOB Area and then turns south parallel to the existing Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor. At a point near the junction of Portland Street alignment extended and the Potomac River, the proposed watermain is reduced to 30" diameter and continues south to a point north of the Operational Marina. Thence it turns west and connects to the existing 30" watermain at South Capitol Street at a point south of the Officers' Housing Area. 40 �A 30" branch of this watermain will traverse the site west to east along Portland Street alignment extended connecting to the existing 30" watermain at South Capitol Street. This will complete a primary loop providing additional service capacity to the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area and the Officers' Housing Area. Except for the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area, the Officers' Housing Area and the NCO Quarter's Area which will continue to be served from the existing 30" watermain on South Capitol Street, a new series of secondary loops along proposed street rights-of-way w i l l be constructed to serve the rest of the site which will complete the distribution system. The D. C . Department of Environmental Services i s engaged in the preparation of final construction drawings for the proposed 30" and 36" watermains which will provide additional service to the Navy Research Laboratory area and will serve those units to be built under the F Y 72 construction program. The design of horizontal and vertical alignments for this proposed watermain along the Waterfront paralleling the Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor has required a more extensive study of other existing and proposed utilities. Some of the existing storm sewer lines serving the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area and the Officers' Housing Area may either remain in service, provided their present structural conditions are satisfactory, or will be abandoned and a new series of lines will be constructed. New lines crossing over the existing Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor may interfere with the horizontal and vertical alignments of the proposed watermain. It is recommended, therefore, that the proposed watermain be located as far as possible west of the outside wall of the existing Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor, and within the existing easement to provide sufficient space to build new storm sewer lines and drop-manholes, should such be required, thereby diminishing future design problems. An alternative would be to provide sags in the proposed vertical alignment of the watermain at those locations where new storm sewer lines are proposed to cross over the Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor. SANITARY SEWERS Three major sanitary sewer trunk lines presently traverse the southern areas of the site. The Potomac Interceptor running along the waterfront consists of a 10'-0" x 11'-5" outfall relief sewer carrying sanitary sewage and a 12'-3" x 11'-5" combined sanitary and storm sewer system. The second is a 9'-4" x 8'-4" trunk sewer outfall running through the center of the Boiling A i r Force Base area. The third is a 9'-4" x 8'-4" trunk sewer relief outfall which runs through the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area and connects to the previous one at a junction chamber located west of the Operational 41 �Marina, from which an overflow line runs through the proposed Housing Area south of the Operational Marina and into the Potomac River. Sewage from existing buildings in the Boiling A i r Force Base area is now being carried either by gravity systems or pumped into these three major gravity sewers. As far as possible existing lines serving buildings which will remain as part of the proposed Master Plan will continue in service. If new building construction requires an existing line to be increased in size to provide proper capacity, it will be replaced. Pumping stations in the existing NCO Quarter's Area and Operational Marina will also remain in service and will continue to serve existing buildings. In the northern portion of the site, only one building, the Naval Photographic Center, is proposed to remain in plcae as part of the total Master Plan for the area. The existing sanitary sewer line and pumping station are expected to remain in service provided their present structural conditions are adequate. The D. C. Department of Environmental Services has recently completed the preparation of construction drawings for a twin trunk carrying sanitary and combined sewaje which enters the site at a point located between the DOB area and the Industrial/ Technical Complex, and runs along the proposed spine road in an easterly direction and connects to the existing Potomac Interceptor. Two systems will connect to the proposed sanitary box culvert. One will serve the Industrial/Technical Complex, the North Recreation Area and portions of the North Housing Area. The other will serve the remaining portions of the North Housing Area. The South Housing Areas in the Bolling/Anacostia area will be served by new lines connecting to existing manholes over the Potomac Interceptor or to new manholes when their cost offsets the cost of the additional length of pipe required to meet existing manholes. Other new lines will connect to the existing sanitary sewer outfall running through the center of the area, and similarly existing manholes or taps will be utilized whenever feasible. Connections to existing combined sewer will require screens. The T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area and the Officers' Housing Area will be served by existing lines connecting to the sanitary sewer outfall and the relief outfall lines, although new construction will require some existing lines to be abandoned. For such cases, new lines with larger capacity will be constructed. A l l new sanitary sewer lines throughout the site will flow by gravity. Site grading has been planned to eliminate requirements for new pumping stations. 42 �STORM SEWERS Under existing conditions the northern areas of the site in the Anacostia Naval Station are drained through a series of pipes running by gravity to several existing pumping stations near the Anacostia River. This area will be regraded with fills up to 15' in height constructed for flood protection which w i l l require a completely new drainage system taking advantage of the new surface contouring. Several outlets through the existing concrete seawall will be utilized wherever feasible to drain the North Housing and the North Recreation Area. A l l of the Industrial / Technical Complex Area, with the exception of the existing Naval Photographic Center, will be drained into a proposed 10'-0" x 10'-0" trunk sewer which enters the site just north of the intersection of the proposed spine road and South Capitol Street, between this area and the North Recreation Area and outfalls at the Anacostia River. The D. C. Department of Environmental Services had initially considered the design of a 96" storm sewer which does not have sufficient capacity to pick up the run-off from this area. The cost of this additional capacity is not contained in any District budget, therefore, early discussions should be held to determine capacity and costs of this particular storm sewer. The Naval Photographic Center cannot be drained by gravity into the above system. Existing lines presently draining the area adjacent to the building will be abandoned, and construction of a pumping station will be required to handle the run-off of this area. The southern portions of the site in the Boiling A i r Force Base area are now drained through a series of lines running toward the Potomac River in a westerly direction serving the Officers' Housing Area, the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area, the NCO Quarter's Area and existing runways. A l l existing runways west of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area will be abandoned and a residential development identified as the South Housing Area, north of the Operational Marina w i l l be constructed. This area will be regraded and fills up to 11' in height w i l l be placed over existing storm sewer lines. The Officers' Housing and the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Areas will not be regraded since many structures will remain as part of the proposed Master Plan for those areas. The existing lines now serving those areas may continue in service if their present structural conditions can withstand the additional f i l l as they cross the South HousingArea. The South Housing Area, north of the Operational Marina, will drain toward the Potomac River through a series of new storm sewer lines. �A l l existing and proposed lines serving this area with outfalls at the Potomac River will cross over the existing Potomac Sanitary Sewer Interceptor. As it was reported under WATERMAINS, a 30" watermain is to be constructed east of the sewer interceptor and these storm sewer lines will have a definite effect on the final alignment of this proposed watermain. Consideration has been given to run a l l proposed storm sewer lines in this area under the existing Potomac Interceptor. This idea has been abandoned since it will require multiple number of submerged outlets creating silting conditions at outfalls and further difficulties in their design and construction since the Potomac Interceptor is supported on piles. Due to the flat grading conditions throughout the site, a l l proposed new gravity lines will run at very flat slopes requiring large pipe sizes, except those serving the easternmost areas of the South Housing residential development north of the Operational Marina. The existing buildings of the NCO Quarter's Area are now served by a gravity system which outfalls at the Operational Marina. This system w i l l remain in service, since it has sufficient capacity to serve the additional units to be built in this area. A l l existing buildings in the South Housing Area, south of the Operational Marina are to be abandoned. Grading of this area will be minimal and some of the existing storm sewer lines may be utilized depending on the final physical location of proposed construction. Otherwise they w i l l be abandoned and a new system will be constructed with outfall at the Potomac River. E F F E C T S OF S I T E GRADING A preliminary evaluation of the effects of site grading and the placement of fill is presented for the several areas previously identified. Existing utility systems, which are presently in place and underlain by compressible material, will settle when a f i l l load is imposed. New utilities placed in the surface layer of a fill over compressible soil w i l l also settle with the f i l l . Exact analysis of settlement is not possible. An approach to determining the amounts of settlement can be made by use of soil test data. Such an approach was used as a basis for the analysis and examples presented in the section, SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. This section provides guidance with respect to settlement and stability which will be important considerations during design. It stresses the worst conditions and points out the variations over the project site. 44 �It is stressed that each specific situation will require evaluation during design phase to develop design decisions. The areas described below for the GRADING plan are located by numerals on the S I T E U T I L I T I E S CONCEPTS plan. Areas V I and V I I I Not affected by grading. Areas V I I and IX Eastern portions not affected. Some few feet of f i l l in western parts along proposed spinal road may yeild a few inches of total settlement. Area V Western strip adjacent to river under roadway may settle up to one foot; northern 2/3 up to six inches; and southern 1/3 s i x inches to one foot. Area IV Roadway along west side and playground areas to west may settle s i x inches to one foot or more at northwest corner. Area I I Settlement may range from a few inches along the east portion increasing up to three feet along the west and north parts. Area I I I Settlement of a few inches in the east ranging to three or more feet in the central and south. Area I Settlement examples have been noted in SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS. Maximum of four to five feet with a surcharge is indicated. Minimum under the lower f i l l areas is estimated at about one to two feet. In anticipation of plan implementation, further study leading to a detailed utility plan should be undertaken for the entire Bolling/Anacostia site. ����LANDSCAPE CONCEPTS Key to an effective Master Plan for Bolling/Anacostia is landscaping. The site is flat but will be given some shape by the fill program discussed under S I T E GRADING CONCEPTS. The r i v e r ' s edge with its many excellent vistas is a major opportunity. The character of the soil existing and new is a considerable constraint. Capitalizing upon these conditions, landscape concepts are proposed by the Plan which will reinforce its main structure and secondary elements. Hierarchies of planting systems are recommended to emphasize the spine road and Duncan Avenue; to set the character of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area; to soften the Industrial/Technical area; to reinforce the pedestrian greenway system and to develop a large scale lineal park at the r i v e r ' s edge. Section I I I of the report is a detailed analysis of landscape concepts proposed by the Plan. See COMPREHENSIVE LANDSCAPE PLAN and LANDSCAPE CONCEPT HOUSING. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS The Plan indicates both existing and proposed structures and specifies their use. The facility program for Bolling/Anacostia has been developed from a consolidated Base Facility Requirement L i s t prepared by the Chesapeake Division of the NAVFAC working with A i r Force data prepared by Headquarters Command, USAF. In preparation of this list, certain facilities were included not as a direct requirement of a particular user agency but in conformance to standards contained in NAVFAC P-80, Facility Planning Factors for Naval Shore Activities. Some of these uses appear impractical or inappropriate and have not been included in the Plan. Examples are two skating rinks, two additional 1,000 seat theatres, a field house, an exchange laundry plant and an exchange dry cleaning plant. A heliport appears on the consolidated list of facilities but has not been shown on the Plan. Such a use is not only wasteful of valuable land, but is also incompatible with family housing. By the same token, no provision has been made for HMX-1, the Executive Helicopter Squadron. This facility is expected to operate from another location in the future and is therefore considered a temporary use for planning purposes. There is provision, however, for a small helicopter pad on the site of the DOB. The BUILDING INDEX identifies specific building functions. It should be stressed, however, that as requirements change and evolve, particular building uses will also change and evolve. To this end, the Plan allows flexibility within the major site areas to accept such change as it occurs. Appendix I indicates in detail the program provisions of the Plan presented here. Specific building uses are shown on the BUILDING INDEX in Section IV. 51 �STAGING The problem of staging must be analyzed in implementation of the Master Plan. In general, there w i l l be four major considerations in developing construction phasing for Bolling/Anacostia. They are: 1. 2. 3. 4. Demolition of structures not planned for retention Site filling and preparation Utility extension Access road extension These constraints must be coordinated as F i s c a l Year programming is developed. The following chart indicates these constraints for the major site areas: FGO Housing Area Demolition Required • NCO Club & NCO Units Marina South Housing Area Community Center North Housing Area Senior Officer Housing BOQ and Officer Open Mess T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area DOB Industrial/Technical Complex Park and School Area 52 • • • • • • • • • Site F i l l Required • • • • • • • Utility Ext. Access Road Required Required • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • �In general, the two most complex areas for staging are the North Family Housing Area and the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area. Of secondary complexity are the Defense Office Building, the South Housing Area and the Industrial/Technical Area. * In the North Housing Area, difficulty stems from the short-term continuation of HMX-1 at its present location, even though reduced in area. Houses constructed around this facility w i l l be subjected to adverse sound conditions for a period of several years until the relocation of the helicopter function can be completed. To this end, it is proposed to construct a temporary noise-deflecting berm to buffer the housing area. This berm will also serve as a stock-pile for f i l l to be used when the last housing is built. Notwithstanding such measures, the helicopter squadron should be relocated at the earliest possible moment. The North Housing Area also presents the most serious f i l l problem on the site since settlement in this area is expected to be the most severe. The principal problems in the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area are the collection of smaller structures between Duncan Avenue and the Mall; the location of the Commissary in a hangar planned for conversion to a gymnasium and field house; and the location of the Base Civil Engineer in a building to be demolished which conflicts with the proposed Band Practice Facility. To aid in sequencing, the buildings by the water's edge at the old Naval A i r Station should be retained for the near-term and at least as long as HMX-1 remains. Programming and phasing for implementation of the Master Plan should then utilize these structures as a principal relocation resource. Activities can be moved here from structures slated for demolition where they can function until construction of new facilities. The BASE D E V E L O P M E N T PLAN indicates existing construction to remain and proposed new construction as well as buildings to be demolished. Refer to Appendix I I I for a detailed analysis of construction sequencing. 53 �����HOUSING The Master Plan indicates approximately 2,000 dwelling units of which 332 are existing. Twenty-four existing and twenty-two intended are detached single family houses; eight existing and thirty-two proposed are duplex. The balance of approximately 1, 862 units will be three and four bedroom townhouses. This category of housing constitutes the military's greatest deficiency and, therefore, is the preponderant housing type programmed for the Bolling/Anacostia tract. Appendix I , pages 126,127,128 & 129 indicates net and gross densities for the various housing areas. The townhouses are shown arranged in a basic U-shaped cluster with open space between the two legs of the loop. Gang carports are included and these provide both space definition and privacy control. There is one parking space per unit within the carports and an additional 1/2 space per unit in surface parking bays. Fenced forecourts for private service areas are indicated and garbage collection would be built into an end portion of the carport structure. Variation in placement of housing blocks helps somewhat in dampening the effect of aircraft noise as well as providing a visually more interesting environment. This loop configuration affords great flexibility and adaptability as the Master Plan shows. It also lends itself to variations in density. The basic cluster can be made of 88, 90 or 92 units without any compromise in system. The loop also facilitates circulation in contrast to the more conventional cul-de-sac configuration. SCHOOLS Three schools are indicated on the Master Plan. There is an elementary school serving the South Housing Community located just to the west of the Community Center. An elementary school forms the nucleus of a neighborhood center in the North Housing Community and a Junior High School is located at the northern tip of the site close to the Firth Sterling entrance. The two elementary schools are sized to serve the housing communities in which they are located and are considered neighborhood schools. By contrast, the Junior High School is intended to serve school children living on site as well as school children in the adjoining Anacostia school district. The Master Plan proposes that these schools be constructed and operated by the District 59 �of Columbia on land leased, sold or donated to the District. Problems concerning land transfer, school construction, pupil distribution policies and the like should be the subject of early negotiation between the Department of Defense and the D. C. School System. The following chart indicates the school age population anticipated at Bolling/Anacostia and is based on statistical experience with military families. Total number of dwelling units assumed is 1,948 : GRADE PERCENT NUMBER Pre-K . 11/DU 214 1 - 6 . 54/DU 1,052 7 - 12 . 32/DU 448 Total . 88/DU 1,714 In response to these figures, the two elementary schools should be 600-pupil schools each. The Junior High School, serving a larger area, should be for 1500 pupils. The Plan proposed 6. 26 acres for the South Community School, 6. 11 acres for the North Community School and 24 acres for the Junior High School. The schools will be multistorey and the building outlines shown are consistent with applicable Department of Education Guidelines for School Construction. OPEN SPACE, PARKS & RECREATION The single most dominant feature of the Bolling/Anacostia site is its long, long shoreline. At some points, it is made up of boulders; at others, fine sand. A seawall occurs in places and at the north end is the distinct profile of the Anacostia levee. The views of the city, the r i v e r and the Virginia shore are impressive. There is some existing vegetation, mainly mature willows growing by the water's edge at Giesboro Point. The shoreline constitutes the major recreational resource on the site and the Master Plan proposes it be used as long, lineal park. This use is currently supported by the NCPC and is a concept of long-standing in the city of Washington. Running the length of the lineal park is a walk which is its key structuring element. Experiences along the path will be rich in variety and will alternate in general from larger areas of passive use to smaller nodes of much more active use. Principal vistas are exploited by control of planting and advantage will be taken of changing natural conditions. The W A T E R ' S EDGE illustration, together with the L I N E A L PARK SECTION best describe the Master Plan intent. For a detailed description of landscaping concepts for the park, refer to section I I I , LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT. Recreation falls into two general categories: recreation for family housing and recreation for the troops. The major troop recreation area occurs between the Potomac and the DOB. Here there are Softball fields, volleyball courts, tennis courts, 60 �TYPICAL HOUSING CLUSTER �a lighted baseball diamond and a football field. Other troop recreation is planned adjacent to the dormitories and at the south end of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area. Included are a gymnasium, bowling, airmen's club with swimming pool, library, crafts and hobby shops. Recreation for family housing i s centered around two swimming pool facilities each located opposite the main housing communities. These developments are within the lineal park and linked to the pedestrian system by means of underpasses. Tennis and other activities would be included and it is intended that these complexes have a sense of neighborhood identity. Other common recreational opportunities include two movie theatres and a marina facility. The lineal park, the large troop recreation area, the neighborhood centers and the Mall, linked by the pedestrian system, form the basic open space structure of the Plan. The OPEN SPACE DIAGRAM illustrates this structure. 62 �COMMUNITY RECREATION FACILITY PARK OVERLOOK bt> a-a TYPICAL OVERALL PARK SECTION-bD c-c LINEAL PARK SECTIONS BOLLING ANACOSTIA MASTER PLAN �TYPICAL B I K E PEDESTRIAN WAY F I L L - 0 TO 10 FT. e-e d-d T Y P I C A L MOUNDED GRADE SEPARATION PEDESTRIAN SECTIONS WAY F I L L - 10 FT. AND OVER BOLLING-ANACOSTIA MASTER PLAN ��LANDSCAPE CONCEPT - ROUSING �TYPICAL VIEW OF SHOPPING AREA �ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER Generally speaking, a brick architecture trimmed with concrete, cast-in-place or pre-cast is proper for Bolling/Anacostia. This architecture should constitute the overall fabric of the base and should serve as a visual foil to the limestone-colored pre-cast concrete expanse of the DOB. In keeping with some of the newer structures in the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area, dark grey metal roofing and spandrel panels with batten seams can be used for punctuation and accent, but this use should be sparing lest it lose impact through over-repetition. Where used for roofing, it should be reserved for lower structures. Throughout the entire base, which is low-lying, careful treatment should be given to roof design to control roof structures, color and general appearance. To the extent possible in the mall area, common cornice lines should be struck and vertical elements and dimensions should be carefully related. Monumental scale should be avoided and individual buildings should fit well with one another and the mall upon which they open. In the Industrial/Technical Area, flat roofs will prevail and a strong concrete coping should be used in a consistent way to insure unity. Here again, common cornice lines should be struck although they will perforce differ on opposite sides of the inner road due to differing building types and dimension. Community Center facilities should continue the general brick character of the other major site areas but the use of larger openings, graphics and street furniture and the like should denote the commercial, meeting-place quality of the center. Ideally, family housing should also be executed in brick with dark grey, brown, or black roofs. A somewhat greater variety in brick colors would be desirable for family housing than in the mall or industrial/technical area but brick used throughout should be in a compatible range of colors for the base as a whole. The pressure of economics is such that family housing may well have to be frame and siding. In this case, the use of plywood sidings, finished on the job, would be preferable to the various pre-finished sidings available. Job finishing allows much more control over color schemes than pre-finished materials which are limited in selection and therefore inflexible. Earth colors, sympathetic to brick colors elsewhere on base, should predominate. If economic considerations suggest the use of some brick mixed with frame and siding, then certain clusters should be a l l brick with the balance a l l siding. The �two materials should not be mixed on individual houses nor in rows. As indicated on the Plan and to prevent monotony, rows of houses should have systemati set-backs and long rows without breaks should be avoided. Design of family recreation structures should be residential in feeling and in the same character as the housing., The overall architectural character of the base should be simple with consistent materials, brick and concrete, and should have a sense of quality and reasonable permanence. The feeling should be one of neat and attractive serviceability with occasional special accents at key places and buildings. Throughout, this character and sense of quality should be reinforced by the proposed landscape program which should be given high priority. 70 �VIEW OF OVERPASS AND SHOPPING AREA �INDUSTRIAL / T E C H N I C A L AREA �ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT A memorandum from the Deputy Secretary of Defense dated 8 August 1970, specifies that in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, DOD activities must submit an Environmental Statement for proposed action if, in the opinion of the DOD activity, the action qualifies for a statement under either one of the two following criteria set forth in the Secretary's memorandum: (1) A significant adverse environmental effect will result from the proposed action, or (2) the proposed action is likely to be controversial with respect to environmental effects. While the Master Plan for Bolling/Anacostia does not meet the test of the above criteria and no official Environmental Statement is therefore required, the following impact analysis has been prepared in keeping with the spirit of the National Environmental Policy Act. The Plan is consistent with plans prepared for the area in the provision of a major employment center, the inclusion of housing of moderate cost and in the proposal for a park strip along the water's edge. While the bulk of employment will be relocated from other areas in Washington and the National Capital Region, a number of new lower income jobs will be created most particularly at the DOB. The Plan proposes approximately 2,000 new housing units, of which 1,341 are for junior officers and non-commissioned officers. This housing will help to offset the current military deficit of 5, 000 family housing units in the National Capital Region. As this is a particularly acute problem for junior personnel and their families, construction of these units will proportionately reduce competition for low and moderate income housing units in the civilian market. Two new elementary schools are provided to meet the needs of the new on-base housing communities and a secondary school is proposed to serve both on-site and off-site educational needs. The Plan includes fully adequate community support facilities for the proposed new housing. Retail shopping facilities, service facilities such as dry cleaning, barber shop, etc. , are contained within the Community Center as are a Post Office, bank, credit union and the like. Also proposed are a youth center and a day care center. Accordingly, existing community facilities will not be overloaded by anticipated base development. 73 �Access to the base will be facilitated by development of three major connections to the South Capitol Street Corridor and peak hour volumes v/ill therefore be manageable. The increase in the working population at the base, however, will require upgrading of South Capitol Street, 1-295 and the interchanges at N R L , Chesapeake Street, Portland Street, the DOB and F i r t h Sterling Street. Improvements to be undertaken by the District Highway Department, aided by funds from the DOD, will eliminate increased traffic volume as an adverse environmental factor. The impact of surface parking will be greatly reduced by proposed structured parking at the DOB, within the high r i s e A F Administration facility and in the decked and rooftop parking indicated along the spine road and Duncan Avenue. This parking, where not completely concealed within structures, will be bermed and carefully landscaped. Not only will parking be controlled aesthetically but valuable land will be recovered for higher use. Enhancing environmental quality w i l l be the extensive pedestrian and bicycle system interconnecting housing, schools, the riverside park, the community center and the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area without conflict with automobile traffic. Demolishing decaying temporary structures, adequately developing the 1,000 acre site and removing the unsightly and unused airfield pavement will bring stability to the area with a corresponding effect on the neighboring community. Current A i r Force programs linked to the community will continue and can be strengthened as a result. The lineal park at the r i v e r ' s edge will constitute an ecological advance. Existing growth w i l l be retained and new planting and water's edge treatment will recapture the shoreline as a prime resource. Wildlife, now largely non-existent on the site, may be encouraged by this development. Supporting the park improvement is the general overall landscape plan together with the proposed open space structure which calls for increased planting as development progresses. Land quality, poor in bearing capacity and below the 100 year flood level in many areas, w i l l be improved by a controlled site filling and grading program. Advantage w i l l be taken of this program to provide satisfactory drainage, above and below grade, and soil conditioning is suggested for f i l l in areas where major planting occurs. No harmful substance, including chemicals, w i l l be discharged upon the land surface and solid waste w i l l continue to be disposed of off base under contract to a private concern. Air pollution from jet use of the Washington National Airport and from bus and automobile traffic in the 1-295 Corridor occurs today and is beyond control of the Master Plan. Relief results, however, from the virtually constant summer and winter winds associated 74 �with this river site. Fuel used in the central heating plant is low in sulphur content and does not contribute to air pollution. The base will continue to discharge sanitary waste into the various lines leading to the Blue Plains Treatment Plant. Increasing loads occasioned by planned development w i l l be more than offset by the current enlargement of the Blue Plains Plant. Storm drainage w i l l be controlled by filling, proper grading, underground drainage systems and adequate landscaping. Soil erosion and siltation will be prevented by use of the latest control practices during construction. The chief noise problem at Bolling/Anacostia w i l l be aircraft use of the Washington National Airport. Current helicopter operation by the President's Squadron and the Metropolitan Police will be phased out in the short-term eliminating this source of noise. Minor helicopter and hydrofoil access to the DOB will not contribute significantly to noise pollution. The proposed Master Plan for Bolling/Anacostia should have no adverse environmental impact, either on site or off. Rather it should result in considerable environmental improvement in the area. 75 ��Section Three LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT Existing Landscape Character Landscape Concept Technical Data 79 79 102 ��EXISTING LANDSCAPE CHARACTER The site is surrounded by the Anacostia River and River Valley to the north and west, the Anacostia Freeway to the east, and the Potomac River Valley to the south. The best views are across the r i v e r to the west where one can see an impressive panorama of the Washington Masonic National Memorial, the Washington Sailing Marina, National Airport, Crystal City, the Arlington Cemetery, the Potomac River Valley, East Potomac Park, the Washington Monument, Fort McNair and the U. S. Capitol. Because of the site's proximity to National Airport, the noise level and frequency of air craft departures and a r r i v a l s presents a major design problem - - not unfamiliar to most military bases. Adequate amounts of vegetation where there is none at present would aid considerably to muffle and soften some of this environmental i r r i t a tion. Because of this a l l pervasive influence on the character of the landscape every effort should be made to reduce its impact. Ecologically, the site is a typical example of coastal plain estuarine development. Presently it consists of a combination of open flood plain with areas of land fill added over a period of years to create level air landing strips. The ground surface lies generally between elevation 11 and 16, except for a portion to the south of the property which is at elevation 7. Typical of a i r fields, there is a vast flat openness to the site except for the southeast edge which r i s e s toward the expressway. The r i v e r edge possesses a varied condition starting from the north with a man-made levee and sea wall. Moving south where there is no sea wall or levee, many sections of the slopes adjacent to the edge show evidence of shore line erosion encroachment due to the swift r i v e r currents and a lack of soil holding vegetation. Methods should be employed along these portions of the r i v e r ' s edge to stabilize this natural erosive action. Back from the r i v e r ' s edge, vegetation cover varies. In general -- there is very little of it, though in some cases mature trees stand close to the water's edge and natural grasses provide soil cover. LANDSCAPE CONCEPTS MAJOR V E H I C U L A R CIRCULATION Vehicular circulation is comprised of a major loop road which functions as a collector and distributor of traffic, major connector roads between the expressway and the loop road at Portland Street, Overlook Avenue, Suitland Parkway Entrance, and primary and secondary access roads to the housing areas and industrial zones. �The pedestrian circulation system consists of a series of exterior at-grade walkways and underpasses which connect the base with the Base Exchange and Commissary, housing areas and waterfront park. The roads form the basic landscape structure. Design recommendation for general landscaping treatment of the major roads throughout the project is a key element to the project improvement. Fifty foot spacing of willow oaks are proposed on both sides of the Spine Road as it winds through the site from north to south to denote the major connection element between the Defense Office Building and the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area. T i l i a Cordata (Little Leaf Linden) in formal rows, is planned for Duncan Street. The trees are utilized in pair groupings to establish a different character for Duncan Street, They are spaced 40' apart, with 80' gaps between pairs parallel to each other, on both sides of the street. Duncan Street serves as a major collector of traffic and this organization of pair groupings helps to reinforce its unique character. The primary and secondary housing roads should have a more informal tree grouping treatment to differentiate their surrounding function from that of the spine road. This informal treatment would be in the form of alternation. In a given length several trees sould be planted on one side of the road only. Then, down the road trees would be planted only on the other side so that both economy and a three dimensional design is created in sympathy with the informality of the housing arrangement. Trees chosen for this use are Platanus Acerifolia (London Plane Tree). 80 �The types of landscape treatment for the roads within the project, as illustrated on the following pages, indicates conceptual design intent standards and should be adjusted accordingly to accommodate specific conditions and comply with regulatory controls. Placement of trees adjacent to general street lighting should be limited to a 10 foot minimum from each side of the light pole. Clear visibility of traffic lights at intersections must be assured by limiting placement of this to a 15 foot minimum from street intersections. Minimum dimensions are required to sufficiently accommodate tree planting in strips near those buildings that are adjacent to public spaces. This minimum width varies from 12 to 18 feet from road or curb edge to face of building, depending on the location and specific conditions. �LANDSCAPE TREATMENT SPINE ROAD �ROAD SECTION AT DUNCAN AVENUE �ROAD SECTION IN HOUSING AREAS �TRI-SERVICE CANTONEMENT AREA SERVICE ROAD �SENSE O F A R R I V A L Major automobile entrances to the site are from Portland Street and from several expressway exits to the north of the NPC and to the south at the NRL. For Portland Street, the entry to the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area is very important as an a r r i v a l destination. Double rows of willow oaks would be used to highlight the major road edge, along with a slightly mounded open meadow between Portland and the Administrative Building entries. Continuing down Portland to its intersection with the major north-south spine road, one comes upon a major contact point with the base housing areas. Here exists a tremendous opportunity to create a water impoundment area. The water itself sould serve to create a sense of a r r i v a l into the housing community and simultaneously become a landmark to which one may relate. The earth work necessary to excavate for this water impoundment can be used to aid in the f i l l operations for the housing so that some economies can be realized. 86 �EDGES The site as viewed from the expressway has a varied impact on the driver. In some cases, for example, near the Naval Photographic Center, the site is quite open and exposed and the expressway elevation is higher than the site. When this occurs a strong screen planting of Pinus Strobus (White Pine) with its low branching characteristics has been utilized. When the grade differential is not so great, Tsuga Canadensis, (Canadian Hemlock) has been chosen to help give variation to this essential screening. The industrial service roads should also have an informal character to break up the long monotonous expanses of structure and heavy trucking docks, but in this case the trees and related understory planting would be chosen primarily for their screening ability. The canopy tree spaced here more closely at 30' O. C. would be Gleditsia Triacanthos Inermis (Honey Locust). The general service roads would be planted in a similar fashion but they would not need to have as formal street tree arrangement as the other more important roads. Instead, more of an evergreen palette to screen out certain stretches would be appropriate. Of prime importance is the rear areas of the industrial zone facing the Anacostia expressway from NPC proceeding south. The backs of these kinds of uses with a railroad as a foreground usually become unsightly scrap yards and neglected stretches. Plant species organized informally in large drifts to screen out this view would be a continuation of the Tsuga Canadensis (Canadian Hemlock) with a possible second row of Crateagus Phaenopyrun (Washington Hawthorne) on the service road side of the tracks. �LANDSCAPE EDGES AT PARKING AREAS �L I N E A L PARK CONCEPT The three mile lineal river-edge park is the prime element for most of the planned recreational facilities of the proposed program on the site. It would provide an opportunity for relaxation in the pursuit of recreational activity in sharp contrast to the activity program planned for the rest of the site. The design intent is to create an environment as free from surrounding distractions as possible while providing a well balanced program of recreational variety. Automobile access would be provided by secondary roads which loop to the northsouth spine road. Pedestrian bicycle access from the housing areas would be provided in selected locations in coordination with the planned pedestrian way system. As one drives along the perimeter road adjacent to this lineal park, the intent is that he w i l l be able to get an occasional glimpse through the trees to the r i v e r beyond. Anticipated views have been designated by K L C as mentioned earlier. These openings can be determined by multiplying the design speed of the road times 7 in order to achieve a 5 second viewing period. This can be diagrammed as follows: 89 �The park itself is visualized to be a series of contrasting spaces of active and passive recreation so that at any one point along the park the user is not far from a variety of experiences that are planned for the park. The three major active recreational focal points of the park are two family recreation community facilities adjacent to the north and south communities, and one major area containing sports fields midway to the park near the DOB site. The park areas between these focal points would provide more informal passive recreation space. 90 �FAMILY RECREATION CENTER �OVERLOOK AT LINEAL PARK �PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION The three mile long pedestrian way was conceived as a connection to and a way between housing clusters. It would provide internal circulation and recreation space for pedestrians and bicyclists free from auto traffic hazards as well as a planning structure defining sub-community organization. Its proposed elevation would essentially be at the existing grade of the site. In this way, a valley floor would be flanked between mounded-up housing plateaus (necessitated by flood level requirements. ) Needless to say, this approach requires little f i l l material for the pedestrian way and would be a very economical approach. In addition, the roads also would be on a raised mounted plateau to satisfy flooding provisions. The pedestrian way connection across roads would be by underpass structures. This would hopefully create a safe and direct distraction from connection for pedestrians of a l l ages as well as allow more continuity of automobile traffic. The walks within the pedestrian way were designed as a dual system. It would be better to have two more narrow walks separated by mounding and plant material than it would be to have a single wide walkway that does not allow much freedom of movement. It is envisioned that one walk would be used mainly by pedestrians while the other would be used by bicycle riders. It is entirely possible that both would be used by bicycle r i d e r s , but additional design features could be incorporated at a later stage to keep them separated. By building two parallel walks it is hoped that more design flexibility is possible. The plant material palette for the pedestrian way would essentially be shade trees, under story trees, evergreens and rough grasses. Their choice requires low maintenance characteristics, a necessity for an area such as this. Though a sophisticated maintenance program could be instituted either through a home owners type association or by private means, a material section and layout which requires anything more than routine minimal maintenance can quickly deteriorate in quality. Rough grasses should be chosen so that even if only mowed a few times a year they would always be presentable. The use of plant material in combination with mounding is the least expensive way to create an attractive meaningful environment that would accomplish most of the before mentioned goals for a pedestrian oriented system of this magnitude. �TYPICAL PEDESTRIAN WAY �BERM PLANTING-PEDESTRIAN WAY �M A L L LANDSCAPING - E X T E R N A L The internal appearance of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area should be one of a luxuriant vigorous plant growth - - year round - - with the plants protected from the harsh climatic conditions of the site. This could be accomplished by the use of abundant evergreen plant materials on the two exposed east and west sides of this mall. These evergreens would be planted on the soutside of the ring service roads as shown on the accompanying S E R V I C E ROAD SECTION Drawing. Therefore, these evergreens on the exterior of the mall are important to the contract of lush planting that occurs within the mall. The evergreens have the added advantage of screening out service and other utilitarian elements such as parking, transformers, service stations, loading docks, etc. , which usually are exposed and tend to detract from the visual quality of an area. Tsuga Canadensis (Canadian Hemlock) and Pinus Strobus (White Pine) are the predominant evergreens. Deciduous trees, however, should be used almost exclusively within the mall area itself to reflect and emphasize the formal spatial systems. Therefore, the mall side of the service road w i l l be planted with a formal row at fifty foot spacing of T i l i a Cordata (Little Leaf Linden) . These trees will also be used within the mall in bosque-like plantings. 96 �EXTERNAL SERVICE ROAD MALL AREA �M A L L LANDSCAPING - INTERNAL Within the mall, the long axis has, as a terminus to one end, the proposed band practice building and at the opposite end, the existing troop mess hall. This axis ties the administrative facilities with the troop support facilities. This strong axis is illustrated in the two accompanying plans. Along this axis, the pedestrian way crosses at right angles to the mall. The pedestrian way's distinctive dual walk-way here shows up as a formal dual walkway. At this cross axis point, the pedestrian way touches two formal bosque-like plantings which can become outdoor sitting plazas on pleasant days. At the same time these formal bosque-like plantings of T i l i a Cordata (Little Leaf Linden) serve as strong anchors to the proposed use of the band practice building. As shown on the two accompanying drawings, the long axis of the mall will also use T i l i a Cordata (Little Leaf Linden); the spacing of Lindens vary because of unidentified entry points. But the ingredient important here is the alignment of the mall with these trees on the back edge of the mall in front of the new or existing buildings. This edge forms the structure of the mall, and the various indentations of the buildings become unimportant if the trees are in a strong line, and low hedges cr walls are utilized as a continuous element (and incidentally, create courtyards. ) In short, the internal appearance of the mall will be one of an orderly organizing element, with deciduous trees used almost exclusively to reflect and emphasize the formal spatial systems of the buildings. The only exceptions to this should be the use of small deciduous flowering trees in conjunction with foundation planting and the use of an occasional specimen tree to complement a courtyard. As viewed from a distance, this contrast of inside versus outside will provide the desired distinctive image of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area. The effect of deciduous trees planted in either formal lines or in bosque-like settings, with evergreens forming a strong edge, as seen over the tops of and between the spaces of buildings will help to knit the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area together and aid in providing the desired impression of invitation. From outside one would almost be able to sense the lushness, a sort of oasis, protected within the confines of the project. 98 �LANDSCAPE TREATMENT MAJOR MALL AXIS �TRI-SERVICE CANTONEMENT AREA �LANDSCAPE TREATMENT MUSIC BUILDING AREA �TECHNICAL SOIL CONDITIONS The soil conditions in this area of Washington are classified as medium to stiff clays. Although the majority of the future planted areas will receive fill to a certain degree, the ability to provide good drainage characteristics will be limited. The experience at other sites in the region has been one of generally poor soil under-drainage due to these soil types. One approach to this problem is to import special planting soil for tree planting operations. This, however, is very expensive and does not solve the underlying drainage problem completely. As long as f i l l is being used to establish the new grades, it may be simpler to condition this f i l l soil for planting in the appropriate areas, then underdrain by preparing special tree pit under-drainage. Provisions should also be established for pumping out excess water out of the pits when the water exceeds 6" accumulation in the pits. If done prior to tree planting, this preparation will assure normal percentage of survival. Most plant materials found growing in these kinds of soils are poorly formed and suffer from apparent slow growth. This is primarily because clay soils consist of large quantities of very fine particles which have insufficient pore space. This inhibits aeration and drainage and provides resistance to root penetration. The addition of organic matter or humus making material will improve the structure and texture of the soil. It will make the soil more friable, thus reducing surface run-off by allowing easier penetration of rainfall and easier root penetration. It will improve drainage and provide a better balance of air and water which w i l l in turn provide a better environment for beneficial bacterial life. Lawn areas within the pedestrian precinct of the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area should have this material worked into at least the top six inches of soil. Tree pits and shrub beds throughout the Bolling/Anacostia project should be larger than normally recommended and filled with topsoil that is well fortified with humus making material and slow acting fertilizers. The fertilizers will stimulate faster and better growth by helping to correct nutrient deficiencies. Soil improvement projects should be started and carried out thoroughly with grading operations and the preparation of planting areas prior to planting. It is almost i m possible to do it well after plants have been installed. This may be laborious and incur a high initial expense but it w i l l provide better plants and continue to produce them without much additional feeding for a longer period of time than soil not properly or thoroughly prepared. 102 �S I Z E O F PLANT M A T E R I A L Much discussion is usually given in trying to decide whether to do small size planting in groves or large size individual planting treatments. The most flexible design approach is to choose a smaller size caliper tree. The minimum caliper recommended for a l l tree species should be not less than 2-1/2" in caliper. Although this size caliper is an inch larger than most minimum standards it is more easily transplanted with smaller root ball. It can be replaced readily without sacrificing size over the first four or five years, yet it has great adaptability, a high survival rate, and sufficient hardiness to comply with clearance and trimming standards. The smaller intermediate scale trees and ornamentals contemplated for Boiling / Anacostia are planned for grove-like planting also. In essence, it is a tighter spacing than normal, with again a small caliper size, but placed in large broad stroke massing, in order to define and enrich spaces. MAINTENANCE CHARACTERISTICS Once a tree is planted, further low maintenance methods should be employed such as the use of a good high percentage mixture of peat or humus and a berm saucer of 4 inches placed around the trees in such a way as to divert surface water run-off. By a l l of these methods, flooding conditions can be minimized in the tree pits. A l l of the trees chosen in the list are based on the "Street Tree Study for the District of Columbia" by the Barlett Tree Expert Company, and correlated with the Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd Preliminary Study for Developing a Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital Planning Commission with an eye towards two maintenance tree types. Since watering without irrigation is a costly and time consuming operation and would have to be limited to specific areas, we recommend that irrigation only be provided to all landscaped areas within the pedestrian precinct of a l l the T r i - S e r v i c e Cantonement Area to create a luxurious effect. A l l plant materials outside that area should be encouraged to adapt to existing conditions, however, supplemental watering will be required for the first few years since newly planted material requires more moisture than existing plants. Anything that can be done to increase or conserve moisture in these areas or make plants more self-reliant should be done to reduce not only the work of maintenance but also the cost. This might include surface mulches or the close planting of material which w i l l expose less open space to the sun's rays and thus reduce the evaporation rate. �Irrigation of course i s unavoidable in certain key areas which must have a manicured attended look. In weighing the comparative merits of manual and automatic irrigation methods, we feel that the automatic system has far more advantages. A manual system is normally operated during the day because of the cost of night labor. This requires an increased amount of water because of the higher evaporation rate during the day. Manual control also usually means that water will be applied for inaccurate lengths of time resulting in wasted water and/or injured plants. On the other hand, an automatic system greatly limits a l l these waste factors. It applies the precise amount of water needed at a time when the least amount of people will be inconvenienced. There is also a lower evaporation rate and usually less wind during the evening or early morning hours. With this type of system one can normally expect a twenty to twentyfive percent savings in the amount of water used. PLANTING P A L E T T E As mentioned earlier, the site is at the terminus of a coastal plain ecology. Mixed Oak, Hickory and Pine forest is generally found within the vicinity of the coastal plain, In addition to ecological concerns, plants chosen should reflect hardiness and be the kinds of trees, which once introduced to this environment, will thrive and encourage a higher order of communities. Canopy Trees Species Quercus Phellos (Willow Oak) Spine Road Zelkova Serrata (Japanese Zelkova) Lineal Park Quercus Borealis (Red Oak) Pedestrian Way/Surface Parking Lots Quercus Robur (English Oak) Pedestrian Way/Lineal Park Fagus Grandfolia (American Beech) Pedestrian Way/Lineal Park T i l i a Cordata (Little Leaf Linden) Duncan Street/Tri-Service Cantonement Area 104 �Platanus Acerifolia (London Plane Tree) Primary and Secondary Roads Gleditsia Triacanthos Inermis "Moraine" (Moraine Honey Locust) Industrial and Service Roads Intermediate Zone Trees Amelanchier Candensis (Shadblow Service Berry) Pedestrian Way Acer Campestree (Hedge Maple) Lineal Park Acer Ginnala (Amur Maple) Lineal Park Crataegus Phaeno pyrum (Washington Hawthorne) Industrial and Service Roads Lager stroemia Indica (Crepe Myrtle) Mall/Tri-Service Cantonement Area Accent Trees and Shrubs Cornus species Malus species Siberian Crabapple Radiant Crabapple Prunus Species Amanogawa Flowering Cherry Sekiyama Flowering Cherry Yedoewsis Flowering Cherry Viburnum Species �Accent Trees and Shrubs (Cont'd. ) Azalea Species Ilex Species Evergreen Trees Pinus Nigra (Austrian Pine) Pinus Strobus (White Pine) Tsuga Canadensis (Canadian Hemlock) 106 ��Section Four SUPPORTING DATA Building Index Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Bibliography 112 115 135 156 161 ��BOLLING-ANACOSTIA �BUILDING INDEX 1. Administration 2. Band Practice Building 3. Parking Structure 4. Bowling Alley 5. Gymnasium 6. Hangar 7. Photo Recon. Lab. 8. Heating Facility Building 9. Heating Facility Building Extension 10. Airmen's Club 11. NCO Academy 12. Squadron Headquarters 13. L i b r a r y , Crafts 14. Dormitory, Medium-Rise 15. Dormitory, High-Rise 16. Dining Hall 17. Dispensary 18. Chapel 19. Officers' Club 20. Officers' Mess 21. BOQ 22. Officers' Mess 23. Base Theatre 24. Base Police 25. Base Administration 26. Commissary 27. Base Exchange 28. Theatre 29. Sales Outlet 30. Clothing Store 31. Cafeteria 32. Post Office 33. Credit Union 34. Bank 35. Thrift Shop 36. Day Care Center 37. Youth Center 38. Motel 39. Elementary School 40. Family Recreation Area 41. NCO Club 42. Marina 43. Marine Maintenance Shop 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. Boat Storage Crash Boat Crew Station F i r e Station Unspecified Building Car Care Center Car Wash Gas Station Auto Hobby Shop A F Base Engineer, B. E . Maintenance, Auto Maintenance (Parking on Roof) Open Storage USN Public Works Shops, Store Equipment Shed, Vehicle Maintenance Shed, Auto Maintenance Shop (USN and USMC) (Parking on Roof) PEPCO Substation USN Filling Station USAF Filling Station A F Warehouse USN Ready Issue Warehouse USN Exchange Warehouse Naval Photographic Center USN/USMC Reserve Training Center Junior High School North Recreation Area Troop Recreation Area Family Housing Area I Senior NCO Housing Area Family Housing Area I I Family Housing Area I I I Family Housing Area IV Family Housing Area V Family Housing Area V I Senior Officers' Quarters General Officers' Quarters Defense Office Building DOB Parking Cyclotron Naval Research Laboratory Blue Plains Sewage Treatment Plant ��n APPENDIX I �BOLLING/ANACOSTIA MASTER PLAN APPENDIX I - SUPPORTING DATA SUMMARY: COMPONENT S I T E AREAS 142.47 ACRES T R I - S E R V I C E CANTONEMENT AREA I N D U S T R I A L / T E C H N I C A L COMPLEX 74.21 COMMUNITY 33.35 CENTER SOUTH NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER 6.26 NORTH NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER 6. 11 SUB- T O T A L 262.40 ACRES 55.00 OFFICERS" HOUSING A R E A SOUTH COMMUNITY 203.13 NORTH COMMUNITY 114. 06 9. 13 SENIOR NCO HOUSING A R E A SUB- T O T A L 381.32 ACRES OPE RATIONAL MARINA 14.43 SOUTH F A M I L Y R E C R E A T I O N A R E A 23.64 NORTH F A M I L Y RECREATION A R E A 24.70 WEST TROOP R E C R E A T I O N A R E A 37.31 NORTH R E C R F A T I O N A R E A 19. 11 SUB- •TOTAL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 119. 19 A C R E S 24.00 T O T A L N E T A R E A (Exclusive of Portland St.& main spine road) 786.91 ACRES T O T A L GROSS A R E A 801.40 ACRES �D E F E N S E O F F I C E BUILDING S I T E (less area required for road realignment) SUB-TOTAL 109.93 A C R E S 58. 83 B E L L E V U E HOUSING A R E A 129.24 N A V A L R E S E A R C H LABORATORY 8.08 NAVY CYCLOTRON SUB-TOTAL SUMMARY: 114.31 ACRES 4.38 196. 15 A C R E S HOUSING UNITS 24 DU 19 43 DU Existing Proposed 8 DU 32 SUB-TOTAL SENIOR O F F I C E R S ' QUARTERS Existing Proposed SUB-TOTAL G E N E R A L O F F I C E R S ' QUARTERS 40 DU F I E L D GRADE OFFICERS* QUARTERS Proposed 221 DU CO. GRADE O F F I C E R S ' QUARTERS Proposed 286 DU SENIOR NCO QUARTERS Proposed 3 DU NCO QUARTERS Existing Proposed 300 DU 41 SUB-TOTAL 341 DU Proposed 326 SUB-TOTAL 667 DU Proposed 688 DU EXISTING 332 DU NCO & E N L I S T E D MENS' QUARTERS T O T A L F A M I L Y HOUSING UNITS PROPOSED 1,616 TOTAL 1,948 DU 117 �NON-FAMILY HOUSING BOQ 1, 100 MN DORMITORY - AIRMEN Existing Proposed 1, 100 MN 2,376 SUB-TOTAL 3, 476 MN TOTAL 4, 576 MN SUMMARY: PARKING NON-HOUSING STRUCTURED DECKED OPEN 350 CARS 5,798 3,343 SUB-TOTAL HOUSING COVERED OPEN 1, 634 CARS 922 SUB-TOTAL TOTAL 118 9,491 CARS 2,556 CARS 12, 047 CARS �EXISTING COMPONENT S I T E A R E A S 333.81 A C R E S 34.40 U. S. N A V A L STATION (less area returned to District of Columbia) TOTAL 299.41 A C R E S includes: Naval Photographic Center 10 A C R E S HMX - 1 50 A C R E S 114.31 A C R E S D E F E N S E O F F I C E BUILDING S I T E BOLLING A I R F O R C E BASE including easement excluding right-of-way Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Alexandria Branch Line excluding D. C . sewer area 620. 00 A C R E S 9. 33 A C R E S 4. 41 2. 02 (less proposed Urban Renewal Area) proposed r i v e r crossing 252. 40 A C R E S 10. 89 9.42 TOTAL 20. 31 A C R E S 38.98 5.38 proposed N R L expansion TOTAL 44.36 A C R E S as per 1965 NCPC approved plan 302. 89 A C R E S as per 1969 A i r Force Scheme I I I 410. 00 A C R E S B E L L E V U E HOUSING (less N R L expansion area) N A V A L R E S E A R C H LABORATORY includes PEPCO easement plus miscellaneous additions 17.41 A C R E S 103. 37 A C R E S 1. 00 A C R E S TOTAL T O T A L A R E A BOLLING/ANACOSTIA 58. 83 ACRES 41.42 25. 87 129.24 A C R E S 1,107.48 A C R E S 119 �T R I - S E R V I C E CANTONEMENT A R E A HEADQUARTERS ADMINISTRATION A R E A EXISTING: 53. 87 ACRES Administration Facility - Building #20 Parking - Open 4.90 ACRES GROSS A R E A PROPOSED: 64, 128 S F 150 CARS 799,000 S F 82,000 Headquarters Administration Complex Band Practice Facility - USAF TOTAL PARKING: Decked (2 levels) Structured (Under HQ Complex) TOTAL 881, 000 S F 2,472 CARS 350 2, 822 CARS 48.97 A C R E S GROSS A R E A 65.55 A C R E S TROOP SUPPORT A R E A Dispensary - USAF Dormitory - Airmen Dining Hall - Airmen proposed expansion 1,100 MN 1,500 MN 1,500 37, 680 S F 180,000 18, 600 S F 9,000 SUB-TOTAL EXISTING: 3, 000 MN 27,600 S F HQ Squadron proposed expansion 22,172 SF 18, 000 SUB-TOTAL 40, 172 S F Bowling Alley proposed expansion 16 lanes 16 lanes 13, 600 S F 14, 000 SUB-TOTAL 32 lanes 27, 600 S F Service Club - Airmen 120 27,800 S F �Photo Lab Reconnaissance Heating Facility Building Gymnasium (in converted hanger) 10, 432 S F 12,068 46,230 TOTAL PROPOSED: Lowrise Dormitories - Airmen 11 three-story structures @ 216 MN @ 30, 000 S F 409,582 S F 2,376 MN 330, 000 S F Chapel Center - 400 seats Library and Craft Hobby Shop NCO Adademy - USAF 18,500 S F 45,000 27, 800 TOTAL 421,300 S F GRAND T O T A L 830, 882 S F PARKING: Decked (2 levels) Open 2,292 CARS 223 TOTAL RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: Exterior - Softball Fields Swimming Pool 2 1 O F F I C E R S ' CLUB - BOQ A R E A EXISTING: 23. 05 A C R E S Officers' Club Officers' Open Mess Recreational Facility 73,819 S F 6,262 11,546 SUB- •TOTAL PROPOSED: 2,515 CARS 91,627 S F 343,700 S F 21,300 BOQ - 1,100 MN Recreational Facility SUB-•TOTAL 365, 000 S F TOTAL 456, 627 S F 121 �PARKING: Open - BOQ 252 CARS Officers' Club/Recreational Facilities 214 TOTAL 466 CARS RECREATIONAL FACILITIES: Exterior - Tennis Courts Swimming Pools 4 2 SUMMARY T O T A L EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO REMAIN 478, 107 S F T O T A L PROPOSED EXPANSION & CONVERSION 87,230 S F 1,667,300 S F T O T A L PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION GRAND T O T A L T O T A L PARKING: T O T A L HOUSING: 350 CARS 4,764 839 Structured Decked (2 levels) Open . 2,245,147 S F GRAND T O T A L 5,903 CARS Dormitories - Airmen Existing: Proposed: 1,100 MN 2,376 180, 000 S F 330,000 SUB-TOTAL 3, 476 MN 510, 000 S F BOQ 1,100 MN 343,700 S F TOTAL 4,576 MN 853,700 S F T O T A L GROSS A R E A T R I - S E R V I C E CANTONEMENT A R E A 142.47 ACRES NOTE: A l l facilities are for Consolidated Services unless otherwise noted. 122 �I N D U S T R I A L / T E C H N I C A L COMPLEX NAVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC C E N T E R S I T E 10. 00 A C R E S 140, 376 S F 14, 000 Existing Building to Remain Proposed Warehouse Annex 347 CARS PARKING: Open 7.92 ACRES USN/USMC R E S E R V E TRAINING C E N T E R S I T E 84, 000 SF 3. 00 A C R E S Proposed Building Open Training Area 81 CARS PARKING: Open 66.29 A C R E S MAINTENANCE A R E A PROPOSED: USN S T R U C T U R E Public Works Shops Public Works Shops Store Pavement and Grounds Equipment Shed Vehicle Maintenance Shed Auto Maintenance Shop - USN Auto Maintenance Shop - USMC SUB-TOTAL USAF S T R U C T U R E Base Engineering Administration BE Pavement and Grounds Facility BE Shed Storage - Lumber BE Storage - Covered BE Maintenance Shop Supplies and Equipment Shed Miscellaneous Storage Auto Maintenance Shop - USAF 41,700 SF 16, 000 10, 000 16, 800 25,620 12,090 122,210 SF 15,061 SF 6, 400 1,500 14,362 15,977 13,250 2,520 38,382 SUB-TOTAL Exchange Warehouse - USN Warehouse Ready Issue - USN (including Btn. Whse. USMC - 7,910 S F ) Warehouse - Supplies & Equipment - USAF 107,452 S F 60, 000 S F 352,910 SF 106, 370 S F 123 �Filling Station - 6 island - USN Filling Station - 6 island - USAF Filling Station - 11 island - CONS Car Wash - 5 bays Car Care Center F i r e Station 2, 600 S F 2,600 4,950 11,400 10,400 PEPCO Substation - 200* x 200' x 90' Non-Specified Buildings - one @ 108, 000 S F SUB-TOTAL 108,000 659,230 S F 459 CARS 575 PARKING: Roof - USN Structure USAF Structure SUB-TOTAL 1,034 CARS 172 Open TOTAL ADDITIONAL OPEN STORAGE (UNCOVERED) 1,206 CARS 124, 800 S F SUMMARY T O T A L EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO REMAIN T O T A L EXPANSION PROPOSED TO EXISTING F A C I L I T I E S GRAND T O T A L 1,127,268 S F 1, 034 CARS 600 ROOF OPEN GRAND T O T A L T O T A L GROSS A R E A I N D U S T R I A L / T E C H N I C A L COMPLEX 124 14, 000 S F 972, 892 S F T O T A L PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION T O T A L PARKING: 140,376 S F 1, 634 CARS 74.21 A C R E S �COMMUNITY C E N T E R PROPOSED: Commissary Base Exchange Sales Outlets and Clothing Store Theatre - 500 seats Cafeteria \ Post Office Credit Union 1 Bank Thrift Shop Day Care Center Youth Center Gas Station - 6 islands Motel - 125 UNITS - 3 Increments @ 21 , 000 S F ea. PARKING: Open - Commissary, Base Exchange, Motel Units TOTAL 296, 050 SF 1,080 CARS 118 TOTAL GROSS A R E A 104,200 S F 54,200 13,300 8,700 7,500 6,300 4, 800 4,800 4, 800 9,600 12, 600 2,250 63,000 1,198 CARS 33.35 A C R E S SOUTH NEIGHBORHOOD C E N T E R PROPOSED: Elementary School (Gross Area) PARKING: Open GROSS A R E A 6.26 A C R E S 90 CARS 6.26 A C R E S NORTH NEIGHBORHOOD C E N T E R PROPOSED: Elementary School Chapel PARKING: Open GROSS A R E A 92 CARS 6.11 A C R E S 125 �F A M I L Y HOUSING OFFICER'S AREA NORTH COMPONENT D E T A C H E D HOUSES - G E N E R A L O F F I C E R S ' QUARTERS EXISTING: 11 DU @ 2.7 D U / A C R E (net) 2.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 32,516 S F 2,956 S F (gross) 21 CARS 4,928 S F Parking: 7 Garage Units @ 3 cars 704 S F PROPOSED: 6 DU @ 3.2 D U / A C R E (net) 1.7 D U / A C R E (gross) 6 Attached Garage Units @ 1 c a r 240 S F EXISTING NON-HOUSING: 4. 1 A C R E S 12,600 S F 2,100 S F (net) Parking: 4.9 ACRES Security Police Building Base Theatre - 460 seats SUB-TOTAL 6 CARS 1,440 S F 6,448 S F 8,160 14, 608 S F S U B - T O T A L EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO REMAIN (GROSS) 52,052 S F S U B - T O T A L PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ( N E T ) 14, 040 S F S U B - T O T A L PARKING 27 CARS 100 Covered Open TOTAL S U B - T O T A L GROSS A R E A 126 127 CARS 14. 88 ACRES �SOUTH COMPONENT D E T A C H E D HOUSES - G E N E R A L O F F I C E R S ' EXISTING: QUARTERS 13 DU @ 2.0 D U / A C R E (net) 1.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 10. 9 A C R E S 26,466 SF 5,584 11 DU @ 2,406 S F (gross) 2 DU @ 2,792 S F (gross) SUB-TOTAL Parking: SUB-TOTALS 6 1 1 2 ••- 2 4 4 5 car car car car 506 S F - 1,006 S F 952 S F - 1, 850 S F Garage Garage Garage Garage 32,050 SF 3,036 SF 1,006 952 3,700 Units Unit Unit Units 8,694 SF 30 CARS 13 Miscellaneous Recreation Facilities: PROPOSED: 13 DU @ 1.1 D U / A C R E (net) 2.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 5.9 ACRES 27,300 SF 2,100 S F (net) Parking: 13 CARS 3,120 S F 13 Attached Garage Units @ 1 car 240 S F 8 Miscellaneous Recreation Facilities S E M I - D E T A C H E D HOUSES - SENIOR O F F I C E R S ' EXISTING: 8 DU @ 6.5 D U / A C R E (net) 4.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 3,910 S F (gross) Parking: PROPOSED: 1 Garage Unit @ 5 cars 1,850 S F QUARTERS 1. 9 ACRES 15, 640 S F 5 CARS 1,850 SF 32 DU @ 3.9 D U / A C R E (net) 2.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 1,670 S F (net) 53,440 S F 127 �Parking: 16 Attached Garage Units @ 2 cars 400 S F 32 CARS 6,400 SF SUB- •TOTAL EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO REMAIN (GROSS) 58,234 SF SUB- T O T A L PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ( N E T ) 90,260 SF SUB- T O T A L PARKING 80 CARS Covered 40. 12 ACRES SUB- T O T A L GROSS AREA SUMMARY T O T A L EXISTING CONSTRUCTION TO REMAIN 110,286 SF T O T A L PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION 104,300 SF GRAND T O T A L T O T A L EXISTING HOUSING UNITS General Officers Senior Officers TOTAL T O T A L PROPOSED HOUSING UNITS General Officers Senior Officers 214,586 SF 24 DU 8 DU 32 DU 19 DU 32 DU TOTAL GRAND T O T A L T O T A L PARKING - GARAGE UNITS 51 DU 83 DU 56 CARS 51 Existing Proposed TOTAL T O T A L GROSS AREA 128 107 CARS 55. 00 ACRES �F A M I L Y HOUSING SOUTH COMMUNITY AREA I - ROWHOUSES - F I E L D GRADE O F F I C E R S ' PROPOSED: QUARTERS 221 DU @ 8.7 D U / A C R E (net) 4. 1 D U / A C R E (gross) 49.32 ACRES @ 1,400 S F (net) for 4 BR Units 1,354 S F (net) for 3 BR Units ( Unit mix to be determined ) A R E A I I - ROWHOUSES - NCO QUARTERS EXISTING: PROPOSED: 300 DU @ 9. 1 D U / A C R E (net) 6. 8 D U / A C R E (gross) 41 DU @ 10.6 D U / A C R E (net) 6.4 D U / A C R E (gross) 43.97 ACRES 6. 40 ACRES @ 1,250 S F (net) for 4 BR Units 1,080 S F (net) for 3 BR Units 1,000 S F (net) for 2 BR Units ( Unit mix to be determined ) TOTAL 341 DU A R E A I I I - ROWHOUSES PROPOSED: - NCO QUARTERS 326 DU @ 10.5 D U / A C R E (net) 5.8 D U / A C R E (gross) A R E A IV - COMPANY GRADE O F F I C E R S ' PROPOSED: 55. 89 ACRES QUARTERS 286 DU @ 10.8 D U / A C R E (net) 6.0 D U / A C R E (gross) @ 1,361 S F (net) for 4 BR Units 1,250 S F (net) for 3 BR Units 1,080 S F (net) for 2 BR Units ( Unit mix to be determined ) 47. 55 ACRES �T O T A L SOUTH COMMUNITY 203.13 ACRES 1, 174 DU EXISTING: Open 377 CARS PROPOSED: PARKING Open @ 1 CAR/DU Covered @ 1 C A R / D U Open @,,5 C A R / D U 41 833 437 TOTAL NORTH 1,688 CARS COMMUNITY A R E A V - NCO & E N L I S T E D MENS' QUARTERS - MIXED BY C L U S T E R PROPOSED: 301 DU @ 9. 8 D U / A C R E (net) 5.8 D U / A C R E (gross) @ 1,250 1,080 1,000 ( Unit 52. 18 ACRES S F (net) for 4 BR Units S F (net) for 3 BR Units S F (net) for 2 BR Units mix to be determined ) A R E A V I - NCO & E N L I S T E D MENS' QUARTERS PROPOSED: T O T A L NORTH - MIXED BY C L U S T E R 387 DU @ 9. 5 D U / A C R E (net) 6.2 D U / A C R E (gross) 61. 88 ACRES COMMUNITY 114.06 ACRES 688 DU 130 PROPOSED: Covered @ 1 C A R / D U Open @.5 C A R / D U 688 CARS 344 TOTAL PARKING 1,032 CARS �SENIOR NCO HOUSING AREA D E T A C H E D HOUSES - SENIOR NCO QUARTERS PROPOSED: 3 DU @ 3.0 D U / A C R E (net) 1.8 D U / A C R E (gross) 1,670 Parking: 5,010 S F (net) 3 Detached Garage Units @ 2 cars 400 S F SF 6 CARS 1,200 SF 15,600 SF NCO Club Parking: 1. 67 ACRES 21 CARS Open 9. 13 ACRES T O T A L GROSS A R E A RECREATIONAL FACILITIES Softball Field 1 OPERATIONAL MARINA AREA EXISTING: 280 SF 1,066 6,308 1,200 Crash Boat Crew Station Marine Maintenance Boat Storage Boat Storage SUB-TOTAL PROPOSED: 16,200 SF Marine Maintenance Shop TOTAL Parking: 25,054 SF 27 CARS Open T O T A L GROSS AREA 8,854 SF (including Marina) 14. 43 ACRES 131 �SOUTH F A M I L Y R E C R E A T I O N AREA PROPOSED: Family Recreation Center Exterior Recreation Facilities: Swimming Pool Wading Pool Playfields Picnic Grounds PARKING: 14,400 1 1 72 Open 23. 64 GROSS AREA SF CARS ACRES NORTH F A M I L Y R E C R E A T I O N AREA PROPOSED: Family Recreation Center Exterior Recreation Facilities Swimming Pool Wading Pool Playfields Picnic Grounds PARKING: Open 14,400 1 1 132 24. 70 GROSS AREA SF CARS ACRES TROOP R E C R E A T I O N A R E A PROPOSED: Exterior Recreation Facilities: Softball Fields Tennis Courts Basketball Courts Volleyball Courts Baseball Field Football Field PARKING: Open GROSS AREA 132 5 8 8 16 1 1 204 37.31 CARS ACRES �NORTH R E C R E A T I O N AREA PROPOSED: (ADJACENT TO JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL) Exterior Recreation Facilities Softball Fields Basketball Courts Volleyball Courts PARKING: Open 1 4 8 16 19. 11 GROSS AREA CARS ACRES JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PARKING: GROSS AREA 68 CARS 24 Open ACRES D E F E N S E O F F I C E BUILDING Building Area (gross) Office Space (net) 2,800,000 1,522,000 SF PARKING 1,000,000 SF - 3 levels GROSS S I T E AREA 109.93 ACRES 133 ��APPENDIX II �T R A F F I C ANALYSIS Basic assumptions in determining peak hour traffic volumes entering and leaving the Base were as follows: 1. Assumptions regarding the exterior freeway system and employee trip distribution were based on the Voorhees study of 1965 for the Defense Office Building as shown on Figure I . 2. Existing peak hour traffic volumes were determined from cordon counts conducted in December 1971. These are shown in Figure II. To do this update of traffic conditions, a line was drawn around Boiling A i r Force Base including the Naval Research Laboratory. A l l traffic crossing this cordon line was counted for both in and out movements. The counts were taken on the same day from 6:30 to 9:00 A. M. and from 4:00 to 6:00 P. M. In addition, intersection counts were taken at Portland Street, Chesapeake Street and the NRL Interchange (Laboratory Road). These counts, showing a l l existing turning movements for both A. M. and P. M. peak hours, are diagrammed in Figures 6 through 13. The cordon counts were used in forecasting future volumes; the intersection counts were used to develop required future modifications to intersections at each entrance. It was assumed that traffic destined for NRL entered and exited at the Chesapeake and Laboratory entrances. 3. Using the existing counts, the following factors were developed for projecting the external evening peak hour traffic generated by the expanded base facilities: Non-resident parking spaces Residential family Resident non-family Community Center - 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 4 trip/parking space outbound 06 trip/parking space inbound 50 trip/unit inbound 25 trip/unit outbound 25 trip/unit inbound 125 trip/unit outbound External (outside of base) 450 trips inbound and 450 outbound Internal (on base) 450 trips each way between Community Center & residential areas. Table I indicates future external trips resulting from these factors. 136 �4. No increase in traffic volume was assumed for N R L . 5. The above ratios were used to project the traffic generated by the end position base loading shown in the Master Plan. Table I I gives these volumes at the access points under several combinations of the alternative access distributions. Distribution " A - A " is assumed to be most representative of current conditions. The volumes at the access points and the traffic generated on principal external access routes is shown in Figure III. 6. The volumes generated by various areas of the base were assigned to the internal road system to develop the functional design shown on the Master Plan. Existing volumes plus generated volumes where applicable along with lane requirements are shown in Figures 4 through 13. The lanes shown for each intersection are sufficient to provide operations at design volumes as shown by the C R I T I C A L MOVEMENT TABULATION. 7. No effort was made to re-evaluate DOB traffic or access. 137 �TABLE I F U T U R E E X T E R N A L TRIPS TRIPS PM PEAK HOUR IN Res. Family - 2046 Units* Res. Non-Family 4576 Units L e s s Internal T r i p s 0. 50 1020 0. 25 0. 25 1140 -450 0. 125 Res. External T r i p s Non-Residential - 8319 Parking Spaces* OUT 500 570 -450 = 630 = 1710 0. 06 510 0. 40 3330 - 3960 Subtotal External Plus External Shopping = 2210 450 Total Ext. A. F . a Traffic Plus NRL Traffic (Existing) = 2660 305 = 4410 1960 Total Future T r i p s = 2965 = 6370 * 138 NOTE: 450 These numbers were used to develop generated traffic and trip distribution. Existing traffic used in the intersectional analyses was obtained from the intersectional counts. �TABLE II PEAK HOUR VOLUMES A T ACCESS POINTS UNDER A L T E R N A T I V E DISTRIBUTION ASSUMPTIONS* E X C L U S I V E OF N R L T R A F F I C DISTRIBUTION (Fig. I ) TOTAL IN OUT NRL I N T E R C H A N G E / CHESAPEAKE PORTLAND STERLING A A 7070 100% 1812 26% 2925 41% 2334 33% A B 7070 100% 1469 21% 2855 40% 2746 39% B A 7070 100% 1700 24% 2875 41% 2496 35% B B 7070 100% 1357 19% 2805 40% 2908 41% PORTLAND STERLING INCLUDING NRL T R A F F I C DISTRIBUTION TOTAL IN OUT NRL I N T E R C H A N G E / CHESAPEAKE A A 9335 100% 4077 44% 2925 31% 2334 25% A B 9335 100% 3734 40% 2855 31% 2746 29% B A 9335 100% 3965 42% 2875 31% 2496 27% B B 9335 100% 3622 39% 2805 30% 2908 31% 139 �ALTERNATIVE A ALTERNATIVE B �Existing Peak Hour T r a f f i c Entering and Leaving Base X X X P .M . Peak Hour ( X X X ) A .M . Peak Hour Source: Counts by T r a f f i c Consultant ��Generated Volumes on External Road System and at Base Access Points - P .M . Peak Hour 1 1 Based on Distribution Alternative AA �SPINE- PORTLAND C R I T I C A L . M o v e M e ^ TAfcOUATiow �PORTLAND-W. DUNCAN 145 �NRL CRITX^AU MOVEMESJT TAftOtAllONl AA 146 �NRL AA 97 CRfTICAU M O V E M E N T TABUlAnoO �8 CHESAPEAKE C R i T i a L MCVENieMT W^LATIONJ 148 �CHESAPEAKE B9 CRITICAL- MCV&MQOT l^THXAnoM AA 149 �10 AA 150 PORTLAND �PORTLAND AA 911 �912 FIRTH STIRLING CRITICAL. MOV6MI5MT W ^ - X A J ' O K i AA 152 �FIRTH STIRLING 013 MOVEMENT TATUXWOti AA 153 �APPENDIX III �APPENDIX I I I A F - NAVY CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM S I T E PREPARATION AND DEMOLITION SCHEDULE PROJECT SCOPE * NCO Club 19000 S F * DOB Phased * Composite Exchange (NAF) Bowling Alley LS 13532 S F Utilities LS VOQ 200 MN Auto Maint. & Veh. Parking 38400 S F Library 8800 SF * * * (l) Supply Warehouse * 100,000 S F Supply Open Storage Theatre (NAF) LS 500 Seats 9000 SF 60000 S F Motel (125 units) 63000 S F AVY Re ctn. Hobby Shop Navy Exchange Warehouse (2) * Z 156 1974 1973 Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish structures, prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish Bldgs. 416, 417, 418, 419, 421, 426, 427, 428. Prepare site, extend utilities & access rd. Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . , check elec.power supply Demolish Bldg. 520, prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish structures 727,160 & 158, prepare site, extend utilities and access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish Bldg. 520, prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish structures T - 4 , 155, prepare site, extend utilities & access rd. Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . �PROJECT SCOPE Band Practice 90000 S F NCO Academy (3) 7000 S F Civil Engr. 40000 S F Civil Engr. Open Storage LS F i r e Station 4 ST Utilities NCO Club Add'n. Rectn Courts (NAF) LS 7000 S F LS LS NAVY Car Care Center (NAF) Filling Station 2600 S F Add'n to NPC 14000 S F * Admin. Bldg. 180, 000 S F * Dormitory 500 MN Utilities Swimming Pool (NAF) Child Care Center (NAF) Site Development Public Works Shop LS 12332 S F * * * * NAV * 10500 S F LS 122, 210 S F 1975 1976 Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . check elec.power supply Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . , check elec. power supply Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Provision made in 1973 Remove DOB f i l l prepare site Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish structure 171, prepare site Prepare utilities Prepare utilities site, extend & access r d . site, extend & access r d . Prepare utilities Prepare utilities site, extend & access r d . site, extend & access r d . Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . 157 �PROJECT SCOPE * Marina Facility (4) LS * Clothing Sales Post Office Education Center Utilities Adminis tration Bldg. 10, 600 S F 6,500 S F 19,800 S F LS 90,000 S F VOQ 200 Men T L Q (NAF) Ready Issue Warehouse (5) 60 units 352, 910 S F USN/USMC Reserve T r a i n ing Center 84,000 S F * * * * * * Addn to Dispensary/ Dental Clinic Conference Center 40,000 S F Dormitory Commissary 1, 376 Man 96,000 S F * Administration Facility Gymnasium 540, 000 S F 158 UNPROGRAMMED Demolish structures 925,928,924,950, prepare site Prepare site Prepare site Prepare site Demolish structures 19,515,516,517,518, Prepare site Demolish Structures 422,424,425,429,431, 54. Prepare site, extend access r d s . Prepare site Demolish Structures 157,151,16l( ), 150, 154,155,164,156,162, 163(5), prepare site 5 * * * 1977 45,000 S F Prepare site, extend utilities and access r d . Demolish Structure 17 Demolish Structure 415. Remodel Hangar #1 Prepare site Relocate from Hangar #2 Demolish Structures 5,16,14 . Prepare site Relocate Commissary from Hangar #2 . R e model Hangar #2. Structure 15 can then be demolished to allow parking structure construction �r * * * * * * * Dining Hall Addition Chapel Req'd. upon Dormitory Completion Prepare site, construct in connection w . north elementary school complex LS Parking Structures Utilities VOQ Mogas Storage Site Development Family Rectn Center (NAF) Senior Officers Housing Other Housing Three structures on spine road can be phased as req'd. Two structures on Duncan A v e . require demolition of structures 10, 11,12, 502,13, 41,15, 504, 503,501,500. Also structures 3 , 8 , 9 , 4 3 . Structure 15 cannot be demolished until Commissary is r e located. 700 man LS LS LS LS LS Prepare site Prepare site Prepare site, extend utilities & access r d . Demolish structure 626 upon completion of composite exchange, demolish structures 409,410,412 upon completion of admin. space Demolish m i s c . structures, remove trailer park, relocate HMX-1, prepare sites, extend utilities & access rds , Navy/Air Force Joint Utilization Footnotes: 1 . ) May be combined with NCO Academy. 2.) W i l l demolish NPC storage facility prior to programming NPC replacement. 3 .) May include L i b r a r y . 4.) Retain sewage pumping station. 5 .) New Pepco substation must be in place . * 159 ��BIBLIOGRAPHY �B A L T E R , Robert B. (Soil and Foundation Consultant, Inc. ) Housing Area. Boiling A i r Force Base, Washington, D. C. May 1968. F I F T Y - S E V E N T H CONGRESS, F I R S T SESSION, S E N A T E REPORT NO. 166 The Improvement of the Park System of the District of Columbia. 1906. F R E D E R I C K , Ralph H. "The Climate of Washington. " Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Vol. 54 (1964), pp. 183-191. H A Y E S , S E A Y , M A T T E R N AND M A T T E R N (Architects and Engineers) Subsurface Investigation Report. June 1971. Boiling A i r Force Base, Washington, D. C. KLING, Vincent G. and Associates (Architects) Comprehensive Development Plan Bolling/Anacostia Military Activities, Boiling A i r Force Base, Washington, D. LUCKMAN, Charles and Associates (Planning-Architecture/New York, Los Angeles) and PARSONS, BRINCKERHOF, QUADE & DOUGLAS (Consulting Engineers, New York) Master Plan. Soils and Foundation Study. Boiling A i r Force Base, U. S. NavaT Station, Washington, D. C. August 1962. 162 �MUESER, R U T L E D G E , WENTWORTH & JOHNSTON (Consulting Engineers, New York) Report on Site Development for Foundations. November 18, 1966. Anacostia/Boiling Survey Area. NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION Elements of the Comprehensive Plan for the National Capital. 1968. POTOMAC PLANNING TASK F O R C E , Report of T H E POTOMAC. Prepared for the Department of the Interior by the Potomac Planning Task Force, assembled by the American Institute of Architects. United States Government Printing Office. Washington, 1967. SHANNON & WILSON, INC. (Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineer) Foundation Investigation. Defense Office Building. Boiling A i r Force Base, Washington, D. C. Seattle, Washington, November, 1967. UNITED S T A T E S DEPARTMENT OF T H E ARMY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS Flood Protection of the U. S. Naval Station, Boiling A i r Force Base, U. S. Botanic Garden and the District of Columbia Tree Nursery. Operation and Maintenance Manual. U. S. Naval Station and Vicinity. Washington, D. C. Section I , Project Information. 163 �UNITED S T A T E S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Service) Local Climatological Data. Annual Summary with Comparative Data. Washington, D. C. , National Airport, 1970. The Climatic Handbook for Washington, D. C. "Weather Bureau Technical Paper No. 8" United States Government Printing Office. Washington, 1949. UNITED S T A T E S DEPARTMENT OF D E F E N S E A Proposed Plan for Department of Defense Facilities in the National Capital Region. March 1971. UNITED S T A T E S DEPARTMENT OF T H E INTERIOR (Bureau of Outdoor Recreation) The Potomac - A Model Estuary. July 1970. UNITED S T A T E S DEPARTMENT OF T H E NAVY Civil Engineering Design Manual Number NAVFAC DM-5. January 1969. Facility Planning Factors for Naval Shore Activities Number NAVFAC P-80. January 1967. Master Plan for Navy and Marine Corps Facilities in the National Capital Region. WARD, Joseph S. and Associates (Consulting Soils and Foundation Engineers) Report on Preliminary Soils and Foundation Investigation. Housing Boiling A i r Force Base, Washington, D. C. 91 Roseland Avenue, Caldwell, New Jersey. February 1965. 164 �n n ��CREDITS K E Y E S , LETHBRIDGE & CONDON, A R C H I T E C T S AND PLANNERS Francis D . Lethbridge, F A I A , Partner-in-Charge C o l d e n l ' H . R . Florance, A I A , Project Director Anne Vytlacil, A I A , Project Coordinator Patricia K . C . Schiffelbein, A I A , Architect, Urban Planner Nguyen duy Tcim, Urban Designer Robert T . Segrest, Urban Designer Crawford W. Campbell, RIBA, Planner, Landscape Architect Graphic Design Patricia K . C . Schiffelbein, AIA T . Jacob Pearce SASAKI DAWSON DEMAY ASSOCIATES, I N C . , LANDSCAPE A R C H I T E C T S Stuart O . Dawson, Partner Paul Gardescu, Partner Timothy Coppola, Project Coordinator CONSULTANTS DAVID V O L K E R T AND ASSOCIATES, Engineering Allan MacPherson George H . Obear Raphael de los Reyes A L A N M . VOORHEES AND ASSOCIATES, I N C . , Transportation Planning Stephen Petersen John Callow GLADSTONE ASSOCIATES, Economic Consultants Christopher Weeks GEORGE SCHERMER AND ASSOCIATES, Human Relations Consultants George Schermer ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bolling Anacostia master plan, Washington, D.C. Subject The topic of the resource Bolling Air Force Base (Washington, D.C.) Naval Station Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Land use--Washington (D.C.) Description An account of the resource Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keyes, Lethbridge and Condon (Firm) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1972 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ce29dbe235601c71b8f2f0e902095a14.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=MnGgUXtBzqawSDpLOFUumeAffeaQa5OSCzWRy8N869Pdt0OU3m5Oq4aJgLFKipFnIshVWoGV1V0S2Uc%7E702jaJidczYAvnJgx01YufTgMPeqX%7EE5BQfUJYQGeBlTllu07S7rqhyzeC2j8VZN0DXsYIuhF3tgfy17OMBh-pEq-bPRfm%7EcNcdKkr34YtTJzOnSuL5GuDPdaDIrp-bpAPUuNgfBShNH-fSRIPr-z1Gy28-pn27WVvRgwYtoedEo2TNuQEXIAEFc1gw3K-U2ktx9HFpLs7NV-%7EA5ZWIulrNRy0nfwZIglsMDavudQkrFVJBnKkEggxeCilccfnqdsLPMQw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f94ec53a232f8672aaccfe6798a494c6 PDF Text Text RENAISSANCE Government of the District of Columbia Marion Barry J r . , Mayor Department of Housing and Community Development Robert'L. Moore Director January 1982 �CONTENTS Page I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Introduction 1 Community C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 2 Strategy 5 Supporting A c t i v i t i e s and A n a l y s i s 9 Housing P r i c e s , Target Population and Investment Program Execution ..13 14 Appendices Appendix I : DHCD A c t i v i t i e s i n Ward 8 from January 1979 Appendix I I : Appendix I I I : Appendix IV: Appendix V: 18 Major A c t i v i t i e s by Other D i s t r i c t Agencies i n Ward 8 24 Planned and E x i s t i n g Section 8 Moderate and S u b s t a n t i a l R e h a b i l i t a t i o n P r o j e c t s i n Ward 8 30 Projected L o c a l Employment and Tax Revenue Generated by the Program 33 Permits f o r New Construction i n Ward 8 35 Appendix V I : Condominium Conversions i n Ward 8 37 Appendix V I I : Apartment Improvement Program Description Tenant Purchase Assistance Program Description. Appendix V I I I : 39 Maps 43 DHCD A c t i v i t i e s C a p i t a l Improvement Program Vacant Buildings i n Ward 8 Section 8 R e h a b i l i t a t i o n E x i s t i n g P u b l i c and Subsidized Housing... Appendix I X : Photographs ..49 �ALABAMA AVENUE RENAISSANCE I. Introduction The Alabama Avenue Renaissance, named a f t e r the major corridor through the Ward 8 community i n f a r Southeast/Southwest Washington, i s a comprehensive e f f o r t to improve housing and stimulate community development i n an area with the most severe economic problems i n the District. The program has four major o b j e c t i v e s : 1) to s u b s t a n t i a l l y i n c r e a s e the a v a i l a b i l i t y of homeownership opportunities i n Ward 8; 2) to create t r a i n i n g opportunities and new jobs i n housing r e h a b i l i t a t i o n , management s e r v i c e s and maintenance i n the area with one of the highest unemployment r a t e s i n the D i s t r i c t ; 3) to encourage c r i t i c a l commercial and p r o f e s s i o n a l s e r v i c e s to locate i n Ward 8; and 4) to improve the investment environment. The i n i t i a l focus of the program i s to bring back into a c t i v e use the many vacant and boarded housing u n i t s which are one of that community's most s e r i o u s problems, as w e l l as one of i t s greatest resources. The 2,200 vacant and boarded housing u n i t s c o n s t i t u t e n e a r l y 10 percent of Ward 8's housing stock. Housing and Community Development To date, the Department of (DHCD) has been s u c c e s s f u l i n securing commitments f o r r e h a b i l i t a t i n g over 800 vacant u n i t s through the HUD Section 8 r e n t a l a s s i s t a n c e housing program, with Housing Finance Agency and p r i v a t e s e c t o r involvement. Over 500 u n i t s have a l r e a d y been r e h a b i l i t a t e d under the HUD Section 8 s u b s t a n t i a l r e h a b i l i t a t i o n program. �2 The F i s c a l Year 1983 appropriated budget request of $5.0 million i s to provide funds which w i l l allow the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of 200 vacant u n i t s and provide home purchase a s s i s t a n c e for 100 of these 200 vacant u n i t s and an a d d i t i o n a l 100 other u n i t s by the end of 1983. These funds, along with a c q u i s i t i o n funds from e x i s t i n g resources, w i l l a l s o provide f o r the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and s a l e of about 200 u n i t s i n each succeeding year under present economic assumptions, with p o t e n t i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n of the program i n future f i s c a l years. II. Community C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s Ward 8 covers the southern part of the D i s t r i c t east of the Anacostia R i v e r . I t has few major businesses or employment centers and i s located away from routes frequently t r a v e l e d by most area residents. I t i s , therefore, r e l a t i v e l y i s o l a t e d from much of the C i t y . The Ward's population trends show a d e c l i n i n g t o t a l population at the same time as there i s an i n c r e a s e i n households, person p a r t i c u l a r l y one- households: — Between 1970 and 1977, the population declined by 17 percent from 94,400 to 77,900. — Between 1970 and 1977, the number of households increased by 3 percent to 26,000, i n c l u d i n g a 2,000 increase i n one-person households. — One-third of female-headed households i n the D i s t r i c t are located i n Wards 7 and 8. Socio-economic s t a t i s t i c s show Ward 8 to face some of the most s e r i o u s problems i n the D i s t r i c t : — The unemployment r a t e of 10.3 percent i n October 1981 was f a r above the citywide average of 8.5 percent. — I n 1977, 41 percent of two or more person households i n the ward earned l e s s than $10,000 per year, n e a r l y the highest percentage of lower-income f a m i l i e s i n the c i t y . �3 Only 9 percent of such households earned over $25,000 per year. T h i s i s one-half the percentage f o r the Ward with the next smallest proportion of higher-income households. — I n 1981, Ward 8 had the highest number of Medicaid, Food Stamp and AFDC r e c i p i e n t s of any ward. — I n 1977, the 6,760 f a m i l i e s r e c e i v i n g AFDC a s s i s t a n c e i n Ward 8 was the highest number of any ward i n the c i t y and represented one out of every four households. Sixty-nine percent of AFDC r e c i p i e n t s i n the ward, or 4,664 f a m i l i e s , were female-headed households. The following graphs portray r e l a t i v e socio-economic conditions among the D i s t r i c t ' s wards: —' 1/ P r i m a r y d a t a s o u r c e s f o r t h i s s t u d y a r e : U.S. Bureau o f t h e Census U.S. Department o f Housing and Urban Development, D.C. O f f i c e o f P l a n n i n g and Development, "A P e r s p e c t i v e on t h e D i s t r i c t o f Columbia and t h e E i g h t E l e c t i o n Wards", t h e D.C. Department o f Housing and Community Development, D.C. Department o f Human S e r v i c e s and D.C. Department o f Employment S e r v i c e s . �4 Ward 8's housing stock includes many deteriorated deteriorating units. and The 2,200 vacant u n i t s are frequently concentrated i n groups of buildings which are a severe b l i g h t on the surrounding neighborhoods. Concentrations of vacant and boarded buildings extend along a corridor s e v e r a l blocks on e i t h e r side of Alabama Avenue. such u n i t s are s c a t t e r e d throughout the ward. Other A l l or major portions of such large housing developments as Congress Park, G a r f i e l d H i l l s , A t l a n t i c Gardens, Wheeler Terrace and Potomac View, are vacant and e i t h e r boarded or l e f t open. Frequently, properties have been held by owners for tax advantages, allowed to run down, and have become uninhabitable. I n addition, Ward 8 has a high concentration housing. subsidized Over 2,000 u n i t s of public housing, some 1,400 Section 8 a s s i s t e d housing and about 1,800 HUD of u n i t s of u n i t s subsidized under the 236 and 221(d)(3) programs, for a t o t a l of 5,200 subsidized are located i n the Ward. are subsidized. Thus, about o n e - f i f t h of the u n i t s i n the ward S t r i k i n g l y , only 4,100 of the 24,600 u n i t s i n Ward 8, or 17 percent, were owner-occupied i n 1977, average of 34 percent. units, compared to a citywide T h i s leaves a t o t a l of n e a r l y 15,000 r e n t a l u n i t s , with many i n need of r e h a b i l i t a t i o n . The area s u f f e r s from not only vacant u n i t s but a l s o from aging, neglected and decaying b u i l d i n g s . But more importantly, the area s u f f e r s from a lack of d i r e c t i o n for recovery, with most f i n a n c i a l interventions i n the s o c i a l s e r v i c e and/or public a s s i s t a n c e category that most l i k e l y have kept the area from massive s o c i a l d e t e r i o r a t i o n . �5 There i s a s e r i o u s lack of commercial and entertainment f a c i l i t i e s i n Ward 8. Only a s i n g l e chain grocery store i s located i n the ward, v i r t u a l l y no r e s t a u r a n t s other than f a s t food shops, no movie theaters and only s c a t t e r e d small shopping strips. Many r e s i d e n t s must drive to Maryland to obtain b a s i c s e r v i c e s , producing a s i g n i f i c a n t drain of job producing income and a c o n s i s t e n t tax l o s s from the D i s t r i c t to our s i s t e r s t a t e . The s e r i o u s housing shortage, high unemployment, economic leakage into Maryland and e s c a l a t i n g s o c i a l cost make t h i s Ward 8 s t r a t e g y c r u c i a l to the recovery of t h i s important s e c t i o n of t h i s community. A high crime r a t e , a lack of income and r e s i d e n t i a l i n s t a b i l i t y have produced considerable d i s i n c e n t i v e s to p r i v a t e investment. A recent study by DHCD estimated that more than h a l f of a l l expenditure for goods and s e r v i c e s are made outside of the area. Despite the negative socio-demographic data, the gross income of the area i s estimated to be s l i g h t l y more than $600 m i l l i o n . While t h i s l e v e l of gross income i s low compared to other Wards i n the D i s t r i c t , and includes s u b s t a n t i a l t r a n s f e r payments, i t i s c r i t i c a l that t h i s income be captured w i t h i n the Ward to c r e a t e more jobs. III. Strategy The gross income, combined with a growing amount of F e d e r a l and D i s t r i c t funds, can be u t i l i z e d c r e a t i v e l y to achieve progressive goals for the area. Ward 8. The program proposed h e r e i n w i l l provide a d i r e c t i o n for Over time, four b a s i c s t r a t e g i e s are required to make progress �6 i n Ward 8. stock. F i r s t , every e f f o r t must be made to s t a b i l i z e the housing The Department has a l r e a d y s t a r t e d an Apartment Improvement Program (AIP) described i n Appendix V I I to a s s i s t owners of r e n t a l apartments to s t a b i l i z e , r e h a b i l i t a t e and refinance t h e i r buildings i n partnership with tenants. A tenant a s s i s t a n c e program has been s t a r t e d (Appendix V I I ) to a i d the purchase of developments by r e s i d e n t s . A new neighborhood shopping center has been a s s i s t e d by the Department and an e x i s t i n g center r e h a b i l i t a t e d . A tenant-developed condominium has been completed and a new townhouse development f o r lower-income r e s i d e n t s has been occupied with the new homeowners r e c e i v i n g U percent mortgages. T h i s program o f f e r s as i t s f i r s t phase a concentrated e f f o r t to improving the a v a i l a b i l i t y of moderately priced homeownership housing u n i t s c u r r e n t l y o f f the market. utilizing This s t r a t e g y w i l l not only help those needing s t a b i l i t y i n t h e i r housing, but w i l l r e t a i n f a m i l i e s earning near middle income i n Ward 8, who w i l l be the base f o r c r u c i a l economic development a c t i v i t i e s . The second s t r a t e g y i s employment enhancement. The d i r e c t funding of t h i s e f f o r t with D i s t r i c t resources, combined with forthcoming housing development loans w i l l generate an estimated 1,100 jobs. T h i s program proposes to implement p o l i c i e s to ensure that a large percentage of these jobs go to Ward 8 r e s i d e n t s . To a s s i s t t h i s e f f o r t , the Department w i l l work with p r i v a t e owners and developers on job t r a i n i n g and placement as the p r o j e c t s move toward execution. The t h i r d s t r a t e g y has to be one of stimulating s e r v i c e and commercial development of the kind that i s h i g h l y labor i n t e n s i v e . The development of improved r e t a i l , food and s e r v i c e business i s c r i t i c a l to �7 s e r v i c i n g the e x i s t i n g population. T h i s s t r a t e g y i s necessary not only to r e t e n t i o n of e x i s t i n g population, who rank the a v a i l a b i l i t y commercial f a c i l i t i e s high when choosing housing l o c a t i o n , but a l s o to capture the s u b s t a n t i a l income flooding out of Ward 8. The capture and r e c y c l i n g of t h i s income i s important to any hope of reducing unemployment i n the f u t u r e . The fourth s t r a t e g y i s one of improving the investment climate i n the area. Currently, Ward 8 i s i n an e x c e p t i o n a l l y poor competitive p o s i t i o n for the s u b s t a n t i a l investments now being made i n the District. While o f f i c e space development, an improved r e t a i l core and the Convention Center w i l l help the C i t y as a whole, including Ward 8, the i n c r e a s i n g problems of the area w i l l overwhelm t h i s progress unless a c t i o n i s taken. The D i s t r i c t i s taking the lead i n t h i s investment s t r a t e g y i n the area, and every e f f o r t must be made to work i n a partnership with the p r i v a t e sector, c i t i z e n s , churches and other Ward 8 groups. While the funds requested i n t h i s proposal may seem meager, they can be leveraged and combined with current commitments to produce a reasonable amount to begin, and i f the e f f o r t i s continued over three years, with $8 m i l l i o n i n F i s c a l Year 1984 and $10 m i l l i o n i n F i s c a l Year 1985, i t w i l l y i e l d dramatic r e s u l t s . The Alabama Avenue area was s e l e c t e d because of i t s s t r a t e g i c route through Ward 8. The Avenue's mix of vacant m u l t i f a m i l y buildings, struggling entrepreneurs, s t a b l e homeownership areas, schools, p u b l i c housing, f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e committed f o r a d d i t i o n a l subsidized housing, planned Metro s t a t i o n and s u b s t a n t i a l opportunities f o r jobgenerating commercial development, can provide a f o c a l point for a new beginning. �8 I f one subscribes to the theory that the whole i s the sum of i t s p a r t s , then the development of Ward 8 strengthens the e n t i r e c i t y . progam proposes no s p e c i a l treatment or p o l i t i c a l preference for the ward. This position The condition of t h i s area a f f e c t s the e n t i r e C i t y p o s i t i v e l y or negatively. T h i s proposal requires a multiyear commitment of resources to have a q u a n t i f i a b l e impact. However, the gains f a r exceed the expenditure i n r e a l return i n terms of an improved tax base, and a reduction of the high l e v e l of s o c i a l t r a n s f e r payments; but human improvement dimension c l e a r l y outweighs a l l other Between 1970 and 1977, 1,300 housing inventory, a 46 percent the considerations. ownership u n i t s were added to Ward 8's increase over those seven years. As of August 1981, only 78 u n i t s i n f i v e buildings had converted to condominium ownership. T h i r t y - f o u r of those u n i t s were i n the Elmwood South Condominiums, a DHCD p r o j e c t . (66 The People's Coop on Elvans Road u n i t s ) and Cole Gardens (66 u n i t s ) have received DHCD a s s i s t a n c e to convert to tenant cooperative ownership, and Southern H i l l s tenants are c u r r e n t l y working with the Department to purchase t h e i r building of 250 units. Some of the c i t y ' s most a t t r a c t i v e neighborhoods are located i n Ward 8. The spectacular views of Downtown, the monuments and other parts of the c i t y and suburbs from the many h i l l s i d e s are a s p e c i a l a t t r a c t i o n of the area. Many of the vacant u n i t s are i n a t t r a c t i v e , sound s t r u c t u r e s i n pleasant neighborhoods. Construction of the Metro's Green L i n e w i l l add an important transportation l i n k to other parts of the C i t y . �9 IV. Supportive A c t i v i t i e s and A n a l y s i s U n t i l the l a s t s e v e r a l years, the Ward 8 community had received a r e l a t i v e l y small share of community development a s s i s t a n c e . This was i n part because the old urban renewal program focused on the c e n t r a l c i t y area. None of the urban renewal areas or p a r c e l s acquired was i n Ward 8. The cumulative development cost of current and completed urban renewal p r o j e c t s of over one b i l l i o n d o l l a r s has a l l been on s i t e s west of the Anacostia R i v e r . Since January 1979, a s e r i e s of major development a c t i v i t i e s has begun i n that community, as shown i n Appendix I and on the map i n Appendix V I I I . Among these a c t i v i t i e s are the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of 34 u n i t s a t Elmwood South f o r s a l e as condominiums, f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e i n converting to cooperative ownership to the People's Coop, construction of S e c t i o n 235 townhouses a t Wilburn Mews and construction of the Wheeler Road and C l a y P l a z a shopping f a c i l i t i e s . The r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of Skytower, Parklands, Stanton Oaks, Barnaby Manor and Hunter Pines Apartments f o r r e n t a l to lower-income noted i n Appendix I I I . persons has a l s o been completed as The F i s c a l Year 1983 C a p i t a l Budget submitted to the Council includes a request for $9,000,000 f o r comprehensive modernization of Highland Dwellings and the F i s c a l Year 1982 C a p i t a l Budget contains $14 m i l l i o n f o r modernization of B a r r y Farms public housing. The tables and maps i n Appendices I I and V I I I provide information on current major a c t i v i t i e s of other D i s t r i c t agencies i n Ward 8. Throughout the ward there are new schools and r e c r e a t i o n centers. Together, these a c t i v i t i e s begin an Alabama Avenue Renaissance. �10 The Alabama Avenue Renaissance has as i t s focus providing a d d i t i o n a l housing and the jobs a s s o c i a t e d with housing production by bringing vacant u n i t s back onto the housing market. Already, under the Section 8 s u b s t a n t i a l r e h a b i l i t a t i o n program, commitments have been obtained for housing a s s i s t a n c e payments to s u b s i d i z e r e n t s a f t e r the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of some 700 housing u n i t s . I n addition, over 500 u n i t s i n the same p r o j e c t s w i l l be r e h a b i l i t a t e d for market r a t e housing. These include major r e h a b i l i t a t i o n a t Parkchester, Congress Park, Wheeler Terace, A t l a n t i c Gardens, and Potomac View. As p r e v i o u s l y noted, 185 housing u n i t s a t Parklands and Skytower, have been r e h a b i l i t a t e d , as have 204 u n i t s at Hunter Pines E a s t and West, 12 a t Stanton Oaks, and 124 a t Barnaby Manor, for a t o t a l of 527 u n i t s . One hundred twenty-five u n i t s i n four p r o j e c t s at Chesapeake S t r e e t , Yuma S t r e e t , Elvans Road (People's Coop) and Stanton Road which are i n poor condition but occupied w i l l be r e h a b i l i t a t e d through the HUD still Section 8 moderate r e h a b i l i t a t i o n program. These f i g u r e s can be summarized as follows: W R 8 RESIDENTIAL REHABILIATION AD Current Commitments Vacant Units i n P r o j e c t s with S e c t i o n 8 Rehab Commitments 800+ - Occupied/Deteriorated Units i n P r o j e c t s with S e c t i o n 8 Rehab Commitments 1,150 T o t a l Vacant and Occupied Units with Rehab Commitments 7 1,950+ —/ Exact f i g u r e s cannot be stated because Section 8 rehab commitments are to e n t i r e b u i l d i n g s , but not n e c e s s a r i l y for a l l the u n i t s i n these b u i l d i n g s . I n some cases b u i l d i n g s are only p a r t i a l l y vacant. �11 W R 8 RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION AD New (cont'd.) Plans and Completed Planned Rehab o f Additional Vacant Units by End o f FY 83 with New Funds Completed Rehab Units To Date 200 3/ 527 DHCD i s requesting from the Council an appropriation of $5 m i l l i o n i n F i s c a l Year 1983 to a s s i s t i n bringing 200 vacant u n i t s into use i n that year, and a s i m i l a r number i n each year, based on present economic assumptions. housing succeeding Three m i l l i o n four hundred thousand d o l l a r s w i l l be used for financing r e h a b i l i t a t i o n . One m i l l i o n s i x hundred thousand d o l l a r s w i l l be used f o r providing a s s i s t a n c e under the Home Purchase Assistance Program to q u a l i f y i n g lower-income f a m i l i e s to buy the r e h a b i l i t a t e d u n i t s and others i n Ward 8. Funds from the F i s c a l Year 1982 appropriated a c q u i s i t i o n budget w i l l be used to purchase the u n i t s . Home purchase a s s i s t a n c e funds w i l l be provided to q u a l i f y i n g lower-income f a m i l i e s . I t i s our i n t e n t i o n to provide these u n i t s for homeownership because of the r e l a t i v e l y small proportion of homeowners i n the Ward. The 1,400 vacant u n i t s to be brought on the market under present commitments are p r i m a r i l y r e n t a l , and i n large part subsidized, housing. We believe that a better balance of ownership opportunities 3/ Additional u n i t s to be r e h a b i l i t a t e d annually with returns from s a l s e s . As r e h a b i l i t a t e d u n i t s are sold, the funds expended for t h e i r a c q u i s i t i o n and renovation w i l l be returned to the Department. These funds w i l l then be used to acquire and r e h a b i l i t a t e a d d i t i o n a l u n i t s . �12 along with subsidized housing i n c r e a s e neighborhood stability, encourages a g r e a t e r income mix and strengthens the e n t i r e community. We w i l l seek to acquire u n i t s i n neighborhoods where DHCD and other D i s t r i c t government a c t i v i t i e s are planned or underway, so as to further strengthen these communities. Part of the Department's F i s c a l Year 1982 acquisition appropriation w i l l be used i n part to purchase the f i r s t group of units. From the $5 m i l l i o n present appropriation request, $3.4 million w i l l be used to provide construction financing to r e h a b i l i t a t e the f i r s t units. When these u n i t s are completed and s o l d , the money w i l l be returned to the Department through a revolving fund for use i n purchasing and r e h a b i l i t a t i n g a d d i t i o n a l housing u n i t s . The remaining $1.6 m i l l i o n of the appropriation w i l l be used to provide homeownership a s s i s t a n c e i n Ward 8 under the Home Purchase A s s s i s t a n c e Program. Based on experience, we expect t h i s w i l l provide a s s i s t a n c e for 200 f a m i l i e s to purchase homes i n Ward 8 by the end of 1983- Preference w i l l be given to those who purchase the homes r e h a b i l i t a t e d under the program. These funds w i l l a l s o be used to reduce the cost of other s a l e s housing to induce a d d i t i o n a l p r i v a t e sector involvement. Resources w i l l be leveraged from the Housing Finance Agency and from p r i v a t e lenders to obtain construction and permanent financing for additional units. We b e l i e v e that with our commitment and that of the Council, there w i l l be a compelling case f o r leveraging these a d d i t i o n a l resources to strengthen the program. �13 V. Housing P r i c e s , Target Population and Investment Together with the commitments to bring vacant u n i t s back into use under S e c t i o n 8 and Housing Finance Agency programs, the Alabama Avenue Renaissance w i l l bring into a c t i v e use by the end of 1983 about 1,000 of the 2,200 vacant u n i t s i n the ward. As the 200 ownership u n i t s r e h a b i l i t a t e d by DHCD are sold, the proceeds w i l l be returned to the Department through a revolving fund to be used again to bring a d d i t i o n a l u n i t s back to the market. The D i s t r i c t ' s commitment, w i l l , we believe, stimulate p r i v a t e developers to r e h a b i l i t a t e other housing u n i t s i n the area at a moderate cost a t t r a c t e d i n part by Home Purchase A s s i s t a n c e funds. Housing u n i t s produced for both condominium and cooperative homeownership under t h i s program are expected to s e l l for between $20,000 and $35,000. These projected p r i c e s are based on the a n t i c i p a t e d savings to be derived from the Department's financing of r e h a b i l i t a t i o n construction and the community's involvement the renovation a c t i v i t y . i n some of F a m i l i e s earning between $12,000 and $26,000 per year w i l l be the primary group for which the homeownership u n i t s w i l l be targeted, with Home Purchase A s s i s t a n c e Program funds a v a i l a b l e to a s s i s t them to purchase u n i t s . of Ward 8's population. These f a m i l i e s are about 50 percent The 9 percent of Ward 8 f a m i l i e s earning over $25,000 per year w i l l a l s o be a market for these u n i t s with a higher repayment schedule r e l a t e d to t h e i r income. While the emphasis w i l l be on two- and three-bedroom u n i t s , the a c t u a l unit mix w i l l be determined market demand. by a more d e t a i l e d a n a l y s i s of the F o r t y - f i v e percent of the Ward's population i s one- and two-person households. �14 VI. Program Execution A. J o i n t Venture The program w i l l be implemented i n concert with neighborhood organizations, tenants* a s s o c i a t i o n s , churches, and other groups who e x h i b i t a commitment to b u i l d a housing development c a p a c i t y . The impact area i n general s u f f e r s from a l a c k of i n s t i t u t i o n a l c a p a b i l i t y to redevelop housing. One d e s i r a b l e outcome i s to build s e v e r a l groups' understanding and s k i l l i n development so that there i s a r e s i d u a l c a p a c i t y to continue the production e f f o r t on a b a s i s that i s managed and coordinated by the community i t s e l f . Each p r o j e c t w i l l begin with an indigenous organization j o i n t venturing with the Department and a p r i v a t e contractor/developer to produce a well-defined plan for the development. Community-based organizations who w i l l be p a r t i c i p a t i n g w i l l be required to make a f u l l commitment to t r a i n i n g area r e s i d e n t s to develop new s k i l l s . A f u r t h e r commitment w i l l be required to a s s i s t i n reducing f i n a l c o s t s so that these savings may be pssed on to the purchase. organizations w i l l be required to a c t i v e l y p a r t i c i p a t e i n : The 1) i n i t i a l clean-up and s e c u r i t y of the vacant property; 2) i n t e r i o r demolition; 3) maintenance of grounds and t r a s h removal; 4) marketing and s e l e c t i o n of purchasers; and 5) homeownership counseling. Contractor/developer w i l l be s e l e c t e d on the b a s i s of: 1) past q u a l i t y performance during and a f t e r construction; 2) commitment to h i r e and t r a i n unemployed target area r e s i d e n t s ; 3) acceptable bid p r i c e ; and 4) a b i l i t y to work i n harmony with a program of t h i s nature. �15 The Department w i l l be a f u l l p a r t i c i p a n t i n the j o i n t venture by carrying out: 1) program planning; 2) property a p p r a i s a l s ; 3) a r c h i t e c t u r a l design and review; 4) f i n a n c i a l packaging; 5) construction i n s p e c t i o n ; and 6) subsidy a l l o c a t i o n as appropriate. While these functions are to be c a r r i e d out by the r e s p e c t i v e venture p a r t i c i p a n t s , each p a r t i c i p a n t w i l l f u l l y share i n the d e c i s i o n making process on an equal b a s i s . B. Cost Reduction The income d i s t r i b u t i o n i n Ward 8 r e q u i r e s that homeownership u n i t s be completed at a cost that r e f l e c t s a no f r i l l s approach. that sense the progam i s designed to help area households"enter homeownership market for the f i r s t time i n a b a s i c u n i t . In the Therefore, the program proposes to keep r e h a b i l i a t i o n amenities at a minimum, but to u t i l i z e a l l techniques for energy and maintenance e f f i c i e n c y to minimize future i n c r e a s e s i n operating c o s t s . C. Citizen Participation E a r l y i n the planning process a Program Advisory Task Force w i l l be organized by the leadership i n Ward 8. T h i s Task Force w i l l fully p a r t i c i p a t e i n g o a l - s e t t i n g , program review, targeting s p e c i f i c buildings for p a r t i c i p a t i o n and resource development. The Task Force w i l l meet r e g u l a r l y with the various venture partners to monitor progress and to report to the D i r e c t o r of DHCD any or a l l recommendations for program improvement. J o i n t venture organization model and j o i n t venture development p h a s e ^ i l l u s t r a t i o n s follow: �16 �17 VII. Conclusion The jobs and investment that are generated through these a c t i v i t i e s w i l l strengthen the community and b e n e f i t i t s r e s i d e n t s by improving the economic base necessary to s u s t a i n adequate housing and community f a c i l i t i e s . Over 400 c o n s t r u c t i o n jobs and over 1,100 jobs i n other i n d u s t r i e s w i l l be created by the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n a c t i v i t y alone. Over $6 m i l l i o n i n p r i v a t e mortgages to the Ward 8 community can be generated as the i n i t i a l 200 u n i t s a r e purchased, with a d d i t i o n a l p r i v a t e investment leveraged as more u n i t s are r e h a b i l i t a t e d and s o l d . Over $1.2 m i l l i o n i n new tax revenues annually to the D i s t r i c t are projected. The Mayor has asked a l l D i s t r i c t agencies to work c l o s e l y together to plan t h e i r a c t i v i t i e s and resource commitment to the Ward 8 community to ensure that the goals of the Alabama Avenue Renaissance are achieved. Employment opportunities, r e c r e a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s , commercial and shopping f a c i l i t i e s , crime, health and educational s e r v i c e s are among the i s s u e s being addressed. The Council's support w i l l ensure that these goals can be achieved. �18 Appendix I DHCD A C T I V I T I E S IN WARD 8 FROM JANUARY 1979 �19 DHCD ACTIVITIES IN W R 8 FROM JANUARY 1979 AD I. PUBLIC HOUSING MODERNIZATION A. PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1. Highland Dwellings M O A t l a n t i c S t r e e t , S.E. O Funding Source: HUD ($212,000) A c t i v i t i e s : Entrance Doors No. of Units: 203 2. Sheridan Terrace Sheridan Road between Howard and Pomeroy Roads, S.E. Funding Source: HUD ($446,346) A c t i v i t i e s : B o i l e r renovation and window replacements No. o f Units: I 8 3 3. B a r r y Farms 1230 Sumner Road, S.E. Funding Source: C a p i t a l Improvement Program (CIP) ($300,000 approximatel y) A c t i v i t i e s : Gas l i n e s replacement No. of Units: 432 TOTAL UNITS: B. 818 SUBTOTAL ($956,346) CURRENT ACTIVITIES 1. V a l l e y Green 1101 V a l l e y Avenue, S.E. Funding Source: HUD ($2,384,921) A c t i v i t i e s : 46 u n i t s rehab and improvements for 23 public s t a i r s and entrances No. o f Units: 351 2. Sheridan Terrace Sheridan Road between Howard and Pomeroy Roads, S.E. Funding Source: HUD ($375,800) A c t i v i t i e s : Improvements to grounds No. of Units: 183 3. Highland Addition 8th, 9th, and V a l l e y Avenue, S.E. Funding Source: HUD ($391,152) A c t i v i t i e s : Hot water and e l e c t r i c a l system improvements No. o f Units: 246 �20 4. B a r r y Farms 1230 Sumner Road, S.E. Funding Source: HUD ($25,000) A c t i v i t i e s : Upgrade u t i l i t i e s No. of Units: 432 TOTAL UNITS TO BENEFIT: C. 1,212 SUBTOTAL ($3,176,873) PLANNED ACTIVITIES 1. Highland Dwellings 400 A t l a n t i c S t r e e t , S.E. Funding Source: CIP (FY '83) ($9,000,000) A c t i v i t i e s : Comprehensive modernization No. of Units: 208 2. Highland Addition 8th, 9th and V a l l e y Avenue, S.E. Funding Source: CIP (FY 8 4 ) ($8,595,000) A c t i v i t i e s : Comprehensive modernization No. of Units: 246 f 3. B a r r y Farms 1230 Sumner Road, S.E. Funding Source: CIP (FY '82) ($14,410,500) A c t i v i t i e s : Comprehensive modernization No. of Units: 432 TOTAL UNITS TO BENEFIT: 886 SUBTOTAL ($32,005,500) I I . HOUSING PRODUCTION A. PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1. S i n g l e Family Rehab Loans (3 u n i t s a t $121,081)* 2318 Shannon Place, S.E. 1879 Savannah Place, S.E. 1973 Alabama Avenue, S.E. 2. Emergency Repair Loans (4 u n i t s a t $92,320) 1901 Savannah Place, S.E. 1903 Savannah Place, S.E. 1905 Savannah Place, S.E. 733 Upsal S t r e e t , S.E. 3. Deferred Payment Loans (4 u n i t s a t $29,292)* 1875 Alabama Avenue, S.E. 1901 Savannah Place, S.E. 1903 Savannah Place, S.E. 1905 Savannah Place, S.E. •Number l i m i t e d by HUD-imposed moratorium. �21 4. Rehab Construction Loans to Developers (2 p r o j e c t s a t $3,292,496 Elmwood South Condominiums 100 Danbury S t r e e t , S.W. No. of U n i t s : 34 a t $ 1 , 3 9 2 , 4 9 6 NOTE: A t o t a l of $ 1 . 7 m i l l i o n public funds i s expected to r e s u l t i n $2 m i l l i o n i n p r i v a t e investment. Skytower Apartments 1000 Wahler Place, S.E. No. of U n i t s : 9 1 a t $ 1 , 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 5. B u i l d i n g Repair Fund (No. of Units N/A a t $384~,738) 6. S o i l E r o s i o n T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n c e and Surveys (3700 s i t e evaluations a t $225,000) 7. Property A c q u i s i t i o n ( 3 properties a t $1,098,000) Danbury Apartments (Elmwood South Condominiums) 100 Danbury S t r e e t , S.W. No. of Units: 34 a t $335,000 733-737 A t l a n t i c S t r e e t , S.E. and 820 Barnaby S t r e e t , S.E. No. of U n i t s : 69 a t $347,000 215-225 Newcomb S t r e e t , S.E. No. of Units: 63 a t $416,000 8. Urban Homesteading (5 properties a t $ 1 0 2 , 3 8 5 ) 421 Xenia S t r e e t , S.E. No. of Units: 1 a t $ 3 2 , 1 3 3 401 Savannah S t r e e t , S.E. No. of Units: 1 a t $ 2 0 , 0 9 2 125 M i s s i s s i p p i No. of Units: 1 $18,810 1003 Savannah S t r e e t , S.E. No. of Units: 1 a t $14,250 1347 Morris Road, S.E. No. of Units: 1 a t $17,100 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS: B. 307 a t $ 5 , 3 4 5 , 3 1 2 CURRENT AND PLANNED ACTIVITIES 1. Emergency and R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Loans 1905 Savannah P l a c e , S.E. (current request of $ 1 , 8 5 0 ) 2. Development of Knox H i l l for mixed use ($20 million+ development). 3. Building 4. S o i l Erosion T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n c e 5. Other ongoing program a c t i v i t i e s . Repairs �22 III. HOMEOWNERSHIP/ANTI-DISPLACEMENT A. PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS Home Purchase A s s i s t a n c e ($1,340,721) 1. Wilburn Mews 4th and MLK Avenue, S.E. No. o f Households: 29 a t $610,337 2. Elmwood South Condominiums 100 Danbury S t r e e t , S.W. No. of Households: 8 a t $51,351 (Additional commitments: $340,000) 3. Scattered B e n e f i c i a r i e s No. o f Households: 3 1 a t $339,033 F i r s t Right Purchase ($278,800) 4. People's Coop 2430 Elvans Road, S.E. No. o f Households: 66 Coop Conversion T e c h n i c a l A s s i s t a n c e ($159,830) 5. Cole Gardens Tenant Association 2800-2802 Jasper Road, S.E. No. o f Households: 66 6. Southern H i l l s Tenant A s s o c i a t i o n Fourth S t r e e t , S.E. No. of Households: 250 Home Counseling ($240,000) 7. Far Southeast Community Organization Weatherization ($17,000) 8. Insulation No. of Households: 17 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS BENEFITTED: 1,540 a t $2,035,551 �23 IV. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT A. PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTS Innovative Grant (Commercial) 1. Wheeler Road Shopping Center Construction Wheeler Road and Wahler Place, S.E. $103,000 Innovative Grant with $437,000 leveraging o f p r i v a t e d o l l a r s r e s u l t i n g i n a t o t a l development cost of $540,000. 2. Clay P l a z a Construction 2200 Alabama Avenue, S.E. $110,000 Innovative Grant TOTAL VALUE OF DHCD ACTIVITIES IN W R 8 AD T o t a l Completed T o t a l Current and Planned * $8,987,209 $35,182,373 * Does not include projected $20 m i l l i o n * Knox H i l l p r o j e c t . �24 Appendix I I MAJOR A C T I V I T I E S BY OTHER D I S T R I C T AGENCIES �25 ACTIVITIES BY OTHER DISTRICT AGENCIES IN W R 8 AD CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM (CIP) The following c a p i t a l improvements are scheduled for Ward 8. Those f o r FY '82 have been f i n a l l y approved J / ; those f o r FY '83 have been submitted f o r Council approval; other p r o j e c t s are proposed f o r FY '84 FY '88 2/. D.C. F i r e S t a t i o n — South C a p i t o l and A t l a n t i c S t r e e t s , s.E. — New F a c i l i t y (FY »82) Department of Transportation (FY '82) — (Bridge and S t r e e t Program) Bruce S t r e e t , S.E., Robinson S t r e e t - 200' south Newcomb St., S.E., 2nd S t r e e t - 4th S t r e e t Oakwood St., S.E., 2nd S t r e e t - 300' east Stanton Terrace, S.E., Bruce P I . - Alabama Avenue Trenton P I . , S.E., Brothers P I . - Raleigh S t . 9th St., S.E., V a l l e y Avenue - 150' south LeBaum St., S.E., Mellon S t . - MLK Avenue Barnaby Terrace, S.E., Wheeler Rd. - Wheeler Rd. E s t h e r P I . , S.E., MLK Avenue - F o r r e s t e r S t . Stevens Rd., S.E., F i r t h S t e r l i n g Avenue - Wade Road 9th St., S.E., V a l l e y Ave. - 300' south Wahler P I . , S.E., Wheeler Road - cul-de-sac Chesapeake St., S.E., Southern Ave. - 400' west Frankford St., S.E., 16th S t . - 18th S t . Livingston Rd., S.E., A t l a n t i c S t . - 1000' south 22nd S t . 4 Langston P I . , S.E. - Hartford S t . - Reynolds P I . Howard Rd., S.E., Bowen Rd. - High S t r e e t D.C. Department of Housing and Community Development (FY '82) Barry Farms: P u b l i c Housing Comprehensive.Modernization, Sumner Road, S.E. — O f f i c e of Business and Economic Development — Target Area Economic Development Fund f o r Martin Luther King, J r . Avenue/ Good Hope Road and Congress Heights/South C a p i t o l , along with s i x other target areas i n the D i s t r i c t . The funds are to be used i n f r a s t r u c t u r e improvements to further business development. 1/ Note that Department of Environmental S e r v i c e s has an approved p r o j e c t a t the Blue P l a i n s Water P o l l u t i o n Control plant which i s located i n Ward 8 but serves the whole C i t y . The p r o j e c t c a l l s f o r design and construction of a d d i t i o n a l primary and secondary and advance waste treatment f a c i l i t i e s , as w e l l as upgrading of e x i s t i n g facilities. �26 D.C. Department of Housing and Community Development — Highland Dwellings and Addition: Comprehensive Public Housing Modernization, 400 A t l a n t i c S t r e e t , S.E. (FY »83 - FY '84) D.C. P o l i c e Department — Seventh D i s t r i c t P o l i c e Stationhouse (new f a c i l i t y ) : Alabama Avenue and Knox Terrace, S.E. (FY »84 - FY '85) Department of Environmental S e r v i c e s — Trunk and Secondary Watermains: I n t e r s e c t i o n of Stanton Road and Alabama Avenue, along Alabama Avenue to Ninth S t r e e t , along Ninth S t r e e t to Portland S t r e e t , along Portland S t r e e t to Martin Luther King, J r . Avenue, along Martin Luther King, J r . Avenue to Brandywine S t r e e t , S.E. Department of Transportation (Bridge and S t r e e t s Program) (FY '83) Anacostia Freeway Metrorail S t a t i o n Access Douglass Road, S.E. Douglass Road, S.E. 22nd S t r e e t , S.E. Alabama Avenue, S.E. 13th S t r e e t , S.E. Brothers Place, S.E. South C a p i t o l S t r e e t , S.E. and S.W. Chesapeake S t r e e t , S.E. Second S t r e e t , S.W. F i r s t S t r e e t , S.E. Chesapeake S t r e e t , S.E. S i x t h S t r e e t , S.E. Suitland Parkway 2/ Note that Department of Environmental S e r v i c e s has a proposed project f o r FY '84 a t Blue P l a i n s Water P o l l u t i o n Control Plant located i n Ward 8 but serving the whole C i t y . The project c a l l s for completion of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant a t 5000 Overlook Drive, S.W. �27 PUBLIC FACILITIES IN W R 8 AD Educational F a c i l i t i e s The following chart shows educational f a c i l i t i e s located i n Ward 8. The schools are noted according to name, type and enrollment capacity. The Ward contains one senior high school, three j u n i o r high schools and nineteen elementary schools. T o t a l enrollment capacity i s 22,379 students. Those schools with associated r e c r e a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s are a l s o noted. �28 Recreation Centers The following chart l i s t s r e c r e a t i o n centers located i n Ward 8. These f a c i l i t i e s are noted according to name, address, type and acreage. A l l are operated year-round. There are seven neighborhoodoriented r e c r e a t i o n centers, four major centers and f i v e community centers. The attached map shows s p e c i f i c s i t e s f o r the s i x t e e n r e c r e a t i o n centers. Name and Type NEIGHBORHOOD CENTERS Ballou Congress Heights Address Acreage 4th & Trenton S t s . , SE. Alabama Ave. & Randle P I . , SE 15th S t . & M i s s i s s i p p i Ave., SE Alabama Ave. & Congress St., SE 2440 Shannon P I . , SE 3301 Wheeler Rd., SE Pomeroy & Stanton Rds.,.SE N/A MAJOR CENTERS: Douglass School Friendship Hart Johnson 2600 Douglass Rd., SE. 5600 L i v i n g s t o n Rd., SE. 601 M i s s i s s i p p i Ave., SE Bruce & Robinson S t s . , SE N/A 10.2 N/A 6.0 COMMUNITY CENTERS: Bald Eagle Barry Farms Douglass CC F o r t Greble Washington Highlands MLK Ave. & J o l i e t S t . , SW 1230 Sumner Rd., SE. 19th S t . & Stanton T e r r . , SE MLK Ave. & E l m i r a S t . , SW 8th & Yuma S t s . , SE 4.2 6.6 5.3 6.0 4.0 Green Malcolm X Savoy Terrell Wilkinson 4.4 3.0 7.2 .5 3.2 3.5 �29 PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN W R 8 AD Congress Heights Health Center 8th and Xenia S t r e e t s , S.E. D.C. V i l l a g e E l d e r l y Housing No. 2 D.C. V i l l a g e Lane, S.W. Hart Junior High School Dental C l i n i c 601 M i s s i s s i p p i Avenue, S.E. Community Care S o c i a l S e r v i c e Center 3234 15th Place, S.E. Congress Heights Decentralized S o c i a l S e r v i c e Center Wheeler Road and V a l l e y Avenue, S.E. Emergency Family S h e l t e r 2840 Hartford S t r e e t , S.E. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE CENTERS IN W R 8 AD Anacostia Job S e r v i c e Center 1217 Good Hope Road, S.E. Washington Highlands Job S e r v i c e Center 8th and Xenia S t r e e t , S.E. �30 Appendix III PLANNED AND EXISTING SECTION 8 MODERATE AND SUBSTANTIAL REHABILITATION PROJECTS I N WARD 8 �31 PLANNED AND EXISTING SECTION 8 MODERATE AND SUBSTANTIAL REHABILITATION PROJECTS IN W R 8 AD Moderate Rehabilitation 1. Chesapeake/Yuma Ltd. Partners 851-853 Yuma S t r e e t (34 u n i t s ) 838-842 Chesapeake Street 2. 400 Chesapeake S t r e e t (13 units) 3. 2430-2438 Elvans Road People's Coop (66 u n i t s ) Total Units - 113 U n i t s * *A11 are proposed and have FY '81 funding r e s e r v a t i o n s . Substantial R e h a b i l i t a t i o n — Current Vacant Units f o r Rehab Project Parkchester 94 Congress P a r k i / Subsidized Units f o r Rehab Rental or Sale Market Rate Units f o r Rehab 84 -0- Total Rehab Units 94 265 163 Wheeler T e r r a c e i / 75 113 -0- 113 A t l a n t i c Gardens 72 108 -0- 108 2/ Potomac View — Garfield H i l l s - / 235 398 215 128 93 93 -0- 93 Parklandsl/ -0- 84 10 94 Skytower?/ -0- 91 -0- 91 Hunter Pines^/ " -o- East West „ -0- - 312 , 440 - • 122 82 -0-0- 122 82 Stanton Oaks Apartments-?/ -0- 12 -0- 12 Wellington Park Apartments?/ -0- 68 -0- 68 Barnaby Manor—/ -0- 126 -0- 124 557 1,839 Totals - - 814 1,272 4/ i/HUD-held p r o j e c t s 2/project financing to be provided by DCHFA f o r a t o t a l of 533 u n i t s . V p r o j e c t s completed and occupied t o t a l 527 u n i t s . £/Total includes 677 new Section 8 units with FY '81 funds reservations i n p r o j e c t s that have not gone to c l o s i n g . Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Area O f f i c e ) Weekly Status Report f o r Mortgage Insurance/Funding Reservations; DHCD. �32 ESTIMATED HOUSING SUBSIDY FUNDS COMMITTED TO W R 8 ANNUALLY AD Subsidy f o r P u b l i c Housing Units Subsidy f o r Section 8 S u b s t a n t i a l R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Units Subsidy f o r S e c t i o n 8 Moderate R e h a b i l i t a t i o n Units TOTAL* $4,032,000 $10,274,500 $40,000 $14,346,500 •Does not include s u b s i d i e s associated with Section 8 E x i s t i n g Housing C e r t i f i c a t e s , S e c t i o n 236 and Section 221(d)(3) p r o j e c t s . �33 Appendix XV PROJECTED LOCAL EMPLOYMENT, TAX REVENUE AND MORTGAGE LOANS GENERATED BY THE PROGRAM �34 PROJECTED LOCAL EMPLOYMENT, TAX REVENUE AND MORTGAGE LOANS GENERATED BY THE ALABAMA AVENUE RENAISSANCE Program Scope: I. Approximately 1200 r e n t a l u n i t s and 200 homeowneship u n i t s are to be r e h a b i l i t a t e d f o r a t o t a l of 1,400 units. EMPLOYMENT The r e h a b i l i t a t i o n a c t i v i t y noted above w i l l create a number of jobs i n construction and other i n d u s t r i e s . Estimates are based on the jobs generated per unit r e h a b i l i t a t e d . Construction ( . 3 2 jobs per u n i t ) - 448 jobs Other I n d u s t r i e s ( . 8 3 jobs per u n i t ) - 1,162 jobs TOTAL JOBS - 1,610 II. LOCAL TAX REVENUE During the f i r s t two years of the program, taxes w i l l be generated as the 200 homeownership u n i t s are sold. From the 200 s a l e s u n i t s : One-time recordation tax (2% maximum of $35,000 s a l e s p r i c e ) $140,000 Condo t r a n s f e r fee W of $35,000 s a l e s p r i c e ) $280,000 TOTAL TAXES AND FEES - $420,000 After the f i r s t two years of the program, property tax assessments on a l l 1,600 u n i t s w i l l generate s u b s t a n t i a l revenue. From property taxes 200 s a l e s u n i t s ($35,000 maximum assessment x $1.22 per $100 of assessed value) - $85,400 1,200 r e n t a l u n i t s ($35,000 maximum assessment x $2.13 per $100 of assessed value) - $849,000 TOTAL PROPERTY TAX AFTER FIRST TWO YEARS - $979,400 III. MORTGAGE LOANS GENERATED $30,000 x 200 = $6,000,000 Source of Jobs/Units Employment Assumptions: D.C. O f f i c e of Business and Economic Development; National Association of Homebuilders. �35 Appendix V PERMITS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IN WARD 8 �36 PERMITS FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION IN W R 8 AD YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981** DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 1,946 836 573 1,799 1,264 447 1,987 2,148 2,579 1,757 2,686 18,022 (100$) 593 (100$) WR 8 AD 395 82 — — 11* 89 74 131 43 21 8 854 8 (4.7$) (1.3$) •1,055 Units were a l s o b u i l t on B o i l i n g A i r Force Base **January 1981 through October 1981 Source: O f f i c e of Planning and Development - "A Perspective on the D i s t r i c t of Columbia and the Eight E l e c t i o n Wards, 19701980." The Dynamics of Change "A Study of Demographic, S o c i a l , Income and Housing Trends — Implications f o r the Future." �37 Appendix V I CONDOMINIUM CONVERSIONS IN WARD 8 �38 CONDO CONVERSIONS IN W R 8 AD Recorded Condominium Conversions as of August 1981 1. 450 Xenia S t r e e t , S.E. 5 units 2. 400 Xenia S t r e e t , S.E. 5 units 3- 3415 5th S t r e e t , S.E. ( E a s t Gate) 22 u n i t s 4. 100 Chesapeake S t r e e t , S.E. 8 units 5. 100-126 Danbury S t r e e t , S.W. and 3401 South C a p i t o l S t r e e t , with Elmwood Condos. Total S.W. 34 units 74 u n i t s �39 Appendix V I I APARTMENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM DESCRIPTION TENANT PURCHASE ASSISTANCE �40 APARTMENT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (AIP) The AIP i s a j o i n t e f f o r t of the D i s t r i c t Government, the lending community, the r e a l e s t a t e and property management industry, and neighborhood organizations to s t a b i l i z e m u l t i f a m i l y r e n t a l housing i n the D i s t r i c t . The purpose of the AIP i s to involve f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , r e a l e s t a t e industry, c i t y government and community i n cooperative e f f o r t to f i n d s o l u t i o n s to the problems of given apartment p r o p e r t i e s . Solutions are i d e n t i f i e d through the t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e of the AIP s t a f f and through negotiations between owners, tenants and mortgagees of properties s e l e c t e d for treatment ( b u i l d i n g p a r t n e r s h i p ) . The building partnership, through c o l l e c t i v e bargaining, develops a building improvment plan which t y p i c a l l y would include: — needed r e h a b i l i t a t i o n to, at l e a s t , housing code standards; — tenant involvement i n the management process to the end of s t a b i l i z i n g the post r e h a b i l i t a t i o n condition of the property by giving tenants some p r o p r i e t a r y i n t e r e s t ; — maintenance — rent schedule, f r e e l y negotiated by the p a r t i e s i n consequence of the i n t e r i m exemption which the Housing Act of 1980 provides AIP properties from i t s T i t l e I I (Rent Control P r o v i s i o n s ) ; — financing. schedule; The goals of the AIP are to: — prevent displacement; — find ways to e f f e c t r e h a b i l i t a t i o n and p o s i t i v e changes i n management and maintenance; — show landlords that i t can make economic sense for them to keep t h e i r property as r e n t a l housing f o r e x i s t i n g tenants; — stimulate a return of p r i v a t e c a p i t a l to multifamily r e n t a l housing; «~ — — provide tenants with some control over t h e i r housing costs and l i v i n g conditions; improve neighborhoods by improving housing i n those neighborhoods. The AIP i s operated by an independent Board of D i r e c t o r s which includes c i t y o f f i c i a l s , lenders, r e a l estate/property management i n d u s t r y �41 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s and community organizations, and s t a f f e d by the Department of Housing and Community Development. S t a f f provides for t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e i n : — f i n a n c i a l a n a l y s i s of apartment operations using a computerized r e a l estate investment a n a l y s i s model; — i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of construction and/or permanent financing or refinancing (packaging); — construction cost estimating, work write-ups, s p e c i f i c a t i o n s development, bid packaging and general contracting; — tenant — other areas, as needed, to s t a b l i z e apartment operation. organizing; �42 TENANT PURCHASE ASSISTANCE - PROGRAM OF FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 1. COOP SEED MONEY LOAN PROGRAM - Covers " s o f t c o s t s " of conversion of multifamily b u i l d i n g s from r e n t a l to cooperative ownership by the tenants. Provides loans to tenant a s s o c i a t i o n s where more than 50 percent of the member households are lower-income (defined by current S e c t i o n 8 r e n t a l income l i m i t a t i o n s ) . There a r e two types of loans: I n i t i a l Retainer Seed Money Loans - not to exceed $5,000 for reimbursement of a c t u a l expenses f o r lawyers, a r c h i t e c t s , organizers, a p p r a i s e r s , engineers, or a general development consultant; and Comprehensive Seed Money Loans - not to exceed 8 percent of the t o t a l development c o s t s of the p r o j e c t , to cover 50 percent of e l i g i b l e " s o f t c o s t " expenses. Seed money loans are made a t no i n t e r e s t , but become due a t the time the p r o j e c t r e c e i v e s permanent f i n a n c i n g . These loans a r e a v a i l a b l e only f o r l i m i t e d e q u i t y or low-yield cooperatives. 2. FIRST RIGHT PURCHASE PROGRAM - Provides loans to tenant a s s o c i a t i o n s converting to low-yield cooperative ownership, where 50 percent of the member households a r e lower income (as defined by the current Section 8 r e n t a l income l i m i t a t i o n s ) . There a r e s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t types of loans, i n c l u d i n g : Prepurchase loans - short-term, noni n t e r e s t loans to a s s i s t the payment of earnest money deposits f o r purchase c o n t r a c t s . These loans are made on a matching b a s i s . Gap Financing Loans - short-term mortgage loans provided to make up the d i f f e r e n c e between the borrowing c a p a c i t y of the tenant a s s o c i a t i o n and the amount needed to finance a c q u i s i t i o n , rehab and marketing of the coop. 3. HOME PURCHASE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (HPAP) - A v a i l a b l e to i n d i v i d u a l s or i n the name of a cooperative f o r i n d i v i d u a l members; provides a deferred payment loan not to exceed $16,000 to write down the money housing cost of an i n d i v i d u a l household to not more than 28 percent of the monthly household income. HPAP i s a v a i l a b l e to lower-income household, meeting the S e c t i o n 8 r e n t a l income l i m i t a t i o n s and on a p r i o r i t y b a s i s to d i s p l a c e e s . The household must commit a t l e a t $500 of personal a s s e t s to q u a l i f y for an HPAP loan. 4. REHABILITATION LOANS - Loans, both short-term and long-term, a r e a v a i l a b l e for the r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of tenant-purchased buildings i n community development areas and neighborhood s t r a t e g y areas, ON A VERY LIMITED BASIS. �43 Appendix V I I I MAPS . . . DHCD A c t i v i t i e s C a p i t a l Improvements Program V a c a n t B u i l d i n g s i n Ward 8 Section 8 Rehabilitation E x i s t i n g P u b l i c and S u b s i d i z e d ! Housing ������49 Appendix I X PHOTOGRAPHS �����D.C. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT O f f i c e o f P o l i c y , Planning and E v a l u a t i o n Kenneth S. C o l b u r n , A d m i n i s t r a t o r Muhammad A. S a b u r , Deputy A d m i n i s t r a t o r P h i l i p R. M i l l e r , Program P o l i c y A n a l y s t Lawrence S. P r e s s , C h i e f , P l a n n i n g and R e s e a r c h S t a n l e y S. Sherman, Urban P l a n n e r / A r c h i t e c t Nancy Z i v i t z , Urban P l a n n e r Dorothy C h e r r y , Urban P l a n n e r B a r b a r a S i l v e r m a n , Urban P l a n n e r Division Jeannette Johnson, A d m i n i s t r a t i v e and C l e r i c a l Support Graphics: Ron E l b e r t and S t a f f ; C h i e f , G r a p h i c s D i v i s i o n , O f f i c e o f A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a n d Management 535-1260 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alabama avenue renaissance Subject The topic of the resource Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Housing rehabilitation--Washington (D.C.) Urban renewal--Washington (D.C.) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Housing & Community Development Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 1982 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2307577cf56d0eb7b5dead4fe350c270.pdf?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RI5JKU04mKvCkU9WViehSct2LTNnunQS7vmuQ2CqeAjFKG6HnX9W338C0YpyANLJOp1ER4fYIUjtKzoFD5B8AFIfnnRyYeGlj54XE-ES9F05usZGnR1NIEmf5UAMbVE0obdW8kRl5eRXBekdjR5CSFIaNzIXc7whUv706Nnj8W1FDmC4lFuPufCYCluxI92PdsRbImcSrB9%7ELN3bkSIhRZHbOeJwNBTPBW1nmuZ9W%7EVMMrzzeiKhdm5vOEHX3UKmohQiUUhG-Iy4EZG-R3CCXpHVC4ZCntgyxQFqyACSORu6E%7EZbq2GhQ1RAzRh3YYfZZ1MVbjbRK%7EbiJXZJ6HklhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 78d7ef40dd0c2913a6268f3add23daaa PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cost estimate plan : Anacostia Metrorail station, Washington, D.C. Subject The topic of the resource Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Subway stations--Washington Metropolitan Area Description An account of the resource This document was found in the pages of <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6309" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Public hearing RE: design-Interstate Route 266 : statements submitted for the record in lieu of personal appearance to supplement statements of: Monday, December 14, 1970; Tuesday, December 15, 1970; Wednesday, December 16, 1970, Washington, D.C.">Public hearing RE: design-Interstate Route 266 : statements submitted for the record in lieu of personal appearance to supplement statements of: Monday, December 14, 1970; Tuesday, December 15, 1970; Wednesday, December 16, 1970, Washington, D.C.</a> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 17, 1980 Rev. July 31, 1980 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Illustrations Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DDOT Historical Reports & Other Documents Subject The topic of the resource Transportation--Research--United States Transportation--Planning Description An account of the resource District Department of Transportation's historical reports and other documents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anacostia Subject The topic of the resource Anacostia (Washington, D.C.) Anacostia River (Md. and Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Historical reports and documents related to Anacostia in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Anacostia Anacostia Freeway Anacostia River Anacostia River Bridge Neighborhoods https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/99bd566e8a62198d67dabec413a90bce.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=V8Vu%7ETglYXo17Xyaylgj6j0Cpf1lCIsW1zx8Q9l6q62qYl6tLQgB6Bd6QWLk9cOWvaDwwK8v6mLMAGog03aNvOk3mVEuHjDZBxhiR1MCd9SczE3jY2wl703DXPIiHytTcQdpyXyyOr5p-VwICwlGMsX9miHwUZpISQf9ZmAXzmyuqxj73QunJIWMoKdDWmOvlaqjfzVfPW2QAa3zrGH4xIPtFhWzTtHZx6r0p05Mw1-c7CrPxwxBVcxR3k9%7EhbvbHa9IBE6dBO2vmMTHwaY3qtntkpsonW-vLki6MmALZKOqdxE3ql1HGTfqt2vJjB-3K1x1oX-Aq-ir33O2s9FVbQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6c458a4386ce2913f892bcb983a52e44 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Palisades 001 Subject The topic of the resource Foxhall Road (Washington, D.C.) MacArthur Boulevard (Washington, D.C.) The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) Neighborhoods Streets Description An account of the resource The intersection of Foxhall Road and MacArthur Boulevard in the Palisades neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/cb55b153978068a8cf76fbdfd80a9817.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=rRdxpC0gTVM8IX19qAXSlyikgK1XKjmuNYY%7EP7fF7AgKAyeFcLIWTDEoIH5WIM1ch1tTVGzkmzlncQmrEgKoJqrmhBTuQRxfCNHB7Rqy4bjWt%7E48Ug45SUDimcX5%7Eim3eKMbhXd5eZGYRg0oNvlILuBhJeKVTSLwysjgWcjg0V%7E%7ER4Zgc9lTTYwhI4ryQpnHkGRPLPtyt0qiGUZ8xBrlSwnwEC1VWbAaprgx%7EC2HiylUpzE29sfsrcxJYLGwea4x%7E8BKk%7EfGCWMm7%7ESQA74ZCgNeX8has4mCcEj0N4nRP5N2sbqtvKtdYKegU2SUZfX2zDvyQ-A3h-GvV6fVxRBhqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a361b2d910172cb5349bd9fd1ee99754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Palisades 002 Subject The topic of the resource The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) Foxhall Road (Washington, D.C.) MacArthur Boulevard (Washington, D.C.) Streets Neighborhoods Residential streets Description An account of the resource A view of MacArthur Boulevard and Foxhall Road in the Palisades neighborhood on the outskirts of Georgetown. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c6de960e89e669024520cdb6c793a8d8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=mv2KsC0iH80OOBEuzxUydBiQGMQUxvxtXf0TVh3LCEy4NPW%7ECLvf7Gujyjyq2YPyyoeaNyDZuF2mxpsonTJPjR1QBBGq5n%7EoxUaenoJQ3F82VmfMQdtp4HvxV3Cr-eJX5P9jHUJp6Tz8WaTXVFUjDgN1SwLuWWP8SKv%7EiIYur3crs9vtlwHG2bm3lalPvLMK1EUGKyu3OVd8NJwc7VP8JPPMrTcDY9FKCfXZgPP8DxIfgz5c-QeBFu0opK5XSR5nfaE9lomqM8iXO2iL%7EGHFlSS5haOGvX3avPz1l8YthYk5dFDF6yfpL3Knu1sv2MKzfiIbvt3zhQ9b3NNUNFd8Yw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f4400999dae29089970114f9ef3f4f6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Palisades 003 Subject The topic of the resource The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) Neighborhoods Foxhall Road (Washington, D.C.) Reservoir Road (Washington, D.C.) Intersections Roads--Interchanges and intersections Residential streets Housing Description An account of the resource A view of cars driving by the intersection of Foxhall Road and Reservoir Road northwest. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1950 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Palisades Subject The topic of the resource The Palisades (Washington, D.C.) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Photographs of the Palisades neighborhood, which runs from from the edge of the Georgetown University campus (at Foxhall Road) to the D.C.-Maryland boundary (near Dalecarlia Treatment Plant). MacArthur Boulevard is the main road in the neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Intersections Neighborhoods Traffic Signs Trucks https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/9546d5633a0873d12ab595dac38a6844.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=VqBbzG7CI2d97ATZLlnfEvRd4IR1n8WwrBheMHuORGjC6K76BJhaw2YFmkoQ6XM1c93R0gDa-k2SiC5lvEd%7EVXHLnqvQKaF7xHfRu6lzadblkI-zP61I16GIzeIjJedysJM-WLvbyopq9E3L9MaFu0VpV1AiuMIVK6Gv6rUt%7E%7Eip5RduI8jAZhvuxrzHy74nmH8o5vys%7E98NpTuPbIhQ9lqsJe%7E%7E5jdmHvySe2HH1OHJSXY5cko5DojIiAyqcR5rTZrSjVeIcTUEive-9VBkT0HZYXKMx-z0thPocTomuQX3pf0-32rzxEIDD8OW%7E9fsmrK-iSaV2vubm3dN-kw3Cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ea5234a4846b343a722e294f4e80f9a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 001 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Motor vehicles Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 15. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2e9f0ea90ddc963d0a54ba3734429c1c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=e-VmMQpMEnjS--AhfIeFmp57oLD1elk-YAnXQVXM0DCApWEfTtsPmFoZ7Pd4ALxZOr3DKwWDuEgtHY%7EJkIjyGBPkzPg8oepZpgMtuqbXCUQkULsOKqFjoN8M97sP3nIV91ajxlJLno5ppyWUaaqjGmEas8FOfb88vVXML9J3UzYJck2Gak6DNwruVBFJvbHgh1qhWaAWLXj7pva33Caa1vGRSTFjWckcNvBTNvDLf%7EHyOalqs51h860AChgE1JpKogML1XjFWLuwOF6-MKLrkeLgo00YpKLrpSiCUdSw4TP8IDpKcPZ0wSe7nEVjnQHVtOXjCsh%7E5jkCSfE1aMgPtQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9e3c361a6c9e89f9e759a2bd914d0f7b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 002 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Housing Morse Street (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 16. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue from Morse Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/321567985d5e5bd023acf1c3c0f9da2e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=AGr0ODXc05fx00JMuwZN%7ErjpWivwT-W%7E4bm355KT2wx-b89kY4U4RCR%7EnJzr3oye4cz35xrzDHJJ7SuetngRbT3DSNdMTuZaAWcc7EAmN5meE4kKoaM7hx-FtVRSuUKmWtPx1VVULO6HaLpCYhUQFOvXR2FNT7j478zRyzLiWQPdUqDoGkrqvCcf8Qop-BmhRCvQd5WWGod-jc4lGhltNDq%7EkS1uzYNKEfkwkljCd5LCV%7EJysqp8%7EKMpivEWWIL31f49V7DGrKM52Ny140e1aiz%7E%7EnQMf6t0lI42UuXDHvjZ4bG9F6FcseiAa-cGYAvB7Y8ZIdPmG1pS%7EAoBQvWX1w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b4a98676f3eaf27e4b9dc52e9ba12b67 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 003 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neal Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Housing Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 17. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Neal Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d468d7ff29747a0c1d40f55dbfb3a64b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=INoRb1ONjykAwz3ojxwylZYJgUFRvj8gVpx0PMoJCcapqXarXMiGX383cRB5HeZaJv4zoW%7EQ9m2-QSNnzStpo5vC5lsUD7pv0Uhn8mrPuZtonqn3VH9iCXWMy0eYgCoyLGQbnT%7EOb0MzTFwqzBya27629ob2K3zZ9SZA6Y1IYEgAan6ZGaA1dnesDwLc8KQuoA7NNTfL-V%7EXJNnfnsvuTthw7Dvni1ISAyBhcCrJ8f5hDaehfwJWwAhxnpbDw0AHGamODirnlhjTZ4iZ089LfMsyzev251gUJJlfdiEs1ljpUELRF1wdAkHJUfYpc3s7ckv6bqi2nN%7EixWfinPQPXg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 874410a9003092b854ad6bad6cf2f359 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 004 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Oates Street (Washington, D.C.) Housing Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 18. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Oates Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/53309dd0a32a01811f7c88fcb34200a4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=eIoMmfIG9QQC86gu9F9veS57iTz8V4C6H7AetAechTCymKFxxH06j-tW5CBcUeczEDAFXGEqTed98yOPbeewVwEJ9KClRRuj5JcEUe-xjARDCe037EcJTSUCQw7skcaWlDYgi1YXtawV0FbWs5Ulah2Cs4waxMj7nGVz1D-cE%7EZp3CHm5rTnuPLFGrzGPzGxI42ekXiR-N8LidefpUzCNxF5JROyxpsMx9ZTVhkB8KvMZ5%7Em8aVTAckixfciuqjP61XdvgO1GO05dQfyZadSdgmqqVETRikCMpr0c6cRnORCE7fAA8Fw6PwrWDs3hV5Uam17spCmKpDbJtzf27TfLQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 933fb4246f1fdda875d3128eca8b4b5f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 005 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles Housing On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 19. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Levis Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ca7201a2cee3e23ed0566ec4abc61bb9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=g4m-WIscxPJXTlw23zjQgJGl%7ED3cxEuomaTXDI6u9i-GGpMd1pMXXR-IH6GT2HLpFYQ6%7EUf7Lq2hFcD4mBbA9AsqjVaB42gTlHEtHJspcz2YRVpFx4h5u-mW8n1njMQiuly8v7pdlOVDJesVvCLWnfB93vTgxg9tKqP6Yn23Cas1AFWi9FPWzLN36weX%7Er-6zdrrVe%7Ezo-2w%7Efwt2nRPhSVRRx4GiDDNT7WJGHmWNmxChxqT-vWLtPXTXlwuwYo8wjTTxOoIClOjqXLacmK8ae5hQf72vmTc6AHFU97pgAU4eqUnoYnNItwlSpjFNwUcMmE4%7E9Ivr6WHI5MyaxX5jg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2b8b7b649679e5d02e46bd5b4b6b3642 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 006 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Queen Street (Washington, D.C.) Housing On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 20. Looking north on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Queen Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e0bfc6955114c093affc6a73516a44f6.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=UiBUe3IUXsYvaymEHrbifz9vR4vFqjAAikRtmW8l9Pvein2OS9lZ6EhVzZegnsB1vbTn0Ol-TcqAwCX79tIbYZ-eCiO35As4llPy6xYK1CbvrrlGCyPZA7RJC1DT6Pdbvzyqle0N828zjmYIbYY3E7RhEItxwaXcZgVf3hYfMNQF247VjHbFSyRA0orboXI6CjQDiGyPuzIDVSuWczNBoaL9f72pfHFdvm0iXbL8fyJH2Fumqf9CAyYzL10eAcNY32BvKmAkgxVDKE17t8ivnvv3ojbTYJfNQWPtwuhnrKum-X9QuuQi9sTFMXDYY7rFZSe1FXvYDOYpSfFGA5Yv8A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3a009b4ff52067e8e2d00aa884b07be4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 007 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Sidewalks Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 21. Looking south on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from in front of 1612 Trinidad Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/191b055e8efedcbd88cca64ab531df5e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=o2b3PJxkHP%7EqFVS4HBR1rVB1rPpU235ISd8fk6boa6vaJHaX1RE%7EvBOE8EEtIstu3C20PH1nz9EMVK6A4YNjKS1%7EuDLM07bcCK6x2H3MzrRwl-5goM-bhWurYU9oDYnEtT2vTcWF8Se0PdG%7EmWnAYlWxZlv6e1YZMDvrZmGQX0AQAfVGsqJCtFAaoMOpY7LUQO%7Elw35G3byc3378W0--xiIeNrd8q6F0LfSjhiNP7Ul9EzOQlq7OrIJhgZzkMnQNJ7v3dHQRKVUHHWuusBeyQhDp3mzyBpf80W4M0xgoe4hVyfhuPoAmhNXaqhQyK128h73cbdxE09-kX6p-crQPMg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 18465f9f9b72a09b936be40d55ea4327 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 008 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Sidewalks Housing Retaining walls Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 22. Looking south at retaining wall and sidewalk in front of 1632 Trinidad Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c84ca0442f7f329c264310ef711f66a4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=PQnqp1HWIqNkF31cfUyFQ3or%7ErozCezuxeLwoD3wnMdp2yq3rFHN%7E-1pJPMapE6SSxbFfMWBkiEWBqcvRjkHzTNcChYtIzQvkGzTKVU8ASFkhZbDzpBx3OlUjiKlz3Q1xr%7EnqBRF-%7E3IECcuMQ1UO%7Ew8DbbAc0PqKAKGM%7ELOW1rwLFS8Cppl0%7EedJJs5rxWW5Pzf24exOgmjv8NQzFQevrdkhAKwYMTzk2CdMW-6O007yxLwRF3gxy63tcnBv7Ja1WRIrJo0E4jLstI5naO8bKaL1c5Dlb6FfxEOAsx6GAQyjPKNzJ7om4gnYhNF9AR08jNG0JOWhSa0ml9s3xMNsg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1a5afcb33f72fd58af6e13b360f47496 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 009 Subject The topic of the resource Trinidad Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Housing Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Florida Avenue to Meigs Place N.E. no. 23. Looking south on Trinidad Avenue N.E. from Meigs Place. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/30ab4a720f9444b41b2be1d63bccb6d9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DIR2fXfuQJbGK3z3ziSKhJmK1QjS8i%7EIdtzQZqmzkr2Ho7v8TFdAHNzg48qOqZNxMjS3xFEJG3r3WuqiowliENB1yBp5j0NkiilMCD2C5DOyGeprPe7kvgr8JjMl%7Enq3uxc1F6RIP%7EvaXUSRG3lRorW4qcE4v%7El3bUdSNZ-wHQiLgGC8kC4eEFcteuagriX3A7du0NBnzGEyiqreSw9dOQJbzw5mixR6aT0xsezWJKvdAIuHPPSHKVPANZaCbI1I3I7yIO2B2AAwM1-4mypV4x%7EyODBh2jZqAtxntrUbXtlp69gO7bdFgYuw%7EtpM9xzxGIhfFGyDGpYKJLnVVwHOCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 507115feb32802f49a9fcf68c078e8ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 010 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Franklin Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Franklin Street N.E. from 13th Street to 14th Street no. 24. Looking east on Franklin Street N.E. from 13th Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b5b39bf9fe519dae28f7704e421a887b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=d7UIKAmE42bfn6%7EQKwWOH6aSdQo24GLHzddXCV4PV-eDXfOpmvgQJHDgVXIJCg-c8-K55eFquseMqc4UW-n1ZspdqeMGAfQpVogXOD9917vtBkKLQKnTTXnq9v3HdXkYcbHzlrhTvoN5KwYnkZn2dGW%7EZz-F4zXOiyR7YJSvjXVTvaf18EW9SqVCVmCVTCqx3XNJF8gw%7Eklqk4JKpjkY%7E9LUWkb6StdDMERm3CazFxJ8NaR46kJtvLusG4AJ68U0qmkHJf66mcCB7xNKSh6sM9Zk6%7EjUaJ%7ENR7EC%7EulKpM0-rN%7EOCzKKNamI-VrCRSDKmW0AyTK3fpq-TMIvRzKLrg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9609fd9608a85c80678eb765d87899d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 011 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Franklin Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Housing Pedestrians Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Franklin Street N.E. from 13th Street to 14th Street no. 25. Looking west on Franklin Street from 14th Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d903afdadf53a5ec5c16f26f7064c060.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=q5kD4Pd558ito75uivY2SHMCewGS5dqFFMfQYq2aR7JLgCjzfeigRwKjzVtK03jxap1gAdNXvEBwXJ45qqFGm6oq7xnjmXePk-PFQPoEghaV59CjvfmUBjbDq8%7EtVZ-NaZKo%7EFZI9cDzjNqGvbjiRyw5ysaqOI7m%7EfpDsKEvj5Sla1ZGbILwbEBHakCbAc8814x1D7OU1vi3pqPjmIyqNtVuz%7EgL7e%7EtS8bPpHMwkE3DWg1kC0egVLmp8aOXcxnd7FQNUtqAvTHxv-vU7%7EtY0HpIoDBy1amiOCYQ2aP4sdyGvyTthblx3w8-w7urkDdeep5NWbNseyFWgHVKPMWl1Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 32c3002c32589469148c176e2571d7e0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 012 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles Eastern Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Intersections Sargent Road (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Eastern Avenue N.E. from Hamilton Street to Sargent Road no. 26. Looking north at the intersection of Eastern Avenue and Sargent Road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c4322a7860d6233ba945967b69e133de.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=TEH10-5RbOkrzgLEH2Bk2yOj%7EhkdJsSc5dwJdyfTP-orActrnycpF6diPEQ5t%7EnffL7z4%7EgriiUq%7EvtbKpx%7EO9rOzvhHeJm5mW0OYKzwFNQjcFhJDUD25GLCQ5O%7EpCLgA9o9nLoIUAmHq02bZjuZ5t%7EyT8kJ1K4C12m7MuFHrPm4-1YDkOst2HzryOF1HpCyqVqqIUs5I%7E0DFAW7Q1jAAlRfeEzPXlbmdvey0NXlRm2%7E6Ex598zJX8xbaYo4iGTB9XNnAaQIJRzqSM1Dpq-kRNsgzZ0Lra%7EcpOWCvoUCcPu3c3xkG1dZHKL1q%7EqIJcKlU30Oj-JROJGM2R52KCLY-w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5562b6745560a942e44bd38fb9be423a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 013 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Motor vehicles Eastern Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Intersections Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Eastern Avenue N.E. from Hamilton Street to Sargent Road no. 27. Looking northwest on Eastern Avenue from Sargent Road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5184e5979a3440cdd9cc9c1de4420316.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DSIc3IBz842qSQ7VL1oKSdVNrDxJB088ZDqAiaAt%7EgcIz%7E4ISICkwDLAneTWmC6u%7EOIjQlvhVi6PZLM4xeLthoRfHqZbV7909i5GIg9QCV7hBSq7gqHZVLjv80XSOPvCUWta8Vr45Zju3PaX2VCDPu3-oCj8W%7E0y1i6nG-lk1fHwhBZZiBBEjaZ%7EdHvMDRsp%7ETTTCLZ-obWDaHPkm3ZOR9fM7T8ZgiKFh2-62Uk6R5ThlhJGJS6LcQ3p7ImDjlQVZiC5-cgnRFnZaELuNHmKsRy-s4xegtyuXqWuOIihNvY03uzLOlEcJRlcld1fmOOfEEuBzG07V9-QdtPuiRycQw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4f1d4141eaeb0c29db056fc5926f6385 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 014 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Eastern Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Housing On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1980 federal aid resurfacing and repaving contract: Eastern Avenue N.E. from Hamilton Street to Sargent Road no. 28. Looking southeast on Eastern Avenue from Hamilton Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 7, 1981 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/035a3a62667a8cebbc291b59de20ccda.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=uUISDR0nXug6FI-qFmJWUY9xdI0Gq09yHdGevcoVUHOO8IypgC38FZ5faMYG8NmXHA9DN8tdi32B0CaPI3q1cdfIU0-875JmRS1pniOw5m-W5Ce20mxzQDvRFrmUpWInSNqHhZsCTcfBVaYt8sqnoMGuycKv-EddEI-UGdEe4Hvi17dS%7E6pfBw4NWMGmgREfDU6rECS6M27t%7EtICWth2r8TBLfgvSeEEac7SAszCg6UyvtkJ-hbSYizFqcFPLaXtBcfFlHcFokDfsOQLj2yqXXyX-um5qLMlY8JRDOsaXPFwdeOCnimZf7icP2pvj2tP-ysm%7EOu8fMLByodoe5TugQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7749c5d21ba47af4750bf5b6ba0da979 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 015 Subject The topic of the resource Interstate 295 Eastern Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Eastern Avenue Overpass (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource A view looking south along I-295 from the Eastern Avenue Overpass. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The description and year information with this photograph was crowd-sourced from the group Old Time DC on Facebook. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Late 1950s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Streetscapes Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Roads Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Photographs of the streets, roads, and avenues of Washington, DC. Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast DC Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Photographs of streets in Northeast DC west of the Anacostia River. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Intersections Neighborhoods Northeast Paving Residential Streets Streets Streetscapes https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/1fe6cb90aa05cf0aab30df76fbaaf6da.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=rPDljHub0U-uY1Ptel33GTvwiSuDxazFuOaRrHpByM5TKCvSavYZ7aYFP1%7ED9IDqcyB0QK9j10BD0oKWbUye8XXCh8Js-XraooCQNFudTktN0ByK1RnBAmyGsoIz3ErxTWsmJ4LAsxt3Pam3ggEzr2%7EWbnmbHjbLOF5Kk0ZooQ%7Esp4txwVdyGiiNWe-s1BKC7DejPja9mg8on46QbdZtvMj9kj41hif5KdnljLsJzJOVekU7QN3mjnBYJ6ZytwrjyiDpS5MZFjiRk5CiLOseLM2Ma3cEQoUvq5vHg-OHRYZoZvF1uAaytPf9nf4Ds9OEfW-r5D4wuizGjFpH%7EgPKlg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5c3b09c9a5240f5c815703cb066aaf97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dupont Neighborhood 001 Subject The topic of the resource Dupont Circle (Washington, D.C.) Connecticut Avenue (Washington, D.C.) R Street (Washington, D.C.) 20th Street (Washington, D.C.) Restaurants Description An account of the resource Connecticut Avenue, R Street, and 20th Street northwest near Dupont Circle. Featuring the Golden Parrot restaurant housed in the historical Fraser mansion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 16, 1961 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e211746942a2971bbd661791ee9a0618.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=diy99wa0ObV8o3pV98eezYy%7Ea46sVa1-T8wFQyXbsYCwIkgSUyX6f%7E54flXhpMGw4Sg65jfgUI80OsOEgltwcmbVSsSz0vqZALyL7ISrIPjx8bcFs15Lnp65mpAS2eSDb-299qeCwIpNhgdRIUIcsuhybC3J2juQU-5mJsR1PAr3rxMtFAdCQpabPO4QJR9Q%7EsdNk600D4KyHJLrdXFzeHoKfHjNvgEsnfB7O%7E8vWiKnXumEYRxZUjyD7HbAdEAG22AVtr9cugmocQtdcP0Oz7K1anWl1Ca-RBDDNx7Q-WoiDDFfDb6lzPBuhi%7EtQydILIpxGtogk8IN0rmxrJTHow__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 16965d0f25443d929cc71837b9b04af1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dupont Neighborhood 002 Subject The topic of the resource Dupont Circle (Washington, D.C.) 17th Street (Washington, D.C.) Seventeenth Street (Washington, D.C.) R Street (Washington, D.C.) Floods Restaurants Description An account of the resource Flooding at the corner of 17th Street N.W. and R Street N.W. next to the La Fonda Mexican Restaurant founded in 1950 as the Casa Pena Deli by Manuel and Adelina Pena whose site is now occupied by the Dupont Italian Kitchen. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/04b9006aee01b3f4fbb4546ecf75818f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=sp4DFcWY0-Bm7W92H6eP90alwv4yZkVEkqNSqBsB-RwhgoNd8nhkUepUuUHo4VXeE3TJVk2MZL%7EVl6-ux%7E%7EfjdiwCFT-JI1TQZNczDbTUTzwPZO2a72aNXJn8HIQJ%7EoZWnlL1AxYvML-L8Wg6WBTRm2bU37v8bdJ79eJM0LoSyJIh3V%7ESIYLRJA1GSbPqqQY-cef3DCtFuDA-qH%7ENYKMs3Th1U%7EL3M66EpjRZjqigtYYgb%7EreFZo1t9cMnmWrCVJi7auH2tWQ-8HS2K6diOweijwOwrMctJkDDBBJgXDKT02E1PvHo7%7EiYOWCzdNiLIMBMNimYu38l0YwRiSS0V0LQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM acef318c33bd164fb0ee82eb87574be6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dupont Neighborhood 003 Subject The topic of the resource Dupont Circle (Washington, D.C.) Seventeenth Street (Washington, D.C.) 17th Street (Washington, D.C.) R Street (Washington, D.C.) Floods Personnel Description An account of the resource Flooding at 17th Street N.W. and R Street N.W. next a 7-11 store. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1980s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Dupont Circle (Neighborhood) Subject The topic of the resource Dupont Circle (Washington, D.C.) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Photographs of the Dupont Circle neighborhood (photographs of the traffic circle are in a separate item). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dupont Circle Flood Neighborhoods https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b4f79e77bfb7473f4aae6df43bcea1f4.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=q46nkSmRwMrRCkwfuxrP907YjWjJoWeO0pmThukZnkTklkldQDjSxmn2fa2Jb5Z1pfu3yqOIMrRLT3WgB3GxrurGYag4WPaqtUMC-l4ECkCxmpz1RtIqk36vI4Bs4Td0NbW2SlL1yiAuKhN3RW1TszdgNRUzUvEt7Lzxwn1ImyjrDCuHOwezb8kAKwvCMGZ1dTqTNEwAFPSwaDoYBxfh-cy6HQx5xjO6H2GPZryAdB05uMLg%7ESzEEVK7AZOz2iEwCEnyQAYO8IwVZxiYCpihSvViysxxbkRbS7I20fXGmz1WCrqIf%7EVeSc5SSza6Ho6GPjWfnqF7sRpGd24g-Mc24w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 42e7cf098105e0f3ce95a099e71ca820 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 001 Subject The topic of the resource Fairlawn Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Naylor Road (Washington, D.C.) Streets On street parking Description An account of the resource Cars and houses near the intersection of Fairlawn Avenue and Naylor road southeast. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 8, 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/dd0508528165e31f7d0afe46ce0c45a9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=n8Gm6S%7EB7M96dmTslOCJLia4b6bxEQFDTGzslSqoWLhC89CRAm5WdgDIU1gnU3Nz5JYEyEIGc-UQLlXSEWtOOfeeHWaX0DGhKdERXxXihMkOUPutkmIpsuKMk6PfAROSgcAFUdY7BuYE0majIW5hUIarghQHIBS-IqObGLP8GXer5XV5BRqjSK2Hv6rylpV-a-rIxDHjYmAN8i%7Et1jd66z0FfwSraduz9CotpOM1tol%7Ew0-I-SD2JfZWLsCTHO04xk4HYFnw2ePB4SthnSeFDJRUN%7EyhKtSP8LbqbtqULA0Uxn9gYq0R2NkqYhIGtz1e5DcM%7EvnR%7EupWI-GT94ZYhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1498a66badf829ac33bac9e79bfa844c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 002 Subject The topic of the resource Fairlawn Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Naylor Road (Washington, D.C.) Streets Sidewalks Description An account of the resource The intersection of Fairlawn Avenue and Naylor Road southeast. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 8, 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c4b48d35ab9d94a405f990c3f017994f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Ri%7E7rdmgzFYiSRsaguYZVIZffbxcCdQpU7UDxDoXqa1w9DEuTl48tIEMsaUS3IvgSN4Nfw0c5dbIuHtmMpH3uqKrmNcpXEVXywUZGUN%7EmuM574-ltCL4C2rKbfnEu5pmU9ehsfvVK4bEaJiPB6FkHCJD0F1B%7EOaNDd6K60-Do0XB2WtipDK5pmZSLQ-6qEIBRpch4y90BEHeStOsHlW6l2rlsCD2mEycO25acnvOtZEWx8uCmgP2hAI7iylpAkJMgzCC45UVqEX-W0Cw7M9F6%7ELrUXWNAI%7E0oBVe3QM6cbcP77k9pjL8Hro0UjUDszevjs-XOiFd5t7fF36VUFhkfA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 66a03dac0a709ba385219c7fa87c42b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 003 Subject The topic of the resource 22nd Street (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design) Streets On street parking Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 8, 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Description An account of the resource 22nd Street southeast. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5e31a0c2cbcb8a922da3efd4139f975d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=KNEhotJXL6KUvEvLgRslpcJl1B6XapQSYnDEe9P%7EfQIVuwUyL3wsXFPtob7Eg-kgZT9UwYJhnfhuf4IkONkj8RRhYLhty-138QpYJotkBiCec7tQCEwKbfB-LJSMXIoYuE6AKHetCjFfNNsn9OxbsWPxMYqWdgSf5ZTCrR7MytjD80QPXxBpg3o51Nc0YjKDHzvShc8T0SrS8QWO6uq2Q4A2Qol1imObBOK1WNZ%7ExH9jPTitqD2Hjz5mvfC-IHswaIQcer4WwozPJ-RdUrKAss6Bw4pViiERv%7EMB0HUe37BpWsHeLfqAgqidroGJUWi9LDJzNR4cWEq80-%7EWRlDHJg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 50a555fa84b57133a23b7c29db2d0c2a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 004 Subject The topic of the resource Nicholson Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Sidewalks On street parking Description An account of the resource Cars and a cracked sidewalk along Nicholson Street southeast. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 8, 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/bea4e5b300e08092c1295d17f8b6f507.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=U17Lmo2f7tKJUEy8%7EZLk%7EslLVzRRTPVL0xb5Re-pdwFir2kKut5rCBVhro7Uy0wWTn6QX7N5HvEldA4npjcRvt1WXBiMFh7QjNt4nqEUpoLjdz%7EXzy-cJUwswmOdghpQSkbod%7Eeaxueam8CYSDLdJXgyxyFGtbixuvDVoAMGhMqo-qO92G-icQPkQlUOaQZgvmoE1s42kEl3t3ZJhEZDqikt1SoR4B1ApYZwiTbXfUua0aP7rsWnXx9Kd6TOBTXjVJVqBcbyTTtltAwM2XZ%7E%7EwJB7XAdFMmFX-C45VXTmmdCsOrZiHN50cSgkLCcM09ndN4tQg8katieOAiQbNqHWg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1c4c122de8806e82a1684c4f1cd22819 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 005 Subject The topic of the resource Suitland Parkway (Washington, D.C. & MD) Pomeroy Road (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource The Suitland Parkway with Pomeroy Road S.E. behind it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 11, 1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a33f21ba685a6d3b82a785f9dbf7f08d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RyaFVwZVvdweQTgeapHZA8SS-JRN1c454e%7EHI5bKaB2rTi0Kpoa2m5fNKq9ymDcG62oIDjpsbMCsotn05G4l4KroaQdw9u-E2TgBPHjUCj%7EJMvQmfb6JbU9olC9rwXTYYREfR7MTEQlRSnLHLoNRTS89Ejjih2a3qO6StYcFtFArdMz-Z5%7ELSs6bwG7i9B3bkD-wzyp-pVpJDX7AA6kpKl5EloVArXDgCb7MN32tmo8mi%7EeTTLz6V50dql8bBhPuHIHWqnx8Us8oyB6d4wFvZte47kfjLFD5kD2%7EHoW4AS0J058gliw0Io-ioAX8Jquik2uHAuW75r2tO2ftOGZRMA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6ca89edb06b438b3c5c4e06f9718f78b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 006 Subject The topic of the resource Suitland Parkway (Washington, D.C. & MD) Pomeroy Road (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource The Suitland Parkway with Pomeroy Road S.E. behind it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 11, 1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/fb01300af1388a0420cae8c35b2f5d87.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=mytDyDS3OHozFoaO1HPx2R5Cjdqtnrwu9x-4Ve0%7EU2DUGVjSHa8UKMfIC3oAjX41tAWKY3msjYZbq-9kpfH9Au3SMMfOpJ-saI-KnppQlzkgWMIqPhUwdyhMbfhEpHGQzuOsFMR3%7ERZTVcuqSW9CvR0cP%7E3bvx5vthaVdq-ec6lNrj8K3OCrLDFoD5fP%7E9KYChjfyf0MBMsHx5jakHM7V5%7E3kNPtqdDamrWdf4OS-Np8043Jd4Rx52ptSE0m3rAZEZGjGmbIFiiWn2IvNXnWmf8cYrz4Foq4V0SEHsQHLgEOqhzON9mP8qt28WZZQBUaImeyQOg%7EEd48HuvQNnghng__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d8328b33ce22ac10e801f0137086294b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 007 Subject The topic of the resource Suitland Parkway (Washington, D.C. & MD) Pomeroy Road (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource The Suitland Parkway with Pomeroy Road S.E. behind it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 11, 1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/35b82a86b1d70b394e51306f741d8228.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=EBNvUIpYG5B2S0okIVAJ5yR%7EyRxeySWVciCblyJ4eOb6FKOybPjuZNqowivFj8yGgRVUu7RsCIPTNiKeysd4cVfQyALOw2UncdRweThdIJn6klQq7osPPjiIP05sV4sO8z-Gksl3tP3cYuwzyR2gPsIhGk5psIjSkwAevnAGbNq6csm1Wd009rz-z4jwe5Q4xcXlO9arUNgeMBA9OgepE8I51MAfSX9Hk8-QtZ5yEAq1uBOt-ZmloiB34mKc65RJ9UkDd1GeJGXEq2YjVtQ8rm4RO7AhfSew10zYIspBW%7ESyPoFdyG40A7hcIX7HcFGxOsuyki7uYOjRsjQTvZUVCg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8feb113c23a2f522ad1ad881cab5eff2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 008 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Housing Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 1. C Street S.E. looking west from Benning Road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/1d351472f5e3afec169d0575c881881e.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bgZAYgN82kE1SYTikj1gk%7EB-925Qij21zTCGlrCGvN3OJzokAr%7Eg1Er%7ExEXhdy63a7Yu6bmJmLimVdduTaypxIFYpOnEc%7E8Nj2dapUd9mU-RxBAOWHTGjqbGqWLHGblIqo4-thrRWt2u7u3JRAENByZlQNf2jAxY%7E5dHFEtjWmr3Uy2XrBFuciRpP3a2Xr8sqodXgoKc14XwQ1ptRXySPOkrutegWbEsbyRmc2w6ZFBXVgfoIusR67pBzRdktOpb-Uek3Cq3yeL%7EM9QwuSIY0ynu2%7EtoqzV5z0iExQQ6CmvpYV4mjMjhJfHuUPfXetHmdSnEmjyfNzzVWerrJ470pQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 87ef77c7190b01013df4390e62ccda34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 009 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 2. C Street S. E. looking east from 4525 C Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/db6ab833085252be530c0801ad739184.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=T%7EKVCN4TPwiLnfRT1ZB4Tv%7EMfk0QcyZiEBV3NBveEYHpfDF0topBscX4xXRm7p9RS6n6m0Q4cJYCE8zPmNFzvzCOoW18lfCCxtAEuW2ecCNaD5IY-4-XbKAiRT3VSysLpUVCKCErOnQ8hSv9hSbYW8%7ERQPfz3bRCwAqaOe%7EMTYXRjae50X%7EQndW6EEwEUts00PFaTMY8OFCFACzjziUNCQQtLLqBqsObbh8JZ3SPF5skcxTNpHSmJfRM2IzXg9xCAilIxDPDDZ7q7Plv0D8fp5wUqFcmo-PrMU8GDdsHDQAlpsxVwCI2RoAW3xKtsZLHod8fAmvSn0OZT61w-guFGg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fc6109b5880d354d6e0f02f965c1a164 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 010 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 3. C Street S.E. looking west from 4525 C Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5162f8fc8328ef7f3a16ba7e0e0509ca.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=bbWYPBoszyYBv1ey0n17DxC9l%7E0C49X2AgZA6uAgoydacnGjBes7-GWQm3FBIMMg6suGnI%7EKguJdy-d0dx2MfX-%7E6U0Zt6Gfiy1No8RojNZBaCH5GYk1VWIwLaS7k8HitCuO7dkk13jDw%7EX0PV5zLDocSVoE%7Eyvi-g9kAgYv3rdLSH-HlGb3S5wsRJyP05%7EEyQxbGci2KXp0Bz2ErG1w9k6TC2td272qCFSuhclWJtNoCIaBL3LR-e0IknELAa20rjeV-YwgzU8Qh4-iu3SIYRrYHLyS9Sf23Qhhzm7ExYr084pkVUxmSTQelAWeMzW0cEYJih0eWwUGVh74wCq4Dg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1427910f098f8b0856e7d86e636f0044 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 011 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Traffic signals Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 4. C Street S.E. looking west from Texas Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/07cbdcdb12b16194b7f21760ba055f1a.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HyF2KHtm47uXgC%7E86AA-pwU7RLKRaXQCh5ea8HVIk%7EI4rLblXtXkA2ANc6YA-RxYHm2P6NE5FpOeOVVZZRE9ZWJBEOpkads8ZzK7QLLo7ghML6gNiWWearQukRHdHksNVKBb1R5iLMoOVS86GfG2jCaVocvXhVuWO1fd6C9gyUn5uywuBm9Tk6yR7K4gFeYtD%7Efk6jtnr8G1R3AdCcRc9t79kj1qe7TrrXVDRH0Mvwmn4H02Fc0FsFXEDAh91sYY7LpcHhgNGF-c7gTeopsipHN3ArPY7VjdnG8Y0NKq8AyAVClcvgnkfDgjkiBbnjwX8b2FNuJyNP0jDRlRsyVQiA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM de3a333d6642f43e97c95dfac223199a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 012 Subject The topic of the resource 56th Place (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: 56th Place S.E. Ayres Place to Central Avenue no. 5., Looking north on 56th Place S.E. from Central Avenue Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/77c0b006f24ca9eab65c3ceab2a6d4a9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=TiesbDpDfeS-pv9U5Q4WqVBqcOkz0FKlJueQIhrskwxt1SmQUM489vRe%7ETCbZM6mpGkaiX8xWlA9VRrgEU663NqhevqVfudvG0EF9%7Ev4hEcLBDyXK1GnYK0XL4JnvYAF6cSwOaTVsk%7Els2GP3ZhbkLRCx9LcalIfq0CHVI8NlPSnfKMwyGIRPX9GrG3n-CAN2ftPDht3qJKhx8u6aorAserFfik08BZIGEJVQYGGCKSeP9o4M1xBpBzf-xpOujlVeEUvruyK%7EKSNPWemtmlSfTDPB0BstDQHxKdIjrljg5KKn1izedDTpFevjXrCyvG2oVGm2B8dhaIggp3RnNtfyQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 547b049a0bcb0ea3035644004ae6bba2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 013 Subject The topic of the resource 56th Place (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: 56th Place from Ayres Place to Central Avenue no. 6. Looking south on 56th Place from Ayres Place. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d10282d689f9323ae0ae047d424fa474.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SC52ZlgR8054KCLyAFHoRxOhldOxNx6i3aOnOCNRBcFY7y%7EN-T5yaQmTuNUAk00ZVn1AF3AmI3%7Edfc34dLMgb05eCRmwXtYEzltz2mA1roZSS0MgH9o4H2anl5SRSOWA3depDg3OjRDpUaduLmVa-9yB1FyfBpF1xLnkKRZ2rkryEv6ntcJH3Fqdc8tHSDTwWCDBzuCeGe5N2jNd0BoM3leTG3QGPfPpPjUp2FQEPAX9UN5rVkhlfkVGSvvIeDRVGjUbNwLg1KmRRjoXofM8uB4OWpdQOjKtQiYZi3HrtTmQju4-6V%7E1E3aXFcdMka8Tal51ZuhLGL3xBVomj5kZug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d26ab122f22ec70096596981f7776b25 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 014 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 7. C Street S.E. looking west from Benning Road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 2, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/4550857ddd6ba4a7fd91ce17e66eb461.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=uKgEePtqgn8crQpUgntWhX1kkOF2-U2A5dhXyQM3U%7E0JTgvmyRCrQSuN%7E2vsufvA8g6GITm9lnk5ROxMWpMOshwS4rKzuRM-lYy6%7EeiC5NTtsQgOs%7ErR1sXxHRQPAeUX5WSjTEKSQWblEkLKJ%7ESAitmN5NqVLsv%7EmBGGoxKbjYc4934xWX3QB39UV%7EoGUFqnQHtOcglV9Yj3D8uvRhogjMsyPMUoAPXbRlNbtX%7EyVYrpXAmHrJNihXRH3Ik1bCDjFrsQXmgvcEwjvt%7EeTdrCwIuJJuhG7SN7kq206-3yXI2FLhSvzXupOxF7oUUK-PflanUasw2jy%7En6SWvlmrIqRA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9905d5b46279abb5fe9b73b22de56ba7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 015 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 8. C Street S.E. looking east from 4525 C Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 7, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6bf88d4e3f07532547e0dd9e0abcbaff.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=WTfBEtUal-bH13K8k0nSeOxDn4lVH0UOLIykoLLlC4y3uMNmfPQ9W6MjCD4mBiJEKKwVsOuhGflwj5oHgJc9EawZQSOeC7YBhTApyxdIDsY7TSIc-E4BByAF7q1wRX%7EGdSOmn752AOxjpB0lnjZch0kjWK3sghUczkog%7E0B1yEELXKFzwMLMCT2eex5SzT4AKzkhc6VnaGzqvr9AOrk6f2OB9dq0jXeOs1ZZrgZamMEygq%7EfZtmjqCWXy1aZE-K%7E0ZWcY3y3aFA3cL2PzHtpa%7EdKy1Mb1waHnQ0MvHjKUkXJ9xF-ekc7Q7Hm12an22wnf5FF4mXX0NCJOkC-RaKKlQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM aca6d95273b0c1715c0361b3eb4a5b5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 016 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 9. C Street S.E. looking west from 4525 C Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 7, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/3797f8cc5920c91e4a3b6e87a2087eb9.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=O4Ie6fvSskGwmsqEqFhvSGSPQCANRFYvHb6WPv7IfSCcdc39WXjgY880MchVAmDV8AVzL%7EC%7EwWkGPZU%7Evw7s8mTyctWZ-hXFXvJxm32q-nhdWMjmGWwxoQdre05OzC9cWWuN8QH8TIN20xsbqB3NujhNvtD%7E5RhuaHyYTWcE-gtNgKm8GpVovQyqSf9v4hZj%7EcOI8fXxs%7EFI74gfWGqVVxxipMMHqC8WPur1xYVFYcNerrbt8UxzOvaFI70xkLEC33waEmxuUON9M9oKPwEaNuaESLa0kWMN41%7EJs%7EHUZqIZo20m8mKLMGH3XYIk2TucU%7E7e-8Ch%7EkXrZqRuBwGjAg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a65ff5049213100b1b12e1b06691daea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 017 Subject The topic of the resource C Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: C Street S.E. from Benning Road to Texas Avenue no. 10. C Street S.E. looking east from Texas Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 7, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5278fb66d769c129b8744b8cb22c4246.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=KTJ2eWOKySjTTmncKFoDEu0UUIYDG0UhnF1F0Y9FDnEOkSVEJmYeQ7l3KrOXmPE1VyQhtxCm7mBzEnia64SrKdQwllBIpF8y0h7IKe6z21vPJUjk--xJ5SH86B7SeyLVZWM4GkQVSLdlDI%7Eug6V6RB1QNakB2jZ1wHUry2n7sm23OdOMnTgeHQwtvo1sL2N5xxNL2jLIrStN3f7iKvQOIqgxScfaTDjytxEUJWqKflbSbwxXwZlzk3pgd-Za6KYQY9uIyYPMfNy4M%7E7SJaJpKBl5fJMWlf3tbbq-MijoEeaqtZ2yi-GJooX45vb3s5MVEAjSTbg2%7E2Uf0LSuioVwBw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ddabc56e6398fd7e29d158e047878acb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 018 Subject The topic of the resource 56th Place (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: 56th Place from Ayres Place to Central Avenue no. 11. Looking north on 56th Place southeast from Central Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 7, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a67311075d9a840e5e7a35b066934c57.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=TOQ8hLNHMB0j77nBH3Ih%7EfPRQ7AYK5YARgUVh911kFAU-vQk8Llp0EojpopgJ-1quKk-qD9JtyJLwjn%7E4OgpaX8CKZNNeD4T6FhMVQgdk0NsNRy9hdbZvrsTteRyUvGjFsWlCo3XK1WEO8yDu0uX7VnZzg88dokdTn6D8ZBp4S5xeJ5CVKo%7EAUlMoLwz6m4%7EmhE4u51TI6vVqjy7aZjJLYDbvYGv2dqBGTk7XUONJ2XZ4wFl5rMqofEe7GE-ttHx5Jy057N9v6Xi1UxrpojGAD5G-oR3Bivkv%7E0RITL%7ESuA-v3Z17bAG3Q3zg1m5L4EKNT2XCT0l9laSS1nyhScs8w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 03ba436cdb3cb14f0129fe7fbf541f12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 019 Subject The topic of the resource 56th Place (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal Year 1983 Sixth Roadway Upgrading: 56th Place from Ayres Place to Central Avenue no. 12. Looking south on 56th Place southeast from Ayres Place. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 7, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/9b12f50dedde73f16b0a640995f32840.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=jBBGQAwFARhBXFYortipwHw5TDo3qtC4ZC-L9Ww7eDX0PKGeYm2x75tYpLSUi6fenErOFQVcnMvNPhE4AuiCoDrRgeg0J1v0nN55%7E7gg3ghQqljcmnrMpo0n94g8CkZXQwz0HEB4Br6rzrMpa713P1iyxhtDu47xkj8qSmtON261iC4rRMAji4Uc-AbhSnH274BBcFuyDaV2zJjvVFS0LOaGacHdqoNZdWiaDubI%7Eba7a0wgkhphkoaIsWYlWB0tytkhq4JlIpwehaxUMl4AM9Q66w4FsC1j5imMY8FG5HRxjxeZAd8IxqBU3MVVojVXOUbZD2CG8JY0bT7sbtd1sQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM eb5f42c3ee5b7bf4ba942d79cf859f65 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 020 Subject The topic of the resource Texas Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design ) Streets Housing Carpenter Street (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1983 fifth roadway upgrading Texas Avenue S.E., Carpenter Street to Nash Street no. 5. Looking north on Texas Avenue S.E. from Carpenter Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27, 1983 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/413894efd7dc9988cfbbfd9f1eb33aa6.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DedPTe2t39tl16QwWdbGcVz7qg34cjfNEw%7E4K9AoxoSg46NBxZpMbaFHboBX9coxQs9CwQxBQv7ho4egU1Kit%7EbnxASl4-4LUssncZwgW7RZL8QnrvfNIetx5esJ-0ZCozxH00SS26bw9-hZ-ewZ9FfV8lCG6IHWui3RL-wJv0DwYieKsHKOblpJLdHpzCTmOrWY5azly5lxHrhPeDNWmEzlVdqn85l6AthH8sk-ldh857EreM9K8Ioy0o3wxfolQBi0zVGmtFyGyo780rYlhDfH4Na19w7AFk0BWEJXFC4NksUVn-96jX3Sxs-zyC7jqDeko2YAKBZBxPIyRaf4BA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bf856fe0f6ea1c86af2c43bd50a75f7a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 021 Subject The topic of the resource Texas Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design) Streets On street parking Housing Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1983 fifth roadway upgrading Texas Avenue S.E., Carpenter Street to Nash Street no. 6. Looking south on Texas Avenue S.E. from 3621 Texas Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27, 1983 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e3b5a95a95ef84aec4b88475e145b6ab.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YbYA4s5FBLxJvws7JG-DAF5xgxefSddCdccV6GcS2agRKOZ8Vg2oXibn2EbtsnjJldlScVdss%7E9l8LfgIUhpUGFMKf9n1rHtB3V7vmwlcpa-mEKtGDdTugGXnH2tKpGjD6T3jFa0SmJogcoR5MXCfeCCPjS01g-FEPy-urLLOkVvO5lmyaas57SUi07jv4jBVPr42d2W0qcC5jYif88pi1C9uRvTwYfzAan5BMPemO4tPmFiqhLoRJilWVOI11S4xJwxcb2HnfbuSZDannE7px3fBDgqTL3c17UA5BGc6RHr2k1ej9F2NYqli712Rd1aAyoB3dy3OPP6I5JQwd6cCA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM efa7198b1088774e647e9edc7dfc2163 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 022 Subject The topic of the resource Texas Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design) Streets On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1983 fifth roadway upgrading Texas Avenue S.E., Carpenter Street to Nash Street no. 7. Looking north on Texas Avenue S.E. from 3621 Texas Avenue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 27, 1983 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/288e79f1b7518b8e5417b450e55550ab.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=lhrdnqcxUwdC9Hrbrh6PE6zM2KZE2wXhjlTnc6S1zjqJ8bwumpjTbQYup43SJgn-8dzzRCzQSNvFp02v6Ilzixj2bmw7plvlZx46ZDb7YWGvDV%7EHG6tce0tf-zbrjmz4tpfN0Lzq0aCA0qEbEC2yHuS4FAfb6hZVygp93pfhw4CV6Fk6mKHy22Nlxjnq4zDKNRuCICEWHYXwIpqb99%7E2ovudvPZSa13fqOdk0jNhwkG4U0bEG9xx43%7EeksRizDYREbhJzdnpYwdlQknSXkj8yCzoWJBK8snvrdshhAKfxddbdiGuiKUCMApVPtRhAVXdONNZpJHI3kmdy5sZ%7EO%7Elww__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7c01f944887d8284617ce27c1efcc1ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 023 Subject The topic of the resource Texas Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design) Streets On street parking Nash Street (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1983 fifth roadway upgrading Texas Avenue S.E., Carpenter Street to Nash Street no. 8. Looking south on Texas Avenue S.E. from Nash Street. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 024 Subject The topic of the resource Streets B Street (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 2nd roadway upgrading: 3300 block of B Street S.E. no. 1. Looking west on B Street S.E. from 34th Street S.E. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 025 Subject The topic of the resource B Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets On street parking Motor vehicles Housing Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 2nd roadway upgrading: 3300 block of B Street S.E. no. 2. Looking east on B Street S.E. from 3321 B Street S.E. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 026 Subject The topic of the resource B Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 3300 block of B Street S.E. no. 3. Looking west on B Street S.E. from 3321 B Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/1257b53ddf0cbe5a95ee76d2c7c6600b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=FRyKVedkIXW-rg3TbiDLOMqKq05xTQTOax4QUWaixzpdajF6y3P1JFGKI-ERCQWQeXvWLzvaswVDPh0BL1KZTD%7ESdG8DolVH3ZJNF130XMgae2kmRSnNl%7E-CmswpFyChvcGf4NNVT6Tc1hpv9RNVvPVhEqOuNXhH0AgF4Ys%7E%7E73pr%7E0WWIFP6tS9OaKcV6GcEfTk8-cWB3N4lfDOb8Fj6%7Ek39OWEbjUF3PF4a5iUF%7E80Buo1oYMeGe-0DRcABrE6S5ftjpSGpvvT43XZNeyzmDiob031fWOpNQtZNY8-jkjVcDLxY1I8SBxboeO55kbptO8pO0MP-GNvn0QivRPNyw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 82fc6848d6885dbc176eaafb8f0750ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 027 Subject The topic of the resource Streets B Street (Washington, D.C.) Streetscapes (Urban design) On street parking Motor vehicles Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 3300 block of B Street S.E. no. 4. Looking east on B Street S.E. from west end. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ff6513ffdf8e7afe96173d19568891f3.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=opmDv5WE9L4iZ6pu%7EFO7NsSHxxICUllDjs1ZaPH%7EN978oLOahFkqR1NZyOOfvM1QoMt7NQ3I3WuFbjyIh0frb1cRjzFi7PP9MJSCe4CU5g9j7nxEc%7EuQE1oyBNQEmRPiLsWYT8OimhlXLEwdlSc5NOiIIfstgszalMYCEi-fK6zrnhElWL0MRtEpr5WwI-sDYXmm1uc5bbMirnh2e%7Ep5xFBlhmopl3CGwgqdFSMqQYLyQP029dZ0m2lkTzUTfLQGvEgq0HJoJSqVFPSMBvwjGNF3F1O3VRGz4U78WMtqYT5LgUppThRD9sLai5jXgGec%7E7UN3lUUX83MoTjyT1OO1Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 81d19503131aa8312c0b8455bcbde632 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 028 Subject The topic of the resource Croffut Place (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: Croffut Place S.E. from 34th Street to 35th Street S.E. no. 5. Looking east on Croffut Place S.E. from 34th Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/732d2001c44c2d4a03359df2240df74c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=C1s3v8tNPKzJbOHCLDwakvWdLjsc8ViOMWp3jbHDcidAxndlJKb90SHB%7EC1uEEIyWaNqE-Z-qmd3KHU98rz7wrVAg-hfpgY21-ajoTWFtixXqrkhcVySNVq77Q0T3SiuMMR93yMr-QvUyre-3fjdGuhJdoAu0b8QzaJB8Agm4khRjap6VvPrGzJQgSwmTMET68JaRzd%7E6vL88wJZNkwT96n5L853JPGkHHErbgrG5c9qEAN7R7BTcpc--dbAnjGu%7EzZvI6N8wY8S6fefXhQm%7Ehjfyp4DgmW4T7OiKk6ORIxSSC-PGTEI0Xb9n%7EED%7EFqadTFUXvPYf0dW5w0QoZWHiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7184eb907169aeab17d28343f2c7c46c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 029 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Croffut Place (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles Housing On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: Croffut Place S.E. from 34th Street to 35th Street S.E. no. 6. Looking west on Croffut Place S.E. from 3426 Croffut Place S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/39c10510a1e371af88ea96e60845e59f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=MQ24QyvD5Od18VNFDPPed9ADXSUaxcxJB5O3JvhjlMIUxgUdl-0HOB2DzG2JT9EAuhUC6Y13QeP-WFsH9Z857NlEe1gK48XNGV8ZbE4ga0mE2TRm8GOXkUmE%7ENwjRucTyxznTgorpm06e7dw0jzPrj%7EPIh-ujBUYfVPkNlOfo7vOk1Jt3heerSgxnsLSkw%7EKlSMDn4pht8RJdJGNBPkaqBdv7IB--K6%7EoikmAJyquw5AoaWE81j1JgWKQvyRpeHrfpNAakdf0gNAm4YlQsOzU-SlU1G2asn86-mUb7vABa6VQ%7EQpUNrpO2ZgOkil54bkXF3khnNXtuM-yb8gxzjelQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f9c7079be348a255624c81ea6aad07ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 030 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Croffut Place (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: Croffut Place S.E. from 34th Street to 35th Street S.E. no. 7. Looking east on Croffut Place S.E. from 35th Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/84d2700e845d8f2e62ac0e788a2ca863.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=jVwuXZKtoTWKHSfYboNvqmo1R5B8RSF6OWF1g-54KnAGucLQZeSb8jlMB8Da1v441Ytq1-u99l2rKW2Z71k5MN3IqTwg3IT8LV%7EIzZRiSeU6xkxtMqaABWyExeaj%7E0SvQEI6iPZmq5n0YpWqXkiT%7ELGVPAaVSyLt30zLDkmso-z2HTyN-8MVJkWUmnHuCwygHIDoZCT-OB3OIYERzjdpC7PawE6t-X65PkSbusP8IlbXY6NEVvnhfPKLwqCHSK%7EkQn2C62UWUSBZt6Hh9rgZCIW62xqmY-gMPjdxIcs4pnwHaO3CbfIYSekoXoD1xbVVHCHVREYoDqVeJy6lzbWBsg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a072c44092052c495fcba5b879cd2678 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 031 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Croffut Place (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Housing Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: Croffut Place S.E. from 34th Street to 35th Street S.E. no. 8. Looking west on Croffut Place S.E. from 35th Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b0b03d89619a88bac5c594c603ebd12b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=sY8p3Kgdhi48j%7EprCTkY9O%7ESpOQpoH2UPppLq7eJdaCnFMHCmrHxhdmlRTHYQkTJwnMkBXkCmATjwpeFlR3Ms6jGxzPr4GALiug7a0rHXqOKL4kzlm9gPPjegaxYtWHnqHsM-LWo4%7Epcv67S76VuNYpa2rsxEUKhxPsE%7EfBrdYmBBPzTksstxIcLfolU7jnx-I3AzDS%7EyJ9qnkNyGK2HHxRBW-a8U0kf4rHJ8ORsyQui%7ELvcrsB5KJmoe6vmNSxBnh-lGdRpLGSEKpp0ZskSNYgClYox-J-x8z6cjTXlRQoLMEUqe2BAwIz2cvixc9E7pjOm-iV3IdvjrzdnDkSmrA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 107eae1c3a371c10a81e1fa1ebb2addd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 032 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Second Street (Washington, D.C.) 32nd Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 32nd Street S.E. from V Place to Park Drive S.E. no. 9. Looking north on 32nd Street S.E. from V Place S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c27e92b642497b760c018e9fce564a8c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=my6Oayui8SKPvApddnjgBJRbQxUmGySjgr%7Eo23g8Wnjbnrq6L85jxcQlu8QD6dXsFFHq7FG%7ETOQVhwBic8XCGh4GBsyAjjUS%7EL8UjsetKbt93Z6B91-vGZ7-iU8Jih4pOmWVA3YEKAiHnROj9z3LdsgTMc60InQDZTTIc8Q4HoQUlAArX6zlDJPtKgGS3c4A0njfe99K%7EnCDt7hQDDAaiGDOFyKHz0w0BmzCJbK7c0hR6IB3xcWAQVMfGQ19-3OyHARk2YHWoW8t9w%7EfjhcGRAXbcB8-Hxp2SFCYfCH3A43fwyyP%7EsIBWa8YDNAncXefoJjlzhjuhWWVCAzopRDbaA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 59ac2a2d742730a1e7762634d930480e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 033 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Second Street (Washington, D.C.) 32nd Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 32nd Street S.E. from V Place to Park Drive S.E. no. 10. Looking south on 32nd Street S.E. from 2020 32nd Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/db741764a7ec80552f30eee59574a4f1.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nWPeXFwh4PjJ2jgQ0q4wZEd6%7EjyT0kQDXe-j0L9uDGOuRp1gD3%7ElZM2t3itUMMRk1D2vYA7u1M60qH6OU73RzUHQ3LAK8dslnyLm2p8UmDtfHEIZjd54bJC22EusYK6icAfrE8twKuuPKaSjBoleETZ3ahscYxRIrckGrYUXRqTTkazb0cnOf3H9tQt6jYHrXquHf8tZu8rE4MIArVmeRetbEprPoJWbsl2m3xW%7EQwkNmRZ4bHV8DozUhcXKG5PBnue4KcvzY%7EPuK4o4DmHSeXeksJ341W5-aVy7mMAXS79l4GjwIsLHDL8N7G-COo-q5Kt9msb6qtoKYGV5ECIIuw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 715e42b3629f3230e217bb6d81ee7929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 034 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Second Street (Washington, D.C.) 32nd Street (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 32nd Street S.E. from V Place to Park Drive S.E. no. 11. Looking north on 32nd Street S.E. from 2020 32nd Street S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/58b2bb0a992bfdd35b94559ab8dae335.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=O35sSUR5G5qqhovt9ASj59He3ia5-5Gifi7HhWqGLtYsrpeJvRQvG2y7vw5PPSktL3l-Lxaq0aORK5Kqk8SK4eGO5YYCSGcSeKUP%7EQQSYp0x2gxHVeJOTS2E%7EaZwN7-dnxiVBn4K0AxahU1snRGBgSkNsqt%7EwvfBfVSA5Uc0VFrQum-CdkQUHb-4xU%7ErCbQML882ZSXpmG8mQIPoZQCSgkzafEF1ds3IjC%7EsCTgv87Hu3Bh-uBgHgQuCk8z968wYBzh3Efz78P7rfuCpaG5fkvCRRyO3WLLAHSkL5KEyOCRDnwuty9a2OMjOmIUDwVtKNrY85jnz6PHqxai0Yysaag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a1e5972a87a5cef4ab9f37f32338c91d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 035 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Second Street (Washington, D.C.) 32nd Street (Washington, D.C.) Motor vehicles On street parking Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 32nd Street S.E. from V Place to Park Drive S.E. no. 12. Looking south on 32nd Street S.E. from Park Drive S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/32aa5b8c01f786041fa966691fe9f12a.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=dxl4whEFZRGEOrmiQsAOZk9Mp9yhQXZUuXz6aCORSZCa3qM7aDYG9jm1sfQ4XxlzIXESaPfjUgqrKZKLa7Ni8300SLWgO4bSrEVudmzFNOubRHwRDa%7EPjr5zHRhv0Q0qKbAtY6EYQrLnoaWnDw%7EsiaSMLJX1YQ4MD8YWbXH3zCuL6DsdL50Sw129eBoVi%7EnmSagKv0hP3fxnf1UhXzubSK-DwC1L9gAw8nE-mZo9NYJ0NoBEW%7EUjHxLHzSzeRgiJ9Htp-kQcDdZYnqdtn8Z-ES8bNQOu1wirObmofqcSAm1swOWE852-QxlATdoMTlpiLhVz3EK1spmCCnyoBJNUUA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7511f3598a9fb3d4c618a5ce525cbb96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 036 Subject The topic of the resource O Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Massachusetts Avenue (Washington, D.C.) Intersections Housing Description An account of the resource Local street upgrading, reconstruction, and resurfacing, Ward 7 durings no. 169. Looking southwest on O Street S.E, from Massachusetts Avenue S.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 2, 2003 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/98bed6ea04bbc4c955658fdc90df0cb8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YUo2WBt8Uvqbaiap8dtObcINhWEuTdTeKnQXbzQyAPX0h4rVP5Ro7rd2qFRjZ%7EmWy%7EVE2Mkls3-VE-pS0x6Zzh5pBdJALawUx9ZwzPg5JJRoU-FfB6rgFKDl53tGR5UyCPaMYxfrih-wC-WpO6bhoufaiJsVFCfNtR8pfn-08NIvJBkc%7EXfEfr2aFs3-2D-oBfwEcipXFyZJR9WuuFzl15%7EkRSWb3XRRnrYC4Sl5TUQoJe9pYlpR2AoHY7Bh16-u9E6vpUZuZlbiwBsU4jlv%7ERYQaD3lzIUqdAp61z86ty5EO%7Ehvu65wc-LWzIdHIbJrW5Pd%7E8yVgASUysycixgpzA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b96d486585ba078786fff7f0b14576f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 037 Subject The topic of the resource Bowden Road (Washington, D.C.) Sheridan Road (Washington, D.C.) Suitland Parkway (Washington, D.C.) Residential streets Children Description An account of the resource The 2600 block of Bowen Road southeast, looking west across Sheridan road and Suitland Parkway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The description and year information with this photograph was crowd-sourced from the group Old Time DC on Facebook. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1970s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0876b2318806c0b07199c3f217015166.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=HVlOTomNzDl7hXQFvAllLMWZUKLCwH5SRRU7nDvmxa8EmyDR9XVnCB4dlkrd%7EWHIj2w4WmCg1zB0PmTBCm20AlcaIEt3WWFDlbq5DdN8IT84vDWYFvgdRwlaYijTE9%7EmGGo9pmUVkeUXYb9%7EFK7Aj%7EK2X%7ECfEjwoXdtfCXxQSriQ3aeLEZEjx%7EgF%7EUqKiwEjR9xP9zJjMwlLz1-l%7EodjLI42ph2l0xJ0CDuUhjMn96LWEXUuWVq3QvikdLdNu7VtXwmNde%7EqIuiG7ljRLvmrYTccxkW7JpH-cYelJQ8oQTguIvr9KOTHJI89ZcZIskZnjhDFFZqt8S%7ENGaCotstcdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 26539b4bbbcb408f90ae21b23d8bd642 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 038 Subject The topic of the resource Stanton Road (Washington, D.C.) Elvans Road (Washington, D.C.) Residential streets Housing Description An account of the resource A view of homes on Stanton Road southeast at Elvans Road. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The description and year information with this photograph was crowd-sourced from the group Old Time DC on Facebook. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c85f9e4f8f2803b3bafe42e85874e344.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=oq5H19211w5YjvK5kVxHSFSDQ8Bykr6FmNhtARFcF6i5%7EXQFn2Gl1RzUNvIjIYWl92Dn79M1B9DkifY9D2rkZZGxmkcD8j%7E-ANPafVHMC7PITkyDALg0u-uLdTsXBhxeHwfY4dnvnwO5R55npMTlTozB9AcIIgG-60jQQtrczaWEwNlIVHkVONgc7weQjdTTkEvFLe6tF0x4doLlFieOkhMTScJSFQcRzxfMfym8dT94RWfZF2IauS83LVITkAkuoZc80GS5zTslR99Pqiy3Gsf0OAkGH7GD%7E26-3rKxBd753eoAj3dmczAOEkYtwIeXfIBpZGnIRSm1j4g3Oza3XA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 63f64f173335f72efcb8dfb1929a86c6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast 039 Subject The topic of the resource Suitland Parkway (Washington, D.C.) Stanton Road (Washington, D.C.) Roads—Interchanges and intersections Housing Cars Motor vehicles Residential streets Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource A view of a car at the intersection of Suitland Parkway and Stanton Road southeast. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The description and year information with this photograph was crowd-sourced from the group Old Time DC on Facebook. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource circa 1970s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Streetscapes Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Roads Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Description An account of the resource Photographs of the streets, roads, and avenues of Washington, DC. Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Southeast DC (East of the Anacostia) Subject The topic of the resource Southeast Neighborhoods Residential streets Description An account of the resource Photographs of various areas in southeast DC. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Neighborhoods Residential Streets Southeast https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6bde4bc013ba16cf7f4abc601102a0cb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RzO1KmWxTvPS7lyt0l49SHBxTTarCCLKYPw6D96BRlKUPdKhpaWMFQLlvQthxPrfQmNMRYNP-lXL5E9ddguzCEeFI-cPb0sfUMP5pQ7JschrI%7ErjxYlwJ5LAUI4IdWL0-vXKzS81yGh8ktdS4vBKwp1wGMQ%7EZOSo%7Ewn1h%7EeH1ZGOBIsVZv4P974q0DAUTj5H0DB-iQgMHllEgKNUmK0plaBTP0cGKa3bXAyKeb5a5Kcfi%7EQD-z60zq0JmsEM-o2UUaPJ8LP5G0bEn4h8BvkxxsRE9cDK4wqGHUvGs1T3kYAR2AeWspM3ujKRxf4YUHwWF2JzoIDIEZmw%7ER%7EW4Csejg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a4f299f39092bafaef15c7438a3c821c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chesapeake Street 001 Subject The topic of the resource Chesapeake Street (Washington, D.C.) Tenleytown (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Construction Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986, 4th quarter roadway upgrading project on Chesapeake Street N.W from 41st Street to Fort Drive no. 1. Looking west on Chesapeake Street N.W. from Fort Drive. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2828c40bad42830519b786a52a9e4483.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=AICUl1gtq-0GGkPU9pLcDTbYUadug5IFfesdis-1miexYb%7EMUsy14DXOUmSYnJLX3pg0BuOxwScYuhKmNOLtRfZAW%7Eru4skIgPfT4RfeqZuIpiNy6%7EfP9vjczO74v3s23M84YueeKVRIisvPTGdvkg5FJVSGECRT96DM25Byl0hWkwQ7oyt3grDl4A-%7EArLRRB3o5iSYIM5bycwTO7D75DqSjC%7EFXq9XeHs8vmMah6FCBT0XjeBbua5A-PrBTYqsUOU6s7hnu2m8%7EF-ecjkdSP-86OwHs3yjSKLukK0kR6mT9IbBuS150wBTvts5s0rO6CsbXZ73WTfznbuFj52cng__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ede3ef9e6a4d744bc8713f26de13edbf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chesapeake Street 002 Subject The topic of the resource Chesapeake Street (Washington, D.C.) Tenleytown (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Construction Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986, 4th quarter roadway upgrading project on Chesapeake Street N.W from 41st Street to Fort Drive no. 2. Looking east on Chesapeake Street N.W. from 41st Street. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/13f9df6beff13b2b7142ab996c530c3c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SOxPIrAWZaTuUR6JL1YuTG5l8k0HBr9eQJTWeZE1yTHer9LHVCOg2HTcj9HcEmIIaYNpT16My8O9WO4ipuIpC%7E6bwv7x-L9FqMA%7E9ULw%7EHy7yWhwnJNsJ00D34ZDqK-%7E6KXNKsY2O4YBpHc8Bewa1e4W1gkNAYgZKQVPf0x7VykPEs8Ftbv8J-930fDl5ct7WPf2e%7E6-Kd9F4pTvcuqQW0HeCCOYqNGVcujyB01OzKzw7LxCk9N1h4D-DOMKqWwvV0zQjJzxOUBNR1p6UydtGOXDGlMG11A1zEaPYSWhsTT5IxByhzE33J0IUcOcu45%7E83yVvwaZ2802qSJ6lcrs2A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 370d5a1e37c6053c387d0d165ed8d604 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chesapeake Street 003 Subject The topic of the resource Chesapeake Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Tenleytown (Washington, D.C.) Construction Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986, 4th quarter roadway upgrading project on Chesapeake Street N.W from 41st Street to Fort Drive no. 3. Looking east on Chesapeake Street N.W. from midway block. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a1993288abec9c27570d871e051ee78b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DEN80Np7SL-ibil9Lict%7E0yJc7fXObtjOQoDdtyXP-6lsdXXUqYX6IjzkVyk2dN6B6xZXPlf11qr%7EwMLBsLvkGG3zdLqWv29%7EPeRu726zg0KoxogAdGPNJyJFHmHYA32RD0YqD4hqS0lPcfMWHxWeRXbVoE2OqVD5GZ5UINhDJxrg0QEnf2R64%7EAOJlVuOgA7oGBU-iyjtQEQgRaX6%7EQ%7EwVEDjXmtEN5NFP4RKZPa4Znq1k2DpP2kDVz6CtKczXWuB%7E8hAxCBbfE03co%7Ej9GixDDcEm3q1O5cc%7E1pnj0dn66d3yhnClFYVmqbT%7EhQo9qALslafHHIBKMAS-JA3boNQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0aa9a4133fcc8e8b6b335fe9a71ecb70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chesapeake Street 004 Subject The topic of the resource Chesapeake Street (Washington, D.C.) Tenleytown (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Construction Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986, 4th quarter roadway upgrading project on Chesapeake Street N.W from 41st Street to Fort Drive no. 4. Looking west on Chesapeake Street N.W. from midway block. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chesapeake Street Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Construction Tenleytown (Washington. D.C.) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Chesapeake Street N.W. in the Tenleytown neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Neighborhoods Streets Streetscapes Tenleytown https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/fa8d33508caa232d5455ea9aab107d75.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Gtl1lmJ6JE2CPOeFBA-WOZl8g4xyzFu%7EDAAnGr5zIg4wJPu0huDCSKDOSFDOR8gqZxeAm4Vk4il2bpxlXFI9LV5vjVYIAr4FgGtyqlnG-bDIWX3eVBB77DIYPBA%7EpYhNfuD3nbNyWw-EqD3PHvoSZZnTIutx9rj8FuMhtxm504MQSwUu3u8hn-RlIaJBLBKUoiU-LLVSAFXBE5T9HNiQUNrV7QUttRLsBNbgnTXLMD7vyfEfqhiVVC-%7EUOwrcLHCulJSR%7E0GeyL55RBraL-35OTxTRNijd2L1fy8SoxWd-2wGKtNXAwB8qo1mAJQAqIJblPo5zbZg3zm7jlQlp1TIQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 48ae7ac1d6d075d539e9c4189d8e0359 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 001 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Apartments Housing Description An account of the resource 4200 block of Gualt Place N.E.. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 26, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e8ea5e6c4ba56d9cedf7dd8279810b5b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=YOXVMljgLxRVY-05HtVEC14wnjG6b5ZRX5g7weqm%7Ep5jwbNprUJqwoLVf4xAss9GNx2XVCcryYT4YKZ6RpKZZtm87iQaZ1ThIyeNgEJ4ZzQDtLtG6gniQcUHNdbjanzcYQ69kXABGVBBe6hdhajQfQyqRdB-tFV44D5E-kQD%7EJa91T8S2wRZIGMzWVSRT3qkpKOXQbwrUv0kXFFxC1aUTentWyGivL6tmaooHoVg27TKW5Dg5l5imB6nbT4qOdrC8AjQFt6gPRYiegD8nXii2rC5qsYft7vSNgHOTG0p83Qn2P%7Eiqxt76rHouhO0ZqkWYlkp4YhJZ6HS3MVkrW%7EIZA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1408211118610ee7bfd4443ff177c084 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 002 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 4300 block of Hayes Street N.E.. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 26, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a7aa5bf7c87668f906f45076db35ce29.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=T1hLzeoCgynLy77oCYDxA3ADpbxqZPrJj09uZnG1e21jcwoRMgYR93gP9dN%7EDBXbKE1cWFor3Lm1qNY-A1lCRNAvypKV2o-Bmf95odEMrbo0Z5G0WCPvnAhU0J8h-1ieab%7Eh0tCV-v%7E5H9dKFWXOrTJCjGSEO3YmF6IV8HqtvVwXrkPzhKPhMa4s%7EFvyTZxTXMMYnDEj9gdDx9necsWh%7EIZdYQV9tUj9ghjmcEmUCmadm7%7ErS5QrswceaZZa3b2YYBBKY3D8Pb1f6qCO8DLIi3EoKVnhf7D8TrRx4eBqgORbNApVzHXwMuxEfobyKY8BPEOg8T21FnLUCct5HAUX%7EA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b633bf20d6a8e97093bf5ac6c1618650 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 003 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 4200 block of Gualt Place N.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 26, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/65de8dcde9086a8d6a96e9fe12bf91b5.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nN09b-TEqoaN5vUjnsFmzeo5GFN0YcwBSWmZxZCxOLjtgHYAE0Oay5fSZhHEIf3XGpPhEwOv9%7EhF6eYaUqh-XqkhGBAjskG5FLVjizPj-dFsZ1Nqc3NAGksChyEmleiHkgx1ZV7VEO5SYZmCIMX23rk5XImFBuV1FVhFp2v3v1f4XQ6IWgfy1LsLaRCnde-iTM2z8Sr0W0S4LB1zpbzp5XsLq1S1Kn0xVxXGsrsp-0be5tJ4KfHWfAXmDgdk5pEnomtTiF9aQS1YCUZdIhVt9RLuULdMg77N5v%7E2jUzvkBprpsv12UhgUN7QekgikpQrDOxKmp9ffFknksyyV1%7EIpQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 437cd76cd6abd8110197bc9d06870990 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 004 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Playgrounds Description An account of the resource 4400 block of Clay Street N.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 26, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2363e0532709c9388e1145dab904aae0.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ifacJ-gRM0rLZWQu3AK1aLSjt20kg0GEQaOzxKVSlUsbD7vFbXZG6rrkynQ-3-QiQ6q5LW2n0Jg8PLNCIYKie0BV3E8Q3Cf7Z8oKLzHE07oOLU9HJ1qxuAnJ8LC-%7EJvQKH764k2MWwE1glALv0WO1HINzhyJgudSUtkVOR2PtVWHBxf9%7EbbED2FujRINW8wA9P%7E9k8ig%7EwCIbF8tJbHnrDo7ezZZ6rfN9RbHPDC2bi7B-R%7EcgLMzL0IHOiHHhLJmvYZge-iX2B-N6eJGXe9140ujrZZdNV1i-kq9RsQ5FkjK%7E%7EzU0jeziJ2OFx8lEuXj7ij1zdBlug3zwGA6d4UiXg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 07443fe193b096e8a8dbcf8146f0cb81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 005 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 100 block of Anacostia Avenue N.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 26, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/1bc9aa4af05e0a780080d397ae00c066.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Ju1m7iKGJc9anAZMwt54wLxN3zPm1yCO8Cmfx0AmvHbeLT%7EGAG6Cz%7EOX0YEwMujEwQl866FI9o-IMVJsypJ6eNaE4UQVslwB78z0dsw5ZO-CgkqWcpAPYKSth40lLZ74szM-c1pirrPuep05fR8UP6q4IBnnbWPguYJFAEUNWSAvXm8EyHuY1kpKGwhPsIww1kT3ejfjVqojWY2gYJOFxlWRMjIYmERDG9OMDs1TAEiDncSQNTLwqoSAjgW8ay7-Xd4Xc2wBhLn8jHeC4pCd-cMYykf0TztchXy2uQZKn3KIHMd0C8nJNdmLlXwsdA9-35e1dq2MmM3u2efOmV9Iww__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 434326abe3bc256720bd41f23d689895 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 006 Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 500 block of Eastern Avenue N.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 31, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/81bee9f53de8c157e7cb9044ad40f1ce.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=c07KQjG8MhNQxFbMvgflqj2dlOxQn%7EEXTeLQB%7EX-q7GFdwnSdrdoa3AaceS%7EyCcNxFuuEvAM8siOJVBrn1RPLgn75vMvhgegFh5vv7ggN82SBc31ZsIE%7ElLenHo6YP70F5dpPUTXOHbeg5sTZtWN7UzFPat3NkMmLa8POFuq2noWgAIzp2DfdX-xVh6mvqVQWjUdqdewXjuR5g%7E72WZOw0CYSVv3SLUcXHriJeXX%7Egm3bG63kXqcXVwA4IxsZ-kjc2RPCLEoNmxoma3uLuBgZ6WmpVeX7o3MBStZ%7EkA6mni8R5EMSUql2o1aTOkUBYVz7HGZM1wrkdd%7ELmRDxjuz6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5739933978ba034e684586008f71358f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 007 Subject The topic of the resource Blaine Street (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Washington, D.C.) Housing Pedestrians Description An account of the resource 1st Fall 1967 Cover Contract for Blaine Street from 58th Street to 60th Street N.E. no. 51. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 10, 1968 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/68d4a314f16d306c586d7f0fff6d0859.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=D4SCF6lHgDmj-cWUilZxTLFlPVuX23hIXGAwR%7EWA362i7EsAc5-hCr4uRRd2WPNCGp5wr5cx5VeJ-3uKHXqYoE%7EO9%7E1sTjKtoAORranHZXk6l6JA1gMbogkeFjMuLvi2LeTTJjv3Ex1KtfXfmNe8vMtQr6qmJwLsQu4wSf-ArqAOMo7y5QHtPx2vDF5fvuhz-2055Ua5eDMWrTyv2xmh6I1YXSIOhLSLFAeCqPIAf%7Ej6ayf5EDYTzTNRyVfwXBX74diM%7EoeEW0UTCUbCWJk3IC56ov6QvhHw3ckDDdAOEf0oqeWreK9D11%7EK2ONKGrric10MnjuPSy%7EQ4lIg7l-ulw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6a3c0746c04165dfaae8eb54374e6508 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 008 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Trucks Parking lots Thirty Third Street (Washington, D.C.) 33rd Street (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 33rd Street N.E. from V Street to Railroad. no. 13. Looking north on 33rd Street N.E. from V Street N.E. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/22dbbfaf2ae4f30a5bbd89c485c098dc.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=PwmEn8d9NtZMYsk6mXbFBto3tqVeHlXhaBjwXdFKpjsL3nHM6qQX81Uq31rjojVl3eMzdlEc55Afv6IesZo0XIScvYPn6wh4k0cPdWtxxQf8gE%7EKI0n62VsmmBauLoqXNQjBirWmr7L7pRhlbRq7IGhwqrJJg9aGXarkHI-CQk4ovawYVtLWzXey3umx9b-C-3u231KxMuBriglf9Bpae0RV7l%7En2CKbNyroHdn1FlCtm9wRMQZJhwO4lDCEpXRkAbl-gCD93o4TRyltYLHu9pLDUBFvH07yHQmihl-o4D-5hXBHswqYCXw7t5yVYyldUywTG-pMrwo1bCbPxMSk5Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM dcaba00c9625f237d6a06841ed3403de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 009 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Third Street (Washington, D.C.) 33rd Street (Washington, D.C.) Parking lots Motor vehicles Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 33rd Street N.E. from V Street to Railroad. no. 14. Looking south on 33rd Street N.E. from midway of block. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a8c3b66e7b9e8a499ac0d0964ec5a118.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=jz9LdgOOsge4MuULhTpj1uGtg5U9ZQ2YQyXsed4SPMqS8Q4EK-pTjZTaMMbAma9ADhwUAVDtBexcpgB-MApbCFZH%7Ek-HKrt%7EHJJMjkXNxCvFTvi7pjRo6ocikdbgV8zYUxy6wDUu7cDFHx8LrcGOV9-sdNJT6tjufe76inTfXC48pZaJ0ObY5xUzIURIlpqQx3MG1BXCyg-kMUfRsDT1-t%7EQCPhFTSnIRn0noepQOp-HtbFqjxb9NlQQ-mSY0kPhasTHclhH8mYskoSGmVYNjFo1Z4wmNUpXtyQrFM%7EzL50H7XKs2zC3d6QqpNeuN--Eotdrhd6KEoi8IqMCVEblRQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1b6cc2acc128313543f5bfc16ff02457 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 010 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Third Street (Washington, D.C.) 33rd Street (Washington, D.C.) Railroad tracks Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 33rd Street N.E. from V Street to Railroad. no. 15. Looking north on 33rd Street N.E. from midway of block. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/cf7be14e5d114e00541b76e7caf80a91.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=KYi3EW2XGiAJ8xi9VPxcaT2LZmvpnDXzXsk2JcNZwA2jbzqCe1f0e8BwevB2i5AQ%7EdTzOlL6hG7By%7EyKO2%7E562UDE00JdAl5%7En1%7E%7EdPXY-P%7EoH0WUpEe85PXiOW85i33rPMcZSp3NpCabsMBKPeo6CuLoltJX4mew%7ESyL67Eldhs48AXCazo37OtncZrPS1DIhFwaXY1Bsj9in0j1XVomOT1zR7NauZsCUR7f920zY-ZXcYp8IAvMv0%7EHTYK7yKIMy76cppdlFUhm19QHij-vyAlUWlVLkMDzaMIhYc5ypK1DEbRw0sGRKjxnRoCFGy-x-4RC9baYg9c9LxmgKA7Fg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e882a6c04b71164f02824b9270bb083b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast 011 Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Thirty Third Street (Washington, D.C.) 33rd Street (Washington, D.C.) Parking lots Railroad tracks Description An account of the resource Fiscal year 1986 roadway upgrading: 33rd Street N.E. from V Street to Railroad. no. 16. Looking south on 33rd Street N.E. from the railroad tracks. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 21, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Northeast DC (East of the Anacostia) Subject The topic of the resource Northeast (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Description An account of the resource Photographs of Northeast DC east of the Anacostia River. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Neighborhoods Northeast Residential Streets Streets Streetscapes https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2a01c5ca4a95fefd88665d9fc224048c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=nvnX-6haswfAHnt%7E-H0xelRzWy4iPll02yPg2Sbo29JWwNgZiaQkufpVk8w%7ERy55Mop3HuzGSwzqMQsB9WRcgFxQEJWTAZVGxLzfPqyP214aXXs3S4gSVnrqiBy6UjG4fEpTjAyA38JBAg7Lh0Y8tnTmXp1LgHRUGf8GykBAh3zRHUUMWDySvUh3BgAk-KcKDz7h%7EqpT6qN25sKyvL1DD6qDWuVgyoBakBDcccCeIg7-oLloeveyr7Ay4U-HXVIgWZOP7gaH%7EvUipWmx9f2y4eXnbDIra9twn5zlBXQDP39lXorcyxy1COpngqTUX4Luy3n%7ES165JSZN%7EKsdfXB86Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cfb80d01925c739ad13536cbdf2e88c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 001 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 1000 block of 45th Street N.E. at the intersection with Lee Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7d50f1d2aa1420eab7693d89fdebdc61.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=dwSsySyUAKmRBefkzq4fVLZ3vyaEU83Ntb5qSEzkNiqaCviZgPaZ7h8KkrLPH78arF0wY8Mws4V8AwkFjWEMORu2N0BPJDuVGSY0DjPYMjDr8CWljjur9yp4wvrY5y83LfgN-ndij6gdLz8vV%7EEvHtW3dOatrQBbnAfQdM1lkDAPrJ9cFYMJLEUHR4YHq%7E93AO1z3vYuJC5JzYpzg5XEhBbqLCOvRqpU4Cf5AtxXcUn-4snajspB5XFlMalJh2c-D-t3qmdprHzmeGP-r8mNCRvIWXd-xRL-7tQYZjdcQ5kvUD3F0h5GsE7aC8TH7zt10p97CVbljGcrT5ycEhmO-A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 791cc327acb4f36a1c28b8f459cb0c53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 002 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Washington, D.C.) Housing Description An account of the resource 1000 block of 47th Place N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a2a31aca9d3b5dfb4fc074d27b4efc2f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=aEKBAJULjoNEAZcW-l4ZzuV83%7EzOWxOSXHbbYfL8YjJsLKx3pAKSA%7EriR0Ax35dEcz6whR8s4a2cBx7tXYoOFM4g34xKjMTJCkhtqw-YCipDklnOim9l6l9PXCNMcqDNeqiFYHty3TD7itNGv4Wax4d2RVv9QHHSD90RUBEU92ngRYcTLQQ3NX1lAoptOCz999kdF55epyEZimGg8fCPbBerD9PWG4pOqMZ0QU9omjZwfgQZfoiCjg3M79qQ0N7YDhJcg-39Tt-92dQRUGK%7EePwP0btylZMf7ZTjs%7ERuXghQbk1LxGYU-MUHcIIbaUSi%7EFvqMUeFKjjDqJ4bFuYt4w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM de95ae51a72cf0c25a5b2e774e65101e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 003 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 1000 block of 48th Place N.E. at the intersection with Lee Street in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b8bf69bbeb2eb43ba03fd982a7071e12.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Dvu4lUoyCYy%7E86AuAPtjl3rizEBViIXSx4dPsyWlSYT9ajHlCUCjRc12KkNKOrGVWbi%7EiHdREVqpj1VCAwz6-xiRpP4y0zqOPj4yLp3UOJn1Yc-m2I3bm0LqkwUVFlPyU9dL9QgSFwq9g6gPeIuBD3TG-%7Efu1sNl8-kZnmlomYYzHCXyQ2d1drSVd57UcdN3IxNuZjQC%7Ef3TtLHwHBPiNbmqAkk19wG0kuqxPvHjlUwXstS%7E2a7YY%7E%7E3spcSwbbtZqUjvo9bZbjSMqS3IJCLPMMkR4hM6m8H62Jgx-Xe-x-kn6Ed0iq%7E2i9ByvSVdezVNBE3yLxluaNj25vLvlYeQQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e2ad9aa7d594fc1fc60d95f31d353cc4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 004 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Schools Description An account of the resource 600 block of 50th Street N.E. at the intersection with Grant Street (now Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue) with the sign for the National Training School for Women and Girls founded by Nannie Helen Burroughs in 1909. This picture was taken in the summer before its transfer into an elementary school in 1964. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c0824e876286a2954ef48eacd8f1f7eb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=uXzkJTeDHFttyBYuIqMF-XaCMXcmVtpbHyZc40vjr11AUA7EMFWKfLDsmCSMZ5zdU4fdiB53sxlgNF1rf3LdbpxPlIvtao35ey7nRUwMWQY4YZ3FnLnHKMvybhMn7zmw%7EZJb9xVyZntsFFzlFl1ES8t9vKzu2dOGhG3juBvTAnfdiVbyvsyDvUNj2BILtz61d0B0WzahcRBHXI7rGQrjy-JQIaqbWxV6SW8xB2e2bVXcIJVXnbFY55sy0zP7C3rAHz%7EmLU6g0PHwUuEmQR4EI2Buv%7EM7Jj9im-%7EZbUeFWXS-x-zt0W4Jv3WdNuLpe9hPg10xy3QQcjhXtiaS78hBZQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 01f4ac2853ed42660967d7693c0410ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 005 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Description An account of the resource 1600 block of of Eastern Avenue N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 31, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f4870f0d2159a29ba229984be7795bae.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Wm3kHplfYCDfYFN7oPAYngz9VHvXjgXlYWuHvinhAyzkCFARvpJAE-XmJVyVXcA-pom1pztWEleVUpijq%7EEsKbv21sHPS7mSGHOTrenn9qzMuzIwVpQc37KaJNPAiEXJW0H7%7ERAk5ekSy-hDzWDM7Omw%7Epib40PWgsXdYy-tJRuCiAhBsu1rU2gopDE%7ENWn5to6ORAJCfJzvzrLeRmWu6Pm7RhGzdw7VcuKAhwGNMgVF9Ghs%7Ek4j10ynbQ87MvLFuP6D8RYRLulcMT0H4GDcPqNZFb48-RI9dZNFeKnU0QAvE0fUqHULZLrbAshH4lKg5gxAzongM8JS5NNJYH3YWw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fc4188f5da6a9d3f5d503839c544c20d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 006 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 4700 block of Lee Street at the intersection with 48th Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/3cf7c14d96005c42e5e20e0129c39925.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=DwA4Zxy%7Ewv4nErFvfreNjhcC6Js7Q-jTf1kjDRTqOTxGDSDcb0DXN9xqx3Lh72ydyJ-M%7EZozTR6MOK7Hqmq8JzVcDfVBXLXp2LNR7YzkuZ4rinaGfEMC00D6afFMebX8Ws9R0OrrheWW52vdQRQEI4AO4tcJoUbs-F6mdTPyjVLJimU5ulWZfnvHNaBgokVhW11TMxfwHRn3Xr5dLQRcoKU96aahsVuUtAxB%7ET8pzi8n%7EksA7llLw2qwb9N1HwNjb45g1-F0UI70zg%7Ev33Ke0jN3jbKrb91vFEd-5fVVrZiskJTnkaiRLP608wCnoTyKRJbzk1yB38b0nMcX2OfITQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f90b5062fb21af4348f9ebf15e2bd594 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 007 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 5000 block of Lee Street N.E. at the intersection with 51st Place N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/02403529a242560f63d67d2836a6ced3.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SZPg8G5xR1JMVcYAba%7EWAeY8URrAOfjkbgVFANHyB8EJfEQFwC5dKKlMITyOMI2PFCr8ankJtNfhZ3liDrTkk4R7UToxHbWXbm69k3xcb6%7EUfythfSxqLnFlOmBW7M1IunTSvnIbeZbDo6vkTbLHzMywX2TAAqHfIn2j3F83vPjqr1ketMHSH%7EdSXwXAay%7EFJw6SFBPEZT1fET8ucIxVu7LpXeMSQ6YJPTPKeZiEBeF7qXHpTvJ4ueJCfBZVVizEZP8nHWOS-zpgEvG4Ht9P72NF1OU6TugkemVBCr5Pdnmb9QZ1wTiTQmWX6F4MkTO7yUJeRZ2hIeQO%7En1SkmX4zg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e6cbf28aa35f9c080a2bfc3c932ffc5a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 008 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 700 block of 49th Place N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ddcd401dbd9017346c045ec6d0c5cb2b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=QWF0I1pMWoeXUzTdgWnCGroDMovzLJBvq7Ik9Zg33t3tVMRMEtSbgddnSnNgRA-h2B0jbSyWN7zF73lZ649cEvnEfp2WldUPzW8J%7En1yLJRfCGYy5rnFH7VqWbN6dqrNCTKvGqLmpadqVQULvXPHebTlt1xdO4uLyuduSBOM59OUTMeWrclHFuZsED5S8%7ERnwrBDCNbfLb2YHup1FhsaAsTCkx53-M7SugAv7SoxRlHxCjtjBUfVuzXJ1zAot1sTXRLBiNf-be9DAgEFK1NVxyPA21Mw67rBcfxzdDiGcAkkQLPXBmr7fEfpbRX9gTV4D6dIeT19bB99JO2bWOkZ6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3de7f15c3af34ad627c47d25451702a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 009 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 700 block of 50th Street N.E. at the intesection with Hayes street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/408e4e0c1ecf8709227e4a4706da782c.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=ojiKodngSsMRwQvQdmsPAgLv9M%7Eg8hIDSu8lFDxomE0w3fAaUcjY7lwkPxmCFnqljD3MRzzmKrXIHrWAc-2VBuyQm%7EWiOhQt0%7EGFGWdtPHu1bYrZWS7%7Ex0CvTatT1nv6n4RAHCErZVY%7EohDM4TGdI76n2S%7EYwmOKTQFpDhr926az%7EyCw1Usg3hGdIZA3TY-alDg6uR607jqw4-8NraiGdzDGKWDlMs2v1iuN23VEVMFNpVaKeHWNNV-%7EcfEcxVUqthFE-mxEK8BpxJZ5CSuv978Vpng2C2kvoMXmFyff0nfDvnkbPi-STNi8rnnMbsCbyEpwSztq25Ey1yJSSGjm5w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c0e87af40e61b626f54aa2f318070f34 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 010 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 1200 block of 49th Place N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/48e2eec54eecc7af5ed797db15822ef1.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=g2JpFGRPtASsW3TNoM%7EZt6ZEj1W1kXOhOPB9dM4UAO4yzz8bXYc7AK3QSqIhN89037TtLH3w6-dWnAK0zGLzg-5gnfSTRYdruG4qP4IqYUOHdzcEfC%7EHNJei6FXl1h1nM24x6LA0SACt1ou4ejAbqLSyUBq240afviLvNjz7e5Ke0GPNP1qaNFtnwQSWFv4UM9hoElr7zn140DMuIR5h4zYgC2FieczbbTsT7EGzOYWnCCAranHYiALXU5fgaLkxZMnPPyjoacDFPBOV9mw7vO-NoQIutpXGIZS4i-rGtlg8cdYAaEU3T8j10vQ5rBwLm4ULxqIdO40G36VhOkuoKg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e3481284bc66c65f1e4ac6b2402c7726 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 011 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D,C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 4100 block of Nash Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0c8123856495cd29100ae9e896c8e31b.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=EeV%7EfBl3SbDBfvePvbhYNH-V45caL16caUHBysVXb2pMFAYQL3IBhpVoBdEzO9mX1AGTbC7bV1A%7EFgH8bIsFSB1HvlNXS8NoJ7IL%7EB91rKeG-Xybp2c%7ElBBI4gfmJDYHlaArfsaSub%7EwqS7Abqpnk6H3NgmlFACTbi8JFfYuWE0wP8Dt-CpoBpbB7XjTjvXBNcWih9Fw0q5jhUQ9HfVWvylhiPHlr83Vt5JOL7HcydxTpPzJVtoUE65X7WB%7EA2%7Ek%7E-0kxxCH57XhNdJaJWKFKM1pbF33nzxMwPq6ujjsFuqwsJBX7x6NXg31BF-2Ep0MoRHC9lOlbtqPX0-ryKQsgQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f0c9c1e24a086ce06ae3a6aa0c207caa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 012 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 4900 block of Nash Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/844c8771ce19d5b3f640810057301628.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Hv7rJOaZt%7EkUtL5qLF-s16bxgMsRMT7lyaZiUBiGl5BmfbLja5V8VjV11VFV416zo8Li6dTjfvMePoA5lFueZwBxFRstEDH-b39bgxzmoX57iKTU1tAwBrdaBYeuhX54cjuNO39-J25hdmuCgz2MEJ%7EmOTCtRgHNdB63ecwdGuOAdubbm7Ch37GNPNmEVeRQhYESTp7r6X-sgLiRTtoTXL04bdeOsTALBCk5p55YsEhiMpxicNm-NS7OX5onIxdxJptrcjcklUvLgCSOKlrx-7iEbUD5RYlO0FJqV558l5kWSTlozeNhuSf2wpxefsQRDFoGgY8uNQi-tF9V1Apf5A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fb65b26ae6498367dd4e7d1dbc4098b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 013 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 100 block of 51st Street N.E. at the intersection with Lee Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/dbb8cb459e4de00b0bb9667f24499033.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=QE8LHZRKqUVv7zSlI68OrtypK%7EYq%7ESIgqHt4h36yLOLDxThm-VTzJO-lQkue%7EF%7EoJvBwG8cd5H5cr16k60lWPz%7E%7Ea77gQO7%7Evk1yAHLMOTM2G3yVGLAgoMD%7EzuHG5PTAilyz0Mc0-ZKqHztmRLv8wF8UGoDM0F-3D9N3GA7LVhRIbgT7hqXLxcJfDyF-xvPK5xgZeecXIkVAhEacKyIuXow1exh3xEn7X2k0JxrGoWE9l%7EMkTf7YkyMVQShBqhAkNH0UGQUXXXx1meLufb-8AOuevEJ9LJgr3BZRIdpSa5lVbbttKo9-3mAKwZtUC4omoLJnxoIqlJRGKcPbFmRC3g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 96fc8f8b09ae58678e8ef3995291323b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 014 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Housing Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource 700 block of Eastern Avenue N.E. at the intersection with Grant Street N.E. (now Nannie Helen Burroughs Avenue) in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 31, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a6d07ec3594cd4082de8895b9d69d017.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=u34SIZomAM3-%7El9dYJyjFneB1Qz3sOSfL1-J5pxs%7EAIuPZCLBjldbZrjqvdzyeiE6KBFUVhlUflLqmwpbzPEUrKICT6XOAmDid3AceOct4ggaucyN2Ah04UeaeUCy9VBErP6bOsLvVp8YAlz-SiWu48adoVCIvii7naPkFJYgTyTwWAe7zcDCc0NBhmEOPj4roK%7Evpgb%7E64yvDDQE9ygR0v0K6LCnpsUKOhWIwNm-CVqZIyj6SaBGR80jko5pd%7EXvIna98Z0mVelociAJyr4V4yI-hFcY92PkDsyQKhDLB6IkhdCMeglHByJWrotNmgmYVqXS2lLZu5YPyxSc9QjCw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 39f0aeb14efbbbd235c77298b7ce6edb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood 015 Subject The topic of the resource Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Taxicabs Description An account of the resource 600 block of 50th Street N.E. in the Deanwood neighborhood. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 25, 1963 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Neighborhoods Subject The topic of the resource Streets Streetscapes (Urban design) Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Neighborhoods of Washington, DC past and present, including Dupont Circle, Anacostia, Foggy Bottom, Georgetown, and more. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deanwood Subject The topic of the resource Streetscapes (Urban design) Deanwood (Washington, D.C.) Streets Neighborhoods Description An account of the resource Photographs of various streets in the Deanwood neighborhood. The Deanwood neighborhood is a historically African American neighborhood that was the home of women's and civil rights activist, teacher, and speaker Nannie Helen Burroughs and musician Marvin Gaye. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Deanwood Housing Neighborhoods Northeast Residential Streets Streets Streetscapes