1 10 2 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/322c228dc66b462a41d3bf29a6e5beaf.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=MFH5UNlNnozLTy-XTXBjlll4hZYLM2UPeQbqA1V-Xao1RmS5ANCMVtxBkWf3jvcao94x8HoxgWSShBAYtE-zkRdTnbAeHP-4j9bzOxN9AHNwC9UerehXpzwPLQ9OA%7Eqv%7E9xXspF0x8oCTwzlUhTa60Hil9LGjVRgsXnQuest2YEdVLDAYm4TReOgf0u3rbHfiiM-Te1T0jssKKxYxVTtl3%7EHHj9a%7EcG0bYPAZRhsJHpMHXkQkaqaMHyFNXzrksshLm7CiEmQzfhriqrOow1aKUw4xRZ0K-YbV-9AV4mo3Ww%7EgTMvDcKxWWzsW2m2QBWUtGPOURAvpJ%7EGqswM05IdHg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 90d897808fbc8b988a48753c269eb601 PDF Text Text FEASIBILITY STUDY for the H S T R E E T PASSAGEWAY EXTENSION UNION STATION WASHINGTON DC Prepared B y : Kara Charuhas Chapman & Twotiey Architecture • Urban Design • Planning 1150 Seventeenth Street, N W Suite 103 Washington, D C 20036 202 659-5600 APRIL 1 9 8 8 • �TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. EXISTING AND PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5. RIGHT OF WAY 6. CONSTRUCTION METHODS 7. OUTLINE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE 8. COST ANALYSIS L I S T OF ILLUSTRATIONS A. VICINITY PLAN B. PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS 1. 2. EXISTING METRO ENTRANCE FROM FIRST STREET 3. VIEW NORTH ON F I R S T STREET TOWARD UNION CENTER PLAZA 4. ENCLOSED H STREET UNDERPASS VIEWED FROM FIRST STREET, N.E. 5. EXISTING PASSAGEWAY, VIEW NORTH 6. EXISTING PASSAGEWAY, VIEW SOUTH 7. VIEW SOUTH AT TRACK LEVEL ABOVE EXISTING PASSAGEWAY 8. C. PASSAGEWAY PORTAL VIEW NORTH AT TRACK LEVEL ABOVE PROPOSED PASSAGEWAY EXTENSION TO H STREET DRAWINGS 1. PLAN AND PROFILE 2. S I T E PLAN 3. FIRST STREET ENTRANCE VIEW �1 INTRODUCTION This study has been undertaken by r e q u e s t of d e v e l o p e r s of p r o p e r t i e s i n Street N E. to evaluate a c c e s s between Metro within walking connection Union distance of the two the existing Charuhas the Chapman vicinity of H Street and existing Northwest and The and enclosed H Street u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e s e would create Underpass facilities a secure and proposed plan is underutilized public incomplete M°tro passageway t o H S t r e e t belonging to WMATA. and & Twohey at the First f e a s i b i l i t y of a p l a n f o r improving p e d e s t r i a n Station to Karn in development based upon facilities and the - with some new The construction weather p r o t e c t e d Metro e n t r a n c e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 600 c l o s e r t o the proposed development at t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of F i r s t the abandoned belonging t o the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. combination the and H feet Street, N.E. It is the purpose of t h i s r e p o r t t o a s s e s s the f e a s i b i l i t y of completing this passageway to a c h i e v e the f o l l o w i n g o b j e c t i v e s : 1 Provide d i r e c t r a i l t r a n s i t a c c e s s t o the developing H S t r e e t 2 P r o v i d e a c c e s s t o food entertainment and other amenities corridor of the S t a t i o n f o r the o f f i c e workers w i t h i n the c o r r i d o r . 3. P r o v i d e new t r a n s i t r i d e r s f o r the Metro and commuter r a i l operations. Union ��2 In HISTORY the early n e a r l y 600 was 70's constructed initial Convention several part beneath for the of Metro at Union S t a t i o n , District n o r t h of H S t r e e t . The and north station alternative, the and l i n k e d to of new the Columbia. and Street Street, One planning has of strong a l t e r n a t i v e site under for the immediately design at that passageway were to extend Metro a c c e s s t o Center and passageway. n o r t h mezzanine and In a the time, t h e r e were a i r r i g h t s over the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s Convention H H a parts. early At the associated General P l a n s , F i n a l Design, and the toward Never completed, the s t r u c t u r e H S t r e e t overpass s t r u c t u r e was new WMATA a be mezzanine serving development. to north o n l y f o r the s t o r a g e of e s c a l a t o r a l t e r n a t i v e s i t e s in contention. was the complex. concept of the passageway was Center viaduct the r a i l functions Center Convention time, of the c o n s t r u c t i o n f o o t long p e d e s t r i a n passageway s t r e t c h i n g been c l o s e d o f f and The as air construction proceeded on order to rights support this the a s s o c i a t e d passageway l i n k i n g the H S t r e e t s i t e v i a a speedwalk connection were added t o the p l a n n i n g of the Union S t a t i o n Metro s t r u c t u r e . After several Convention years Center passageway. was The 24 construction, dropped unfinished plywood b a r r i e r was passageway of placed feet in width the and of the H t r a c k s between F i r s t and the new parking Street north Second Streets. r o l l i n g doors at each for the of the Today, the and 552 a foot 12 f e e t i n h e i g h t , r e a c h e s n o r t h w i t h i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia overpass 90 completed the s t r u c t u r e b r i d g i n g the Union S t a t i o n to provide behind Union S t a t i o n . As abandoned Access t o t h i s space i s now end. construction mezzanine. old H S t r e e t Underpass beneath the t r a c k s was and ceased alternative bulkheaded at i t s n o r t h e r n end Second S t r e e t s , N.E. structure Street destination S i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h Metro c o n s t r u c t i o n , construction H Metro s t r u c t u r e was in f e e t of i t s o r i g i n a l H S t r e e t and the vehicular access to a p a r t of t h i s work, the and sealed at First o n l y a v a i l a b l e through locked �3 EXISTING AND PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT Today, two important new developments have neglect, retail, the Fi^st, after years of H i s t o r i c Union S t a t i o n Complex has been r e s t o r e d , and a major new food, station. occurred. The and entertainment 200 000 complex i s nearing completion with the SF development i s scheduled t o open i n September R a i l s e r v i c e , long a back room f u n c t i o n , i s being relocated and 1988. improved as p r i m a r y use of t h e s t a t i o n . Secondly, as the maximum the land along t h e H renewed and interest. The development First Union of t h e downtown a r e a i s being reached, Street corridors Center will total over become the focus of P l a z a development i s w e l l underway w i t h i t s f i r s t phase of 240 000 SF completed and which has the design of 1 400,000 SF of new o f f i c e space. subsequent Additional phases projects being planned as f o l l o w s : o Cafritz Project: 800 000 SF o Union Center P l a z a , Second Stage: o C o u n c i l of Governments Headquarters: o N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n of S o c i a l Workers: W i t h i n t h e n e x t f i v e t o t e n y e a r s , an million square 600 000 SF 550,000 SF 200,000 SF increase in total development f e e t can be a n t i c i p a t e d due t o t h e s e p r o j e c t s . up and 230 SF/person t h i s would equate t o an o f f i c e p o p u l a t i o n this number, at of 3 5 Using 95% l e a s e of 14,400 Of l e a s t 5,000 can be assumed ot use t h e Union S t a t i o n Metro f o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p r i m a r i l y d u r i n g peak hours f o r a t l e a s t two t r i p s per day. With continued development c o n t i n u e t o r i s e and opportunity to the enhance of this unfinished transit corridor, H service Street to the office Passageway this population could corridor, provide linking r e t a i l , food, and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n t o a major mixed use development. will an office, �4. The PROJECT DESCRIPTION e x i s t i n g H S t r e e t Passageway can be e n t e r e d through a p o r t a l Mezzanine of Metro's Union Station. e n c l o s u r e (Photograph B - l ) . The Amtrak concourse of (Photograph B-2). signed. Union This and an the street, it is provides entrance The F i r s t S t r e e t e n t r a n c e i s From at small, e x i s t i n g pedestrian poorly The east defined. path between difficult Sidewalks the s t r e e t i s i n poor shape, and side of the street Station retaining walls. 600-700 feet, (Photograph B-4 F i r s t Street The on to escalators and and the access the F i r s t Street, N.E. and locate is and proposed development e a s t s i d e a r e too narrow or always be i n a c t i v e due Drawing C-3) of the presents existing an B-3). The t o the m a s s i v e Union passageway attractive is non-existant. S i n c e the w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e from Metro t o H completion virtually louvers. l i g h t i n g i s inadequate (Photograph will poorly to Street H alternative is Street to the route. existing Westinghouse the Metro North to unlit, i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e from a d j a c e n t s e r v i c e doors and mechanical The the p o r t a l p r e s e n t l y has a temporary North Mezzanine a l s o Station at passageway Corporation and (Photographs B-5 and for and maintenance elevators. storage An alternative B-6) location i s p r e s e n t l y used by relating is required to the WMATA for their relocation. To make the passageway s a f e and would be a t t r a c t i v e to public use, the following work required: 1. D e m o l i t i o n of s u r f a c e mounted e l e c t r i c a l 2. General c l e a n i n g 3. Installation of and a and s a f e t y equipment. s t a i n removal on exposed c o n c r e t e s u r f a c e s . new f l u o r e s c e n t l i g h t i n g system between the beams i n the c e i l i n g as o r i g i n a l l y designed. �PROJECT DESCRIPTION Page Two 4. Infill of the machinery p i t a t the south end of the passageway. 5. I n s t a l l a t i o n of a c o n c r e t e f l o o r topping (Alternate 1) or a Metro paver t i l e f l o o r f i n i s h ( A l t e r n a t e 2 ) . 6. 7. The I n s t a l l a t i o n of s e c u r i t y doors or g r i l l e s I n s t a l l a t i o n of s e c u r i t y cameras. existing passageway south of H S t r e e t . area to H The f i n a l to terminating in a C-2). the ornamental This section requires and masonry tunnel. through p o r t a l through the r u s t i c a t e d the extended approximately construction wall enclosing T h i s p o r t a l w i l l be c o n s t r u c t e d lighting this limestone passageway of of a 92' west underpass second portal t h e H S t r e e t Underpass a t rusticated limestone, with and g r a p h i c s t o r e l a t e t o the c h a r a c t e r of the surrounding w a l l s and Union S t a t i o n (Drawing C - 3 ) . the extended w i t h i n the e x i s t i n g space of t h e abandoned H S t r e e t concrete F i r s t Street. be 90' (Drawing C - l ) . Street (Drawing of a c o n c r e t e bulkhead a p p r o x i m a t e l y p o r t i o n of the passageway would be First through in The c o n c r e t e box s t r u c t u r e must Street retaining wall terminates at entrances. will Within H S t r e e t , a be The f i n i s h e s identical metal panel to those ceiling proposed c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s t a n d a r d Metro f i n i s h e s . within proposed with the for recessed new portions the e x i s t i n g lighting is �PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS METRO F A C I L I T I E S �PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS FIRST STREET, N.E. �r PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS INTERIOR OF PASSAGEWAY �PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS AMTRAK TRACK LEVEL ABOVE PASSAGEWAY �5. RIGHT OF WAY P r o p e r t y i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e s i t e i s under t h e j u r i s d i c t i o n a number of p a r t i e s . and c o n t r o l A s u r v e y and v a l i d a t i o n of t h e v a r i o u s titles, and temporary and permanent easements i s beyond the scope o f t h i s b a s i c d i v i s i o n of c o n t r o l 1 The District of leases, study. The i s as f o l l o w s : o f Columbia controls ROW for First Street, H Street Underpass, and H S t r e e t Overpass. 2. WMATA has a combination o f permanent which contain surface WMATA underground a l l Metro f a c i l i t i e s i n c l u d i n g l i n e s t r u c t u r e s , and t h e passageway easements go through S t r e e t and F i r s t S t r e e t . DC right and s u r f a c e easements t h e S t a t i o n , underground and right of way t o H Street. o f way a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of H The Westinghouse C o r p o r a t i o n under contract to WMATA c u r r e n t l y occupies t h e e x i s t i n g passageway. 3. Amtrak controls the exterior track level a r e a n o r t h o f Union S t a t i o n a t approximate e l e v a t i o n +54 (Photographs B-7 and B - 8 ) . between 4 Amtrak a l s o c u r r e n t l y runs uses the H Street Underpass vehicle storage. The development corporation rehabilitating S t a t i o n , the parking s t r u c t u r e , Amtrak t r a c k l e v e l . Implementation o f t h e passageway involvement regarding s a f e t y and l i a b i l i t y , provisions and roadways Union S t a t i o n c o n t r o l s permitting access Union to the Amtrak i s a p a r t y t o t h e development c o r p o r a t i o n . cooperation of a l l four p a r t i e s . most property t h e H S t r e e t Underpass and Overpass, and extends over p o r t i o n s o f Metro r i g h t of way. for This extension However, construction coordination to F i r s t Street w i l l Amtrak methods, of construction f o r permanent o p e r a t i o n and maintenance. require the and WMATA would access to right operations, have t h e of way, d e s i g n , and �CHECKIO COO }IEADOTJARTERS ¡;ar ttirtl Ë Þxttrfll¡e FtfüT ôlxtÉT MÉfXA UMON CENTER PLAZA H AP?IOVED tlittr ovli'Atl EHTßAI¡C,I' Í{tour{o liAcx ct tÎAÎf,tN T,lltION STATION ot TBot ltD li^cK -ro lxtlxt EXIIAUOT FAH coùü¡l. ô A ¿noÎ t4¡ø{t¡i? 1D W Ãu.CV A t'.tf ËxtôÎ rlA¿Hil{Ë t 10 Vê ltwêv 3 + r j $r r Ê d Ê ü) É f¡ Extrrao n lll ít r p ,É s F r )1 É o tl r*w coätirctþt{ KEY PLAN PAFXilO +l trtt CÌttE AICwE H f<&K tÅe',&Î r, Þ.&, Rez^,ú'¿,..ÀftorJ lttEEl ov!iP^!8 a,.w. Tô Þ+ + (fl s + t s N È €¡t-o?? W\tlt¿e PROFLE SECTTOI{ A-d l,6tl L È ø..1 +.b,h Ë x trrtÊt t¡þcp^ü liffiffiiffi METRO PEDESTRIAN ACCESS FEASIBILITY STUDY H STREËT PASSAGEWAY EXTENSION PI-AN SCALE t' -- 10' OR WNG DAIT APñIL Prq€cf A¡Ð PROFLE tOIt c-1 �e ô o DI^IVN o{cxtD At?totED ß,BIôHE D€scirTroN r{o IY DATE ø o ø o : H EÎRECT Oì,TRPAIE A¡CIIIE LñTON CENTER NJTZT FNET TTREET TlE !xliAicl ,/,/ ,/ ,/ a w^tt rrntnc t.AaOliY ill^tillro wALl + tn'CXCAVATED ta rn{ExcAvATED a a \ \ t Archhctæ . Urö$ Dqttñ ' Plã*{ l2ll Cffitkut ¡icre, ¡¡w rârsrqn, DC fm!6 g¡iic ¡01 2021É74222 o a û a c a \ I/IETRO PEDESTRIAN ACCEgS FEASIBILÍTY S]'I'!DY H STREET PASSAGEWAY EXTÉNSION ta.ta' ÉxMNO t lrll¡t t \ MAclllllE I + xrãr Cl[ña|rr Ch.'ñ.n OLD H STREET ROIV PioPo!rD troiAac lff .41.t¡t' oi ?Ail(lLo ual TUNNEL EXTENSIOX SITE PTAN UNEXCAVATED sc^t¡ trtc':'r'-o' DATE ^tnÍ_ ?lqcgf t¡!r Di wlr{G SH€81 ç-2 �+ Di^wl{ C}ËCK¡D At?tovEo itYts¡ot{s r.¡o + IY DAIT W i,l€TRO PEDESTRIAN ACCESS FEASIBLTY SruDY H STREET PASSAGEWAY EXTENSION FFST STNEET ENTRAITCE VEW sc l¡ DAIE oi^Wtl\tc A?it raa¡ PiqEcf 9{E€1 c-3 + �6. CONSTRUCTION METHODS The primary element of c o n s t r u c t i o n i n t h i s p r o j e c t i s t h e 90 extension t o t h e H S t r e e t Underpass. foot T h i s procedure r e p r e s e n t s two t h i r d s o f t h e e s t i m a t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n cost. Two methods passageway approximately of c o n s t r u c t i n g the e x t e n s i o n were i n v e s t i g a t e d : A. TUNNELING FROM H STREET UNDERPASS The overall width o f t h e box s t r u c t u r e s t r u c t u r e i s approximately existing Metro structures techniques, the s o i l expected t o be under feet below grade. drifts a Since the c o n s t r u c t e d u s i n g l a i d back c o n s t r u c t i o n extension can be b a c k f i l l w i t h minimal adhesion c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . tunneling i n narrow accomplished were The top of t h e 1 i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e passageway granular The e x c a v a t i o n using performed ten t o twelve i s 27 -6". shield techniques would approximately of 7 interlocking require feet that wide. steel work be Work would be shapes driven as horizontal p i l e s . Shoring would be r e q u i r e d on a g r i d approximately 8 I n s t a l l a t i o n of s t e e l r e i n f o r c i n g , formwork and c o n c r e t e feet square. placement would take p l a c e w i t h t h e s h o r i n g i n p l a c e . then be removed and t h e holes d i f f i c u l t , i f not i m p o s s i b l e . required patched. Substantial finish waterproofing treatment t o make t h e i n t e r i o r s o f t h e passageway match. t u n n e l i n g i s minimum d i s r u p t i o n of Amtrak. not Roof The s h o r i n g estimated, but a r e assumed the q u a l i t y o f c o n s t r u c t i o n . Costs f o r t h i s 6 to would would be would be The advantage o f procedure were t o be 40-50% h i g h e r w i t h a r e d u c t i o n i n �CONSTRUCTION METHODS Page Two B. CUT AND COVER CONSTRUCTION FROM H STREET Using c u t and cover c o n s t r u c t i o n d i s r u p t i o n t o Amtrak could by S t r e e t Underpass and performing a l l excavation working south t o t h e bulkhead. the work area The C o n t r a c t o r two-three would weeks granular fill construction i n the H Amtrak f a c i l i t i e s require would r e q u i r e starting either access sitting be minimized over and temporary or permanent r e l o c a t i o n . to the track level initially for t o c u t and break t h e s l a b , s e t p i l e s , and s t a b i l i z e t h e adjacent could be to the performed excavation. from Excavation t h e north end. At and and repave t h e work area. p l a c e d over t h e passageway e x t e n s i o n should this project. reduced be complexity Amtrak significantly The p r i m a r y s a v i n g s and r i s k , a less a r e due shorter facilities, to could then be the q u a l i t y of waterproofing c u t and cover e x p e n s i v e than t u n n e l i n g f o r t o reduced construction e l i m i n a t i o n of s h e e t i n g and s h o r i n g f o r t h e r o o f mentioned, facilities level as r e q u i r e d . Even i n c l u d i n g t h e c o s t o f r e l o c a t i n g construction Amtrak box t h e end of c o n s t r u c t i o n t h e c o n t r a c t o r would again r e q u i r e a c c e s s a t t r a c k backfill near support. labor required, period, As and t h e previously and f i n i s h f o r c u t and cover w i l l be s u p e r i o r t o t u n n e l i n g . Following i s a detailed o u t l i n e of construction cover c o n s t r u c t i o n from H S t r e e t . sequence based upon c u t and �7. OUTLINE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE The following sequence c o n s t r u c t i o n methods regarding o f c o n s t r u c t i o n i s based upon t h e use o f c u t and cover with construction special near Relocate Amtrak track anticipating WMATA t h e i r r i g h t o f way, and Amtrak concerns construction within their track 1. requirements concerns regarding level. level refrigeration building and miscellaneous s t o r a g e t o new temporary or permanent l o c a t i o n . 2. Obtain a c c e s s t o H S t r e e t Underpass and s u r f a c e track construction easement at level. 3. Cut and break s l a b above a r e a o f tunnel e x t e n s i o n . 4. Place H piles i n d r i l l e d holes approximately p e r i m e t e r o f tunnel e x t e n s i o n . fill Alternate: and grout or consolidate existing m a t e r i a l behind p i l e s . a. Drill s i x f e e t on c e n t e r o u t s i d e Place sheet piling instead of piles using v i b r a t o r y methods. 5. Fence o f f work a r e a a t Amtrak t r a c k level after demobilization i n that area. 6. Erect structure to temporarily support H S t r e e t underpass s t r u c t u r e a t f a c e o f new tunnel e x t e n s i o n p o r t a l . 7. Remove l i m e s t o n e block r e t a i n i n g w a l l t o Salvage 8. Excavate Use roof slab i n area of portal. stone. and lag starting a t H S t r e e t Underpass working north t o south. underpass as work and s t o r a g e a r e a . �OUTLINE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Page Two 9. Remove p r e c a s t c o n c r e t e bulkhead from e x i s t i n g t u n n e l . 10. Install 11 P l a c e i n v e r t w a t e r p r o o f i n g , mud s l a b , r e i n f o r c i n g , and c o n c r e t e . 12. Install drainage l i n e s and base. waterproofing (bentonite panel, or membrane) against lagging. Provide waterstops at j o i n t s . 13 Install 14. w a l l r e i n f o r c i n g , formwork, and p l a c e c o n c r e t e . Install roof concrete. 15. Remobilize formwork, reinforcing electrical S t r i p formwork. conduit and place I n s t a l l membrane w a t e r p r o o f i n g . t o Amtrak track level. Backfill e x c a v a t i o n and c o n s t r u c t new s l a b , and r e s t o r e s u r f a c e . 16. Restore temporarily relocated r e f r i g e r a t i o n building and Amtrak storage as r e q u i r e d , and d e m o b i l i z e . 17. Open new p o r t a l through H S t r e e t c l o s u r e w a l l a t F i r s t 18. Reconstruct both portals using Street. r e i n f o r c e d c o n c r e t e w i t h l i m e s t o n e block veneer. 19. Fill equipment p i t s i n e x i s t i n g t u n n e l . 20. Construct concrete wall foundation within H Street masonry w a l 1 . Right of Way. and floor Construct slab i n tunnel precast concrete enclosure or f a c e d �OUTLINE OF CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE Page Three 21. Perform minor d e m o l i t i o n w i t h i n e x i s t i n g t u n n e l . 22. Clean l i m e s t o n e masonry and e x i s t i n g t u n n e l . 23 Construct new electrical work in ceilings and F i r s t S t r e e t p o r t a l f o r lighting. 24. Construction f i n i s h e s including: a. Floor f i n i s h : c o n c r e t e topping; or paver tile. b. Suspended a c o u s t i c c e i l i n g i n H S t r e e t R i g h t o f Way. c. Two new r o l l i n g g r i l l e s a t Metro and F i r s t S t r e e t e n t r a n c e s . 25. I n s t a l l CCTV camera. 26. I n s t a l l signage and g r a p h i c s . 27. Demobilize. �8. COST ANALYSIS Order of magnitude c o s t e s t i m a t e s based on the estimated cut using alternative and a cover method of alternative tile). The a range i n the s u b t o t a l s and profit. performed minimum (paver Construction were costs for on the passageway construction. (concrete project The f l o o r f i n i s h topping) and a was Metro c o s t v a r i a t i o n i n a l t e r n a t i v e s i s expressed as totals. each item include material, Design c o n t i n g e n c y i s handled s e p a r a t e l y labor, using a overhead, figure of and 20% to accommodate f o r unforeseen work a t the f e a s i b i l i t y s t a g e . Since all right of way appears to be controlled j u r i s d i c t i o n s , or the t r a n s i t a u t h o r i t y , r i g h t of not been are acquisition costs local have estimated. Burdens way under f e d e r a l and defined as administrative c o n s t r u c t i o n of a p r o j e c t . design, administration, Included are construction costs such factor is consistent with items to design and management, inspection, insurance, etc. A f a c t o r of cover estimating as the project 30% of the c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s i s assumed to This related the practices cost of of the WMATA burdens. and local jurisdictions. All costs are estimated i n current ( A p r i l t o the e s t i m a t e d mid regarding the p o i n t of source i n t e r e s t e d p u b l i c and of construction. funding private parties. and 1988) No possible d o l l a r s and must be assumptions sharing have of escalated been costs made between �SUMMARY COST ANALYSIS ITEM A. B. C. D. E. F. TUNNEL EXTENSION 1. R e l o c a t e Amtrak F a c i l i t i e s 2. Extend Box S t r u c t u r e 3. New P o r t a l Through Masonry R e t a i n i n g Wall H. I. UNIT PRICE EXTENDED 1 LS 92 LF 50,000 11,000 1 LS 60,000 60,000 ENCLOSURE OF PASSAGEWAY WITHIN H STREET ROW 4. Passageway S l a b & Wall 110 LF 300 5. New P o r t a l a t F i r s t S t . 1 LS 30,000 ALT. 50,000 1,012,000 33,000 30,000 MODIFICATIONS TO EXISTING BOX STRUCTURE 6. F i l l Equipment P i t South End 7. L i g h t Demolition 675 SF 1 LS 10 5,000 6,750 5,000 2 36,600 8 6,000 10 5,000 12,000 26,000 5,000 18,300 SF 2 EA 3.50 2,000 64,050 4,000 4 EA 2,000 8,000 1 LS 5,000 5,000 FINISHES 8. Concrete Topping F l o o r (Min. T r e a t m e n t ) V a r y i n g T h i c k n e s s ( 1 - 4 " ) 18,300 SF 9. Paver T i l e on S e t t i n g Bed (Metro) 18,300 SF 10. R o l l i n g G r i l l e s 2 EA 11. Acoustical Ceiling 2,600 SF 12. S e c u r i t y Booth 1 LS ELECTRICAL 13. L i g h t i n g and Power 14. P o r t a l L i g h t i n g 15. CCTV Cameras (Weatherproof) MISCELLANEOUS 16. G r a p h i c s SUBTOTAL G. QUANTITY 146,400 1,357,400 1,467 200 67,870 73,360 DESIGN CONTINGENCY AT F E A S I B I L I T Y STAGE 20% SUBTOTAL 271,480 293,440 BURDEN 30% SUBTOTAL 407,220 440,160 2,103,970 2,274,160 GENERAL CONDITIONS 5% SUBTOTAL TOTAL. ESTIMATED PROJECT COSTS �D D r- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Feasibility study for the H Street passageway extension : Union Station, Washington, D.C. Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) H Street (Washington, D.C.) Urban renewal Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Karn, Charuhas, Chapman, & Twohey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 1988 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/460e22b9c6b31bba5eed6e2af44676e4.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=V8uoekr1NoO4aAMw%7EUED7kaAEArD3KA7jdBwDbwMaYL8ourizjIfjm78hGJ7WngBdd8R4Go6CbRNc2vNuKtTWg1j%7EsOXXrg6W5WHAFLdMeYLlDwJs3Ah5AFYcDJuFCn%7EGaErlH2aGVUSjIVMS1leJwmSYy0OtMIjRPEd8YU2QSjH3kRkp93mZvN0b87KWW8hePGIfd9FnCp3IdLXwZeP-ypmcDbRlI9FXiYzlI257bqel4tYiZTjNog2gAMEMt4qIdNlInHQuqyoYy2X9yvJjV36iGVRzF4jYEr1GxAo1FTRL65N06zBrfYRnlcOcpo%7EEnAD%7EqWwXeNS05Auol59wg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7c85e73377c5eaa231bedb4943f4907d PDF Text Text Washington Union Station Special Study for the FRATask Force on Union Station NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT September 1977 Federal Railroad Administration Department of Transportation DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons 1201 Connecticut Avenue N.W Washington, D C . 20036 �r �Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Summary o f Conclusions B. Recommended P l a n s C. Cost Summary and Schedule D. Comparisons E. D e s c r i p t i o n o f the F u l l Report I II III IV 1 6 9 15 23 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS A. Background B. B a s i s f o r Reassessment C. Design Parameters Assumed D. Patronage, Program, and T r a f f i c Data E. Cost and Scheduling Assumptions 24 25 26 28 41 PARKING STRUCTURE AND BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE A. A i r - R i g h t s S t r u c t u r e B. I n f r a s t r u c t u r e : O r i g i n a l S t a t i o n 43 44 NECIP ALTERNATIVES A. B u i l d i n g P l a n A l t e r n a t i v e s B. S i t e Access A l t e r n a t i v e s C. Environmental C o n s i d e r a t i o n s 60 72 74 SUMMARY A. E s t i m a t e d Costs B. Implementation Schedule C. Environmental C o n s i d e r a t i o n s 91 93 94 �List of Exhibits E x i s t i n g S i t e Plan 2 E x i s t i n g S i t e Section 3 Recommended P l a n A l t e r n a t i v e 7 Recommended S i t e *ccess 8 S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Basement 47 S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Ground L e v e l 49 S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Mezzanine 52 Ground L e v e l E x i s t i n g Conditions 59 Alternative 1 61 Alternative 2 63 Alternative 3 65 Alternative 4 67 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A - 19 82 Peak Hour Volumes 78 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A - 1990 Peak Hour Volumes 79 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A - 19 82 Bus Routings 80 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A - 19 82 and 19 90 Peak Hour Bus Volumes 81 , C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B - 19 82 Peak Hour Volumes 82 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B - 1990 Peak Hour Volumes 83 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B - 19 82 Bus Routings 84 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B - 19 82 and 1990 Peak Hour Bus Volumes 85 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C - 19 82 Peak Hour Volumes 86 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C - 19 90 Peak Hour Volumes 87 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C - 19 82 Bus Routings 88 C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C - 19 82 and 1990 Peak Hour Bus Volumes 89 �EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS T h i s r e p o r t documents a s p e c i a l study prepared f o r the F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d Administrat i o n ' s Task Force on Union S t a t i o n , Washington, D.C. I t o u t l i n e s the design and cost i m p l i c a t i o n s of the p o t e n t i a l involvement of the Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n completing the c u r r e n t l y u n f i n i s h e d c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s a t the s t a t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n , i t a s s e s s e s the r e l a t i o n s h i p of these p r o j e c t s to the work proposed under the Northeast C o r r i d o r Improvement P r o j e c t and a l s o i d e n t i f i e s the extent of improvements needed to remedy s t r u c t u r a l , mechanical, and e l e c t r i c a l problems w i t h i n the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n . The conclusions of the study center around four major p r o j e c t s t h a t are i d e n t i f i e d i n the E x i s t i n g S i t e Plan and the E x i s t i n g S i t e Section on the f o l l o w i n g pages. These conc l u s i o n s are as f o l l o w s : (1) The A i r Rights Parking S t r u c t u r e : Given the s i z e a b l e investment of funds to date and the demonstrated demand, even a t present, f o r v i s i t o r and i n t e r c i t y r a i l parking a t Union S t a t i o n , i t i s recommended t h a t the 1,200 car parking s t r u c t u r e be completed. I n a d d i t i o n , w i t h m o d i f i c a t i o n s proposed herein., i t s c a p a c i t y and u s e a b i l i t y can be increased by approximately 200 spaces at no addit i o n a l cost over t h a t r e q u i r e d to comp l e t e i t as o r i g i n a l l y designed. Furthermore, to assure t h a t no f u r t h e r deteri o r a t i o n occurs i n the s t r u c t u r e before c o n s t r u c t i o n i s resumed, i t i s recommended t h a t c e r t a i n "make-safe" improvements be implemented as soon as p o s s i b l e . An immediate i n v e s t i g a t i o n w i l l be r e quired to define the p r e c i s e extent of the necessary improvements. (2) Union S t a t i o n I n f r a s t r u c t u r e : T h i s study has i d e n t i f i e d numerous improvements r e q u i r e d to the s t r u c t u r a l , mecha n i c a l , and e l e c t r i c a l i n f r a s t r u c t u r e of the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n . These problems have a r i s e n due not only to the age of t 1 ��Existing Site Section Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Wbshtxiton - Union Station DelEUWCAIHER/PARSONS VWRHWRJIUII 8kkfenors.Ow(ngiaMofTM/AncNlects >m:)ian m « W �the s t a t i o n but a l s o to the i n t r u s i o n of water and the l i m i t e d maintenance t h a t has c n a r a c t e r i z e d many years of the s t a t i o n ' s l i f e . Regardless of the a l t e r n a t i v e plan or use f o r t h i s b u i l d ing i n the f u t u r e , the f o l l o w i n g must be undertaken a t the e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e date: a) r e p a i r s to the e x i s t i n g s t e e l framework, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h a t of the north Concourse w a l l , the Concourse f l o o r , and t h t f l o o r of the through t r a c k s ; i n the absence of such r e p a i r s , major s t r u c t u r e f a i l u r e s may r e s u l t ; b) i n s t a l l a t i o n of a system of f i r e p r o t e c t i o n to the upper f l o o r s of the s t a t i o n , to r e p l a c e the c u r r e n t l y i n o p e r a t i v e standpipe system; and c) i n s t a l l a t i o n of f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i n the form of s p r i n k l e r s i n the s t a t i o n basement. S e v e r a l a d d i t i o n a l r e p a i r s a l s o w i l l be r e q u i r e d r e g a r d l e s s of the b u i l d i n g ' s f u t u r e use; these i n c l u d e modernization of the e l e c t r i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n system and i t s branch c i r c u i t s , r e r o o f i n g of the s t a t i o n w i t h new roof drainage, and f u r t h e r s t r u c t u r a l r e p a i r work. (3) The Southeast Ramp: The s i t e access requirements of the Union S t a t i o n comp l e x , as a mixed-use t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and v i s i t o r f a c i l i t y , make mandatory the a d d i t i o n of o n - s i t e c i r c u l a t i o n routes which, by p r o v i d i n g i n t e r n a l connections between Columbus P l a z a and H S t r e e t , r e l i e v e the congestion i n Columbus P l a z a and pressures on l o c a l c i t y i n t e r s e c t i o n s and provide more d i r e c t access to s h o r t and long-term p a r k i n g . I t i s recommended t h a t the Southwest Ramp not be comp l e t e d but be replaced by an E a s t Roadway l i n k i n g H S t r e e t d i r e c t l y w i t h Columbus P l a z a , thereby accommodating a l l r e q u i r ed o n - s i t e movements a t l e s s e r cost as w e l l as p r o v i d i n g c l e a r e r o r i e n t a t i o n 4 �to a r r i v i n g passengers. T h i s recommendation i s i l l u s t r a t e d on page 8. (4) The O v e r a l l S t a t i o n P l a n : The d i s p o s i t i o n of the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n , a f a c i l i t y d i f f i c u l t to f i n d and already i n s u f f i c i e n t i n s i z e , can only be a s s e s s ed i n the context of the proposed Northe a s t Corridor Improvement P r o j e c t a t Union S t a t i o n . I n t h a t context, i t i s recommended t h a t the f a c i l i t i e s now accommodated i n the Replacement S t a t i o n be i ^ l o c a t e d back i n Union S t a t i o n ' s West Wing, Concourse, basement, and upper f l o o r s , and t h a t the Replacement S t a t i o n ' s p a r t i t i o n s and f l o o r s be r e moved and t r a c k s and platforms lengthened so t h a t passengers can move to and from t r a i n s i n the c l e a r , d i r e c t , s h o r t , and o r d e r l y sequence t h a t i s e s s e n t i a l to any f i r s t - c l a s s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c ility. T h i s recommendation i s i l l u s t r a t e d on page 7. 5 �B. RECOMMENDED PLANS The e x h i b i t s on the f o l l o w i n g two pages i l l u s t r a t e the P r e f e r r e d Concepts f o r the o v e r a l l b u i l d i n g plan and f o r s i t e a c c e s s , as described above. �Washington-Union Station Alternative 4 �Northeast Corridor Improvement Project DeLEUW CAT H F W / P A R S O N S S V I d m o r e . O w l n g s f t M»rrl«/Afchrtects i?ii' ("(*•# ( l i t i i mvt f iivi W j * i , i m | i ( ..•. r . v 711? « v VV< Washington - Union Station Recommended Site Access Circulation Scheme C CZ �C. COST SUMMARY AND SCHEDULE The cost of implementing a l l recommendations as s t a t e d above, i n c l u d i n g completion of the parking s t r u c t u r e , r e p a i r of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e problems, and c o n s t r u c t i o n of the P r e f e r r e d Concepts f o r the b u i l d i n g and s i t e access, i s estimated a t $41,600,000. T h i s i n c l u d e s approximately $12,750,000 f o r the parking s t r u c t u r e ; $8,130,000 f o r the E a s t Roadway and s i t e improvements; $8,130,000 f o r NEC s t a t i o n improvements; and up to a maximum of $11,660,000 f o r r e p a i r of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e problems, as i s more f u l l y presented i n the c h a r t on page 13. The estimate assumes s t a r t of c o n s t r u c t i o n on September 30, 1978 and i s i n c l u s i v e of a l l design and management f e e s , contingencies, and e s c a l a t i o n . Should s t a r t of c o n s t r u c t i o n be delayed to January 1, 19 79, the cost i s estimated to i n c r e a s e by approximately $1,300,000. I t must be emphasized t h a t these cost e s t i mates have been made w i t h l i m i t e d access to c o n s t r u c t i o n documents and records and w i t h out b e n e f i t of e x t e n s i v e t e s t i n g to determine p r e c i s e s t r u c t u r a l conditions i n the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n . The i n f r a s t r u c t u r e cost estimates have assumed worst-case conditions u n t i l i n depth i n v e s t i g a t i o n s have been completed. The assumptions made i n preparing the estimates are: e A l l estimated c o s t s a r e based on September 19 77 c o s t s p r o j e c t e d forward through the c o n s t r u c t i o n period by the use of sound, accepted e s t i m a t i n g p r a c t i c e s . Therefore, the amounts noted f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a r t dates of September 19 78 and January 19 79 represent the best estimate of the bids t h a t would be submitted f o r the work a t t h a t time, s u b j e c t t o the other assumptions noted below. • I t i s assumed t h a t the work w i l l proceed i n c e r t a i n sequences; t h e r e f o r e , the cost of a s i n g l e item shown i n t h i s r e p o r t may not r e f l e c t the a c t u a l cost of t h a t item i f i t 9 �were b u i l t i n i s o l a t i o n from, or out of sequence w i t h , the r e s t of the p r o j e c t . • A l l cost estimates f o r the r e p a i r of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e items are p r e l i m i n a r y estimates only, s i n c e the extent and s e v e r i t y of the problems cannot be determined u n t i l a comp l e t e f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n and a n a l y s i s have been undertaken. • I n order to allow f o r some f l e x i b i l i t y and for unforeseen contingencies, worst p o s s i b l e cost of a l l items. A f t e r the completion of the in-depth s t u d i e s of e x i s t i n g conditions (see Temporary C o r r e c t i v e Measures discussed i n S e c t i o n I I of the f u l l t e c h n i c a l r e p o r t ) , the scope of the proposed r e p a i r procedures for s t r u c t u r a l problem areas and the more d e t a i l e d estimated c o s t s may be l e s s than noted h e r e i n . • C e r t a i n t r a c k outages i n v a r i o u s sequences have been assumed. I f these outages are not provided, the cost of c e r t a i n construct i o n elements could i n c r e a s e by as much as 50% due to e x t r a c o n s t r u c t i o n measures r e quired f o r work around the l i v e r a i l r o a d . The e x h i b i t on page 15 i n d i c a t e s the p r o j e c t ed schedule f o r the s i t e i n v e s t i g a t i o n , design, bidding, and c o n s t r u c t i o n of the p r o j e c t s recommended f o r implementation. From a n o t i c e to proceed to completion of design 16 months are r e q u i r e d . A f t e r a b i d period estimated at three months, c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l r e q u i r e 30 months. I t i s recommended t h a t a three-phased approach to c o n s t r u c t i o n be followed. The f i r s t phase c o n s i s t s of c e r t a i n procedures to "make-safe" the parking s t r u c t u r e , thereby a r r e s t i n g a d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n i t s exposed members, and a l s o i n c l u d e s i n f r a s t r u c t u r e r e p a i r s c r i t i c a l to s t r u c t u r a l i n t e g r i t y , l i f e s a f e t y , and code compliance. These near-term improvements should be undertaken a t the e a r l i e s t p o s s i b l e date. The second phase i n c l u d e s the completion of the parking s t r u c t u r e and ramps, w h i l e the t h i r d encompasses the NEC s t a t i o n improvements and the balance of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e r e p a i r s . 10 �Estimated Costs Construction Start September 197 8 Construction Start January 1979 3. Infrastructure: Near Term Infrastructure: Long-Term Range $115,000 to $ 1,150,000 $11,600,000 a. Provide supplemental s t r u c t u r a l support systems to i n sure l i f e - s a f e t y and s t r u c t u r a l safety Range $580,000 to $ 2,700,000 b. Provide f i r e protection systems 2. Parking Garage a. Provide temporary protect i v e measures to i n s u r e l i f e s a f e t y and structural i n tegrity b. Complete the Parking Garage, including i n t e r i o r ramps and automobile mezzanine 1. $ a. Replace main b u i l d i n g roof and roof d r a i n age Range $250,000 to $ 1 , 020,000 b. Modernize e l e c trical distribution system $ 1,640,000 $ 1,880,000 c. Modernize e l e c t r i c a l branch circuits $ $ d. Complete s t r u c - Range $1,400,000 to $ 5,400,000 410,000 510,000 $11,900,000 $ 470,000 580,000 11 �Construction Start September 197 8 Construction Start January 1979 6. Recommended S t a t i o n Plan f o r NECIP $ 5,500,000 $ 3,500,000 $ 3,600,000 a. Reconfigure E Street $ 300,000 $ 310,000 $ 830,000 $ 840,000 c. Modify bearing wall, relocate t r a c k s , modify communications, s i g n a l i n g , and electrification S i t e Improvements $ 5,400,000 b. Construct t a x i queuing ramp 5. $ c. Construct E a s t Roadway (Southe a s t Ramp t o H Street) On S i t e C i r culation Alternatives a. Abandon Southe a s t Ramp b. Complete Southe a s t Ramp i n original configuration 4. $ 3,500,000 $ 3,600,000 $ 9,050,000 $ 9,450,000 Alternative 4 580,000 $ 600,000 12 �Cost Summary : Alternative 1 Construction Start September 197 8 ConstructicStart January 197 9 1. Parking Garage $12,750,000 $13,050,000 2. I n f r a s t r u c t u r e Near Term $ 3,110,000 1 $ 3,170,000 3. I n f r a s t r u c t u r e Long Term 2 $ 8,560,000 $ 8,875,000 4. On S i t e C i r c u l a tion Alternative c $ 3,500,000 $ 3,600,000 5. S i t e Improvements $ 4,630,000 $ 4,750,000 6. S t a t i o n P l a n f o r NECIP Alternative 4 $ 9,050,000 $ 9,450,000 $41,600,000 $42,900,000 TOTAL iRange of $ 990, 000 to $3,110,000 Range of $3,800, 000 to $8,560,000 2 13 �Implementation Schedule 14 �D. COMPARISON OF NECIP ALTERNATIVES The e x h i b i t s on the f o l l o w i n g pages i d e n t i f y the major advantages and disadvantages of the three major s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e s and th4| four building alternatives. Site Alternatives The three s i t e a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e as f o l l o w s : o Scheme A: The Southeast Ramp i s not comp l e t e d , l e a v i n g the Southwest Ramp as two-way access f o r Metrobus between Trans i t Deck and Columbus P l a z a . Access to the parking s t r u c t u r e i s v i a the Northwest Ramp to and from H S t r e e t . • Scheme B: The Southeast Ramp i s completed, and t r a f f i c f u n c t i o n s e s s e n t i a l l y as prev i o u s l y designed. o Scheme C: The Southeast Ramp i s not comp l e t e d but i s replaced by an e l e v a t e d ramp p a r a l l e l t o and e a s t of the through t r a c k s l i n k i n g H S t r e e t and Columbus P l a z a . Scheme A f a i l s t o provide o n - s i t e connections fundamental t o good s t a t i o n c i r c u l a t i o n . I t o f f e r s only one route of approach to the S t a t i o n , and access from the S t a t i o n t o the garage r e q u i r e s the use of a l l three of the most congested i n t e r s e c t i o n s i n the s t a t i o n v i c i n i t y . I t o f f e r s inadequate curb c a p a c i t y f o r pick-up and drop-off i n Columbus P l a z a ; i t does not provide adequate taxi-queuing space. I t r e moves garage access f a r away from Columbus P l a z a , f o r c i n g s t a t i o n t r a f f i c onto the most overloaded s t r e e t s i n the l o c a l s t r e e t system. Scheme B i n c u r s the g r e a t e s t p e n a l t i e s of c o s t w i t h completion of a t r a n s i t bridge over l i v e r a i l . There i s no access to the garage from Columbus P l a z a except v i a l o c a l s t r e e t s and the three most congested i n t e r s e c t i o n s . I t has inadequate p r o v i s i o n f o r t a x i queuing on s i t e and no f l e x i b i l i t y of approach t o Columbus P l a z a . I t maximizes p o t e n t i a l f o r dangerous p e d e s t r i a n - v e h i c l e c o n f l i c t s on the T r a n s i t Deck. I t renders p e d e s t r i a n access t o the T r a n s i t Deck divided and confusing. 15 �Of a l l schemes, Scheme C provides the best t r a f f i c s o l u t i o n due to b u i l t - i n f l e x i b i l i t y of a r r i v a l , departure, and o n - s i t e r o u t i n g . I t a c t i v e l y r e l i e v e s i n t e r s e c L i o n s which w i l l otherwise be unacceptab]y congested i n 1990. I t o f f e r s adequate curb capacity f o r pick-up and drop-off. I t provides generous o n - s i t e space f o r t a x i queuing. I t o f f e r s d i r e c t routes between the garage and Columbus P l a z a . I t e l i m i n a t e s p o t e n t i a l l y dangerous c o n f l i c t s between p e d e s t r i a n s and buses on T r a n s i t Deck. I t u n i f i e s and c l a r i f i e s p e d e s t r i a n access to T r a n s i t Deck. I t t i e s Massachusetts Avenue, Columbus P l a z a , the T r a n s i t Deck, the garage, and the H S t r e e t overpass i n t o a s i n g l e c i r c u l a t i o n network independent of l o c a l s t r e e t system. I t s implementation i s t h e r e f o r e recommenced. 16 �WASHINGTON UNION STATION ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR TRAFFIC CIRCULATION Scheme A Scheme B Scheme C Buses/ Southwest Ramp Southwest Ramp i s two way f o r buses only Southwest Ramp becomes egress from t r a n s i t deck and garage Buses/ Southeast Ramp E x i s t i n g portion of Southeast Ramp i s removed Southeast Ramp i s New E a s t Roadway i s completed according b u i l t from H S t r e e t to o r i g i n a l plans to Southeast Ramp Buses i n Columbus Plaza •Thru buses s t i l l use Columbus P l a z a A l l buses are r e moved from Columbus P l a z a •Thru buses s t i l l use Columbus P l a z a Bus Routing flexibility F l e x i b l e bus r o u t ing A l l t h r u buses detour t o t r a n s i t deck •Most f l e x i b l e r o u t i n g ; Buses using t r a n s i t deck may use Columbus Plaza Garage Ingress A l l Garage i n g r e s s v i a H S t r e e t . No i n g r e s s from Columbus P l a z a A l l Garage i n g r e s s •Garage i n g r e s s v i a v i a H S t r e e t . No H S t r e e t , Mass. Ave. i n g r e s s from and Columbus P l a z a Columbia P l a z a on closed system Garage Egress A l l Garage egress via H Street A l l Garage egress v i a Southwest Ramp Drop-off & Garage No connection between drop-off and garage No connection be- # C l e a r path between drop-off & garage tween drop-off & garage " E n g l i s h " system on ramps:driving on left " E n g l i s h " system on •"American" system ramps:driving on on ramps:driving on left right Reversible Lanes No r e v e r s e lane operation possible No r e v e r s e lane operation possible Garage & Pick-Up No connection between garage and pick-up Connection between ©Clear connection begarage and pick-up tween garage and i n c r e a s e s congestion pick-up i n Columbus P l a z a Ramp Flexibility • Denotes most f a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n D i r e c t i o n of Southe a s t & Southwest Ramps i s reversed A l l Garage egress v i a H Street •Reverse lane operation practical 17 �Scheme A Scheme B Scheme C E Street Configuration E S t r e e t remains u n a f f e c t e d and unutilized E S t r e e t remains unaffected and unutilized Approach Flexibility No f l e x i b i l i t y of approach from west (60% of traffic) No f l e x i b i l i t y of approach from west (60% of traffic) Traffic Impacts Congestion i n Columbus P l a z a and l o c a l s t r e e t s Congestion i n Columbus P l a z a and l o c a l s t r e e t s Taxi Queuing Inadequate p r o v i s Inadequate p r o v i s - •Generous p r o v i s i o n ion f o r t a x i queuing ion f o r t a x i queuing• f o r t a x i queuing Curbside Capacity Inadequate curbside capacity f o r drop-off and p i c k up Adequate curbside f o r Curb adequate; f o r pick-up, drop-off pick-up, and dropo f f , without queuing[ on s i t e Traffic Impacts Unacceptable 1990 congestion: Mass. Ave. a t SE corner of P l a z a C i r c l e Unacceptable 1990 Mass. Ave. a t SE corner of P l a z a Circle Metrobus to Metror a i l connection P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and M e t r o r a i l conf u s i n g & complicated P e d e s t r i a n connections between Metrobus and M e t r o r a i l conf u s i n g and complicated •Pedestrian c i r c u l a t i o n consolidated on t r a n s i t deck, connection to Metror a i l d i r e c t and clear Bus to Station Connection P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and S t a t i o n confusing and u n c l e a r P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and S t a t i o n confusing and u n c l e a r •Pedestrian c i r c u l a t i o n s between Metrobus and s t a t i o n c l e a r and d i r e c t Transit Deck Circulation Conflicts P o t e n t i a l pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on deck P o t e n t i a l pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on deck • E l i m i n a t i o n of pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on t r a n s i t deck Cost Phasing •Lowest c o s t : r e moval of unused ramps and roadways •No phasing problems, only demolition Greatest cost: completion f f Southeast Ramp Track outages and phasing problems E S t r e e t reconfigured for easy egress to south & e a s t •Easy approach from west v i a H S t r e e t or Mass. Ave. More a r r i v a l r o u t e s , more departure routes station circulation more independent of local streets 1990 congestion r e l i e v e d ; Mass. Ave. at SE corner of Plaza C i r c l e Second g r e a t e s t cost i n c o r p o r a t i o n of ramps and roadways i n new scheme • No c o n s t r u c t i o n over l i v e r a i l : easy phasing 18 �Building Alternatives The four b u i l d i n g follows: a l t e r n a t i v e s are as A l t e r n a t i v e 1: The West Wing and c e r t a i n p o r t i o n s of the Concourse a r e reclaimed f o r r a i l functions. The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s remodeled f o r r a i l use. A l t e r n a t i v e 2: The e n t i r e Concourse i s r e claimed f o r r a i l f u n c t i o n s . The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s remodeled f o r r a i l use. A l t e r n a t i v e 3: The West Wing and the western h a l f of the Concourse are reclaimed f o r r a i l functions. The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s remodeled, and the Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n i s constructed f o r r a i l use. A l t e r n a t i v e 4: A l l r a i l functions are l o c a ted w i t h i n reclaimed space i n the West Wing and Concourse of the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n . The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s removed, and the t r a c k s are r e s t o r e d to t h e i r o r i g i n a l location. A l t e r n a t i v e s 1, 2 and 3 a l l share a major d i s advantage from both an o r i e n t a t i o n and opera t i o n s point of view: the d i v i s i o n of r a i l f u n c t i o n s between two b u i l d i n g s . Furthermore, i n A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 and 3, shared use of the h i s t o r i c Concourse w i t h v i s i t o r center f a c i l i t i e s hinders u n i f i e d a r c h i t e c t u r a l treatment end complicates s e c u r i t y and maintenance. A l t e r n a t i v e 2 a l l o w s u n i f i e d treatment and operation of the Concourse but removes the s t a t i o n some 220 f e e t from i t s f r o n t door on Columbus P l a z a and weakens the s t a t i o n s i d e n t i t y and l o c a t i o n a l c l a r i t y . A l t e r n a t i v e s 2 and 3 are the most expensive options i n t h a t both e n t a i l the development and maintenance of more space than the r a i l program r e q u i r e s . A l t e r n a t i v e 4 o f f e r s tremendous advantages over any other option f o r the Union S t a t i o n / N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center complex. I t c o s t s l e s s to implement and l e s s to operate than any other a l t e r n a t i v e . By r e s t o r i n g t r a c k 19 �heads to t h e i r o r i g i n a l l o c a t i o n , i t i n c r e a s e s o p e r a t i o n a l f l e x i b i l i t y and platform c a p a c i t y w h i l e decreasing passenger walking d i s t a n c e s . Alone among the options, i t provides the passenger an e a s i l y perc e i v e d , d i r e c t and unencumbered pathway from Columbus P l a z a and Metro to the t r a i n s . For these reasons, the implementation of t h i s P r e f e r r e d Concept f o r the o v e r a l l b u i l d i n g p l a n , and thus the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of the permanent r a i l r o a d f a c i l i t y w i t h i n d i r e c t s i g h t and easy reach of the C a p i t o l , i s recommended. 20 �WASHINGTON UNION STATION ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE STATION PLAN ALTERNATIVE 1 Cost ALTERNATIVE 2 ALTERNATIVE 3 Second lowest cost Second cost Highest c o s t •Lowest Cost 1200 f t ; orientation least clear 1200 f t ; orientation equally clear f o r a l t . 1&3 •830 f t ; s h o r t e s t d i s tance; o r i e n t a t i o n most clear Distance to 1200 f t ; t r a i n s from orientation Columbus. P l a z a e q u a l l y c l e a r f o r a l t . 1&3 highest ALTERNATIVE 4 Distance to t r a i n s from Metrorail 960 f t ; orientation equally clear for a l t . ]S3 960 f t ; orientation least clear 960 f t , orientation equally clear f o r a l t . 1&3 •580 f t , s h o r t e s t d i s tances; o r i e n t a t i o n most c l e a r Distance to t r a i n s from Parking Garage 2500 f t . orientation equally c i r cuitous for a l t . 1&3 •990 f t . orientation most d i r e c t 2500 f t . orientation equally c i r cuitous for a l t . 1&3 1300 f t . o r i e n t a t i o n more d i r e c t than a l t . 1&3 Distance to •370 f t . t i c k e t i n g from o r i e n t a t i o n Columbus P l a z a e q u a l l y c l e a r f o r a l t . 1,3 and 4 410 f t . orientation least clear Sequence of R a i l Functions From Columbus P l a z a and Metrorail Physically and v i s u a l l y separated Physically P h y s i c a l l y and v i s u a l l y separa-- and v i s u a l l y separated ted Sequence of R a i l Fucntions From P a r k i n g Garage R e q u i r e s back- • R e q u i r e s l e a s t backtracking tracking R e q u i r e s backtracking Continuity/ Compactness of R a i l Functions Functions spread i n 2 buildings; HSR w a i t i n g i s o l a t e d from queuing & trains F u n c t i o n s spread ^ F u n c t i o n s u n i f i e d i n in 2 buildings one b u i l d i n g ; r a i l HSR w a i t i n g r e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s are i s o l a t e d from coherent & compact queuing & t r a i n s • Denotes most f a v o r a b l e Functions spread i n 2 buildings; HSR w a i t i n g i s o l a t e d from queuing & trains erudition •370 f t . orientation equally c l e a r f o r a l t . 1,3, and 4 •370 f t orientation equally c l e a r f o r a l t . 1,3 and 4 •Most o r d e r l y , compact, and v i s u a l l y evident Requires backtracking 21 �ALTERNATIVE 1 Space U t i l i z a - • A l t e r n a t i v e s t i o n E f f i c i e n c y 1&4 most efficient w i t h i n 7% of program ALTERNATIVE 2 ALTERNATIVE 3 Alternatives 2&3 l e a s t efficient; 25% over program Alternatives 2&3 l e a s t efficient; 25% over program •Alternatives 1&4 most e f f i c i e n t ; w i t h i n 7% of program ©Minor c o o r d i n a t i o n with NVC f o r shared space ALTERNATIVE 4 Maintenance/ Security G r e a t e s t Coor-©Minor codination with ordination NVC f o r shared w i t h NVC f o r space shared space Considerable coordination w i t h NVC f o r shared space Rail Operations Platform lengths as a t present Platform lengths as a t p r e sent P l a t f o r m l e n g t h s •Platform l e n g t h , i n as a t p r e s e n t c r e a s e d by 210' °r three cars Not r e q u i r e d ; less capital and o p e r a t i n g cost Required Phase I I Replacement Station Physical Modifications to A r c h i t e c ture •Not r e q u i r e d ; less capital and o p e r a t i n g cost Shared use of Concourse frus'trates architectural treatment and underutilizes Concourse space Support a r e a s for ticketing necessitate construction of a concourse mezzanine which would i n t e r r u p t the v a u l t e d c e i l i n g of the Concourse Shared use of Concourse f r u s trates architechural treatment and underutilizes Concourse space •Not r e q u i r e d ; l e s s c a p i t a l and o p e r a t i n g cost •North concourse w a l l can be made v i s u a l l y ope again, making t r a i n s v i s i b l e from w a i t i n g and queuing a r e a s ; uniform treatment of Concourse i s p o s s i b l e ; b e s t u t i l i z e s Concourse space 22 �E. DESCRIPTION QF THE FULL REPORT T h i s r e p o r t has. been prepared f o r the Federa l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n by DeLeuw Cather/ Parsons and Skidmore, Owings & M e r r i l l , proj e c t a r c h i t e c t s . S p e c i a l c o n s u l t a n t s to t h i s r e p o r t are KCE S t r u c t u r a l Engineers, f o r s t r u c t u r a l engineering; F l a c k & K u r t z , Cons u l t i n g Engineers, f o r mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l engineering; and Walter T. Vanaman, Incorporated, f o r cost e s t i m a t e s . The f u l l r e p o r t w i l l c o n t a i n four major sect i o n s , i n a d d i t i o n to t h i s e x e c u t i v e summary. The f i r s t w i l l include a b r i e f h i s t o r y of the p r o j e c t and a statement of the design requirements f o r i n t e r c i t y r a i l s e r v i c e as w e l l as other users a t Union S t a t i o n . T h i s s e c t i o n w i l l a l s o define the assumptions made i n preparing the r e p o r t . The second s e c t i o n w i l l present the study's conclusions w i t h respect to the parking s t r u c t u r e and the assessment of the s t r u c t u r a l , mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l systems of the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n . The t h i r d s e c t i o n w i l l present, through a s e r i e s of three s i t e access a l t e r n a t i v e s and four s t a t i o n o r g a n i z a t i o n a l t e r n a t i v e s , the recommendation of the P r e f e r r e d Concepts f o r the Northeast C o r r i d o r Improvements. Sections I I and I I I w i l l a l s o i n c l u d e c o s t and schedule data f o r the s e v e r a l recommended components of the o v e r a l l p r o j e c t . The f o u r t h and f i n a l s e c t i o n w i l l d e s c r i b e the i n t e g r a t i o n of the recommended components as a s i n g l e , phased design and c o n s t r u c t i o n project. 23 �PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS BACKGROUND Union S t a t i o n , a prominent h i s t o r i c landmark constructed as the " v e s t i b u l e of the C a p i t o l " and as a s t a t i o n w i t h an "importance... greater than t h a t of any other one i n any c i t y i n the world, "1 has served as Washington's major r a i l road s t a t i o n s i n c e i t s opening i n 1908. By 1966, when Congress created a study commission to i n v e s t i g a t e p o s s i b l e s i t e s f o r a National V i s i t o r Center (NVC), Union S t a t i o n was s e l e c t ed f o r implementation under the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center F a c i l i t i e s Act of 1968 ( P u b l i c Law 90264). A f t e r seven y e a r s of planning by the Department of the I n t e r i o r (DOT), during which s e v e r a l designs f o r v i s i t o r f a c i l i t i e s , a parking s t r u c t u r e , and a replacement r a i l s t a t i o n were prepared, c o n s t r u c t i o n began i n 1973. As a r e s u l t of t h a t c o n s t r u c t i o n , the Union S t a t i o n complex now houses two major, d i s t i n c t f u n c t i o n s : r a i l operations and the NVC. As the f o l l o w i n g e x h i b i t i l l u s t r a t e s , the main l e v e l of the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n and Concourse has been r e f u r b i s h e d e x c l u s i v e l y f o r v i s i t o r center use. The upper f l o o r s and basement of the s t a t i o n are shared by NVC and r a i l - r e l a t e d uses; there are a l s o e x t e n s i v e unused a r e a s . To the north of the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n l i e s the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n , completed i n 1976 by the Washington Terminal Company as p a r t of the NVC agreement. A l l r a i l passenger a c t i v i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g Amtrak and commuter r a i l f a c i l i t i e s 1 The Improvement of the Park System of the D i s t r i c t of Columbia, Report No. 166, 57th Congress, 1 s t S e s s i o n , Washington, D.C; U.S. GPO, 1902. 24 �as w e l l as a few concessions, a r e now l o c a ted i n t h i s a r e a . The second phase of the Replacement S t a t i o n to provide a w a i t i n g area and access t o the lower l e v e l , has not been constructed; temporary f a c i l i t i e s behind the Concourse now perform t h i s f u n c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t i o n of the Southeast Ramp, t r a n s i t deck and p a r k i n g garage over the c o r r i d o r t r a c k s , and the Replacement S t a t i o n was h a l t e d i n 1977 due to cost overruns. Although the t r a n s i t deck i s i n o p e r a t i o n , no p a r k i n g f o r p r i v a t e automobiles i s a v a i l a b l e . Access i s s o l e l y by way of the Southwest Ramp, since the Southeast Ramp i s incomplete. Task 14 I n 1976, a study was undertaken to i n v e s t i g a t e conceptual a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r the Intermodal Terminal a t Union S t a t i o n and t o prepare a d e t a i l e d conceptual design f o r the recommended a l t e r n a t i v e . F a c i l i t i e s f o r i n t e r c i t y bus as w e l l as i n t e r c i t y r a i l were included i n the t e r m i n a l program. The study concluded by r e commending t h a t "the s t a t i o n be r e s t o r e d to the purpose f o r which i t was o r i g i n a l l y d e s i g ned: the p r o c e s s i n g of t r a v e l e r s . Any users as a v i s i t o r center should become secondary." 1 B. BASIS FOR REASSESSMENT Since the completion o f Task 14, s e v e r a l developments have n e c e s s i t a t e d a reassessment of the Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ' s r o l e and d i r e c t i o n of planning f o r Union S t a t i o n : • 1 Cost overruns: The Department o f I n t e r i o r ' s funds f o r the p r o j e c t have proved i n s u f f i c i e n t to complete c o n s t r u c t i o n r e l a t e d t o the NVC, and no p o t e n t i a l f o r add i t i o n a l DOT funds appears to e x i s t . Despite a s i z e a b l e investment of p u b l i c T a s k 14 Union S t a t i o n , Washington, D.C., Model Intermodal T e r m i n a l , prepared by the F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , J u l y , 1976, page 1 . 25 �d o l l a r s , the garage remains, f o r the most p a r t , unuseable and the V i s i t o r ' s Center i s not a t t r a c t i n g the expected patronage. • • DESIGN PARAMETERS ASSUMED DOI-DOT Negotiations; The Departments of I n t e r i o r and T r a n s p o r t a t i o n have agreed i n the shared use of the o r i g i n a l Union S t a t i o n , w i t h DOT to be i n c o n t r o l of i t s l e a s e . However, l e g i s l a t i o n i s r e q u i r e d t o implement t h i s understanding. • C. Imminent R a i l Improvements; The n e c e s s i t y of r e u t i l i z i n g c e r t a i n p a r t s of the o r i g i n a l Union S t a t i o n t o provide s u f f i c i e n t space and appropriate v i s u a l prominence f o r i n c r e a s i n g i n t e r c i t y and commuter r a i l t r a v e l has been acknowledged, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n r e l a t i o n t o the Northeast C o r r i d o r Improvement P r o j e c t which has emerged a s the source f o r implementing the r a i l p o r t i o n of the proposed intermodal t e r m i n a l . I n f r a s t r u c t u r e Problems: C r i t i c a l problems i n the s t r u c t u r a l and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n systems of the b u i l d i n g have been i d e n t i f i e d as posing a c l e a r t h r e a t t o the i n t e g r i t y and s a f e occupancy of the o r i g i n a l station. I n a d d i t i o n , f o r purposes of t h i s s p e c i a l study, the f o l l o w i n g parameters concerning t h e p h y s i c a l a l t e r n a t i v e s a t Union S t a t i o n were established: • Concourse-Level Roadway: No longer cons i d e r e d a v i a b l e p u b l i c a c c e s s , due to the queue p r o j e c t e d t o r e s u l t on Columbus P l a z a by v i r t u e of the roadway's narrow t h r o a t , and due t o the b a r r i e r i t forms between s t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s and p l a t f o r m s ; • I n c l u s i o n of I n t e r c i t y Bus: I n t e r c i t y bus to be corporated i n an intermodal complex i f funds a r e forthcoming, but not p a r t of the design program f o r t h i s s p e c i a l study; • E x t e n s i o n of Parking S t r u c t u r e Over the Through T r a c k s : Not r e q u i r e d i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h the program defined f o r t h i s study; 26 �• • Current Status T r a n s i t Deck: Metrobus; To be used e x c l u s i v e l y by NVC Retention of Space: N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center to r e t a i n the National Bookstore, t h e a t e r s , and Main H a l l PAVE on the ground l e v e l , as w e l l as r e q u i r e d support space i n the basement and upper f l o o r a r e a s . The study i s based upon the f o l l o w i n g elements now i n place and operating: • The N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center, which i n c l u d e s the PAVE, a m u l t i - l e v e l a u d i o - v i s u a l exh i b i t i n the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n ' s Main H a l l ; the H a l l of S t a t e s information area and souvenir shop i n the West Wing; the National Bookstore, two t h e a t e r s , and the P r e s i d e n t i a l S u i t e i n the E a s t Wing; and a food concession and e x h i b i t s i n the Concourse; • The Phase 1 Replacement S t a t i o n , which i s connected to the Concourse by a p e d e s t r i a n bridge and temporary concourse l e v e l walkways ; • The Metrobus area on the main l e v e l of the Parking Garage. T h i s l e v e l i s a l s o being used as a comfort s t a t i o n / r e s t stop f o r Metrobus d r i v e r s ; • The Southwest Ramp, l e a d i n g from the bus staging area i n the garage around the west end of the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n down to the western edge of Columbus P l a z a . (The Northwest Ramp which a l s o provides access to the bus staging l e v e l w i l l open soon.); • The M e t r o r a i l subway s t a t i o n , w i t h access from the west p o r t i c o and the west-end of the Replacement S t a t i o n . Incomplete elements of the complex i n c l u d e : • The mezzanine, four parking l e v e l s , and i n t e r n a l c i r c u l a t i o n ramps of the Parking Garage. 27 �• • The Esplanade a t the Concourse l e v e l between the Concourse and the t r a c k s . • Scope of t h i s Study The Southeast Ramp v e h i c u l a r access from Columbus P l a z a t o the t r a n s i t deck and parking garage. The Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n w i t h renovated access t o lower l e v e l platforms. As requested by the FRA, the r e p o r t s p e c i f i c a l l y addresses the f o l l o w i n g components i n r e l a t i o n to these parameters. • • Recommended changes t o the above f o r comp a t i b i l i t y w i t h the Northeast C o r r i d o r Improvement P r o j e c t ; • P r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s of scope of work and s e v e r i t y of problems f o r main b u i l d i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i n c l u d i n g new r o o f s ; e l e c t r i c a l s u b s t a t i o n and d i s t r i b u t i o n systems; roof and s u r f a c e drainage system; heating v e n t i l a t i n g and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g systems; and s t r u c t u r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the north and e a s t Concourse w a l l s and the t u n n e l s ; • P r e l i m i n a r y c o s t e s t i m a t e s ; and • D. S t a t u s of e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s and e s t i mated time frame f o r completion of cons t r u c t i o n of c u r r e n t l y u n f i n i s h e d p r o j e c t s at t h i s s t a t i o n ; P r e l i m i n a r y milestone schedule f o r comp l e t i o n of a l l design, bidding and construction a c t i v i t i e s . PATRONAGE, PROT h i s s e c t i o n of the r e p o r t presents the s t a t i s GRAM, AND TRAFFIC t i c a l data, w i t h r e s p e c t to patronage, space DATA requirements, and t r a f f i c movements, -/hich provide the b a s i s f o r a l l a l t e r n a t i v e designs for the s t a t i o n and s i t e . Patronage and Modal S p l i t s By 1982, High-speed R a i l s e r v i c e a t Union S t a t i o n i s expected to c a r r y 2,665,000 passengers a n n u a l l y . By 1990, t h i s volume i s expected to reach 6,150,000. The volume of persons a r r i v i n g a t the s t a t i o n by v a r i o u s modes i s shown for 1982 and 1990 on Tables 1 , 2 and 3 on the f o l l o w i n g pages. Table 4 i n d i c a t e s assumed 28 �d i r e c t i o n s of approach. F o r e c a s t s were based on the f o l l o w i n g base data and assumptions: • • M e t r o r a i l and Metrobus - based on Task 14 f o r e c a s t s f o r 1982 and 1990. Task 14 assumed the 98-mile M e t r o r a i l system as being o p e r a t i o n a l and the Metrobus system r e o r i e n t e d feeder bus s e r v i c e by 1982. • O v e r a l l Patronage a t Union S t a t i o n - r e v i s e d downward t o accommodate d e l e t i o n of i n t e r c i t y bus, commuter bus, and h e l i c o p t e r f a c i l i t i e s from the Intermodal Terminal program. • Modal S p l i t s - d e r i v e d from Task 14. P r i v a t e c a r p r o j e c t i o n s based on a v e h i c l e occupancy o f 1.4 as the average t r a v e l l i n g troup. • Auto Mode (20 percent of a l l a r r i v a l s a t Union S t a t i o n i s 1990) - c o n s o l i d a t e d w i t h the R e n t a l Car Mode (4 percent of a l l a r r i v a l s i n 1990) f o r the d e r i v a t i o n of v e h i c l e volumes. • Program High Speed R a i l - based on Aerospace f o r e c a s t s f o r 1982 and 1990. Long-haul and commuter r a i l patronage based on Task 14 f o r e c a s t s f o r 1982 and 1990. D r i v e and Park - s e t a t 10 percent of a l l a r r i v a l s , w i t h drop-off and pick-up accounting f o r the r e s t of the Auto Mode. The p r o j e c t e d 1990 program f o r i n t e r c i t y and commuter r a i l a t Union S t a t i o n c a l l s f o r approximately 130,000 square f e e t plus a 20,000 square foot commissary, as i n d i c a t e d i n Table 5. Table 6 summarizes the are p r e s e n t l y taken by the NVC and Table 7 i n d i c a t e s the c u r r e n t space a l l o c a t i o n among a l l u s e r s . 29 �SECTION I TABLE 1 PATRONAGE DATA SOURCE 1981 SOURCE 1990 Task 14 II II II II Aerospace Task 14 Task 14 tl II Aerospace Task 14 II •i it II II •1 II Task 14 II II It II Task 14 ii *i Aerospace Task 14 II II •l Aerospace II II II II MODE 1981* 1990 HSR LH Commuter Metrobus Metrorail Annual 2-way 2,665,000 637,000 1,560,000 5,240,000(1982) 10,650,000(1982) Annual 2-way 6,150,000 1,600,000 2,350,000 8,330,000 13,450,000 HSR LH Commuter Metrobus Metrorail Design Day 2-way 9,850 2, 340 6,240 19,400(1982) 38,600(1982) Design Day 2-way 22,777 4,300 9,400 31,500 58,400 HSR LH Commuter Metrobus Metrorail Design Hour 2-way 1,430 481 1,820 3,300(1982) 5,900(1982) Design Hour 2-way 3,416 870 3,300 5,270 8,8C0 HSR LH Commuter Metrobus Metrorail Design Hour 1-way 962 312 1,690 2,230(1982) 3,750(1982) Design Hour 1-way 2,200 570 3,000 3,430 5,800 *ASSUME 5% INCREASE PER ANNUM 1975-1981 = 30% �TABLE 2 Taxi Passengers 1982 1990 1982 1990 1982 1990 High Speed Rail 508 1025 Long Haul Rail A i r p o r t Limousine 8 66 407 547 407 683 1982 1990 61 137 Walking Metrobus 1982 1990 Rental Car (drivers & riders) Metrorail High Speed Rail 1982 1990 Commuter Rail DESIGN HOUR Commuter Rail 1982 and 1990 PATRONAGE VOLUMES: Private Car (drivers & riders) SECTION I 1982 1990 447 683 • 1982 1990 203 342 14 10 22 10 14 54 116 68 110 33 330 660 132 165 176 165 44 66 1518 2145 10 18 10 12 8 12 8 12 4 6 1. Design Day Patronage f o r HSR based on 1/270th of the Annual Patronage. Desigh Hour patronage f o r HSR i s taken as 15% of design day patronage. 2. Design Day Patronage f o r long haul based on 0.4 percent of Annual Patronage. Design Hour patronage f o r Long Haul i s taken as 20% of design day patronage. 3. Design Day Patronage f o r Commuter R a i l i s taken as l/270th of Annual Patronage. Design Hour patronage f o r Commuter R a i l i s taken as 37% of design day patronage. �TABLE 3 Metrobus 1982 1990 1982 1990 1982 1990 5 Long Haul Rail A i r p o r t Limousine 1 f E 1982 1990 2 1982 1990 1982 1990 22 20 42 45 8 5 2 2 20 20 20 20 1982 1990 40 25 30 20 16 20 20 5 7 8 7 5 36 1 15 20 6 5 25 30 25 20 High Speed Rail Commuter Rail •r •i Walking Metrorail IP- 82 1990 DESIGN HOUR Rental Car Commuter Rail High Speed Rail 1982 and 1990 MODAL SPLIT (by p e r c e n t ) : Private Car SECTION I 3 4 10 10 69 ' 65 10 10 �SECTION I TABLE 4 1 DIRECTION OF APPROACH P e r c e n t o f T r i p s Approaching Union S t a t i o n by D i r e c t i o n Northwest High-speed R a i l , Long-haul, and Commuter R a i l 58.5 Southwest Northeast Southeast 30 5 6.5 Task 14, F i g u r e s r e f l e c t the r e v i s e d approach volumes f o r the v a r i o u s modes. �SECTION I TABLE"5 SPACE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS FOR RAIL, 1990 WASHINGTON UNION STATION F u n c t i o n a l Element GROUND LEVEL PROGRAMMED AREA 1990 Gross Sq. F t . PASSENGER PROCESSING Information Fare Collection HSR + LH Commuter Waiting £ Staging HSR LH Commuter Baggage Check SUB-TOTAL PUBLIC 390 2,418 360 19,050 18,600 600 5,351 46,769 SERVICES Restroom Lockers Telephones Postal Vending L o s t & Found F i r s t Aid/Medical C i t y Information Western Union SUB-TOTAL CONCESSIONS SUB-TOTAL TERMINAL ADMINISTRATION SUB-TOTAL 3,110 3,945 1,512 173 54 180 503 72 300 9,849 21,225 6,042 HSR OPERATIONS Passenger Handling & T i c k e t Support Passenger S e r v i c e s T r a i n Support SUB-TOTA* 3,255 2,250 7,403 12,908 TOTAL GROUND LEVEL AREA 96,793 34 : �BASEMENT LEVEL PROGRAMMED AREA HSR OPERATIONS 2 • M a i l , Baggage & Package E x p r e s s Cleaning F a c i l i t i e s Station Police SUB-TOTAL BUILDING MAINTENANCE AND DELIVERY AREA SUB-TOTAL 11,976 TOTAL BASEMENT LEVEL AREA THIRD LEVEL PROGRAMMED LEVEL 10,700 2,247 5,115 18,062 30,038 HSR OPERATIONS S t a t i o n Support Employee F a c i l i t i e s Regional F a c i l i t i e s 2,850 2,505 2,138 TOTAL THIRD LEVEL AREA 7,493 TOTAL PROGRAMMED AREA 134,324 Gross a r e a i n c l u d e s a l l usable space, w a l l s and s t r u c t u r e r e q u i r i n g maintenance. | A commissary o f 20,000 s q . f t . g r o s s a r e a w i l l be l o c a t e d e i t h e r i n the basement o f the s t a t i o n or i n another b u i l d i n g near the s t a t i o n . 35 �SECTION I TABLE 6 NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER SPACE ALLOCATIONS WASHINGTON UNION STATION F u n c t i o n a l element EXISTING CONDITIONS Gross Sq. F t . 1 GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (PAVE) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , Presidential Suite) West Wing ( H a l l o f S t a t e s ) Concourse ( E x h i b i t s , R e s t a u r a n t ) SUB-TOTAL 38,805 29,600 *>1,722 85,050 175,177 BASEMENT PAVE, Shops, Storage 109,480 MEZZANINE E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) 3,110 SECOND LEVEL E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) • 25,540 THIRD LEVEL E a s t Wing 13,760 FOURTH LEVEL E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) TOTAL EXISTING ALLOCATIONS 1 10,920 337,987 Gross a r e a i n c l u d e s a l l u s a b l e space, w a l l s and s t r u c t u r e r e q u i r i n g maintenance. 36 �F u n c t i o n a l Element REVISED ALLOCATIONS SCHEME 1 Gross Sq. F t . GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (PAVE) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite) Concourse ( E x h i b i t s ) SUB-TOTAL 38,805 29,600 26,325 94,730 TOTAL-OTHER LEVELS (See "Scheme 1") TOTAL SCHEME 1 ALLOCATIONS SCHEME 2 111,130 205,860 GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (Pave) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite) West Wing ( H a l l o f S t a t e s ) SUB-TOTAL 38,805 29,600 21,722 90,127 TOTAL-OTHER LEVELS (See "Scheme 1") TOTAL SCHEME 2 ALLOCATIONS SCHEME 3 111,130 201,257 GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (PAVE) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite) Concourse ( E x h i b i t s ) SUB-TOTAL 37,990 106,395 TOTAL-OTHER LEVELS (See "Scheme 1") 111,130 TOTAL SCHEME 3 ALLOCATIONS SCHEME 4 38,805 29,600 217,525 GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (PAVE) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite) SUB-TOTAL 38,805 29,600 68,405 BASEMENT PAVE, Shops, Storage 59,000 37 �F u n c t i o n a l Element SCHEME 4 CONTINUED 1 Gross Sq. F t . MEZZANINE E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) 3,110 SECOND LEVEL E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) 25,540 THIRD LEVEL E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) 12,560 FOURTH LEVEL E a s t Wing ( O f f i c e s ) TOTAL SCHEME 4 ALLOCATIONS SUMMARY NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER AREA 10,920 179,535 GROUND LEVEL ALLOCATIONS Existing Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 175,177 94,730 90,127 106,395 68,405 OTHER LEVELS Existing Schemes 1-4 (Reduces Basement & L e v e l 3 Areas) 162,810 111,130 TOTAL ALLOCATIONS E x i s t i n g Conditions Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 1 337,987 205,860 201,257 217,525 179,535 Gross a r e a i n c l u d e s a l l u s a b l e space, w a l l s and s t r u c t u r e r e q u i r i n g maintenance. 38 �SECTION I TABLE 7 EXISTING SPACE ALLOCATION WASHINGTON UNION STATION F u n c t i o n a l Element ORIGINAL STATION Gross Sq . F t . GROUND LEVEL Main H a l l (PAVE) E a s t Wing (Book S t o r e , T h e a t e r s , Presidential Suite) West Wing ( H a l l o f S t a t e s ) Concourse ( E x h i b i t s , R e s t u r a n t ) SUB-TOTAL 38, 805 29, 600 21, 722 85, 050 175, 177 BASEMENT Metro Mechanical NVC (Pave, Shops, Storage C i r c u l a t i o n , l o a d i n g and ramp) SUB-TOTAL 16,050 109,480 51,060 176,590 MEZZANINE NVC Mechanical SUB-TOTAL 3,100 5,720 8,830 SECOND LEVEL E a s t Wing (NVC) West Wing (Wash. Terminal Co.) SUB-TOTAL 25,540 10,890 36,430 THIRD LEVEL E a s t Wing - NVC YMCA West Wing (Wash. Terminal Co.) SUB-TOTAL 13,760 11,620 10,890 36,270 39 1 �FOURTH LEVEL E a s t Wing - NVC YMCA West Wing - Unassignable Unusable SUB-TOTAL 10,920 12,480 3,400 12,370 39,170 TOTAL GROSS AREA - ALL LEVELS 427,467 TOTAL GROSS AREA - EXCEPT GROUND LEVEL 297,290 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT REPLACEMENT STATION GROSS SQ. F T . 1 GROUND LEVEL Phase One S t a t i o n C i r c u l a t i o n L i n k s t o Main B u i l d i n g C i r c u l a t i o n & Access t o Long Haul Tracks SUB-TOTAL 40,046 1,875 8,825 50,746 MEZZANINE LEVEL SUB-TOTAL 9,205 TOTAL GROSS AREA 59,951 TOTAL GROSS AREA-GROUND LEVELS 225,923 TOTAL GROSS AREA-OTHER LEVELS 306,495 GRAND TOTAL GROSS AREA 532,418 Gross a r e a i n c l u d e s a l l u s a b l e space, s t r u c t u r e r e q u i r i n g maintenance. w a l l s , and 40 �. COST AND SCHEDULING ASSUMPTIONS • A l l estimated c o s t s a r e based on September 1977 c o s t s p r o j e c t e d forward through the c o n s t r u c t i o n period by the use of sound, accepted e s t i m a t i n g p r a c t i c e s . Therefore, the amounts noted f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a r t dates of September 1978 and January 1979 represent the best estimate of the bids t h a t would be submitted f o r the work a t t h a t time, s u b j e c t t o the other assumptions noted below. • The length of time t o complete plans and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a s i n d i c a t e d on the Implement a t i o n Schedule, page 14, assumes t h a t a l l c o n t r a c t documents prepared f o r previous c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s a t Union S t a t i o n a r e made a v a i l a b l e t o the A r c h i t e c t and Engineers f o r use as r e f e r e n c e and as documentat i o n of e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . • I t i s assumed t h a t the work w i l l proceed i n c e r t a i n sequences; t h e r e f o r e , the c o s t of a s i n g l e item shown i n t h i s r e p o r t may not r e f l e c t the a c t u a l cost of t h a t item i f i t were b u i l t i n i s o l a t i o n from, or out of sequence w i t h , the r e s t of the p r o j e c t . • A l l cost estimates f o r the r e p a i r of i n f r a s t r u c t u r e items a r e p r e l i m i n a r y estimates only, s i n c e the e x t e n t and s e v e r i t y of t h e problems cannot be determined u n t i l a comp l e t e f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n and a n a l y s i s have been undertaken. • I n order to allow f o r some f l e x i b i l i t y and f o r unforeseen contingencies, worst p o s s i b l e c o n d i t i o n s were assumed i n determining the c o s t of a l l items. A f t e r the completion of the in-depth s t u d i e s of e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s (see Temporary C o r r e c t i v e Measures d i s c u s sed i n S e c t i o n I I of t h i s r e p o r t ) , the scope of the proposed r e p a i r procedures f o r s t r u c t u r a l problem areas and the more d e t a i l e d estimated c o s t s may be l e s s than noted.herein. • C e r t a i n t r a c k outages i n v a r i o u s sequences have been assumed. I f these outages a r e not provided, the c o s t of c e r t a i n c o n s t r u c t i o n elements could i n c r e a s e by as much as 41 �50% due t o e x t r a c o n s t r u c t i o n measures r e q u i r e d f o r work around the l i v e r a i l r o a d . As p a r t of the f i e l d i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the u n f i n i s h e d p r o j e c t s conducted f o r t h i s study, a q u a n t i t a t i v e survey of on s i t e b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l s was made. I t i s assumed that the v a l u e of these m a t e r i a l s i s i n c i d e n t a l to the o v e r a l l c o s t , and may, i n f a c t , i n c r e a s e t o t a l c o s t by being excess m a t e r i a l . I t i s assumed t h a t a d d i t i o n a l i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o a c c u r a t e l y determine what c o r r e c t i v e measures must be taken. These i n v e s t i g a t i o n s a r e d i s c u s s e d f u r t h e r i n Section I I of t h i s r e p o r t . �PARKING STRUCTURE AND BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURE AIR-RIGHTS STRUCTURE When the N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e terminated c o n s t r u c t i o n i n 1977, the a i r - r i g h t s s t r u c t u r e over t h e concourse-level t r a c k s a t Union S t a t i o n designed to serve as a loading area f o r Metrobus and Tourmobile and to provide parking f o r approximately 1200 c a r s , was l e f t u n f i n i s h e d . The c o n d i t i o n s e x i s t i n g a t the parking garage, the Southeast Ramp and the Esplanade Roadvay a r e described below followed by t h e estimated c o s t s and recommendation on completing the parking garage . Recommendations f o r the Southeast Ramp and Esplanade Roadway are d i s cussed i n S e c t i o n I I I of t h i s r e p o r t . P a r k i n g Garage A l l Parking Garage foundations and columns a t the t r a c k l e v e l , i n c l u d i n g those w i t h i n the area of the Phase 1 Replacement S t a t i o n , a r e i n p l a c e . The Garage was designed to have s i x l e v e l s : a main l e v e l t r a n s i t deck, automobile c i r c u l a t i o n mezzanine, and four parking levels. The garage l e v e l s a r e i n v a r i o u s stages of completion. None of the connecting ramps between l e v e l s are c o n s t r u c t e d . P o r t i o n s of the p e d e s t r i a n v e r t i c a l c i r c u l a t i o n system a r e e i t h e r p a r t i a l l y completed or have not been started. The main l e v e l i s complete except f o r f i n i s h items. Although p r o v i s i o n s were made f o r f u t u r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , the automobile c i r c u l a t i o n mezzanine has not been b u i l t . The L e v e l 1 parking area i s approximately 88 percent com- * p l e t e and needs o n l y f i n i s h items. L e v e l 2 i s approximately 80 percent completed; work to be done i n c l u d e s the Northeast s e c t i o n of the deck, f i n i s h items, curbs, and grouting of c e r t a i n tendons. U n f i n i s h e d work r e p r e s e n t s approximately 20 percent of L e v e l 2. L e v e l 3 i s 60 percent complete, r e q u i r i n g only f i n i s h items. A t L e v e l 4, only t h e s t e e l t r u s s e s a r e i n place along w i t h some temporary b r a c i n g . 43 �Southeast Ramp & Esplanade Roadway P o r t i o n s of the Southeast Ramp and the Esplanade Roadway, which were designed to extend over the long-haul t r a c k s , have not been cons t r u c t e d . S i x t y percent of the Southeast Ramp remains t o be completed. Cost & Recommentations I t i s recommended t h a t the P a r k i n g Garage be completed w i t h the r e v i s e d mezzanine design which i n c r e a s e s the amount of p a r k i n g . The estimated c o s t to complete the P a r k i n g Garage, i n c l u d i n g i n t e r i o r ramps, a redesign of the mezzanine t o accommodate automobile p a r k i n g , and a l l r e l a t e d mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l work i s $12,750,000 (September 1978) or $13,050,000 (January 1979). The estimated c o s t to complete the Southeast Ramp i s $5,400,000 (September 1978) or $5,500,000 (January 1979). The estimated cost t o complete the Esplanade Roadway i s $1,440,000 (September 1978) o r $1,500,000 (January 1979). B. INFRASTRUCTURE: ORIGINAL STATION A p r e l i m i n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n of i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l problems i n the s t a t i o n was conducted as p a r t of the study. As p a r t of the survey, d e t a i l e d drawings were gathered of the major i n f r a s t r u c t u r a l elements and a d d i t i o n a l drawings were prepared f o r the s t r u c t r u a l elements of the garage and f o r mechancial and e l e c t r i c a l systems. These w i l l appear i n the Appendix t o the study. Although a more d e t a i l e d survey w i l l be r e q u i r e d t o produce a comprehensive l i s t o f a l l problem a r e a s , the f o l l o w i n g d i s c u s s i o n h i g h l i g h t s the most apparent s t r u c t u r a l , mechanical and e l e c t r i c a l condit i o n s and problems i n the s t a t i o n . 44 �Structural The p r e l i m i n a r y i n v e s t i g a t i o n i d e n t i f i e d s t r u c t u r a l problem areas on the ground l e v e l , w i t h i n the basement and on the mezzanine and t h i r d l e v e l s of the s t a t i o n . These problems are summarized below along w i t h the estimated c o s t s f o r c o r r e c t i v e improvements. These c o s t f i g u r e s include e s c a l a t i o n and c o n t i n gencies, but they exclude design and p r o j e c t management f e e s . 45 �Basement: Apparent Problem Areas Area B - l The s t r u c t u r a l supports of the through t r a i n t r a c k s a t the basement l e v e l , m a i l handling t u n n e l ramp are h e a v i l y corroded and are l o s i n g f i r e p r o o f i n g m a t e r i a l . There i s no waterproofing i n the area and the drainage system i n the t r a c k s has become i n o p e r a t i v e . The estimated c o s t to r e p l a c e or r e p a i r s t e e l f i r e p r o o f and i n s t a l l new waterproofing and a drainage system i s $350,000 (September 1978) or $360,000 (January 1979). Area B-2 E l e c t r i c a l v a u l t s i n the basement have s u f f e r e d from water damage caused by l e a k s i n the w a l l s and c e i l i n g s . Repair or r e p l a c e ment of these c e i l i n g s and w a l l w i l l cost $200,000 i n September 1978 or $210,000 i n January 1979. Area B-3 A concrete beam spanning the m a i l handling tunnel i s s e v e r e l y cracked, probably due to the load of the column d i r e c t l y above and a c l e a r a n c e problem i n the t u n n e l . I n s t a l l a t i o n of a new s t e e l span and support w i l l c o s t between $500,000 (September 1978) and $515,000 (January 1979). Area B-4 The n o r t h e a s t corner basement-level foundat i o n below the Southeast Ramp shows s i g n s of underming and i s cracked, p o s s i b l y as a r e s u l t of nearby c o n s t r u c t i o n . I t i s not known whether foundations i n t h i s area are capable of supporting h e a v i e r loads on the Southeast Ramp. I n s p e c t i o n of the foundations and necessary underpinning i s estimated to c o s t $100,000 (September 1978) or $105,000 (January 1979). Area B-5 I n t e r i o r w a l l s i n the bcsement of the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n became s e v e r e l y c r a c k e d when p r e p e n d i c u l a r b r a c i n g w a l l s were removed to c o n s t r u c t the PAVE. L a t e r a l b r a c i n g and r e p a i r or replacement of the cracked w a l l s w i l l c o s t an estimated $25,000 (September 1978) to $26,000 (January 1979). �Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Washington-Union Station Dei EUW C A T H F R / R A R S O N S Skldmoro.Owlngs ft MorrM/Archriects l?01 (~<1NM * 1> Ml A/1 Mft >IW W M l S * » i r , U » i 1)1 1*1?! 7? \ t S f S Structural Problem Areas /Basement �Ground L e v e l : Apparent Problem Areas Area 1-1 The s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l g i r d e r s and beams supp o r t i n g the north w a l l of the Concourse are h e a v i l y corroded because the supports were exposed t o weather damage when the adjacent t r a i n shed cover was removed. Replacement, i n c l u d i n g temporary b r a c i n g , i s estimated t o c o s t $1,250,000 (September ,1978) or $1,300,000 (January 1979). Area 1-2 Minor c r a c k i n g of the i n t e r i o r d r y w a l l has developed along the j o i n t s of the west w a l l of the Concourse, p o s s i b l y caused by s e t t l e ment or e x p a n s i o n / c o n t r a c t i o n as a r e s u l t of temperature changes. I f settlement has occurred, a d d i t i o n a l b r a c i n g may be r e a u i r e d ; the c o s t f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n and r e p a i r i s included i n the NEC P l a n A l t e r n a t i v e s . Area 1-3 Two g l a s s panes i n the center s e c t i o n of the Concourse e a s t w a l l have cracked. This damage may be a r e s u l t of s e t t l e m e n t , temperature changes, or improper c u t t i n g of the g l a s s . Costs f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the causes of the c r a c k i n g , replacement of the g l a s s , and, i f needed, a d d i t i o n a l b r a c i n g f o r the w a l l a r e included under Area 1-4. Area 1-4 The c r a c k i n g of p l a s t e r and stone i n the north and e a s t w a l l s of the P r e s i d e n t i a l Waiting Room appears to have been caused by settlement of the n o r t h e a s t corner. Rep a i r work could include a d d i t i o n a l b r a c i n g , grouting of stone, and r e p l a s t e r i n g ; the estimated c o s t i s $750,000 (September 1978) or $775,000 (January 1979). Area 1-5 S t r u c t u r a l s t e e l beams and g i r d e r s below the Esplanade Roadway a r e corroded and the welding between e x i s t i n g and new s t e e l may be imcompatible. T h i s area w i l l r e q u i r e f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n . Estimated costs f o r r e p a i r i n c l u d i n g p a i n t i n g and f i r e p r o o f i n g are contained i n the NEC P l a n A l t e r n a t i v e s . �Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Del EUW C A I H E R / W v n s O N S BkWmoro.OvrtigioMoTtH/ArchilecIs m i C f M A C K I i l A I I M I N W *w.»»*;l<)N o r Jlvwinn TmM • 4 V l^io Washington - Union Station I Structural Problem Areas/Ground Level I �Area 1-6 The c e i l i n g below the ground f l o o r area surrounding the PAVE i s c r a c k i n g and i t s t e r r a c o t t a f i l e i s chipping away, due botl: to o l d age and removal of t i l e i n order t o hang mechanical equipment. Reinforcement, f i r e p r o o f i n g , and grouting w i l l c o s t an estimated $350,000 (September 1978) t o $360,000 (January 1979). Area 1-7 A c e i l i n g below the Concourse has s u f f e r e d s i m i l a r damage as t h a t described i n Area 1-6 and w i l l r e q u i r e s i m i l a r r e p a i r s . The c o s t i s included i n the Area 1-6 c o s t s . Area 1-8 The i n t e r i o r west p o r t i o n of the n o r t h Concourse w a l l has developed minor c r a c k i n g i n the d r y w a l l along the j o i n t s as a r e s u l t of temperature changes. The c o s t t o r e p a i r and i n s u l a t e the w a l l i s included i n the NEC P l a n A l t e r n a t i v e s . Area 1-9 The p e d e s t r i a n bridge i n the Concourse i s connected t o the north w a l l by a moment connection and to the new parking garage by a simple connection. I f the new garage s e t t l e s , these connections may induce major problems w i t h i n the north w a l l . P r o v i s i o n of a new connection i n the north w a l l i s estimated to c o s t $125,000 i n September 1978 or $130,000 i n January 1979. Mezzanine: Apparent Problem Areas Area M-l Corrosion may have occurred i n the s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l beams i n the upper p a r t of the Concourse north w a l l . An e x p l o r a t o r y i n v e s t i gation may r e v e a l the need f o r s a n d b l a s t i n g , p a i n t i n g , and/or replacement; the estimated c o s t f o r t h i s work i s $225,000 (September 1978) or $230,000 (January 1979). Area M-2 Many areas of the p l a s t e r c e i l i n g s i n the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n and Concourse a r e cracked and d e t e r i o r a t i n g due t o water leakage and old age. R e p a i r , i n c l u d i n g an examination to determine the e x t e n t of d e t e r i o r a t i o n , i s estimated t o c o s t $1,800,000 (September 1978) or $1,900,000 (January 1979). 50 �Area M-3 The roof i n the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n l e a k s and has poor drainage. I n s t a l l a t i o n of a new r o o f i n g system w i l l c o s t an estimated $800,000 (September 1978) or $825,000 (January 1979). Third Level: Apparent Problem Areas ( i n d i c a t e d on S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas Ground L e v e l ) Area 3-1 The t h i r d f l o o r dome c e i l i n g , v i s i b l e rrom the entrance p o r t i c o i n the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n , has developed c r a c k s . Repair and r e p a i n t i n g or replacement of stone arches i s estimated to c o s t $1,000,000 i n September 1978 or $1,100,000 i n January 1979. �Northeast Corridor Improvement Project D e l E t l W CATHER/PAMSONS SfcMmore.Owlngi • MarrtlMrchiieels W l l C ' » # « ( l « H I AVI * A « NW rtAS»»I.I(lM 111 ? » K H A I / O » I W iJTV A V - Washington - Union Station I Structural Problem Areas / Mezzanine 1 �Mechanical Systems: source and supply High pressure steam i s supplied from the Washington Terminal Company's Steam P l a n t . From i t s supply l i n e along Track 2 1 , the steam i s d i s t r i b u t e d through the b u i l d i n g a t the basement l e v e l to pressure-reducing s t a t i Low pressure steam i s then r e d i s t r i b u t e d the Basement L e v e l f o r heating the b u i l d i n g ; p r o v i d i n g domestic hot water. P o r t i o n s c he high pressure and low pressure steam l i n e s and aceam condensate l i n e s have r e c e n t l y been replaced w i t h new p i p i n g . Steam and condensate r i s e r s and p i p i n g i n the t r a c k tunnel area a r e i n a d e t e r i o r a t e d c o n d i t i o n and r e q u i r e replacement. I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t the a n t i c i p a t e d steam p l a n t w i l l be d i s c o n t i n u e d , n e c e s s i t a t i n g a s u b s t i t u t e h e a t i n g source. Two options, i n t h i s case, a r e available: 1. Provide a separate b o i l e r p l a n t f o r the building. 2. Obtain steam from another source i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. I n the f i r s t option, the b o i l e r can be f u e l e d by e l e c t r i c i t y or f o s s i l f u e l s . Fossil fuels r e q u i r e removal of e f f l u e n t s i n an e n v i r o n mentally acceptable manner. Consideration must a l s o be given t o the space r e q u i r e d f o r a new b o i l e r p l a n t and the ongoing c o s t f o r operating personnel. An e l e c t r i c b o i l e r would i n c r e a s e the e l e c t r i c s e r v i c e s u b s t a n t i a l l y . Costs f o r e l e c t r i c power a r e a l s o r i s i n g . However, i f off-peak e l e c t r i c r a t e s can be obtained from the Potomac E l e c t r i c Power Company, off-peak storage could be considered. Since heating c o i l s as w e l l as convectors a r e now designed to use steam, o f f peak storage would r e q u i r e an a d d i t i o n a l and unnecessary expense of c o n v e r t i n g a l l heating elements t o hot water. Steam from the C a p i t o l H i l l s'-eam p l a n t appears to be a v a i l a b l e both from the C i t y Post O f f i c e b u i l d i n g to the west of Union S t a t i o n and from the R u s s e l l - D i r k s e n Senate O f f i c e B u i l d i n g to the South on F i r s t S t r e e t . 53 �At t h i s time, i t i s recommended t h a t a connection to D i s t r i c t steam a t the C i t y Post O f f i c e b u i l d i n g be considered as the p r e f e r able source of he *:. T h i s recommendation w i l l be reviewed a f t e r s t u d i e s being conducted f o r the N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e are completed. The e x i s t i n g HVAC system i s g e n e r a l l y i n good cond i t i o n and i s adequate f o r e x i s t i n g and f u t u r e needs. The Main H a l l and PAVE, i n c l u d i n g i t s p r o j e c t i o n a r e a , are provided w i t h a i r condit i o n i n g from a i r handling u n i t s Nos. 6, 7 and 8 l o c a t e d i n the basement mechanical equipment room. The H a l l of S t a t e s i s provided w i t h heat and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g from a i r handling u n i t #5 l o c a t e d a t the West Wing Mezzanine. -3 The Concourse i s heated by u n i t v e n t i l a t o r s on the north w a l l and on the e a s t and west ends of the r a i s e d f l o o r p l a t f o r m . V e n t i l a t i o n o n l y i s provided by a i r handling u n i t #10 l o c a t e d i n the basement. The underside of the p l a t f o r m i s used as a plenum f o r supplying a i r d i s t r i bution to l i n e a r d i f f u s e r s a t the base of the platform. The food concession i s provided w i t h heat and a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g from a i r handling u n i t #9 l o c a t e d i n the basement. The food concession a l s o has three exhaust systems: t o i l e t exhaust, hood exhaust, and k i t c h e n v e n t i l a t i o n . C h i l l e d water f o r the above u n i t s i s r e c e i v e d from a 384-ton c a p a c i t y c e n t r i f u g a l r e f r i g e r a t i o n machine l o c a t e d i n the basement mechanical room. A 700-ton c o a l i n g tower l o c a t e d on the roof provides condenser water. A i r handling systems (#1 t h r u #9) served by t h i s p l a n t only r e q u i r e 346 tons, l e a v i n g 38 tons of r e f r i g e r a t i o n a v a i l a b l e f o r other uses. Another e l e c t r i c a l l y d r i v e n c h i l l e d water p l a n t (with a c a p a c i t y of 165 tons of r e f r i g e r a t i o n ) i s l o c a t e d a t the west end of the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n . A l l of t h i s equipment was r e c e n t l y i n s t a l l e d as p a r t of the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center c o n v e r s i o n . The t h i r d f l o o r Lounge and Audio/Visual Laborat o r y occupied by the N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e were r e c e n t l y provided w i t h a 7-1/2-ton s p l i t system. Three e x i s t i n g s p l i t a i r - c o o l e d a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g systems now s e r v i n g other N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e areas on the second and t h i r d f l o o r s of the E a s t Wing do not appear to have an a n t i c i p a t e d 54 �f u t u r e l i f e span of 15 y e a r s and, t h e r e f o r e , should be replaced w i t h new roof top equipment. The upper f l o o r s of the b u i l d i n g u t i l i z e c a s t i r o n r a d i a t i c n f o r h e a t i n g . I n the second f l o o r area occupied by the National Park S e r v i c e the o r i g i n a l c a s t i r o n r a d i a t o r s have been replaced w i t h c a s t i r o n baseboard r a d i a tion. The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n has i t s own c h i l l e d water p l a n t l o c a t e d i n a mechanical equipment room i n the m a i l loading a r e a . Two multizone u n i t s l o c a t e d above the c e i l i n g i n the baggage room provide heating and a i r cond i t i o n i n g . A supplementary s p l i t system provides a d d i t i o n a l c o o l i n g f o r the t i c k e t s e l l i n g a r e a . The food concession area has i t s own a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g system. Plumbing The e x i s t i n g s a n i t a r y system i s old but funct i o n i n g . The basement and f i r s t f l o o r domestic c o l d water p i p i n g system i s fed from mains i n the basement. Booster pumps have e l i m i n a t e d the need f o r the s i x r o o f - l e v e l water storage t a n k s ; however, then upper f l o o r s are s t i l l s u p p l i e d by a down-feed system. New water h e a t e r s f o r the domestic hot water storage were provided r e c e n t l y and w i l l be capable of s e r v i n g the proposed f u n c t i o n s . Since the s a n i t a r y and water p i p i n g systems do not have a f u t u r e l i f e span of 15 y e a r s , these systems should be replaced when the new t o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s are provided. E l e c t r i c a l Systems: Service The dual 13.2KV underground s e r v i c e provided by Potomac E l e c t r i c Power Company i s a primary s e l e c t i v e system c o n s i s t i n g of two 15KV s e r v i c e b r e a k e r s : one f o r the loads described below and one f o r the parking garage s e r v i c e and d i s t r i b u t i o n system l o c a t e d 700 f e e t north of the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n . There i s a l s o one 15KV normally open t i e c i r c u i t breaker. Should one of che two s e r v i c e s f a i l , the t i e breaker w i l l be c l o s e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y to assure s e r v i c e c o n t i n u i t y to the f a c i l i t y . The e x i s t ing e l e c t r i c meter, s w i t c h i n g and transformer i n s t a l l a t i o n w i l l be maintained. Distribution From one of the two 15KV s e r v i c e s , 15KV feeders extend to two fused s w i t c h e s . One u n i t s e r v e s 55 �a 750-KVA u n i t s u b s t a t i o n l o c a t e d i n the basement mechanical room. T h i s transformer and d i s t r i b u t i o n system w i l l be maintained. The 750-KVA t r a n s f o r m e r / 4 8 0 - v o l t secondary serves the a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g needs of the H a l l of S t a t e s , PAVE, N a t i o n a l Book S t o r e , T h e a t r e s , and food concession. The other u n i t s e r v e s a 1500-KVA transformer l o c a t e d i n the meter and d i s t r i b u t i o n room on 1st S t r e e t . The 1500-KVA transformer has a secondary v o l t a g e of 2.4KV. T h i s transformer s e r v e s two 5KV fused switches which i n t u r n serve l i g h t i n g and power v i a transformer v a u l t s 1 through 9 and 18 l o c a t e d i n the basement. V a u l t s 1 , 2A, 3 and 18 a r e served by a s i n g l e 2.4KV feeder. Components of the d i s t r i b u t i o n system v a r y i n age — some a r e new and others a r e as much as 65 y e a r s o l d . Therefore, they a r e i n v a r i o u s degrees of d i s r e p a i r and s e r v i c e c a p a c i t y . The high v o l t a g e (2.4KV) d i s t r i b u t i o n feeder system throughout the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center w i l l be r e p l a c e d i n i t s e n t i r e t y and w i l l cons i s t of 5KV c a b l e s i n s t e e l conduits and r e l a t ed p u l l boxes. A l l secondary d i s t r i b u t i o n , power and l i g h t i n g panels w i l l be r e p l a c e d as w e l l as r e l a t e d f e e d e r s . These panels w i l l be of the c i r c u i t breaker type. Replacement of v a r i o u s branch c i r c u i t s s e r v i n g l i g h t i n g , motorized equipment and r e c e p t a c l e s i s not i n c l u d e d . The Panels s e r v i n g the Theaters and Book S t o r e , and panels and t r a n s f o r m e r s s e r v ing the PAVE, w i l l be maintained. Transformer V a u l t s There a r e twelve transformer v a u l t s w i t h a p p r o x i mately 33 t r a n s f o r m e r s s e r v i n g the needs of the NVC. Secondary v o l t a g e s a r e 209VAC, 220VAC, 240VAC and 460VAC. The transformers v a r y i n type — wye or d e l t a connected, supplying s i n g l e phase, three phase, and three phase, four w i r e . Many of the t r a n s f o r m e r s serve approximately 4 0 e l e c t r i c c l o s e t s throughout the NVC. The e l e c t r i c c l o s e r i s of the l i v e buss (open), fused k n i f e disconnect s w i t c h type. Transformer v a u l t s 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 serve NVC and r a i l f a c i l i t y e l e c t r i c loads which a r e connected t o the NVC e l e c t r i c meter. 56 �Transformer v a u l t s #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 18 w i l l be replaced. Transformer v a u l t s 7 and 17 a r e temporary due to t e r m i n a t i o n of Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n c o n s t r u c t i o n . These v a u l t s serve r a i l f a c i l i t i e s and w i l l be r e l o c a t e d to conform w i t h the new s t a t i o n plan. Transformer v a u l t s 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 serve both NVC and r a i l f a c i l i t i e s . The e l e c t r i c loads s e r v i n g the r a i l f a c i l i t i e s w i l l be r e moved from these v a u l t s and connected to t h e r a i l f a c i l i t i e s s e r v i c e system. Transformer v a u l t s w i l l be replaced w i t h u n i t s u b s t a t i o n s c o n s i s t i n g of high voltage s w i t c h e s , dry type transformers and secondary d i s t r i b u t i o n boards. These s u b s t a t i o n s w i l l be b u i l t a d j a cent t o e x i s t i n g v a u l t s and switched over one a t a time t o serve t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e loads. The s u b s t a t i o n s w i l l not r e q u i r e a room, but w i l l r e q u i r e a perimeter fence. Since the e x i s t i n g system l a c k s r e l i a b i l i t y and i s s u b j e c t to f a i l u r e a t any time, replacement of the b u i l d i n g s e l e c t r i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n system i s recommended. Roofs and Drainage A number of d e f i c i e n c i e s i n the r o o f i n g and roof drainage system were c i t e d i n the "Roofing System Survey" prepared f o r the Department of the I n t e r i o r i n May, 19 77, by the WKR P a r t n e r s h i p . D e f i c i e n c i e s c i t e d i n c l u d e the inadequate number and s i z e of roof d r a i n s , l a c k of roof i n s u l a t i o n , d e t e r i o r a t i n g b u i l t - u p r o o f i n g membrane, and d e t e r i o r a t i n g s e a l a n t f o r exposed metal f l a s h i n g . I t i s recommended t h a t these and other d e f i c i e n c i e s be c o r r e c t e d by measures d i s c u s s e d i n t h e May 19 77 study. Code Compliance C o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l probably be governed by t h e D i s t r i c t of Columbia B u i l d i n g Code. The a p p l i cable use-group c l a s s i f i c a t i o n F-3 Assembly r e q u i r e s c o n s t r u c t i o n w i t h a minimum of 2-hour f i r s r e s i s t a n c e . Code d e f i c i e n c i e s which must be c o r r e c t e d i n c l u d e a d e t e r i o r a t i n g and pres e n t l y i n o p e r a t i v e standpipe system and a l a c k of s p r i n k l e r s i n the basement. The cost t o upgrade the s t a t i o n f o r compliance w i t h f i r e r e s i s t i v e requirements or egress requirements, the c o s t f o r adding a dry type s p r i n k l e r system i n the basement, and the c o s t f o r r e l o a d i n g the standpipe system a r e a l l included i n the base b u i l d i n g renovation c o s t . 57 �Temporary C o r r e c t i v e Measures Background when the stop-work order was i s s u e d f o r work on the Parking Garage, Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n , and the Southeast Ramp i n September 1976, c e r t a i n p r o v i s i o n s were included to make the p a r t i a l l y completed s t r u c t u r e s s a f e . These make-safe measures, undertaken a t t h e time as p a r t of the stop work order, were not intended to be, and i n f a c t are not, long term or permanent. At the present time i t seems u n l i k e l y t h a t cons t r u c t i o n w i l l resume before September, 1978. Because o f the length o f time which w i l l have elapsed between the i n s t a l l a t i o n of ttOk makes a f e measures and t h e resumption of c o n s t r u c cion, i t i s reasonable t o a n t i c i p a t e t h a t c e r t a i n problems may a r i s e w i t h r e s p e c t t o the s a f e t y and s t a b i l i t y of v a r i o u s areas of the p a r t i a l l y completed s t r u c t u r e s . P a r k i n g Garage and Southeast Ramp I n order t o a l l o w f u t u r e c o n s t r u c t i o n t o proceed without i n c r e a s e d c o s t s , steps must be taken t o c u r t a i l f u r t h e r d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f the Parking Garage and Southeast Ramp. An in-depth study to determine necessary c o r r e c t i v e measures would take approximately four months, i n c l u d i n g r e q u i r e d t e s t s by independent l a b o r a t o r i e s , and would c o s t an estimated $50,000 t o $75,000. Depending on r e s u l t s o f the study, c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s f o r these measures are estimated to be i n the range of $100,000 t o $1,200,000. However, i f the r e p a i r procedures are not pursued a t t h i s time, i n c r e a s e d c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t f o r completing the s t r u c t u r e s would range from $1,000,000 t o $3,000,000, depending on the degrees of f u r t h e r deterioration. Infrastructure C o r r e c t i v e steps must a l s o be taken i n the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n to r e s o l v e the immediate problems i d e n t i f i e d i n the i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a n a l y s i s i n S e c t i o n H . B . to i n s u r e i t s s t r u c t u r a l s a f e t y . The t e s t i n g measures t o e v a l u a t e the b u i l d i n g and the design o f temporary procedures would take from one t o three months t o complete and could be provided a t a c o s t of from $25,000 t o $250,000. The p r o v i s i o n o f t h e necessary temporary supplemental support systems would probably c o s t between $500,000 and $2,000,000. These procedures are p u r e l y temporary and must be r e p l a c e d a t a l a t e r date by permanent r e p a i r a c t i v i t i e s . The determination of permanent s o l u t i o n s t o the v a r i o u s problems now known. 58 �Washington - Union Station Ground Level Existing Conditions �JE NECIP ALTERNATIVES A. BUILDING PLAN ALTERNATIVES I n t h i s study, four a l t e r n a t i v e b u i l d i n g p l a n s , each i d e n t i f i e d f o r i t s c a p a c i t y to meet the programmatic requirements of i n t e r c i t y r a i l and to r e t a i n major components of the National V i s i t o r Center f a c i l i t i e s , were defined and evaluated. These a l t e r n a t i v e s d i f f e r w i t h r e s p e c t t o (1) the l o c a t i o n of primary passenger processing f u n c t i o n s and (2) the e x t e n t of use of the Replacement Station. I n t h i s s e c t i o n these four a l t e r n a t i v e s a r e described and the major advantages and d i s advantages of each i d e n t i f i e d . Alternative 1 I n A l t e r n a t i v e 1 , the West Wing and western h a l f of the Concourse a r e reclaimed f o r r a i l t i c k e t i n g and baggage, and f o r w a i t i n g and p u b l i c s e r v i c e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . The r e p l a c e ment s t a t i o n i s remodeled f o r queuing and operations. Phase I I of the Replacement S t a t i o n (access and s t a g i n g f o r the lower l e v e l through t r a c k s ) i s not constructed; i n s t e a d p a r t of the e a s t e r n p o r t i o n of the Concourse i s used f o r long-haul w a i t i n g and queuing. T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e , as w e l l as A l t e r n a t i v e 4, provides a space e f f i c i e n t program for meeting the 1990 r a i l needs. Major Components Advantages Disadvantages R a i l functions are l o c a t e d i n the West Wing and Concourse and i n the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n . A l t e r n a t i v e 1 has the second lowest construction cost. A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 and 3 r e q u i r e the longest walk t o t r a i n s from Columbus P l a z a , Metror a i l and the Parking Garage. The long-haul w a i t ing a r e a i s l o c a t e d i n the Concourse. NVC occupies the AVE, E a s t Wing, and a major p o r t i o n of the Concourse. Orientation i from Columbus and M e t r o r a i l t i c k e t i n g and s clear Plaza to trains. R a i l f u n c t i o n s extend continuously from the main entrance to the trains. A l t e r n a t i v e 1 presents only s l i g h t l y lower maintenance and operations c o s t s than A l t e r n a t i v e 3. 60 �Northeast Corridor ImprcArement Project Del EUW CATHf R/PAPfONS 8kk*nore.O«rkigs4MerTTl/Archrtects t3fv n w t K i n «/lu« N W w w i i m m : I T O I H I M ?003e I?.I?I4'^ «..*in Washington-Union Station Alternative 1 CZZ1 �Advantages Disadvantages Alternative 1 u t i l i zes space e f f i c i e n t l y ; efficiency ration i s 1.06. Major Components Shared use of Concourse r e s u l t s i n problems of u n i f i e d architectural treatment. Ticketing/baggage a r e i n close proximity to the main entrance. The Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n i s not required. Potential exists for equal exposure of r a i l and i n t e r c i t y bus. Alternative 2 R a i l functions are separated i n t o two b u i l d i n g s and a r e dispersed over a large physical area; the HSR w a i t i n g area i s i s o l a t e d from the queuing area and the trains. A l t e r n a t i v e 2 p l a c e s a l l r a i l uses i n the Concourse and the remodeled Replacement S t a t i o n . T i c k e t i n g , baggage, w a i t i n g , conc e s s i o n s , and s e r v i c e s a r e accommodated i n the Concourse w h i l e queuing, a long-haul boarding lounge, and operations a r e l o c a t e d i n the Replacement S t a t i o n . The NVC r e t a i n s both the E a s t and West Wings and the PAVE. Phase I I of the Replacement S t a t i o n i s not b u i l t . T h i s l a t e r n a t i v e f u r n i s h e s 24% more space than i s c a l l e d f o r i n the s t a t i o n program. Major Components Advantages Disadvantages R a i l functions are l o c a t e d i n the Concourse and Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n . E n t i r e Concourse i s r a i l - r e l a t e d allowing unified architectural development A l t e r n a t i v e 2 has the second h i g h e s t construction cost. Access t o r a i l funct i o n s i s through the Main H a l l t o the Concourse. Walking d i s t a n c e to ticketing/baggage and t r a i n s from the parking garage i s l e a s t of any a l t e r native. NVC occupies the PAVE and E a s t and West Wings of Union tation. The Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n i s not O r i e n t a t i o n from Columbus P l a z a and Metrorail to t i c k e t ing and t r a i n s i s not c l e a r or d i r e c t . R a i l f u n c t i o n s do not extend continuously from the main entrance to the t r a i n s . �Northeast Corridor ImrxcA/ement Project DeLEUW GATHER/PARSONS SkMmore.OwlnpaaMenll/Architecis ixvwran Washington-Union Station H Alternative 2 �Advantages Disadvantages A l t e r n a t i v e 2 has lower c o s t s (maintenance and operations) than A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 and 3. Major Components A l t e r n a t i v e 2 does not u t i l i z e space efficiently; efficiency r a t i o i s 1.24. Ticketing/baggage are not i n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o the main entrance. R a i l functions are separated i n t o two b u i l d i n g s ; the HSR w a i t i n g area i s i s o l a t e d from the queuing area and trains. Support areas f o r t i c k e t i n g may necc e s s i t a t e construct i o n of a mezzanine i n the Concourse, interrupting i t s form, or of an a d d i t i o n to the Concourse . Potential e x i s t for posure of intercity Alternative 3 does not equal exr a i l and bus. A l t e r n a t i v e 3 p l a c e s r a i l t i c k e t i n g and baggage f u n c t i o n s i n the West Wing and w a i t i n g , concessions and p u b l i c s e r v i c e s i n the west h a l f of the Concourse. The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s remodeled and Phase I I i s completed f o r queuing, a boarding lounge, and support uses. A l t e r n a t i v e 3 p r o v i d e s 2 1 % more space than i s needed t o f u l f i l l program requirements. 64 �RaH Areai: Wast Wing. Waat ConcoQae. * Replacement Station Phhies 1 A 2. Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Dotf UW O T H E R / PARSONS SkMmorw.Owtoo> * Matial/Aich»»cla I JOT ?M B'l W <l»##C 'mi 41H» N* WaV»«>*nTT»* OC 70030 (JO?i4S? N* *> Washington-Union Station Alternative 3 �Major Components Advantages Disadvantages R a i l functions are l o c a t e d i n the West Wing and Concourse of t h e H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n and Phase I and I I Replacement Station. O r i e n t a t i o n from Columbus P l a z a and M e t r o r a i l to t i c k e t i n g and t r a i n s i s . clear. R a i l f u n c t i o n s extend continuously from the main entrance to the t r a i n s . A l t e r n a L i v e 3 has the highest cons t r u c t i o n cost and r e q u i r e s construct i o n of the Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n . NVC occupies the PAVE, E a s t Wing and h a l f of h e Concourse. Ticketing/baggage, are i n c l o s e proxi m i t y t o the main entrance. u Potential exists for equal exposure of r a i l and i n t e r c i t y bus. A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 and 3 r e q u i r e the longest walk t o t r a i n s from Columbus *>laza, M e t r o r a i l and the Parking Garage. A l t e r n a t i v e 3 presents the g r e a t e s t maintenance and operations c o s t s . Shared use of Concourse r e s u l t s i n problems of u n i f i e d architectural treatment. R a i l functions are separated ii.to two b u i l d i n g s ; the HSR w a i t i n g area i s i s o l a ted from the queuing area and the t r a i n s . Alternative 4 I n A l t e r n a t i v e 4, r a i l t i c k e t i n g and baggage are located i n the West Wing. The Concourse contains w a i t i n g , concessions, queuing and p u b l i c s e r v i c e s . The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s removed and the t r a c k s extended south. NVC a c t i v i t i e s a r e r e t a i n e d i n the E a s t Wing and PAVE. T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e e f f i c i e n t l y f u l f i l l s the space requirements d i c t a t e d by the s t a t i o n program. 66 �RaH ATOM: West Wing ft Concourse! Northeast Corridor Improvement Project WasraTXTton - Union StatJon DeLEUW GATHER / PARSONS Skldmoro, Owing* O*mtCCl SOefIU aMnVrltcs eaAcret NW wismGiiwni I*>?I??I JOOM I?II/'*V • « ^10 Alternative 4 �Major Components Advantages Disadvantages R a i l functions are l o c a t e d i n the West Wing and Concourse of t h e Main S t a t i o n . A l t e r n a t i v e 4 has L l i ^ lowest c o n s t r u c t i o n cost. Alternative 4 requires removal of already constructed space i n the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n . The Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i s t o be removed t o a l l o w the HSR t r a c k s t o be r e l o c a t e d next to the Concourse. NVC occupies the PAVE and E a s t Wing. O r i e n t a t i o n and d i r e c t from Columbus P l a z a and Metror a i l to t i c k e t i n g and trains i s clear. R a i l f u n c t i o n s extend continuously from the main entrance to the trains. Alternative 4 u t i l i z e s space e f f i c i e n t l y ; efficiency ratio i s 1.07. Ticketing/baggage are i n c l o s e p r o x i mity to main entrance. Alternative 4 requires the s h o r t e s t average walk to t r a i n s from Columbus P l a z a , M e t r o r a i l , and the Parking Garage. R a i l f u n c t i o n s are included i n one b u i l d ing and a r e c l o s e l y located. A l t e r n a t i v e 1 presents the lowest maintenance and operation c o s t s . E n t i r e Concourse i s r a i l - r e l a t e d allowing unified architectural development. The Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n i s not required. Potential exists for equal exposure of r a i l and i n t e r c i t y bus. 68 �Other L e v e l s E x i s t i n g Use and Planned NEC Use Use of f l o o r space on other s t a t i o n l e v e l s i s n e a r l y i d e n t i c a l f o r a l l four a l t e r n a tives. R a i l f u n c t i o n s l o c a t e d i n the basement i n c l u d e HSR operations (baggage, c l e a n i n g f a c i l i t i e s , and s t a t i o n p o l i c e ) and b u i l d i n g maintenance and d e l i v e r y . Other basement space i s occupied by the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center, loading dock a r e a , and major mecha n i c a l and e l e c t r i c a l equipment. A l t e r n a t i v e 4 r e q u i r e s use of the West Wing of the second f l o o r f o r NEC Terminal a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . The N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e occupies a l l of the E a s t Wing of _ne second f l o o r and shares the t h i r d and f o u r t h f l o o r E a s t Wings w i t h the YMCA. The West Wing of the f o u r t h f l o o r i s e s s e n t i a l l y unusable space. Mechanical/ I n order t o accommodate any of the four a l t e r E l e c t r i c a l Modin a t i v e s , v a r i o u s m o d i f i c a t i o n s must be made f i c a t i o n s f o r t h e to the HVAC, plumbing and e l e c t r i c a l systems. Alternatives These improvements a r e i n a d d i t i o n to and g e n e r a l l y dependent on the i n f r a s t r u c t u r e improvements on the previous s e c t i o n . HVAC The West Wing f u n c t i o n s , as r e q u i r e d i n A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 , 3, and 4, can be accommodated w i t h the e x i s t i n g HVAC equipment, w i t h changes i n the a i r d i s t r i b u t i o n as r e q u i r e d . New Concourse f u n c t i o n s i n a l l four a l t e r n a t i v e s w i l l be supplied from the e x i s t i n g a i r handling system Nc. 10, w i t h the a d d i t i o n o f c o o l i n g c o i l s rnd temperature c o n t r o l s . However, f o r A l t e r n a t i v e 2, increased cooling c a p a c i t y i s r e q u i r e d i n the Concourse. Chilled water f o r the necessary r e f r i g e r a t i o n w i l l be provided from e x i s t i n g c h i l l e r p l a n t s . A i r d i s t r i b u t i o n w i l l be modified t o accommodate new l a y o u t s . For A l t e r n a t i v e s 1 , 2, and 3 the Replacement S t a t i o n w i l l be served by the e x i s t i n g HVAC systems as a t p r e s e n t , w i t h m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o the d i s t r i b u t i o n system a s r e q u i r e d . A l t e r n a t i v e 3 r e q u i r e s completion of the HVAC systems f o r the Phase I I Replacement S t a t i o n . With the demolition of the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n i n A l t e r n a t i v e 4, 69 �the e x i s t i n g 160-ton c h i l l e r w i l l remain to provide cooling c a p a c i t y f o r Terminal Admini s t r a t i o n on the second f l o o r and R a i l Operations north of the Concourse, as w e l l as p r o " i ^ e a d d i t i o n a l Concourse c o o l i n g . Plumbing I n a l l four a l t e r n a t i v e s , s a n i t a r y and water p i p i n g w i l l be replaced when new t o i l e t f a c i l i t i e s are provided. Under A l t e r n a t i v e 4 compressed a i r systems s e r v i n g t r a c k s 8 through 20 must be extended southward to new t e r m i n a l p o i n t s . Electrical New l i g h t i n g , power, telephone and f i r e alarm systems w i l l be provided f o r a l l four a l t e r n a t i v e s as r e q u i r e d f o r a complete opera t i n g system. L i g h t i n g i n the Main H a l l and E a s t and West Wings w i l l remain and be supplemented as necessary to accommodate new a r c h i t e c t u r a l requirements. L i g h t i n g i n the Concourse area and basement w i l l be r e v i s e d . Under A l t e r n a t i v e 4, major demolition and m o d i f i c a t i o n s to the e l e c t r i c a l system w i l l be provided f o r removal of the Phase I Replacement S t a t i o n and e x t e n s i o n of the t r a c k system. Catenary m o d i f i c a t i o n s w i l l be prov i d e d as a separate item of work. Summary of Costs f o r NECIP P l a n Alternatives The f o l l o w i n g summarizes the c o s t s f o r the four a l t e r n a t i v e p l a n s : Construction S t a r t September, 197 8 Alternative Alternative Alternative Alternative 1 2 3 4 Construction S t a r t January, 197 9 $11,000,000 $11,350,000 $12,900,000 $ 9,050,000 $11,150,000 $11,500,000 $13,050,000 $ 9,450,000 70 �Recommendation A l t e r n a t i v e 4 o f f e r s tremendous advantages over any other option f o r the Union S t a t i o n / N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center complex. I t c o s t s l e s s to implement and l e s s to operate than any other a l t e r n a t i v e . By r e s t o r i n g t r a c k heads to t h e i r o r i g i n a l l o c a t i o n , i t i n c r e a s e s o p e r a t i o n a l f l e x i b i l i t y and platform capac i t y w h i l e decreasing passenger walking d i s t a n c e s . Alone among the o p t i o n s , i t prov i d e s the passenger an e a s i l y p e r c e i v e d , d i r e c t and unencumbered pathway from Columbus P l a z a and Metro to the t r a i n s . For these reasons, the implementation of t h i s P r e f e r r e d Concept f o r the o v e r a l l b u i l d i n g p l a n , and thus the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of the permanent r a i l r o a d f a c i l i t y w i t h i n d i r e c t s i g h t and easy reach of the C a p i t o l , i s recommended. 71 �B. S I T E ACCESS ALTERNATIVES The r e s t o r a t i o n of r a i l passenger s e r v i c e s to the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n w i l l d r a m a t i c a l l y a f f e c t the r o u t i n g of t r a f f i c i n and around the s t a t i o n complex from t h a t planned i n the NVC program. I t w i l l move the c h i e f a r r i v a l p o i n t f o r s t a t i o n t r a f f i c 400 f e e t southward to the Main P o r t i c o and Columbus P l a z a r a t h e r than the planned Esplanade Roadway. I t w i l l render pick-up and drop-off areas planned f o r the Replacement S t a t i o n incongruous w i t h i n the new sequence of passenger p r o c e s s i n g . L a s t l y , i t c a l l s f o r an e v a l u a t i o n of the incomplete i n f r a s t r u c t u r e of NVC roadways f o r p o s s i b l e i n c o n s i s t e n c y w i t h more r t ^ e n t developments and program requirements. The d e l e t i o n of i n t e r c i t y bus and the decrease i n N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n the h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n a l s o r e o r i e n t s c u r r e n t t r a f f i c planning. The garage w i l l become p r i m a r i l y a r a i l r o a d support f a c i l i t y . The H S t r e e t Viaduct w i l l , without c o n s t r u c t i o n of the E a s t Parking Garage, be o v e r s i z e d f o r any r o l e w i t h i n the scope of present t r a f f i c requirements. Metrobus, the Southeast Ramp, and use of the t r a n s i t deck form a t h i r d s e t of i s s u e s t h a t must be reanalyzed. Metrobus i s i n the process of r e o r g a n i z i n g i t s r o u t i n g as a feeder system to M e t r o r a i l . The t r a n s i t deck i s intended as a major interchange p o i n t . However, f u l l use of the t r a n s i t deck was p r e d i c a t e d on comp l e t i o n of the Southeast Ramp. R i s i n g c o s t s have put an unexpected premimum on any such plans f o r completion, due to the d i f f i c u l t i e s of b u i l d i n g over the l i v e r a i l r o a d . Complet i o n of the l a s t 300 f e e t of t h i s roadway i s estimated to c o s t over 4.5 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s . Alternative Site Circulation Schemes Three a l t e r n a t i v e schemes have been considered f o r t h i s r e p o r t : an a l t e r n a t i v e i n which t h e r e i s no f u r t h e r ramp c o n s t r u c t i o n , a s o l u t i o n which completes the Southeast Ramp as planned, ^nd a new c o n f i g u r a t i o n which i n c o r p o r a t e s a modified Southeast Ramp i n t o a broader c o n t e x t of t r a f f i c o b j e c t i v e s . 72 �Alternative A T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e completes the garage to four l e v e l s o f long term parking and a mezzanine l e v e l of s h o r t term parking. The Southe a s t Ramp i s abandoned. The Southwest Ramp i s made two way f o r Metrobus operations s e r v i n g the t r a n s i t deck. Garage access i s l i m i t e d t o the H S t r e e t Ramp. T a x i and auto drop-off and pick-up occur i n Columbus P l a z a , along w i t h boarding and a l i g h t i n g f o r Tourmobiles and through buses. Although many v a r i a t i o n t o the use of t h e f a c i l i t i e s as they p r e s e n t l y e x i s t a r e p o s s i b l e , t h i s v a r i a t i o n causes the l e a s t d i s l o c a t i o n to presnet Metrobus r o u t i n g . Alternative B The Southeast Ramp i s completed by a connect i o n along the north s i d e of the Concourse t o the T r a n s i t Deck, and i t i s used f o r Metrobus i n g r e s s . The Southwest Ramp converts to oneway operation s e r v i n g bus and auto egress from the t r a n s i t deck and garage. Auto i n g r e s s to the garage i s v i a H S t r e e t o n l y . T a x i and auto drop o f f occur i n Columbus P l a z a . T h i s s o l u t i o n conforms most c l o s e l y to the NVC t r a f f i c plan. Alternative C An e l e v a t e d roadway i s c o n s t r u c t e d along the e a s t s i d e of the s t a t i o n complex p a r a l l e l to the through t r a c k s ; i t connects K S t r e e t to a p o r t i o n of t h e Southeast Ramp already b u i l t . The Southwest Ramp s e r v e s as i n g r e s s f o r buses and automobile t o t h e t r a n s i t deck and garage. Buses s t i l l may enter the t r a n s i t deck v i a H S t r e e t , and a l l buses have the option of u s i n g Columbus P l a z a . Autos a l s o may enter the garage from H S t r e e t . A l l buses and autos e x i t v i a H S t r e e t . The new E a s t Roadway (one-way Southbound) s e r v e s as a major approach as w e l l as a r e t u r n route from the garage to t h e f r o n t of t h e s t a t i o n . E S t r e e t i s r e c o n f i g u r e d t o serve s t a t i o n t r a f f i c e x i t i n g t o the e a s t of t h e s t a t i o n . T a x i and auto drop-off/pick-up occur a t the f r o n t of the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n i n Columbus P l a z a . 73 �C i r c u a l t i o n Scheme C a l s o showa a new t a x i ramp which a l l o w s t a x i queuing to occur along the e a s t s i d e of the s t a t i o n . T h i s t a x i ramp may be added t o Schemes A and b, on the condit i o n t h a t c e r t a i n r e l a t e d a l t e r a t i o n s a r e made a t the e a s t e r n edge of Columbus P l a z a . I n the absence of t h i s t a x i ramp, t a x i s w i l l probably queue along F S t r e e t , so t h a t t h e i r approach t o the s t a t i o n would c o n f l i c t w i t h access to the Southeast Ramp i n Scheme B. v The a l t e r n a t i v e c i r c u l a t i o n schemse have e n analyzed according to the t r a f f i c i s s u e s the d i f f e r e n t modes using the s t a t i o n , summary, A l t e r n a t i v e A ignores many of t c o n s i d e r a t i o n s of access which a r e fundamental to good s t a t i o n c i r c u l a t i o n . I t i s e s p e c i a l l y inadequate w i t h r e s p e c t to garage a c c e s s . L a s t l y , i t leads to an i n f l e x i b i l i t y of approach and departure r o u t e s which causes s t a t i o n t r a f f i c to be p a r t i c u l a r l y v u l n e r a b l e to whatever s t r e s s e s develop i n the surrounding s t r e e t system. A l t e r n a t i v e B a l s o does not s a t i s f y the requirements of s t a t i o n c i r c u l a t i o n . I t r e q u i r e s completion of an expensive bridge over l i v e r a i l f o r e x c l u s i v e t r a n s i t purposes and ignores another, wider bridge (the H S t r e e t v i a d u c t ) b u i l d over l i v e r a i l only a few f e e t to the north of the t r a n s i t deck. I t i n c r e a s e s the needs of auto c i r c u l a t i o n and t a x i queuing and f a i l s t o s o l v e some s e r i o u s problems of p e d e s t r i a n c i r c u l a t i o n t o , from and on the T r a n s i t Deck. I t shares w i t h Scheme A an i n f l e x i b i l i t y of approach which makes i t p a r t i c u l a r l y v u l n e r a b l e t o those s t r e s s e s which may develop i n the surrounding s t r e e t system. A l t e r n a t i v e C meets the requirements of s t a t i o n c i r c u l a t i o n and a l l o w s f l e x i b i l i t y of r o u t i n g . T h i s scheme u n i t e s \ Massachusetts Avenue, ColumP l a z a , the t r a n s i t dec, and the garage i n t o a u n i f i e d c i r c u l a t i o n network w i t h maximum f l e x i b i l i t y f o r bus, auto, t a x i and p e d e s t r i a n movement. I t provides maximum choice f o r garage access and c o r r e c t s an u n d e s i r a b l e p a t t e r n of i n t e r n a l garage c i r c u l a t i o n . I t a l l o w s f o r bus and Tourmobile i n Columbus P l a z a . L a s t l y , Scheme C e l i m i n a t e s serious 74 �p o t e n t i a l c o n f l i c t s between bus and bus parton w h i l e u n i f y i n g p e d e s t r i a n movement from the t r a n s i t deck and garage to the c e n t e r of the H i s t o r i c S t a t i o n complex. 75 �Scheme A Scheme B Scheme C E Street Configuraion E S t r e e t remains u n a f f e c t e d and unutilized E S t r e e t remains u n a f f e c t e d and unutilized Approach Flexibility No f l e x i b i l i t y of approach from west (60% of traffic) No f l e x i b i l i t y of approach from west (60% o f traffic) Traffic Impacts Congestion i n * Columbus P l a z a and l o c a l s t r e e t s Congestion i n Columbus P l a z a and l o c a l s t r e e t s Taxi Queuing Inadequate p r o v i s Inadequate p r o v i s - •Generous p r o v i s i o n i o n f o r t a x i queuing ion f o r t a x i queuing f o r t a x i queuing Curbside Capacity Inadequate curbside capacity f o r drop-off and p i c k up Curb adequate f o r Adequate c u r b s i d e f o . pick-up, and dropp i c k - u p , drop-off o f f , without queuing on s i t e Traffic Impacts Unacceptable 1990 congestion: Mass. Are. a t SE corner of P l a z a C i r c l e Unacceptable 1990 Mass. Ave. a t SE corner of P l a z a Circle 1990 congestion r e l i e v e d ; Mass. Ave. a t SE corner o f Plaza Circle Metrobus to Metror a i l connection P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and M e t r o r a i l conf u s i n g & complicated P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and M e t r o r a i l conf u s i n g and complicated- •Pedestrian c i r c u l a t i o n consolidated on t r a n s i t deck, connection t o Metror a i l d i r e c t and clear Bus t o Station Connection P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and S t a t i o n .confusing and u n c l e a r P e d e s t r i a n conn e c t i o n s between Metrobus and S t a t i o n confusing and u n c l e a r •Pedestrian c i r c u l a t i o n s between Metrobus and s t a t i o n c l e a : and d i r e c t Transit Deck* Circulation Conflicts P o t e n t i a l pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on deck P o t e n t i a l pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on deck • E l i m i n a t i o n o f pedest r i a n v e h i c l e conf l i c t on t r a n s i t deck Cost Phasing •Lowest c o s t : r e moval o f unused . ramps and roadways •No phasing problems , o n l y demolition Greatest cost: completion of Southeast Ramp Track outages and phasing problems E S t r e e t reconfigurec f o r easy egress t o south & e a s t •Easy approach from west v i a H S t r e e t or Mass. Ave. More a r r i v a l r o u t e s , more departure router station circulation more independent of local streets Second g r e a t e s t c o s t incorporation of ramps and roadways i: new scheme • No c o n s t r u c t i o n over l i v e r a i l : easy phasing �WASHINGTON UNION STATION ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR TRAFFIC CIRCULATION Scheme A Scheme B Scheme C Buses/ Southwest Ramp Southwest Ramp i s two way f o r buses only Southwest Ramp becomes e g r e s s from t r a n s i t deck and garage Buses/ Southeast Ramp E x i s t i n g portion of Southeast Ramp i s removed Southeast Ramp i s New E a s t Roadway i s completed a c c o r d i n g b u i l t from H S t r e e t to o r i g i n a l p l a n s to S o u t h e a s t Ramp Buses i n Columbus Plaza •Thru buses s t i l l use Columbus P l a z a A l l buses a r e r e moved from Columbus P l a z a •Thru buses s t i l l use Columbus P l a z a Bus Routing flexibility F l e x i b l e bus r o u t ing A l l t h r u buses detour t o t r a n s i t deck •Most f l e x i b l e r o u t i n g ; Buses u s i n g t r a n s i t deck may use Columbus Plaza ".arage ingress A l l Garage-ingress v i a H S t r e e t . No i n g r e s s from Columbus P l a z a A l l Garage i n g r e s s •Garage i n g r e s s v i a H S t r e e t , Mass. Ave. v i a H S t r e e t . No and Columbus P l a z a i n g r e s s < from on c l o s e d system Columbia P l a z a Garage Egress A l l Garage e g r e s s via H Street A l l Garage e g r e s s v i a Southwest Ramp Drop-off & Garage No c o n n e c t i o n between d r o p - o f f and garage No connection be- • C l e a r path between drop-off & garage tween drop-off & garage " E n g l i s h " system on r a m p s : d r i v i n g on left " E n g l i s h " system on •"American" system r a m p s : d r i v i n g on on r a m p s : d r i v i n g on left right Reversible Lanes No r e v e r s e lane o p e r a t i o n possible No r e v e r s e lane o p e r a t i o n possible Garage & Pick-Up No connection between garage and pick-up Connection between ©Clear c o n n e c t i o n begarage and p i c k - u p tween garage and increases congestion pick-up i n Columbus P l a z a Ramp Flexibility • Denotes most f a v o r a b l e c o n d i t i o n D i r e c t i o n o f Southe a s t & Southwest Ramps i s r e v e r s e d A l l Garage e g r e s s v i a H Street • R e v e r s e l a n e operatio: practical 77 �Wasnjngton - Union Station I Circulation Scheme A "1 �Washington - Union Station I Circulation Scheme A 1 �Washington -Union Station I Circulation Scheme A ' �Washington - Union Station Q Circulation Scheme A �Northeast Corridor improvement Project Washington-Union Station OeLEUW CATHER/PARSONS Skkknora.Owlnot t MorT«/Arct.iecls Circulation Scheme B �1990 Peak Hour Volumes Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Washington-Union Station Del EUW CATHER/PARSONS SfcMmoro.Owtngs & Marrtl/Archrtecrs IJO?I??3IVI Circulation Scheme B I I �I 1962 Bus touting* Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Del EUW GATHER'PARSONS SkMmore.Owlnai» MonH/Archrtects m »,„ VVaetogtOT-Uhkxi Station Circulation Scheme B [ J �and 1990 Peak Hour Bus Volumes Washington Union Station [ Circulation Scheme B �Washington-Union Station Circulation Scheme C �Washington-Union Station Circulation Scheme C �1982 Bus Routings Northeast Corridor Improvement Project Del EUW CAt HER/PARSONS S * WmoroOwlngi a MotraVAictrtecIs Win ( l > H I l l l i l >, w M ' M C . K I N IX ,*v 1 xn'M I>>.'»V*"«I Washington-Uhkxi Station Circulation Scheme C [ ] �Northeast Corridor Improvernent Project Del EUW GATHER' PARSONS Skkknore.Owttgi 4 urn MarrM/Archtects w<«inun( 4 t t ijrp ??i i w ?TO3« I A ' I V W Washington - Union Station I Circulation Scheme C 1 �The complete t r a f f i c a n a l y s i s w i l l be discussed i n a separate r e p o r t document to be i s s u e d a t a l a t e r date. 90 �D? SUMMARY ,. Estimated Costs •- Construction Start September 1978 Construction Start January 197 9 Infrastructure: Near Term i 3. Infrastructure: Long-Term Range $115,000 to $ 1,150,000 $11,600,000 a. P r o v i d e supplemental s t r u c - . t u r a l support systems t o i n sure l i f e - s a f e t y and s t r u c t u r a l safety Range $580,000 to $ 2,700,000 b. P r o v i d e f i r e protection systems P a r k i n g Garage a. P r o v i d e temporary p r o t e c t i v e measures to i n s u r e l i f e s a f e t y and structural i n tegrity b. Complete t h e P a r k i n g Garage, including i n t e r i o r ramps and automobile mezzanine 1. $ a. Replace main b u i l d i n g roof and roof d r a i n age Range $250,000 to $ 1,020,000 b. Modernize e l e c trical distrib u t i o n system $ 1,640,000 $ 1,880,000 c. Modernize e l e c t r i c a l branch circuits $ $ d. Complete s t r u c tural repairs Range $1,400,000 to$ 5,400,000 410,000 510,000 $11,900,000 $ 470,000 '. 580,000 91 �Construction Start September 197S 1. On S i t e C i r culation Alternatives a. Abandon Southe a s t Ramp b. Complete Southe a s t Ramp i n o r i g i n a l configuration c. C o n s t r u c t E a s t Roadway (Southe a s t Ramp t o H Street) 5. S i t e Improvements Construction Start January 1979 $ $ 580,000 600,000 $ 5,400,000 $ 5,500,000 $ 3,500,000 -$ 3,600,000 310,000 $ 830,000 $ 840,000 $ 3,500,000 $ 3,600,000 a. A l t e r n a t i v e 1 $11,000,000 $11,150,000 $11,350,000 $11,500,000 c. A l t e r n a t i v e 3 $12,900,000 $13,050,000 d. A l t e r n a t i v e 4 Replacement Station $ b. A l t e r n a t i v e 2 7. 300,000 ,c. Modify b e a r i n g w a l l , relocate t r a c k s , modify communications, s i g n a l i n g , and electrification S t a t i o n Plan f o r NECIP $ b. C o n s t r u c t t a x i queuing ramp 6. a. Reconfigure E Street $ 9,050,000 $'9,450,000 a. Construct Phase I I .Replacement Station $ 1,900,000 $ 1,960,000 b. Complete t h e Esplanade Roadway $ 1,440,000 $ 1,500,000 92 �Implementation Schedule �C. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS The F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n w i l l have to p r j p a r e environmental documentation on the program i t s e l e c t s f o r Union S t a t i o n . A d e f i n i t i o n of the nature of t h a t program's impacts must await the r e s u l t s o f the prel i m i n a r y environmental e v a l u a t i o n t h a t i s contained i n the l a s t r e p o r t of the S p e c i a l Study, but recommendation can be made a t t h i s time concerning the course of a c t i o n the FRA should pursue i n order to comply w i t h f e d e r a l environmental requirements. As a f e d e r a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n agency d e a l i n g w i t h a property l i s t e d on the N a t i o n a l R e g i s t e r of H i s t o r i c P l a c e s , the F e d e r a l Rr.ilroad A d m i n i s t r a t i o n must s a t i s f y environmental requirements promulgated by the U.S. Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ; as w e l l a s , procedures f o r p r o t e c t i n g p r o p e r t i e s of h i s t o r i c and c u l t u r a l s i g n i f i c a n c e . These requirements are contained i n DOT Order 5610.IB; the FRA's D r a f t "Procedures f o r Considering Environmental Impacts" (FRA Docket No EP-1, Notice 1 , 4 2 Fed. Reg. 5171, J a n . 27, 1977) ; Section 4 ( f ) of the Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Act, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1653) and S e c t i o n 106 of the N a t i o n a l H i s t o r i c P r e s e r v a t i o n Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470). The course of a c t i o n recommended f o r the Fede r a l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n has two main f e a t u r e s . The f i r s t i s t h a t the FRA should prepare separate environmental documentation on the e n t i r e program proposed f o r Union S L a t i o n r a t h e r than supplement the n e g a t i v e d e c l a r a t i o n prepared i n 19 75 on the N a t i o n a l V i s t o r Center by the Department of the I n t e r i o r . The reasons u n d e r l y i n g t h i s recommendation are t h a t the i n s t i t u t i o n a l context f o r the FRA's proposed program, the planning and design premises upon which the program r e s t s , and the environmental impacts i t may have. A l l are s u f f i c i e n t l y d i s t i n c t from those t h a t p r e v a i l e d when the N a t i o n a l V i s t o r Center was conceived and implemented to 94 �w a r r a n t separate treatment. Given these c o n s i d e r a t i o n s and the c o n t r o v e r s y t h a t has surrounded the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center p r o j e c t , the most prudent course of a c t i o n f o r the F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d Administ r a t i o n i s to prepare i t s own thorough environmental impact assessment of the proposed a c t i o n f o r the s t a t i o n before determining whether to i s s u e a Negative D e c l a r a t i o n or prepare a f u l l Environmental Impact Statement. The second f e a t u r e of the s t r a t e g y i s t h a t the FRA should prepare a s i n g l e document c o v e r i n g the p o t e n t i a l impacts of a l l three major elements ot the o v e r a l l s t a t i o n improvement program: the parking garage, i n f r a s t r u c t u r e improvements, and the redesign of the s t a t i o n . As these proposed improvements'could be considered p a r t of the same o v e r a l l program, documenting t h e i r environmental impacts s e p a r a t e l y would expose the FRA to the l e g a l charge t h a t i t was "segmenting" i t s program i n order to c i r cumvent environmental requirements. T h i s s t r a t e g y can be pursued w i t h i n the present time schedule of the p r o j e c t , i f one assumes t h a t a Negative D e c l a r a t i o n w i l l be prepared on the e n t i r e program. Given the environmental assessment work t h a t has been done to date, f o u r to f i v e months should be s u f f i c i e n t to complete the s t u d i e s r e q u i r e d and process the Negative D e c l a r a t i o n . However, i f the impact of the proposed a c t i o n i o severe or the l e v e l of c o n t r o v e r s y i t generates i n t e n s e , then the schedule of a l l t h r e e elements of the program would have to be extended by f i v e to s i x months to permit the FRA to complete and r e c e i v e approval of a f u l l Environmental Impact Statement. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Special study for the FRA task force on Union Station : northeast corridor improvement project Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons United States. Federal Railroad Administration United States. Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 1977 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a2e114587ff213e3d2980b44d39c2e6d.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=tQzaFjMGusQaNoj44BHpX9QeCbRN8EasZurDrCiesFwK0lryK6qkhtWnNsrY3HXSgsnYLFqJOyMs%7EHd8xaYwIykNMP38f8MSebF6yeVk7MW4J%7EQA93FmMEigTox-YnvLdO2Yi3Ba6r%7Etgmo1OqMPHeXiH5b6C%7ELleYdFwswA9GAJ9HH2UehhFBkOaG2rwmWOlFqE0KvFZJdo5c6yduib4K3YXPUBak8QEghjkol5-RbKQ-fd%7EZDa8qLvN5Tjg5zw2XRZ42t7NETMdtfsS5mlDyOFGDkxdCMCSOVun40AW-%7EYKYc79mGldTFf5DdodKCE3Bi3SF01AxVidoI-H2duDA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d0dcbab2fbfc328ace31d6340b52b8dd PDF Text Text THE WASHINGTON UNION STATION MARKETING AND PLANNING STUDY •W - if " « (t D ETURN TO OFFICE OF POLICY AND P A NN LN I G D-:PT. OF PUBUG WOSKS GOVT. OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Executive Summa [FILE NO: Prepared for FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F T R A N S P O R T A T I O N December 16, 1982 Gladstone Associates Economic Consultants ��THE WASHINGTON UNION STATION MARKETING AND PLANNING STUDY Executive Summary Prepared for FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F T R A N S P O R T A T I O N December 16, 1982 Gladstone Associates Economic Consultants Washington, D.C. ��EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table o f Contents Page 1. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS 1 2. BACKGROUND 3 The Union S t a t i o n Redevelopment A c t o f 1981 C u r r e n t C o n d i t i o n s and Ownership Cost o f R e h a b i l i t a t i o n O b j e c t i v e s o f t h e Study P r o p e r t i e s Considered i n t h e Study 3. STATION REUSE POTENTIALS 9 Union S t a t i o n can be redeveloped as a f i n a n c i a l l y v i a b l e r e t a i l / o f f i c e / t r a n s p o r t a t i o n complex. R e t a i l Development O f f i c e and Other Development C o n d i t i o n s f o r Success 4. THE RECOMMENDED PLAN FOR UNION STATION For t h e s t a t i o n i t s e l f , t h e optimum development concept i s a b a l a n c e d , i n t e g r a t e d program o f commercial and passenger f u n c t i o n s , w i t h t h e t r a c k s extended c l o s e r to t h e S t a t i o n . O b j e c t i v e s f o r the S t a t i o n Amtrak Passenger Terminal Requirements Recommended Plan C h a r a c t e r and Q u a l i t y o f t h e Space Created -- F e a t u r e s o f t h e P l a n B a s i s f o r S e l e c t i o n o f t h e Recommended P l a n 13 �EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Table o f Contents Page 5. THE RECOMMENDED DEVELOPMENT COMPLEX 25 The development complex o f f e r i n g g r e a t e s t i n i t i a l p o t e n t i a l would i n c l u d e : Union S t a t i o n , t h e garage, and t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s s i t e . The Garage and R e l a t e d T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Elements The A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l S i t e CSX, Main Post O f f i c e and GPO B u i l d i n g 4 S i t e s A i r R i g h t s Development 6. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS 33 Of t h e $70 m i l l i o n i n c o s t , a t l e a s t $30 m i l l i o n can be p r i v a t e l y financed. P r o j e c t Costs P r o j e c t Revenues Financing P o s s i b i l i t i e s 7. THE ALTERNATIVE CHOICE: MOTHBALLING UNION STATION There are two c h o i c e s f o r Union S t a t i o n : or keeping i t c l o s e d down. redevelopment 41 �1. SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS A Washington Union S t a t i o n redevelopment p r o j e c t i s f e a s i b l e . I t can meet t h e goals o f t h e Union S t a t i o n Redevelopment Act o f 1981. In a d d i t i o n t o Union S t a t i o n , t h e p r o j e c t should i n c l u d e t h e p a r k i n g garage and t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s s i t e . When r e n o v a t e d , Union S t a t i o n would c o n t a i n t h e Amtrak t e r m i n a l , 100,000 square f e e t of r e t a i l space, and 80,000 square f e e t of o f f i c e space. The a r c h i t e c t u r a l d e t a i l and grandeur o f the b u i l d i n g would be p r e s e r v e d . The t o t a l c o s t o f the p r o j e c t would be about $70 m i l l i o n over and above p r e v i o u s l y committed f u n d s . However, i t i s probable t h a t $30 m i l l i o n o f c a p i t a l c o s t could be d e f r a y e d by s e l l i n g t h e income stream from t h e p r o j e c t , l e a v i n g mately $40 m i l l i o n or l e s s i n r e q u i r e d private approxi- Government f u n d i n g a f t e r such financing. The Government should be able t o r e a l i z e a s u b s t a n t i a l income stream from t h e p r o j e c t -- perhaps $5 m i l l i o n per y e a r by 1988 or 1989 -- which could be s o l d . The o n l y a l t e r n a t i v e to t h e redevelopment p r o j e c t d e s c r i b e d above would be to mothball t h e Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g and m a i n t a i n t h e p r e s e n t replacement s t a t i o n . However, "doing n o t h i n g " would not n e c e s s a r i l y be l e s s e x p e n s i v e . Costs o f b a s i c r e p a i r ( $ 8 m i l l i o n over and above c u r r e n t roof r e p a i r s ) p l u s annual maintenance c o s t s would t o t a l $25 t o $30 m i l l i o n over t h e 19 y e a r term o f t h e Government's remaining l e a s e of Union S t a t i o n -- i n a d d i t i o n t o $66.5 m i l l i o n i n l e a s e payments, unavoidable under e i t h e r o p t i o n . - 1 - ��2. BACKGROUND The Union S t a t i o n Redevelopment A c t o f 1981 P r i o r p r o p o s a l s f o r the redevelopment of Washington's Union S t a t i o n have c a l l e d f o r e x t e n s i v e F e d e r a l ty, investment i n an e s s e n t i a l l y p u b l i c facili- w i t h ongoing p u b l i c r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r o p e r a t i o n s and maintenance. The Union S t a t i o n Redevelopment Act o f 1981, however, sought a new approach: to m i n i m i z e F e d e r a l funding i n i t i a l l y and through time by r e n o v a t i n g the b u i l d i n g f o r commercial as w e l l as r a i l passenger u s e , and by assigning to the Union S t a t i o n complex the development r i g h t s on s i g n i f i c a n t a d j a c e n t properties. S p e c i f i c a l l y , the A c t : r e q u i r e s s t u d i e s of the b u i l d i n g ' s commercial development. i n t e g r i t y and p o t e n t i a l f o r p r o v i d e s f o r DOT t o t a k e over c o n t r o l o f the p r o p e r t y from the Department of the I n t e r i o r , and to a c c e l e r a t e purchase of the property, i f desirable. a u t h o r i z e s DOT to s e l e c t a p r i v a t e developer, and to e n t e r i n t o a development agreement f o r the commercial development of the Union S t a t i o n complex. a u t h o r i z e s DOT to o b t a i n Squares 720 and 721 from the A r c h i t e c t of t h e C a p i t o l by assignment f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t h e development. e s t a b l i s h e s the g o a l s t h a t the h i s t o r i c f e a t u r e s of Union S t a t i o n be p r e s e r v e d and t h a t a t l e a s t a p o r t i o n o f r a i l passenger s e r v i c e s be r e t u r n e d to the main Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g . a u t h o r i z e s completion o f the p a r k i n g garage and a s s o c i a t e d ramps, u s i n g up to $40 m i l l i o n i n I n t e r s t a t e Highway funds apportioned to the D i s t r i c t o f Columbia. r e q u i r e s completion o f r o o f r e p a i r by the Department of the I n t e r i o r . -3- �C u r r e n t Conditions and Ownership Today the h i s t o r i c Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g ( c o n s i s t i n g p r i m a r i l y of a main h a l l , e a s t and west wings and c o n c o u r s e ) i s c l o s e d to the p u b l i c and i s i n a s t a t e of d i s r e p a i r . R e p a i r s to the r o o f , u r g e n t l y needed to h a l t f u r t h e r water damage, have been a u t h o r i z e d and are underway. The Department o f the I n t e r i o r has r e c e n t l y awarded an 18- to 24-month c o n t r a c t to complete the roof An repairs. incomplete p a r k i n g garage s u p e r s t r u c t u r e i s l o c a t e d to the of Union S t a t i o n . north None of the p a r k i n g l e v e l s i s o p e r a t i o n a l but the transit deck i s i n use p r o v i d i n g a s t a g i n g area f o r 600 WMATA buses d a i l y and parking f o r up t o 25 tour and commuter buses. The D.C. Department of Transportation i s c u r r e n t l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a p r o j e c t to complete the p a r k i n g garage, the southeast ramp, and other improvements f i n a n c e d through a s p e c i a l alloca- t i o n of up to $40 m i l l i o n i n F e d e r a l I n t e r s t a t e Highway f u n d s . R a i l passenger handling functions take place i n a s o - c a l l e d "replace- ment s t a t i o n " l o c a t e d beneath the incomplete garage s t r u c t u r e . t r a c k s s e r v e Union S t a t i o n on two levels. On the upper l e v e l i n the western t w o - t h i r d s of the t r a c k and p l a t f o r m a r e a , the t r a c k s dead end ment s t a t i o n under the garage. Railroad at the r e p l a c e - These t r a c k s are p r i m a r i l y used f o r Northeast C o r r i d o r Amtrak t r a i n s and commuter t r a i n s . - 4 - On the lower l e v e l , i n the �e a s t e r n t h i r d o f t h e t r a c k and p l a t f o r m a r e a , through t r a c k s used f o r longhaul Amtrak s e r v i c e pass under t h e Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g south t r a i n t u n n e l under F i r s t S t r e e t , N.E. All rail and i n t o a n o r t h - f a c i l i t i e s a r e operated by t h e Washington Terminal Company, a wholly-owned s u b s i d i a r y o f Amtrak. Passenger access t o t h e replacement r a i l the Metrobus deck and from a M e t r o r a i l end o f Union S t a t i o n . s t a t i o n i s e x c e l l e n t from s t a t i o n l o c a t e d under t h e western Passenger access t o t h e s t a t i o n from p r i v a t e and t a x i s , however, i s u n a c c e p t a b l e , as i t i n v o l v e s walk from c u r b s i d e o u t s i d e t h e o l d s t a t i o n . a long and i n c o n v e n i e n t Amtrak has approved a plan to improve t h i s s i t u a t i o n w h i l e r e p a i r i s underway. however, i s u n d e s i r a b l e as a permanent Today t h e F e d e r a l Government vehicles Even Amtrak's p l a n , solution. ( a c t i n g through t h e Department o f t h e I n t e r i o r ) l e a s e s t h e h i s t o r i c Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g , t h e garage, and a d j a c e n t air r i g h t s f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y $3.5 m i l l i o n a n n u a l l y from i t s owners, t h e T e r m i n a l R e a l t y B a l t i m o r e Company and t h e T e r m i n a l R e a l t y Penn Company. The l e a s e runs through t h e y e a r 2001, a t which time t h e Government has the r i g h t to purchase the b u i l d i n g f o r one d o l l a r . The l e a s e of t h e Government c o n s t i t u t e s a f i x e d c o s t r e g a r d l e s s taken f o r t h e f u t u r e o f Union S t a t i o n . - 5 - obligation o f what course i s �Cost o f R e h a b i l i t a t i o n The f i r m o f Ewing Cole C h e r r y P a r s k y has completed an e n g i n e e r i n g s u r v e y o f t h e h i s t o r i c Union S t a t i o n t o determine and the c o s t o f i t s r e h a b i l i t a t i o n . i t s structural integrity The s u r v e y concluded t h a t the b u i l d i n g i s s t r u c t u r a l l y sound and t h a t i t s d e f i c i e n c i e s a r e r e p a r a b l e , provided t h a t the p r e s e n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n i s not f u r t h e r prolonged. The s u r v e y r e p o r t recommended a r e h a b i l i t a t i o n program o f r e p a i r , r e s t o r a t i o n and r e n o v a t i o n t h a t would make Union S t a t i o n s a f e and u s a b l e f o r many y e a r s t o come. Based on t h e s u r v e y and other a n a l y s i s , t h e t o t a l c o s t t o t h e Government i s e s t i m a t e d a t $70 m i l l i o n , over and above p r e v i o u s l y committed The marketing fundsM c h a l l e n g e o f the Union S t a t i o n p r o j e c t , and t h e r e f o r e of t h i s s t u d y , i s how to minimize the e f f e c t i v e burden on t h e F e d e r a l Government o f t h i s l a r g e c o s t by p u t t i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e t o economic use t h a t prov i d e s a f u n c t i o n a l t r a i n s t a t i o n and p r e s e r v e s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l and h i s t o r i c legacy of t h i s 1/ landmark. Costs a r e based on ( 1 ) Ewing C o l e ' s , E n g i n e e r i n g Survey o f Union S t a t i o n , Washington, D.C. ( 1 9 8 2 ) ; ( 2 ) subsequent c o s t e s t i m a t e s by Ewing Cole f o r other m i s c e l l a n e o u s elements ( e . g . , t h e mezzanine, w a l l b r e e c h i n g , replacement s t a t i o n d e m o l i t i o n , r a i l h e a d e x t e n s i o n s ) ; and ( 3 ) c o s t a l l o w a n c e s ( e . g . , i n f l a t i o n ) by Gladstone A s s o c i a t e s . - 6 - �Objectives Consistent of the Study w i t h the o b j e c t i v e s o f the A c t and t h e mandate of the F e d e r a l Railroad Administration, the Marketing and P l a n n i n g Study has sought t o i d e n t i f y combinations o f p r o p e r t i e s and development approaches w i t h the f o l l o w i n g g o a l s i n mind: e s t a b l i s h a s e l f - s u s t a i n i n g commercial p r o j e c t t h a t minimizes Federal subsidy. r e s t o r e and p r e s e r v e Union S t a t i o n . p r o v i d e an a c c e p t a b l e r a i l passenger t e r m i n a l . P r o p e r t i e s Considered i n the Study At the o u t s e t , itself i t seemed u n l i k e l y t h a t the Union S t a t i o n building would p r o v i d e the revenue p o t e n t i a l n e c e s s a r y t o s u s t a i n a s u c c e s s f u l commercial r e v i t a l i z a t i o n . At the same t i m e , a s u c c e s s f u l r e h a b i l i t a t i o n of Union S t a t i o n would c l e a r l y f o s t e r economic development of t h e immediately adjacent area. for For t h i s reason c e r t a i n a d j a c e n t p r o p e r t i e s were studied p o s s i b l e i n c l u s i o n i n t h e "Union S t a t i o n Complex," as l i s t e d below and i l l u s t r a t e d on the next page. Squares 721 and 722 ( a l s o known as the " A r c h i t e c t of the C a p i t o l ' s (AOC) s i t e " ) ; Squares 719 and 720 ( a l s o known as the "CSX P a r c e l " ) ; The Main Post O f f i c e ; The Government Air P r i n t i n g O f f i c e ' s B u i l d i n g 4; and r i g h t s over the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s south of H S t r e e t . The s t u d y ' s c o n c l u s i o n s included i n the i n i t i a l Development c o n c e r n i n g the p r o p e r t i e s which should be complex are s e t f o r t h i n S e c t i o n Complex. - 7 - 5, The Recommended ��3. STATION REUSE POTENTIALS Union S t a t i o n can be redeveloped as a f i n a n c i a l l y v i a b l e r e t a i 1 / o f f i c e / t r a n s p o r t a t i o n complex• Retail Development Market a n a l y s i s l e a d s t o t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t about 100,000 n e t r e n t a b l e square f e e t o f r e t a i l space ( r e s t a u r a n t s , shops, e t c . ) can be supported i n t h e s t a t i o n , w i t h a high p r o b a b i l i t y o f commercial s u c c e s s . At t h i s s c a l e t h e r e t a i l component could be "marketplace" i n c h a r a c t e r , s i m i l a r t o Harbor P l a c e i n B a l t i m o r e o r F a n e u i l H a l l Marketplace i n Boston. A c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f m a r k e t p l a c e r e t a i l i n g i s t h a t i t i s l a r g e and d i v e r s e enough t o draw customers from a wide t r a d e a r e a , and i s not r e s t r i c t e d to s e r v i n g t h e convenience needs o f r a i l r o a d passengers a l o n e . In the case o f Union S t a t i o n , t o u r i s t s and o t h e r v i s i t o r s t o Washington (some 11 m i l l i o n per y e a r ) w i l l comprise the most important market segment, r e g a r d less o f the transportation mode u t i l i z e d t o reach t h e D i s t r i c t . Market a n a l y s i s a l s o demonstrates t h a t m a r k e t p l a c e r e t a i l i n g i n Union S t a t i o n can be h i g h l y p r o d u c t i v e i n s a l e s per square f o o t , g e n e r a t i n g t h e high r e n t l e v e l s needed f o r f e a s i b l e and p r o f i t a b l e development and opera t i o n o f such space. At retail l e a s t 40,000 square f e e t and as much as 60,000 square f e e t of the space could be i n food s e r v i c e -- r e s t a u r a n t s , food shops and convenience food o u t l e t s . cafes, specialty The o r i g i n a l S t a t i o n restaurant, l a r g e and e l e g a n t , as w e l l as t h e P r e s i d e n t i a l Reception Room and other spaces a t t h e " f r o n t " o f Union S t a t i o n , monumental i n s t y l e and r i c h i n h i s t o r y , can be developed as s u c c e s s f u l food anchors w i t h a s t r o n g market - 9 - �appeal. A "food c o u r t " and o t h e r food o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e Concourse w i l l be supported by t h e market draw o f t h e s e b a s i c food a n c h o r s , as w e l l as by the convenience needs of t r a v e l e r s and nearby o f f i c e w o r k e r s . The f i r s t f l o o r of the h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g , t o g e t h e r w i t h a new " c o n n e c t i n g " s t r u c t u r e , c o n t a i n s s u f f i c i e n t a r e a to accommodate 100,000 r e n t a b l e square f e e t of r e t a i l terminal space, p l u s passenger t i c k e t i n g , w a i t i n g and o t h e r r a i l functions. O f f i c e and Other Development The second, t h i r d and f o u r t h l e v e l s of the s t a t i o n c o n t a i n a p p r o x i m a t e l y 80,000 square f e e t of l e a s a b l e o f f i c e space, p l u s a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount o f space best s u i t e d f o r s t o r a g e . While the space v a r i e s g r e a t l y i n q u a l i t y , market a n a l y s i s suggests t h a t t h e space should be r e a d i l y marketa b l e i f p r o p e r l y r e h a b i l i t a t e d and a t r e n t l e v e l s a p p r o p r i a t e to i t s q u a l i t y . The Washington o f f i c e market, which i s c u r r e n t l y s o f t , i s l i k e l y t o improve by the time the Union S t a t i o n o f f i c e space i s ready to be marketed. the Further, o f f i c e space should be r e a d i l y l e a s a b l e i n view of i t s r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l q u a n t i t y and the a t t r a c t i v e n e s s o f i t s l o c a t i o n . Storage and p a r k i n g space i n the basement w i l l p r o v i d e a d d i t i o n a l revenue. C o n d i t i o n s f o r Success Commercial development of the s t a t i o n can be e c o n o m i c a l l y s u c c e s s f u l . C e r t a i n i s s u e s , however, should be r e c o g n i z e d as p r e r e q u i s i t e s f o r s u c c e s s . Three are p a r t i c u l a r l y n o t a b l e : - 10 - �1. Parking. The S t a t i o n ' s success as a commercial c e n t e r w i l l depend on the adequacy of p a r k i n g : i n numbers of s p a c e s , access and method of operation. The number of spaces i n the planned garage appears adequate to s e r v e even the l a r g e s t r e t a i l program. I n f a c t , the garage would probably be e c o n o m i c a l l y u n d e r u t i l i z e d w i t h o u t the r e t a i l component. Nonethel e s s , t h e r e are s t i l l p a r k i n g i s s u e s to be r e s o l v e d . These i n c l u d e : I n g r e s s and egress; Method of o p e r a t i o n and F i n a l Amtrak p a r k i n g 2. control; needs and and arrangements. Development R i s k . R e s t o r i n g r a i l f u n c t i o n s to the Union S t a t i o n and i n t r o d u c i n g commercial uses f o r the remainder of t h i s s t r u c t u r e w i l l r e q u i r e c a r e f u l p h y s i c a l design and s o p h i s t i c a t e d development s k i l l s . A balance must be s t r u c k between an a p p r o p r i a t e commercial development program and workable management of the r a i l f u n c t i o n s . For example, t h e r e should be an a p p r o p r i a t e merchandise mix to s e r v e both r a i l r o a d passengers and d e s t i n a t i o n shoppers. Implementation of t h i s package, t h e r e f o r e , i s i n t r i n s i c a l l y complex, w i t h s i g n i f i c a n t development r i s k s . I t cannot be assumed t h a t the process i s immune to major changes i n the n a t i o n a l economy, the r i s k s i n h e r e n t i n any l a r g e - s c a l e r e a l e s t a t e development, or numerous other f a c t o r s t h a t are d i f f i c u l t to c o n t r o l . At the same t i m e , the success o f s i m i l a r u n d e r t a k i n g s demonstrates t h a t the p r o j e c t does not possess unique and insurmountable impediments. 3. A Development and Management E n t i t y . The t h i r d n e c e s s a r y c o n d i t i o n f o r f e a s i b i l i t y i s a development and management e n t i t y , s e n s i t i v e to the d i v e r s e , i f not competing, p u b l i c and p r i v a t e i n t e r e s t s to be s e r v e d . A key f u n c t i o n of the e n t i t y w i l l be to "package" the s e v e r a l p r o p e r t i e s i n the complex, and n e g o t i a t e developer p a r t i c i p a t i o n . - 11 - ��4. THE RECOMMENDED PLAN FOR UNION STATION For t h e s t a t i o n i t s e l f , t h e optimum development concept i s a balanced, i n t e g r a t e d program o f commercial and passenger f u n c t i o n s , w i t h t h e t r a c k s extended c l o s e r t o t h e S t a t i o n . Objectives f o r the Station F o r m u l a t i n g t h e optimum development program r e q u i r e d of p o s s i b i l i t i e s a g a i n s t tation testing a variety s p e c i f i c economic, p h y s i c a l , design and t r a n s p o r - objectives: Economic o b j e c t i v e s : o To minimize f u r t h e r F e d e r a l investment and t o a t t r a c t p r i v a t e investment t o Union S t a t i o n . o To provide f o r t h e shared use o f the p a r k i n g garage so as to maximize u t i l i z a t i o n o f t h e Union S t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s and cover ongoing expenses. o To provide f o r commercial development t h a t i s r e a s o n a b l y economical t o c o n s t r u c t , operate and m a i n t a i n . P h y s i c a l design o b j e c t i v e s : o To p r e s e r v e and r e s t o r e Union S t a t i o n . o To p r o v i d e an a r c h i t e c t u r a l p l a n a p p r o p r i a t e f o r a major public building. o To i n t e g r a t e Amtrak's needs w i t h commercial development; p a t t e r n s o f movement must be e f f i c i e n t w i t h o u t l o s i n g t h e sense o f open space. Transportation objectives: o To provide a c o n v e n i e n t , s a f e , and c o m f o r t a b l e p l a c e f o r t r a v e l e r s as w e l l as t o u r i s t s and shoppers. o To enhance Amtrak's image and improve i t s revenues. o To f a c i l i t a t e t h e t r a n s f e r o f passengers between connecting modes o f t r a v e l . o To minimize adverse t r a f f i c - 13 - impact on surrounding s t r e e t s . �o To be r e s p o n s i v e t o Amtrak's needs and o b j e c t i v e s . o To accommodate, over time and as w a r r a n t e d , high-speed r a i l , c o n v e n t i o n a l r a i l , commuter r a i l , buses, h e l i c o p t e r s , l i m o u s i n e s , subway, t a x i s , automobiles, c h a r t e r buses, and s p e c i a l t o u r i s t oriented vehicles. Amtrak Passenger T e r m i n a l Requirements Amtrak i s a key p a r t i c i p a n t i n t h e development of the Union S t a t i o n project. ment. D e t a i l e d space p l a n n i n g w i l l r e q u i r e Amtrak's continued i n v o l v e - Based on i n f o r m a t i o n s u p p l i e d by Amtrak and through the work o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n s u l t a n t s , Amtrak passenger h a n d l i n g space needs were a n a l y z e d , as summarized below: Location Net Square F e e t Use First Floor 28,500 T i c k e t i n g , baggage, w a i t i n g , e t c . First Floor 9,300 Public s e r v i c e s (shared with Concourse, Mezzanine 7,400 S t a t i o n support retail) Basement 30,100 M a i l , baggage, p o l i c e , maintenance Third Floor, Mezzanine 23,500 O f f i c e s , employee Total, In Union S t a t i o n 98,800 In r a i l 30,600 yard Lower l e v e l tracks 4,500 facilities T r a i n support Passenger access The above program e x c l u d e s c e r t a i n c i r c u l a t i o n a i s l e s , c o r r i d o r s and other p u b l i c s p a c e s . - 14 - �Recommended P l a n The recommended plan w i l l r e s t o r e t h e r a i l r o a d use i n s i d e t h e s t a t i o n , while also maximizing r e t a i l and o f f i c e development. A new s t r u c t u r e i s proposed t o connect Union S t a t i o n t o t h e garage ( r e f e r r e d t o as t h e connecting structure). Most u p p e r - l e v e l t r a c k s w i l l be extended so t h a t they a r e immediately a c c e s s i b l e from t h e c o n n e c t i n g s t r u c t u r e . The p l a n i s summarized below and i l l u s t r a t e d on t h e page f o l l o w i n g : Summary Recommended P l a n f o r t h e H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , The Garage, The Connecting S t r u c t u r e , and t h e T r a c k s Development Concept Union S t a t i o n : Balanced approach t o economic, a r c h i t e c t u r a l , and r a i l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o b j e c t i v e s . R a i l s t a t i o n i n s i d e Union S t a t i o n , w i t h "marketplace" r e t a i l f i l l i n g space not used by Amtrak i n both t h e h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g and connecting structure. Renovated and r e s t o r e d t o house both Amtrak f a c i l i t i e s and "marketplace" r e t a i l . Maximum r e t a i l component c o n s i s t e n t w i t h Amtrak needs and a r c h i t e c t u r a l p r e s e r vation. S t a t i o n and connector c o n t a i n about 100,000 square f e e t o f r e t a i l space. O f f i c e space o f 80,000 square f e e t on upper f l o o r s . S t o r a g e , p a r k i n g and mechanical systems i n basement. P a r k i n g Garage, Connecting S t r u c t u r e , Lower-Level Track Access, Vehicle Garage t o be completed t o accommodate 1,296 c a r s . Ramp, P e d e s t r i a n A l l t o be c o n s t r u c t e d and funded as p a r t o f garage Access to Garage: completion. Rail Functions: Timi ng: Amtrak occupies a p p r o x i m a t e l y 28,500 square f e e t o f d e d i c a t e d space on t h e f i r s t f l o o r o f h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g / c o n n e c t i n g s t r u c t u r e , p l u s o t h e r space i n t h e b u i l d i n g . T r a c k s extend t o north w a l l o f t h e connecting s t r u c t u r e . Redeveloped Union S t a t i o n open i n 1987; s t a b i l i z e d o p e r a t i o n s i n 1990. Garage open i n e a r l y 1985. - 15 - �Union Station Development Concept �Summary o f Proposed Square Footage U t i l i z a t i o n Historic 0 B u i l d i n g and Connecting S t r u c t u r e Main F l o o r and New Mezzanine -- R e t a i l and r e s t a u r a n t s — Passenger F a c i l i t i e s (Amtrak) — C i r c u l a t i o n and Other ( i n c l u d i n g Amtrak) 100,000 s q . f t . ( n e t ) 28,500 s q . f t . ( n e t ) * Total 0 185,000 s q . f t . ( g r o s s ) Basement -- Storage -- V a l e t P a r k i n g (40 s p a c e s ) -- Mechanical & Other 54,000 s q . f t . 14,000 s q . f t . 109,000 s q . f t . Total 0 * 56,500 s q . f t . 177,000 s q . f t . ( g r o s s ) Upper F l o o r s ~ — Office Circulation, 80,000 s q . f t . ( n e t ) 41,000 s q . f t . Storage & Other Total 121,000 s q . f t . ( g r o s s ) * Amtrak requirements are s e t f o r t h i n d e t a i l on page 14. C h a r a c t e r and Q u a l i t y o f the Space Created — F e a t u r e s of the P l a n As shown o p p o s i t e , the plan f o r Union S t a t i o n w i l l c r e a t e a p a r t i c u l a r l y a c t i v e , a t t r a c t i v e and e f f i c i e n t environment. As planned, Union S t a t i o n will become a s p e c i a l t y commercial/transportation center unparalleled i n the Washington market f o r a c c e s s i b i l i t y , a r c h i t e c t u r a l distinction and consumer a p p e a l . The design r e s p e c t s the major p r i n c i p l e s v i a b i l i t y and r a i l r o a d e f f i c i e n c y . of p r e s e r v a t i o n , commercial S t i l l , the plan i s f l e x i b l e and can accommodate d e t a i l e d l a y o u t requirements o f Amtrak and d e v e l o p e r s . - 17 - �Integration of functions w i l l stimulate r e t a i l the r a i l p a s s e n g e r s ' e x p e r i e n c e . will a c t i v i t y and e n l i v e n The m a g n i f i c a n t a r c h i t e c t u r a l spaces be p r e s e r v e d . E a t i n g f a c i l i t i e s o f e x t r a o r d i n a r y p h y s i c a l a t t r a c t i v e n e s s w i l l be c r e a t e d i n t h e h i g h - c e i l i n g e d , e l e g a n t spaces a t t h e f r o n t o f t h e b u i l d i n g . The P r e s i d e n t i a l Reception Room w i l l become a d i n i n g room o f p a r t i c u l a r d i s t i n c t i o n and a p p e a l . s k y l i g h t e d west h a l l . A s i d e w a l k c a f e complex w i l l be c r e a t e d i n t h e R e s t a u r a n t s i n t h e former baggage room w i l l b e n e f i t from t h e s k y l i g h t s i n t h a t space. K i o s k s w i l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e s f o r r a i l r o a d t o u r i s t s and other passengers, visitors. P e d e s t r i a n s w i l l move i n t o t h e space from a number o f d i r e c t i o n s -from t h e o r i g i n a l f r o n t doors, served by t a x i , bus and auto d r o p - o f f ; from two metro stops a t the west s i d e o f the b u i l d i n g ; from t h e garage to the n o r t h ; from Amtrak t r a i n s ; from o f f i c e space above; and from t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s s i t e and other a d j a c e n t s i t e s to t h e e a s t . The complex can become an important t r a n s f e r p o i n t f o r i n t e r c i t y buses, a i r p o r t c o n n e c t i o n s , t o u r buses, metro buses and other t r a n s p o r t a t i o n modes. R e t a i l c o n f i g u r a t i o n and l a y o u t i s e f f i c i e n t from a l e a s i n g and pedest r i a n f l o w p o i n t o f view. Amtrak passenger-handling functions include w a i t i n g ( i n t h e o r i g i n a l h i g h - c e i l i n g e d w a i t i n g room and i n departure near t h e r a i l h e a d s ) , t i c k e t i n g , and baggage h a n d l i n g . lounges Other Amtrak f u n c - t i o n s occur i n upper f l o o r s and i n t h e basement. As shown on the s k e t c h e s on the f o l l o w i n g two pages, c a r e has been taken to p r e s e r v e views o f t h e g r e a t v a u l t e d c e i l i n g s , t h e s k y l i g h t s and - 18 - �Union Station Development Concept �Union Station Development Concept �the m a g n i f i c e n t o r i g i n a l a r c h i t e c t u r a l f e a t u r e s o f t h e b u i l d i n g -- i t s s t a t u a r y , c e i l i n g d e t a i l , marble f l o o r s , f i l t e r e d n a t u r a l l i g h t , and t h e well-known c l o c k framed by the arched e a s t e r n window. In the concourse, shoppers and passengers w i l l a l l experience the volume o f the space i n i t s e n t i r e t y , even w h i l e i t i s u t i l i z e d by r e t a i l and t i c k e t i n g f a c i l i t i e s will a t eye l e v e l . A mezzanine above t h e r e t a i l space provide r e s t a u r a n t space w i t h e x t r a o r d i n a r y views -- throughout the e n t i r e concourse, and down to the l i v e l y scene below. Natural l i g h t will s u f f u s e the e n t i r e space from the r e s t o r e d s k y l i g h t system. A c r o s s - s e c t i o n a l view o f t h e proposed redevelopment plan f o r Union S t a t i o n i s shown below. the The photograph on t h e f o l l o w i n g page i l l u s t r a t e s q u a l i t y and c h a r a c t e r o f redevelopment p o s s i b l e ( S t a t i o n Square i n Pittsburgh). - 21 - ��B a s i s f o r S e l e c t i o n of the Recommended P l a n The recommended plan was d e r i v e d from the f u l l ments and arrangements. a r r a y of p o s s i b l e t r e a t - Among many other a l t e r n a t i v e s c o n s i d e r e d were the f o l l o w i n g : — Mothball Union S t a t i o n and c o n t i n u e use of the replacement station. ~ Return the b u i l d i n g to i t s o r i g i n a l use as a r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n w i t h o n l y r a i l r o a d - o r i e n t e d r e t a i l s e r v i c e s . No connecting s t r u c t u r e to the garage. -- Maximum commercial development i n the Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g ; continue use of the replacement s t a t i o n . -- Amtrak s t a t i o n i n a new connecting s t r u c t u r e . R a i l use not g r a t e d w i t h r e t a i l s e r v i c e s i n the Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g . -- Balanced program — t r a i n s t a t i o n and r e t a i l S t a t i o n : the plan recommended above. I t was found t h a t the balanced i n t e g r a t e d i n Union plan r e p r e s e n t s the best accommodation of the p r e s e r v a t i o n , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and economic o b j e c t i v e s l i s t e d and inte- i t became the recommended p l a n . I t p r o v i d e s enough r e t a i l earlier, space to make the complex an a t t r a c t i v e h i g h - r e n t "marketplace" c e n t e r , appealing to t o u r i s t s , a r e a r e s i d e n t s and passengers alike. P a r k i n g revenues will be maximized through the high t u r n o v e r a s s o c i a t e d w i t h marketplace c e n t e r s . Thus, t h i s plan along w i t h the p a r k i n g r e q u i r e d to support in a national landmark t h a t i s e c o n o m i c a l l y i t , can result self-sustaining. F u r t h e r , the recommended p l a n : o i s the l e a s t c o s t l y to Government of any plan which r e a s o n a b l y meets the other o b j e c t i v e s f o r the p r o j e c t . o engenders c o n s i d e r a b l y l e s s development r i s k and o f f e r s l e s s of a development c h a l l e n g e than a l t e r n a t i v e s w i t h l a r g e r r e t a i l components — a most important c o n s i d e r a t i o n . o p r o v i d e s an e x c e l l e n t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s o l u t i o n -- r e t u r n i n g the t r a c k s c l o s e r t o Columbus P l a z a and accommodating passenger functions e f f i c i e n t l y . - 23 - �o r e s u l t s i n a good b a s i c l a y o u t o f r e t a i l o i s compatible w i t h the o b j e c t i v e s of h i s t o r i c and a r c h i t e c t u r a l p r e s e r v a t i o n -- t o a g r e a t e r e x t e n t than schemes w i t h l a r g e r r e t a i l components. Preferred Assemblage - 24 - activities. �5. THE RECOMMENDED DEVELOPMENT COMPLEX The development complex o f f e r i n g g r e a t e s t i n i t i a l p o t e n t i a l would i n c l u d e Union S t a t i o n , t h e garage and t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s site. These t h r e e p r o p e r t i e s ( i l l u s t r a t e d i n concept plan on t h e opposite page) have near-term development p o t e n t i a l o f s i g n i f i c a n t magnitude. complement one another i n economic and f u n c t i o n a l terms. They They represent a l o g i c a l package o f p r o p e r t i e s f o r t h e f i r s t phase o f t h e Union S t a t i o n development program. cial F u r t h e r , w i t h o u t t h e assemblage and i n t e g r a t e d f i n a n - management o f t h e t h r e e s i t e s , t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f any development concept w i t h o u t undue F e d e r a l support i s d i m i n i s h e d . The premise i s t h a t income from these p r o p e r t i e s can be used t o help o f f s e t c a p i t a l c o s t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h Union S t a t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y tation. tial Once developed, t h i s complex o f p r o p e r t i e s w i l l generate rehabilisubstan- annual cash f l o w r e t u r n s to t h e Government, m i n i m i z i n g ongoing F e d e r a l funding requirements and f i s c a l risks. The other p r o p e r t i e s s t u d i e d -- t h e Main Post O f f i c e , GPO B u i l d i n g 4, the CSX s i t e and o v e r - t r a c k a i r r i g h t s -- do not r e p r e s e n t o f s i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e f o r t h e Union S t a t i o n program. near-term sources Over t h e longer term, however, they may become l o g i c a l f o r a c q u i s i t i o n and i n c l u s i o n i n t h e program, as i t e v o l v e s through t i m e . The e v a l u a t i o n o f the s u i t a b i l i t y o f these p r o p e r t i e s f o r i n c l u s i o n in the i n i t i a l Union S t a t i o n development complex i s b r i e f l y summarized below. - 25 - �The Garage and R e l a t e d T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Elements The garage i s an e s s e n t i a l f u n c t i o n a l and f i n a n c i a l component of the Union S t a t i o n development complex: o I t w i l l provide approximately 1,300 p a r k i n g spaces f o r r a i l passengers and programmed commercial development use. (Approxim a t e l y 500 spaces w i l l be needed f o r r a i l passengers i n 1985.) o I t w i l l a l s o accommodate l o c a l p u b l i c t r a n s i t buses tour buses. o I m p o r t a n t l y , i t could c o n t r i b u t e approximately $2 m i l l i o n in annual revenues to the p r o j e c t once i t has reached s t a b i l i z e d operations. 1/ The D i s t r i c t of Columbia Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n completing the p a r k i n g garage and (D.C. and DOT) is a s s o c i a t e d elements, through a s p e c i a l a l l o c a t i o n of up to $40 m i l l i o n of I n t e r s t a t e Highway funds. D.C. DOT c o n s u l t a n t s are under c o n t r a c t to design the plans f o r comple- t i o n of the garage s u p e r s t r u c t u r e and attendant elements i n c l u d i n g : s u p e r s t r u c t u r e (1,296 p a r k i n g s p a c e s ) southeast and n o r t h e a s t ramps connecting s t r u c t u r e to Union S t a t i o n b u i l d i n g r a i l passenger access to l o w e r - l e v e l t r a c k s 1/ Revenue p r o j e c t i o n s f o r the garage were prepared by Barton-Aschman Associ a t e s . - 26 - �In a d d i t i o n t o t h e p a r k i n g f u n c t i o n and s e r v i n g l o c a l (Metrobus) t r a n s i t , the garage has been examined w i t h r e s p e c t t o accommodating: a heliport f a c i l i t y ; t o u r buses; long d i s t a n c e i n t e r c i t y bus l i n e s ; and a i r p o r t connector s e r v i c e . Any this conclusion w i t h r e s p e c t t o such uses a r e o u t s i d e t h e scope o f study. The A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s S i t e The A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s (AOC) s i t e (Squares 721 and 722 t o the e a s t o f Union S t a t i o n ) was i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e Union S t a t i o n Redevelopment Act o f 1981 as being a v a i l a b l e f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t h e Union S t a t i o n r e d e v e l o p ment p r o j e c t . As w i t h t h e garage, t h e AOC s i t e r e p r e s e n t s a p o t e n t i a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t f i n a n c i a l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e Union S t a t i o n redevelopment p r o j e c t . Land revenues t o t h e p r o j e c t have been e s t i m a t e d a t up t o $2 m i l l i o n per y e a r , once an o f f i c e b u i l d i n g i s developed on t h e s i t e and f u l l y The property leased. has near-term development p o t e n t i a l as an o f f i c e b u i l d i n g or b u i l d i n g s c o n t a i n i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 460,000 square f e e t o f net r e n t a b l e space. Up t o 654 p a r k i n g spaces could a l s o be developed below the b u i l d i n g . Whether t h i s many spaces a r e a c t u a l l y developed w i l l for depend upon demand them and t h e p a r k i n g r a t e s t r u c t u r e a c h i e v a b l e . I n t e r v i e w s conducted during t h i s study e s t a b l i s h e d p o s i t i v e , i f p r e - l i m i n a r y and u n o f f i c i a l , i n t e r e s t on t h e p a r t o f t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e O f f i c e o f t h e United S t a t e s Courts (The C o u r t s ) i n c o n s o l i d a t i n g t h e i r o f f i c e s (now s c a t t e r e d and remote from t h e Supreme Court B u i l d i n g ) together with r e l a t e d f u n c t i o n s (such as t h e F e d e r a l J u d i c i a l Center and Supreme Court - 27 - �AOC Site Development Concept �o f f i c e s ) i n a new o f f i c e b u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t e d on t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' site. The Courts would r e q u i r e a s u b s t a n t i a l block o f t h e o f f i c e space t h a t could be b u i l t on t h e AOC s i t e . Thus t h e r e appears t o be a r e a d y - made market f o r much o f t h e o f f i c e space t h a t would be c o n s t r u c t e d a t t h e site. Hill Demand f o r remaining space could be s t r o n g i n view o f t h e key C a p i t o l location of the building. The ground v a l u e s inherent i n such a development would be annexed to t h e Union S t a t i o n p r o j e c t . I t i s important to note t h a t the s u c c e s s o f t h e AOC component w i l l depend upon agreement among t h e E x e c u t i v e , L e g i s l a t i v e and J u d i c i a l Branches on t h e mechanics o f t h e arrangements, which may r e q u i r e l e g i s l a t i o n . They a l s o depend upon a commitment o f a major t e n a n t such as t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i v e O f f i c e o f t h e U.S. Courts t o pay market r e n t a l r a t e s f o r occupancy i n t h e new b u i l d i n g . ize F a i l u r e on e i t h e r o f these p o i n t s would compromise or j e o p a r d - t h e v a l u e o f t h e A r c h i t e c t o f t h e C a p i t o l ' s s i t e t o t h e Union S t a t i o n program. T h a t , i n t u r n , would r e q u i r e r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n of t h e f e a s i b i l i t y of t h e p r o j e c t . CSX, Main Post O f f i c e and GPO B u i l d i n g 4 S i t e s These t h r e e s i t e s were analyzed i n market and f i n a n c i a l terms and deemed not s u i t a b l e f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t h e i n i t i a l Union S t a t i o n complex development package. At a l a t e r t i m e , probably not before 1990, they may become a t t r a c t i v e c a n d i d a t e s f o r an expanded development program. The CSX S i t e I t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t t h i s e x t e n s i v e p a r c e l can be a s i g n i f i c a n t added source o f v a l u e t o t h e Union S t a t i o n complex a t t h i s t i m e . - 29 - �However, the p r o p e r t y i s an a t t r a c t i v e s i t e f o r e v e n t u a l h o t e l , and o f f i c e development. tial will retail I t s l o c a t i o n suggests t h a t i t s development poten- be h e a v i l y i n f l u e n c e d by the t i m i n g and type of development at Union S t a t i o n . Coordinated p l a n n i n g and i n t e g r a t e d design of these two important p r o j e c t s are h i g h l y d e s i r a b l e . The Main Post O f f i c e C u r r e n t i n d i c a t i o n s are t h a t the e a r l i e s t time when t h i s may property become a v a i l a b l e f o r redevelopment would be 1987, s i n c e the United S t a t e s P o s t a l S e r v i c e has advised t h a t i t i n t e n d s to c o n t i n u e occupancy through at l e a s t 1986. The bulk of the space i n the b u i l d i n g i s c u r r e n t l y devoted to i n d u s t r i a l / w a r e h o u s e type f u n c t i o n s r e l a t e d to m a i l h a n d l i n g , w i t h a modest amount of space being used to house a branch post o f f i c e . O f f i c e use was determined to be the h i g h e s t and best use f o r the prop e r t y , and a c c o r d i n g l y v a r i o u s a d a p t i v e o f f i c e reuse a l t e r n a t i v e s were developed i n p h y s i c a l p l a n n i n g terms. These a l t e r n a t i v e s p r o v i d e f o r between 220,000 and 350,000 net square f e e t of space on t h r e e f l o o r s . F i n a n c i a l e v a l u a t i o n of these a l t e r n a t i v e s s t r o n g l y suggests t h a t t h i s p r o p e r t y i s u n l i k e l y to generate any v a l u e f o r the Union S t a t i o n p r o j e c t , due to the p r o h i b i t i v e l y high r e h a b i l i t a t i o n c o s t s i n r e l a t i o n to the market r e n t s judged a c h i e v a b l e . T h i s would be the case even i f the p r o p e r t y could be a c q u i r e d at zero c o s t . Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e B u i l d i n g 4 Block Redevelopment of t h i s s i t e would e n t a i l d e m o l i t i o n of the e x i s t i n g warehouse on the s i t e and assemblage of the s m a l l e r p a r c e l s i n the same - 30 - �block. In l i g h t of the l e s s - t h a n - c e n t r a l l o c a t i o n of t h i s s i t e , i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t t h e p r o p e r t y would be r i p e f o r development u n t i l around 1990. The development concept e n v i s i o n e d f o r t h i s s i t e c o n s i s t s o f two 230,000 square f o o t o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s ready f o r occupancy i n 1990 and 1993, w i t h r e l a t e d p a r k i n g needs met i n an above-grade p a r k i n g As w i t h t h e Main Post O f f i c e s i t e , f i n a n c i a l ing structure. a n a l y s i s o f t h e GPO B u i l d - 4 s i t e suggests t h a t f o r some y e a r s t o come, t h e c o s t s o f r e d e v e l o p i n g t h i s p r o p e r t y a r e p r o j e c t e d t o exceed t h e v a l u e s c r e a t e d . Air Rights Development I t i s assumed t h a t a l l r a i l r o a d t r a c k s a t Union S t a t i o n w i l l remain i n use f o r t h e f o r e s e e a b l e f u t u r e . P r i o r t o c o n s t r u c t i o n o f any new b u i l d i n g s north o f Union S t a t i o n , then, a p l a t f o r m ( c a p a b l e o f s u p p o r t i n g h i g h - r i s e s t r u c t u r e s ) must be c o n s t r u c t e d over t h e t r a c k s . Constructing t h i s platform would make t h e new b u i l d i n g s f a r more c o s t l y than s i m i l a r b u i l d i n g s cons t r u c t e d on t h e ground. Hence a i r r i g h t s development w i l l not be f e a s i b l e u n l e s s and u n t i l b u i l d i n g r e n t s i n c r e a s e t o t h e p o i n t where such expensive construction i s j u s t i f i e d . Such an e v e n t u a l i t y i s w e l l beyond t h e i n i t i a l time frame f o r t h e redevelopment o f Union S t a t i o n . - 31 - ��6. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS Of t h e $70 m i l l i o n i n c o s t , a t l e a s t $30 m i l l i o n can be p r i v a t e l y financed. P r o j e c t Costs The c o s t o f a l l new Government e x p e n d i t u r e s n e c e s s a r y t o r e h a b i l i t a t e Union S t a t i o n and r e t u r n passenger f u n c t i o n s t o t h e s t a t i o n i s e s t i m a t e d a t $70 m i l l i o n . T h i s f i g u r e covers "new money" o n l y ; i . e . , items f o r which the Government i s not a l r e a d y committed. These c o s t s would l i k e l y be i n c u r r e d over a p e r i o d o f t h r e e t o f o u r y e a r s . COST SUMMARY 1983 Forward • ( M i l l i o n s of Current D o l l a r s ) 1983 -- Management E n t i t y 1985 1986 $19.5 $25.6 $21.9 $ 0.6 Rehabi1itate Union S t a t i o n 1984 $ 0.7 $ 0.8 Garage ( p r e v i o u s l y funded) AOC B u i l d i n g ( t o be p r i v a t e l y funded) E x i s t i n g Lease Commitment $ 3.5 ( a n n u a l l y through 2001) - 33 - 1987 TOTAL $67.0 $ 0.9 $ 3.0 �NOTES TO GOVERNMENT COST SUMMARY Costs i n c l u d e e s t i m a t e s o f a l l new Government e x p e n d i t u r e s n e c e s s a r y t o r e h a b i l i t a t e and r e d e v e l o p Station: Union R e p a i r , r e s t o r a t i o n , and r e n o v a t i o n o f s t r u c t u r e and b u i l d i n g systems Construction of a l l r a i l passenger facilities Replacement s t a t i o n d e m o l i t i o n and t r a c k e x t e n s i o n General C o n t r a c t o r f e e C o n s t r u c t i o n contingency o f 10% P r o v i s i o n f o r i n f l a t i o n o f c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s , e s t i m a t e d a t 8.14% per y e a r " S o f t c o s t s " e s t i m a t e d a t 30% o f hard c o s t s ( a r c h i t e c t / e n g i n e e r i n g f e e s , s u r v e y s and t e s t s , p r o j e c t c o n t i n g e n c y , p r o j e c t management, e t c . ) Costs e x c l u d e : R e t a i l , r e s t a u r a n t , and o f f i c e s h e l l s and f i n a l fit-out Items p r e v i o u s l y funded: o Roof r e p a i r and r e p a i r o f west h a l l and concourse s k y l i g h t s (funded by N a t i o n a l Park o P a r k i n g garage and a s s o c i a t e d ramp c o n s t r u c t i o n (funded by D.C. DOT) o "Connecting Service) s t r u c t u r e " and l o w e r - l e v e l t r a c k a c c e s s (funded by D.C. DOT) At p r e s e n t the Government l e a s e s t h e s t a t i o n from p r i v a t e owners f o r $3.5 m i l l i o n p e r y e a r . Under t h e proposed program t h i s c o s t , o r the c o s t o f p u r c h a s i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e , would c o n t i n u e . However such c o s t i s a p r e v i o u s commitment o f the Congress and i s not a "new money" requirement o f the proposed program. �P r o j e c t Revenues When t h e p r o j e c t i s developed and l e a s e d , t h e Government could r e a l i z e income o f $5 m i l l i o n or more per y e a r . As o p e r a t i o n s s t a b i l i z e ( s a y 1988), t h i s income could c o n s i s t o f : Union S t a t i o n B u i l d i n g ( n e t l e a s e payments from the building's r e t a i l / o f f i c e developer) P a r k i n g Garage ( n e t revenues from t h e f a c i l i t y ) A r c h i t e c t of the Capitol $1.3 m i l l i o n $2.0 m i l l i o n ( n e t land l e a s e payments from t h e AOC s i t e l e s s e e ) Total $1.8 m i l l i o n $5.1 m i l l i o n As shown on t h e Government Net Revenue Summary on page 37, t h e Government's income should g r a d u a l l y i n c r e a s e through p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n p r o j e c t cash f l o w s . tenants. A l l o p e r a t i n g c o s t s would be funded by t h e d e v e l o p e r ( s ) and The Government's o n l y continued p r o j e c t expense would be a d m i n i s - t r a t i v e c o s t s , and even t h e s e could g r e a t l y d i m i n i s h once t h e p r o j e c t i s completed. Downside R i s k s : There a r e s i g n i f i c a n t downside r i s k s as w e l l as upside p o t e n t i a l s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e Government's revenue stream. Some u n l i k e l y but p o s s i b l e events t h a t would modify t h e f i n a n c i a l p r o j e c t i o n s a r e : F a i l u r e o f t h e p a r t i e s t o reach agreement on key elements o f the AOC s i t e program. Such f a i l u r e would c o s t t h e Government almost $2 m i l l i o n per y e a r i n land l e a s e revenues. Continued s l u g g i s h n e s s i n n a t i o n a l r e t a i l and o f f i c e markets. Such an e v e n t u a l i t y could lead developers t o i n s i s t on a s m a l l e r or slower commercial development program f o r Union S t a t i o n than e n v i s i o n e d here. I f , f o r example, t h e developer implemented o n l y a 50,000 square f o o t r e t a i l program, he could a f f o r d l e a s e payments t o t h e Government $0.6 t o $0.7 m i l l i o n per y e a r lower than those p o r t r a y e d i n t h i s a n a l y s i s . I n a d d i t i o n , garage revenues would decrease roughly $0.5 m i l l i o n per y e a r due t o l e s s e n e d p a r k i n g demand. - 35 - �Upside P o t e n t i a l s : project financial results On t h e other hand, p o s s i b i l i t i e s t h a t could enhance include: S i g n i f i c a n t improvement o f o f f i c e market c o n d i t i o n s , a l l o w i n g an i n c r e a s e i n a c h i e v a b l e r e n t s from t h e AOC and h i s t o r i c Union S t a t i o n o f f i c e components. Outstanding p u b l i c acceptance of t h e h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g r e t a i l development, l e a d i n g to h i g h e r p r o d u c t i v i t i e s and r e n t s than anticipated. Once more, the " C o n d i t i o n s f o r S u c c e s s " l i s t e d on page 11 should be c i t e d , namely: 1. Parking; 2. Development R i s k and Management E n t i t y . - 36 - 3. A Development �GOVERNMENT NET REVENUE SUMMARY 1984 1985 1986 Net l e a s e payments from the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g r e t a i l / o f f i c e developer 1987 1988 and beyond, annually $0.9 $1.3 Revenues from the Garage — $1.1 $1.2 $1.8 $2.0 Land l e a s e payments from the AOC s i t e l e s s e e $1.2 $1.2 $1.8 $1.8 $1.8 $1.2 $2.3 $3.0 $4.5 $5.1 o r more TOTAL Notes: o Revenues a r e e n t i r e l y n e t o f o p e r a t i n g c o s t s — i n c l u d i n g c o s t o f o p e r a t i n g t h e h i s t o r i c s t a t i o n i t s e l f . More s p e c i f i c a l l y , o p e r a t i n g c o s t s deducted from r e v e n u e s include: U t i l i t i e s (heating, cooling, e l e c t r i c i t y ) R e p a i r and replacement r e s e r v e (equipment, r o o f , p a i n t , e t c . ) Real e s t a t e t a x e s , i f l e v i e d , o r payment i n l i e u t h e r e o f Common a r e a maintenance, i n c l u d i n g s t a t i o n p u b l i c a r e a s Security L e a s i n g & Management Insurance o O f f i c e / r e t a i l developer would l e a s e s h e l l space on a net b a s i s . Rent has been c a l c u l a t e d a t $0.9 m i l l i o n base a n n u a l l y p l u s 25 p e r c e n t o f n e t o p e r a t i n g income. The development o f the AOC s i t e i s assumed t o produce economic v a l u e o f $1.2 m i l l i o n per y e a r p l u s 5 p e r c e n t o f n e t o p e r a t i n g income. The p r e c i s e arrangements a r e s u b j e c t to f u r t h e r d i s c u s s i o n and s t u d y . �Cash Flow P o s s i b i l i t i e s One o p t i o n a v a i l a b l e to Government would be to s e l l i t s projected revenue streams at v a r i o u s s t a g e s i n the p r o j e c t , a measure by which the Government could r a i s e $30 m i l l i o n or more to d e f r a y a p o r t i o n of the c a p i t a l costs. T h i s example assumes revenue streams from each p r o j e c t component are s o l d i n the y e a r of opening or s h o r t l y t h e r e a f t e r . The proceeds would a p p r o x i m a t e l y equal the p r e s e n t v a l u e of the revenues i n the y e a r of s a l e , using a discount rate that appropriately r e f l e c t s project mated t i m i n g and magnitude of proceeds are as The esti- follows: Parcel Proceeds Year Garage $12.8 million 1985 AOC $12.6 million 1986 Site $25.4 m i l l i o n Total Thus, should the Government decide to s e l l F e d e r a l o u t l a y s e s t i m a t e d through 1987 would be as risks. i t s revenues, t o t a l a f t e r the income streams are new sold follows: Rehabilitation Costs $67.0 m i l l i o n Management Costs $ 3.0 million L e s s : AOC $12.6 million $12.8 million $ 3.3 million $41.3 million Proceeds L e s s : Garage Proceeds L e s s : Revenues P r i o r to Sales Peak F e d e r a l Requirement - 38 - �Once the h i s t o r i c b u i l d i n g i s open and f u l l y and o f f i c e t e n a n t s , sold. occupied w i t h retail l e a s e revenues from t h i s b u i l d i n g could a l s o p o s s i b l y be An e s t i m a t e d $11 m i l l i o n might be r a i s e d i n 1988, a l l o w i n g the Govern- ment immediately to recoup a p o r t i o n of i t s investment i n the p r o j e c t . I f the Government were to s e l l the revenues from Union S t a t i o n i n 1988, its total investment would be reduced from $41.3 m i l l i o n to $30.7 m i l l i o n . A f t e r t h a t time t h e r e would be no s i g n i f i c a n t o u t l a y s or r e c e i p t s . S p e c i f i c mechanisms have not been d e v i s e d ; or guarantees w i l l bear i m p o r t a n t l y the q u e s t i o n of s e c u r i t y on f i n a n c i a l r e s u l t s . However, the p r o j e c t i o n s shown here are deemed to be s u f f i c i e n t l y c o n s e r v a t i v e be r e f l e c t i v e of an a c h i e v a b l e case. - 39 - as t o �GOVERNMENT CASH REQUIREMENTS ("Most probable" assumption) 1984 ( M i l l i o n s of C u r r e n t D o l l a r s ) 1987 1986 1985 1988 TOTAL Costs o Rehabilitation $(19.5) $(25.6) o Management E n t i t y $ (0.6) $ (0.7) $ (0.8) $(67.0) $(21.9) $ (0.9) $(0.5) $ (3.5) $ $11.1 $ 12.0 $ 12.8 $ 15.0 Revenues o S a l e of Union S t a t i o n o S a l e of Garage Revenue o AOC S i t e Lease Payment and S a l e Lease $ $ 1.2 12.8 $ 1.2 0.9 $ 12.6 Cash Required o Annual $(18.9) $(12.3) $(10.1) o Cumulative $(18.9) $(31.2) $(41.3) $10.6 $(41.3) $(30.7) $(30.7) Peak Requirement E x i s t i n g Lease Commitment $ ( 3 . 5 ) ( a n n u a l l y through 2001) o Union S t a t i o n . Financed i n 1988, the f i r s t f u l l y e a r of o p e r a t i o n . Proceeds e s t i m a t e d by d i s c o u n t i n g p r o j e c t e d f i x e d component of r e n t a t 17 p e r c e n t and v a r i a b l e (overage r e n t ) component a t 22 p e r c e n t — l e s s an e s t i m a t e d 3 p e r c e n t c o s t . o Garage. revenues o AOC s i t e . Financed i n y e a r of f u l l occupancy. at 18 p e r c e n t — l e s s 3 p e r c e n t c o s t . o A c t u a l r e s u l t s would be s u b j e c t to wide v a r i a t i o n from e s t i m a t e s shown here depending on economic c o n d i t i o n s a t t i m e , s e c u r i t y provided and s i m i l a r f a c t o r s . S p e c i f i c mechanics and i n s t r u m e n t s have not been designed. Financed i n y e a r of opening. F i n a n c i n g proceeds e s t i m a t e d by d i s c o u n t i n g p r o j e c t e d net a t 20 p e r c e n t — l e s s 3 p e r c e n t c o s t . Proceeds e s t i m a t e d by d i s c o u n t i n g l e a s e revenues �7. THE ALTERNATIVE CHOICE: MOTHBALLING UNION STATION There a r e two c h o i c e s f o r Union S t a t i o n : i t c l o s e d down. redevelopment or keeping E s s e n t i a l l y , two c h o i c e s emerged from t h i s s t u d y . One i s t o r e h a b i l i - t a t e and redevelop t h e b u i l d i n g i n a balanced program o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and commercial u s e s , as d e s c r i b e d i n t h e p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n s . The other i s t o mothball Union S t a t i o n and t o m a i n t a i n t h e replacement r a i l station. M o t h b a l l i n g , t h a t i s keeping Union S t a t i o n c l o s e d , would not necess a r i l y be l e s s e x p e n s i v e than t h e development program p r e v i o u s l y o u t l i n e d . The Government would have t o spend $8 m i l l i o n f o r r e p a i r s needed t o secure the i n t e g r i t y o f t h e b u i l d i n g , over and above t h e money now being spent by the Park S e r v i c e f o r r o o f r e p a i r s . The Government would a l s o have t o pay an e s t i m a t e d $1 m i l l i o n per y e a r i n maintenance, and a d m i n i s t r a t i v e c o s t . utility, security "Doing n o t h i n g , " t h e r e f o r e , would c o s t a t l e a s t $25-$30 m i l l i o n over t h e remaining 19 y e a r s o f t h e Government's l e a s e -i n a d d i t i o n to $66.5 m i l l i o n i n r e n t . For t h i s investment, t h e Government would r e a l i z e no r e t u r n , able d i f f i c u l t i e s i n g e t t i n g t o and from t h e t r a i n s t a t i o n would be p e r - p e t u a t e d , and t h e b u i l d i n g would c o n t i n u e t o stand empty. bility unaccept- and f i n a n c i a l l i a b i l i t y would be p e r p e t u a t e d . - 41 - Government r e s p o n s i - ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Washington Union Station : market/planning study Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Urban renewal Description An account of the resource Prepared for United States Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gladstone Associates Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 16, 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Federal Railroad Administration United States. Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/a7198376729781dae492c7972b67fa72.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qwo%7EbtPSJ1N-mJrqCNhJQUmQB2-6NB9f%7EM4BFGEg8kBpIG1oQEeBtqCtpHPGk49AN0t3SUr0Mfiq2tRX9dtNxBIcW5SEedDC6XyklwWyVvkhiYMM9CdlUjkUDstVs-4i4qznoXnZB%7E67ZgLeLZH-f9mcG2sByrFI2KHTdvkLzT93Hih8u2H-VSeT95iZBGSzCxHu-XrFrF-3IvjO0aXzWLFs3UVlHxRh-jeEv-g1e-mqwPdmbOjsRDrv5-yrI6azu98KipLlKrJx5IG55ZC2R2LvfaFhqkqNHd1ogcpHoyZfuxWuk7aStjIx8tfctZciFG%7EMx9ixAt0UlVzvqIRTtg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4f98ccfbfd9c713f0ee9b3bc2912df20 PDF Text Text Washington Union Station Special Study for the FRA Task Force on Union Station Appendix NORTHEAST CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROJECT November 1977 Federal Railroad Administration Department of Transportation DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons 1201 Connecticut Avenue N.W Washington, D.C. 20036 �T h i s Appendix has been prepared f o r the F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n by DeLeuw C a t h e r / P a r s o n s and Skidmore, Owings & M e r r i l l , project architects. I t s e r v e s as an a t t a c h ment to the S p e c i a l Study f o r the FRA Task F o r c e on Union S t a t i o n dated October 1977. Included items: A. B. C. D. E. i n the Appendix a r e the following L i s t of C o n t a c t s Reference Documents L i s t of P r e s e n t a t i o n M a t e r i a l s Submitted to the FRA S t r u c t u r a l Drawings Mechanical and E l e c t r i c a l Drawings 116 118 122 123 137 115 �L I S T OF CONTACTS Persons c o n t a c t e d by DCP/SOM d u r i n g the p r e p a r a t i o n of the October 1977 S p e c i a l Study f the FRA Task Force on Union S t a t i o n a r e l i s t below along w i t h t h e i r t i t l e and/or the orga i z a t i o n which they r e p r e s e n t . Views and o p i n i o n s of the i n d i v i d u a l s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s l i s t a r e not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t e d by the c o n t e n t s of the S p e c i a l Study. Suat Basaran C h i e f of T r a f f i c P l a n n i n g and Design, D i v i s i o n of the Bureau of T r a f f i c E n g i n e e r i n and O p e r a t i o n s , D.C. Department of Transportation J . Raymond Carroll D i r e c t o r of E n g i n e e r i n g , C a p i t o l Power P l a n t Building James E. C l a r k , III Head of the O f f i c e of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P o l i c i e ! and P l a n s , and an A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r f o r the D.C. Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Richard J . Dawson Bus Operations S p e c i a l i s t , O f f i c e of System and S e r v i c e P l a n n i n g , Washington M e t r o p o l i t a i Area T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y Michael Maintenance Mechanic Foreman, D i v i s i o n of Maintenance, N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r , Nations Park S e r v i c e , DOI Doherty W i l l i a m F. Drumeller A s s i s t a n t C h i e f E n g i n e e r , C h e s s i e System George E a r n h a r t P r o j e c t E n g i n e e r , WMATA Program Team, Urban Mass T r a n s i t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , DOT Wayland P. Fairchild C o n s t r u c t i o n O f f i c e , Denver S e r v i c e C e n t e r , N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , DOI W i l l i a m T. Fauntroy, J r . Urban P l a n n e r , O f f i c e of System and S e r v i c e P l a n n i n g , Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n Area Transit Autority W i l l i a m P. Frank E l e c t r i c i a n , Washington T e r m i n a l Company Bob Gresham A s s i s t a n t D i r e c t o r f o r Master and P r o j e c t P l a n s , N a t i o n a l C a p i t o l P l a n n i n g Commission James C. G e n e r a l Manager, N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r , N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , DOI Gross 116 �John G u t h r i e N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r , N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , DOI Dave Hammers D.C. O f f i c e of Mass T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , D.C. Department o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n David Kuhnhardt O f f i c e of the A r c h i t e c t o f the C a p i t o l B i l l McGuirk D.C. O f f i c e of Mass T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , D.C. Department o f T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Frank P. Mosca Technical A s s i s t a n t , P r o j e c t Planning D i v i s i o n , O f f i c e of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P o l i c i e s and P l a n s , D.C. Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n John W. E n g i n e e r , F i x e d P r o p e r t y , Washington Termina l Company Philips Thomas H. Ramsey D i r e c t o r of S t a t i o n s , AMTRAK Dean Robinson N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , DOI J.C. Rouse Superintendent of S t r e e t O p e r a t i o n s , O f f i c e of Bus S e r v i c e s , Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n Area T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y C. Russ Scoville Manager, WMATA Program Team, Urban Mass T r a n s i t A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , DOT C. W. Shaw, J r . Manager, Washington T e r m i n a l Company James Smith C h i e f E n g i n e e r , Washington T e r m i n a l Company Steven F. Stubits C h i e f of P r o j e c t P l a n n i n g D i v i s i o n , O f f i c e of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P o l i c i e s and P l a n s , D.C. Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Thomas S. Trimmer D i r e c t o r , O f f i c e o f Bus S e r v i c e s , Washington Metropolitan Area T r a n s i t Authority Karen Walker Tourmobile S i g h t s e e i n g Information 117 �B. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS The f o l l o w i n g documents were used f o r r e f e r ence d u r i n g p r e p a r a t i o n o f t h e October 1977 S p e c i a l Study f o r t h e FRA Task FOrce on Union S t a t i o n : Drawings: The N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center, Washington, D.C. PROJECT No. 1 - ALTERATION OF UNION STATION BUILDING, F e b r u a r y 28, 197 5 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , E n g i n e e r s PROJECT Nos. 2 & 3 - PARKING GARAGE December 2 1 , 1973 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , Engineers NEW RAILROAD STATION - WEST SECTION May 15, 1975 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , E n g i n e e r s NEW RAILROAD STATION - EAST SECTION May 15, 1975 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , E n g i n e e r s NORTHWEST RAMP, A p r i l 15, 1975 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , Engineers SOUTHEAST RAMP, May 19, 1975 Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t Sverdrup & P a r c e l , Engineers THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER ( S e t A ) , V a r i e d D a t e s The Potomac Group, A r c h i t e c t s Severud-Perrone-Sturm-Bandel, S t r u c t u r a l E n g i n e e r s S y s k a & Hennessy, I n c . , M e c h a n i c a l & E l e c t r i c a l Engineers THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER ( S e t B ) , V a r i e d Dates The Potomac Group, A r c h i t e c t s S y s k a & Hennessy, I n c . , E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r s TEMPORARY OVERHEAD WALKWAY, November N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e 20, 1976 RELOCATION OF VAULTS 7 & 17, October 1976 N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e SHORING DIAGRAM FOR SOUTH WALL, P r o j e c t 2B October 27, 1976 Sverdrup & P a r c e l , C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s 118 �WMATA WEST CLOSURE WALL (CONCOURSE) November 197 5 AIR CONDITIONING AND HEATING SYSTEM September 1 1 , 1976 Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger UNION STATION EXISTING MECHANICAL & PLUMBING DRAWINGS - 197 6 S u l l i v a n Associates, Engineers Drawings: Washington Union S t a t i o n UNION STATION - WASHINGTON, D.C. O r i g i n a l drawings prepared by D a n i e l H. Burnham & Co., A r c h i t e c t s ELECTRIC RISER DIAGRAMS December 1967 Washington T e r m i n a l Company Reports, Specifications and Other Documentation THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER F A C I L I T I E S ACT OF 1968 REVIEW OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER PROJECT June 25, 1976 N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e , DOI FUND STATUS SUMMARY, J u l y 20, 1976 F l o y d P. Hough THE STATUS AND PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTING THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER, A p r i l 4, 1977 Report t o the Congress by t h e C o m p t r o l l e r General of the United S t a t e s GAO FINAL REPORT ON THE NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER, A p r i l 8, 1977 NON-TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - PROJECTS 1 ( A l t e r a t i o n o f Union S t a t i o n ) , 2 ( P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y ) , and 3 ( T r a n s p o r t a t i o n T e r m i n a l ) SPECIFICATIONS, PROJECT 1 , F e b r u a r y 27, 197 3 SPECIFICATIONS, N.W. RAMPS, A p r i l 15, 1975 SPECIFICATIONS, RAILROAD STATION, WEST & EAST May 15, 1975 119 �ROOFING SYSTEM STUDY, NATIONAL VISITOR CENTER May 1977 The WKR P a r t n e r s h i p SUBSURFACE EXPLORATIONS: PARKING STRUCTURE, August 1971 ALTERATION OF UNION STATION, J u l y 1973 PARKING STRUCTURE AND RAMPS, J a n u a r y 1975 Sverdrup & P a r c e l , C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s P I L E LOAD TEST RESULTS: REPORT No. 1 , F e b r u a r y 1973 REPORT No. 6, J u l y 1974 Sverdrup & P a r c e l , C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION, May 3, 1972 Foundation T e s t S e r v i c e SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION, November 9, 197 3 Foundation T e s t S e r v i c e FIXED PRICE PROPOSAL FOR 2A, 2B AND 4 t h PARKING DECK, J u l y 13, 1976 George Hyman C o n s t r u c t i o n Company NORTH WALL STEEL DETERIORATION November 5, 1976 Severud, P e r r o n e , Sturm, Bandel ENGINEERING REPORTS, J a n u a r y 28, 197 7 N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r , N a t i o n a l Park Service ELECTRICAL - SURVEY, SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS, CONSTRUCTION, MISCELLANEOUS October 14, 1975 C o n s t r u c t i o n Work Order f o r T e r m i n a l R e a l i t y B a l t i m o r e Company and t h e George Hyman C o n s t r u c t i o n Company TEST-BALANCE ADJUSTMENT REPORT, THEATERS & BOOKSTORE, J u l y 30, 1976 U n i t e d Roofing and Sheet M e t a l , I n c . TEST-BALANCE ADJUSTMENT REPORT, FAST FOOD KITCHEN, August 3, 1976 U n i t e d Roofing and Sheet M e t a l , I n c . 120 �A I R HANDLING REPORT, NATIONAL V I S I T O R CENTER September 1976 S t r o m b e r g S h e e t M e t a l Works S P E C I F I C A T I O N - R E H A B I L I T A T E STEAM AND HOT WATER SYSTEMS AND PROVIDE A I R CONDITIONING, September 1976 STEAM COST STUDY, NATIONAL V I S I T O R CENTER March, 1977 The W K R Partnership STEAM SOURCE STUDY AND HVAC SYSTEM R E T R O F I T PRELIMINARY REPORT The W K R Partnership - E L E C T R I C SYSTEMS REPORT D. R a y J o h a n n i n g s m e i r , N a t i o n a l Park Service TRANSFORMER RATINGS N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r Maintenance Department �WASHINGTON UNION STATIONL I S T OF PRESENTATION MATERIALS SUBMITTED TO THE FRA ITEM No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Drawings E x i s t i n g S i t e Plan ( 2 ) * Recommended S i t e A c c e s s (7) S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Basement (49) S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Ground L e v e l (51) S t r u c t u r a l Problem Areas/Mezzanine (54) Ground L e v e l E x i s t i n g C o n d i t i o n s (62) A l t e r n a t i v e 1 (64) A l t e r n a t i v e 2 (66) A l t e r n a t i v e 3 (68) A l t e r n a t i v e 4 (6) & (7 0) Modified A l t e r n a t i v e 4 M o d i f i e d A l t e r n a t i v e 4 (Base Sheet w/o C o l o r ) C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme A With A d d i t i o n s C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B With A d d i t i o n s C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme B Reverse C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C Photographs 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Main H a l l Main H a l l Concourse Temporary Temporary Long-haul and West Wing (PAVE) and West Wing Station - 1 Station - 2 Gate Model 25. Model w i t h Replacement S e c t i o n s t o I l l u s t r a t e Both E x i s t i n g C o n d i t i o n s aid C i r c u l a t i o n Scheme C *Numbers i n p a r e n t h e s i s a r e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g page numbers i n t h e main body o f t h e r e p o r t . 122 �STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS S t r u c t u r a l e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s drawings which appear on the f o l l o w i n g pages were prepared by KCE S t r u c t u r a l E n g i n e e r s , P.C. P o r t i o n s of t h e s i t e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e drawings l i s t e d below i n c l u d e t h e P a r k i n g Garage, Esplanade Roadway, and t h e Southeast Ramp. Index Grid Plan Foundation: West Foundation: East T r a c k L e v e l : West Track L e v e l : East Main L e v e l : West Main L e v e l : East Mezzanine L e v e l Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Existing Level 4 Level 4 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 ��������������MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS Index AND M e c h a n i c a l and e l e c t r i c a l drawings which appear on the f o l l o w i n g pages were prepared by F l a c k & K u r t z , C o n s u l t i n g E n g i n e e r s . C o n d i t i o n s i n the o r i g i n a l s t a t i o n a r e i n d i c a t e d on the drawings l i s t e d below: Mechanical/Basement Mechanical/Ground L e v e l Mechanical/Mezzanine Mechanical/2nd F l o o r Mechanical/3rd Floor Mechanical/4th Floor E l e c t r i c a l / B a s e m e n t - Transformer V a u l t s E l e c t r i c a l - Power T r a n s m i s s i o n System 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 ��������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Washington Union Station special study for the FRA task force on Union station : northeast corridor improvement project Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Urban renewal Description An account of the resource Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 1977 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Federal Railroad Administration United States. Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/fb65f7c81c78ed6d6aa75a7a4d9b7f5a.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=o2cD2TuE4zTjfuyaMZaV31iINUFaVl2-s9m5lMMEXNANzTkoOQ0OmMwmsxD3gQ251ytDpN8Ch9-fxsLQVaHSZYa8PTxtpQj1KnQ64OTBar0LFKVOYAwAhO5SJnucjbr6O-eSVsUehDVsU5lF%7EsrgQ3VyvT4-FEZbALNc1lqZu97g%7EyCr9wJiQLHaYRfW-JgGssng-UdKEZU5dl5dFRDiteNikNG5QZbJtE6jQwEnuTn%7E9FYsvdCeMgfwPZBxpucOKGc2ZmYSWnaM1wr9JBlQGlrcuqflYjzRUkO8FJKWuKebM6zsbi6nr3PVRebIRQpCTgucoNAA5F6yUhTpe129dw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f98c241872188081c25ee879dfa6a925 PDF Text Text ENGINEERING SURVEY OF UNION STATION WASHINGTON D.C. For The Federal Railroad Administration Department of Transportation EWING COLE CHERRY PARSK? ARCHITECTS -UNION STATION- ENGINEERS PLANNERS ��ENGINEERING SURVEY UNION S T A T I O N WASHINGTON, D . C . FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U . S . D E P A R T M E N T OF TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT NO. DTFR53-82-C--00265 J U N E 7, 1982 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 12, 1982 EWING C O L E C H E R R Y P A R S K Y FEDERAL R E S E R V E BANK BUILDING 100 N . 6 T H S T R E E T P H I L A D E L P H I A , P E N N S Y L V A N I A 19106 ��Section Page Architectural INTRODUCTION History 1 RESTORATION P r i n c i p l e s Identified R e s t o r a t i o n Spaces Identified T h r e e Spaces and F u n c t i o n s Discussed Office Floor Restoration Considered Scope of Restoration Summarized H i s t o r i c Colors Restoration T e c h n i q u e s 3 CODE COMPLIANCE Code a n d Occupant Reference Egress Stairs Garage Requirements Basement E g r e s s F i r s t Floor E g r e s s Mezzanine E g r e s s U p p e r Floor E g r e s s Fireproofing Emergency Systems Material Code A b s t r a c t 11 HISTORIC FACADES E x i s t i n g Condition Investigative T a s k s Required Physical Investigations Conclusions P r i o r i t i e s for Work 22 NON-HISTORIC EXTERIORS Contemporary Facades Non-Public Facades Roof S u r f a c e s 30 GLAZING Skylights T r a n s o m s and C l e r e s t o r i e s Windows 34 �Section Page BASEMENT 38 F I R S T FLOOR Main Hall Complex West Hall E a s t Hall Women's Lounge Complex Men's Smoking Room Complex Lunchroom/NVC T h e a t r e s P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite Concourse Baggage Room/NVC Offices Serving Area 40 UPPER FLOORS General S u r v e y Stairs Elevators 58 DEFINITIONS 67 TABLES Skylights ( D w g . : Skylight Locations) T r a n s o m s and C l e r e s t o r i e s ( D w g . : Transom and Clerestory Locations F i r s t F l o o r ) ( D w g . : Transom and Clerestory Locations Second F l o o r ) 69 DRAWINGS Site Plan Basement F i r s t Floor Mezzanine Second Floor T h i r d Floor F o u r t h Floor Roof Main Hall Section West Hall Section E a s t Hall Section Basement E g r e s s F i r s t Floor E g r e s s Second Floor E g r e s s T h i r d Floor E g r e s s F o u r t h Floor E g r e s s �Section Page Structural INTRODUCTION 75 BASEMENT Item S B - 1 Item S B - 2 Item S B - 3 Item S B - 4 Item S B - 5 Item S B - 6 77 F I R S T FLOOR Item S l - 1 Item S l - 2 Item S l - 3 Item S l - 4 Item S l - 5 Item S l - 6 Item S l - 7 85 SECOND FLOOR Item S 2 - 1 91 THIRD FLOOR Item S 3 - 1 Item S3-2 92 FOURTH FLOOR Item S 4 - 1 Item S4-2 Item S 4 - 3 94 ROOF 96 Item S R - 1 Items S R - 2 a n d S R - 3 Item S R - 4 Item S R - 5 Item S R - 6 GENERAL DISCUSSION P r o c e d u r e for Cleaning R u s t e d Steel L i v e Load Capacities Train-Induced Vibration 108 �DRAWINGS Basement F r a m i n g S B - 3 West Shore Removal S B - 4 E a s t Shore Removal S B - 4 P . A . V . E . Framing S I - 1 Connections to B e Redone S I - 4 K e y Plan/Corbel Detail S4-2 Roof Plan S R - 1 Stone Roof Sections S R - 1 T y p i c a l F l a t Roof F r a m i n g for Perimeter of A l l Capstone Roofs a n d Gymnasium Roof SR-1 Basement F i r s t Floor Second Floor T h i r d Floor F o u r t h Floor Roof TEST REPORTS Samples of S t r u c t u r a l Steel T e s t E . L . Conwell & C o . R e p o r t on F i r e p r o o f i n g Material T e s t E . L . Conwell & C o . I n s p e c t i o n of S t r u c t u r a l Steel Members R e p o r t E . L . Conwell & C o . Geotechnical S t u d y Woodward-Clyde C o n s u l t a n t s �Section Page Mechanical INTRODUCTION 111 HEATING SYSTEMS H i g h P r e s s u r e Steam D i s t r i b u t i o n System Steam P r e s s u r e R e d u c i n g Stations Low P r e s s u r e Steam and C o n densate R e t u r n P i p i n g System Condensate Pumps Heating T e r m i n a l s New H y d r o n i c Heating S y s t e m 112 VENTILATION SYSTEM 119 A I R CONDITIONING SYSTEM C h i l l e d Water P l a n t A i r H a n d l i n g Systems 121 TEMPERATURE CONTROLS 125 TABLES Steam P r e s s u r e R e d u c i n g Stations Condensate R e t u r n Pumps E x i s t i n g A i r Handling Units 127 DRAWINGS Basement Mezzanine Second Floor TEST REPORTS Equipment T e s t R e p o r t J o h n Wilson, I n c . Pipe Sample E v a l u a t i o n E . L . Conwell & C o . �Section Page Plumbing INTRODUCTION 133 UTILITIES S a n i t a r y and Storm S e w e r s Domestic Water S e r v i c e Rainwater System 133 INTERIOR SANITARY 137 PIPING DOMESTIC WATER Piping System Hot Water G e n e r a t o r s Water Storage T a n k s 138 PLUMBING F I X T U R E S 141 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM Fire Hydrants Wet Standpipes S p r i n k l e r System Siamese Connections Fire Extinguishers 141 TABLES Plumbing F i x t u r e T a b u l a t i o n 143 DRAWINGS Basement Roof TEST REPORTS Equipment T e s t R e p o r t J o h n Wison, I n c . Pipe Sample E v a l u a t i o n E . L . Conwell & C o . �Section Page Electrical INTRODUCTION P h y s i c a l S u r v e y Methodology 145 INCOMING S E R V I C E / M A I N S W I T C H G E A R 146 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION 1500 k V A Substation 1000-1333 k V A Substation 750 k V A Substation Temporary Removal of R a i l r o a d Loads 149 LIGHTING RESTORATION 153 MANAGEMENT S Y S T E M 159 DRAWINGS Lighting Fixtures Basement F i r s t Floor Existing One-Line Drawing Proposed O n e - L i n e D r a w i n g Main Switchgear L - l Main Switchgear L - 2 Switchgear P i c t o r i a l TEST REPORTS Engineering Evaluation - MET Electrical Testing C o . , I n c . R e p o r t of Maintenance a n d Testing Switchgear G e n e r a l Inspection R e p o r t of Thermovision a n d Ultra-Sonic Inspections High Voltage A i r Switches High Voltage A i r C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s (Main S u b s t a t i o n ) Transformers Protective Relays 15 k V Cables �Section Page Cost Estimates METHODOLOGY Itemization D i s c u s s e d Itemization Categories Estimating at Site Assumptions Identified Escalation D i s c u s s e d 165 ESCALATION CHART 167 S C O P E OF WORK High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : U r g e n t High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : O t h e r Restoration of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s Renovations to Make a B a s i c Building 167 CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATES High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : U r g e n t High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : O t h e r Restoration of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s Renovations to Make a B a s i c Building 179 �Section Page References R E F E R E N C E DRAWING L O G R E F E R E N C E BOOK L O G R E F E R E N C E PERSONNEL LOG Appendix A INVESTIGATIVE REPORT ( U n d e r Separate C o v e r ) Appendix B STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS & COST CALCULATIONS ( U n d e r Separate C o v e r ) 185 186 189 ��< 5 ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Architectural BASEMENT INTRODUCTION History F I R S T FLOOR Main H a l l Complex West H a l l E a s t Hall Women's L o u n g e Complex Men's Smoking Room Complex Lunchroom/NVC Theatres Presidential Suite Concourse B a g g a g e Room/NVC Offices Serving Area RESTORATION Principles Identified Restoration Spaces Identified T h r e e Spaces and Functions Discussed Office F l o o r R e s t o r a t i o n Considered Scope of R e s t o r a t i o n Summarized Historic Colors Restoration Techniques CODE COMPLIANCE Code a n d O c c u p a n t R e f e r e n c e Egress Stairs Garage Requirements Basement E g r e s s F i r s t Floor E g r e s s Mezzanine E g r e s s Upper Floor E g r e s s Fireproofing Emergency Systems Material Code A b s t r a c t HISTORIC FACADES E x i s t i n g Condition Investigative T a s k s Required Physical Investigations Conclusions P r i o r i t i e s for Work NON-HISTORIC EXTERIORS Contemporary Facades Non-Public Facades Roof S u r f a c e s GLAZING Skylights Transoms and Clerestories Windows UPPER FLOORS General S u r v e y Stairs Elevators DEFINITIONS TABLES Skylights (Dwg.: Skylight Locations) Transoms and Clerestories ( D w g . : Transom and Clerestory Locations F i r s t Floor) ( D w g . : Transom and Clerestory L o c a t i o n s Second F l o o r ) DRAWINGS Site Plan Basement F i r s t Floor Mezzanine Second Floor T h i r d Floor F o u r t h Floor Roof Main H a l l S e c t i o n West H a l l S e c t i o n E a s t Hall Section Basement E g r e s s F i r s t Floor E g r e s s Second F l o o r E g r e s s T h i r d Floor E g r e s s F o u r t h Floor E g r e s s < ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Introduction T h e scope of the A r c h i t e c t u r a l portion of the E n g i n e e r i n g S u r v e y i s to r e p o r t what repair and rehabilitation is r e q u i r e d to r e s t o r e the public f i n i s h e s , both i n t e r i o r and e x t e r i o r , that earned Union Station i t s landmark s t a t u s . T h i s w i l l culminate i n a n estimate of the costs i n v o l v e d . meaning a r e defined and l i s t e d i n the Definitions subsection at the end of the A r c h i t e c t u r a l s e c t i o n . T h e f i r s t phase of the E n g i n e e r i n g S u r v e y r e s u l t e d i n the Investigative Report, w h i c h was i s s u e d A p r i l 16, 1982 ( r e v i s e d A u g u s t 12, 1 9 8 2 ) , a n d i s included as A p p e n d i x A to t h i s r e p o r t ( u n d e r separate c o v e r ) . F i n a l l y , the detailed scope of w o r k h a s been placed i n a separate section titled " C o s t E s t i m a t e " , w i t h the dollar f i g u r e s generated. A d i s c u s s i o n of the itemization of the estimate is included i n the f r o n t of that s e c t i o n . T h e I n v e s t i g a t i v e Report was based on a visual survey. When conclusions could be drawn based on visual i n s p e c t i o n , t h e y were so noted. When further investigation was deemed n e c e s s a r y before conclusions could be drawn, t h i s was identified i n the Investigative Report. These further i n v e s t i g a t i o n s are r e f e r r e d to as the p h y s i c a l s u r v e y i n t h i s r e p o r t and comprise a wide range of a c t i v i t i e s , from microscopic analysis of pipe sections to i n s p e c t i n g u n d e r carpeted areas. History T h i s section, titled " A r c h i t e c t u r a l " , r e c o r d s the r e s u l t s of the p h y s i c a l survey, conclusions drawn, and a generalized scope of recommended work. Floor plans are located at the end of the A r c h i t e c t u r a l S e c t i o n , showing room and bay numbers k e y e d to the t e x t . A d i s c u s s i o n of what k i n d of r e s t o r a t i o n has been estimated is i n c l u d e d , since t h i s subject p r o v e d to be complex when general p r i n c i p l e s were applied to specific s p a c e s . Subtle shades of In this Architectural compliance a n a l y s i s , abstract of some requirements from the section i s a code including a brief of the relevant D C Code. T h e charge to the s u r v e y was to determine the requirements to r e s t o r e the public f i n i s h e s of Union S t a t i o n ; this restoration refers to Daniel B u r n h a m ' s design for a monumental station i n the nation's c a p i t a l . T r a i n s f i r s t entered Washington i n 1835 when the Baltimore and Ohio R a i l r o a d opened a station at Pennsylvania A v e n u e and 2nd S t r e e t N.W., which was later moved to New J e r s e y A v e n u e and 2nd Street N.W. In 1873, Washington authorities encouraged the P e n n s y l v a n i a R a i l r o a d to open a second station i n a n effort to achieve competit i v e r a i l f a r e s ; the new station was b u i l t at 6th and B S t r e e t s N.W. The two stations continued i n operation u n t i l the t u r n of the c e n t u r y . A t the time of the Washington C e n t e n n i a l Celebration, Congress, with wide community s u p p o r t , called for a r e o r g a n ization of the c i t y ' s r a i l p l a n n i n g . T h e y l i s t e d dangerous grade c r o s s i n g conditions as well as the adverse �aesthetic impact of h a v i n g t r a i n s on the Mall as the reasons for r e q u i r i n g a major c h a n g e . On March 19, 1 9 0 1 , Washington o r g a n ized the Senate P a r k Commission to be c h a i r e d b y Daniel H . B u r n h a m , D i r e c t o r of the World's Columbian E x p o s i t i o n i n C h i c a g o , a n d chief a r c h i t e c t for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Also i n c l u d e d i n t h i s commission were F r e d e r i c k L a w Olmstead, J r . , C h a r l e s F . McKim a n d Augustus Saint-Gaudens. T h i s group thoroughly studied the needs of the c i t y and i t s geographic features. F o r the r a i l r o a d s , the group recommended one b u i l d i n g be erected n o r t h of the mall. I n order to f u r t h e r u n d e r s t a n d contemporary p a r k s and r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l s , the committee toured Europe. Upon r e t u r n i n g , the committee proposed the "Gateway to the Nation's Capitol", a building in a c l a s s i c a l s t y l e w i t h large Roman a r c h e s forming the main e n t r y . B y legislation enacted i n 1901 a n d 1903, Congress chartered the Washington T e r m i n a l Company as a joint v e n t u r e among the r a i l r o a d s s e r v i n g Washington, predominantly the P e n n s y l v a n i a and the B&O. Washington T e r m i n a l t h e n u n d e r took the t a s k of making Union Station a reality. T h e job of p r e p a r i n g a l l d r a w i n g s a n d bid documents was g i v e n to D . H . B u r n h a m a n d Associates of Chicago. T h e f i r m followed the b u i l d i n g t h r o u g h the e n t i r e job, s t a r t i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n i n 1903, opening the b u i l d i n g i n 1907, and p u t t i n g the l a s t statue i n place i n 1913. 2 T h e station was a c i t y i n i t s e l f , housing a wide v a r i e t y of s e r v i c e s s u c h a s : a b a r b e r s h o p , a doctor's office, d r u g store, Western Union office, post office, n e w s s t a n d s , flower s h o p , up to four d i n i n g a r e a s a n d a Y . M . C . A . Union Station r e a c h e d i t s peak use d u r i n g World War I I . T h e great i n f l u x of m i l i t a r y troops necessitated improvement i n toilet rooms, d i n i n g areas a n d baggage h a n d l i n g . T h e peak load was on December 2 3 , 1944, with over 220,000 people u s i n g the station i n one day. T h e P r e s i d e n t i a l Reception Room was g i v e n to the soldiers for a U . S . O . , although i t was later r e t u r n e d to i t s o r i g i n a l function and Dwight Eisenhower was the l a s t p r e s i d e n t believed to have used it. A f t e r the w a r , b u s i n e s s fell to about 50,000 people a day and steadily declined. T h e biggest excitement i n the post w a r e r a was on J a n u a r y 5, 1953, when a runaway locomotive c r a s h e d t h r o u g h the n o r t h wall and plunged into the basement below the Concourse. A s the s i x t i e s b e g a n , r a i l r o a d p a s s e n g e r s were so few that the r a i l r o a d s considered r a z i n g the b u i l d i n g . This p o s s i b i l i t y was a v e r t e d when i n 1964 Union Station was made a local h i s t o r i c landmark. While the r a i l r o a d s remained i n t e r e s t e d i n r e l i n q u i s h i n g Union S t a t i o n , the National P a r k S e r v i c e had been contemplating a v i s i t o r ' s center since 1954. A f t e r s e v e r a l s t u d i e s , the P a r k S e r v i c e decided to u r g e the White House and C o n g r e s s to make Union Station the new V i s i t o r ' s C e n t e r . Representative �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Restoration K e n n e t h J . G r a y of Illinois p r e s e n t e d a plan to C o n g r e s s w h i c h was made law in March of 1968. T h e V i s i t o r ' s C e n t e r project was begun by the Washington T e r m i n a l Company, b u t was l a t e r t a k e n over b y the P a r k Service directly. Some $50 million was invested, a n d the Government took o v e r control of the p r o p e r t y on a lease-purchase basis. T h e V i s i t o r ' s C e n t e r opened i n 1976. A t least i n p a r t because a n a i r - r i g h t s b u s f a c i l t i y a n d P a r k i n g Garage begun n o r t h of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g was n e v e r completed, the National V i s i t o r C e n t e r was poorly r e c e i v e d by the p u b l i c , n e v e r r e a c h i n g expected t r a f f i c levels. The building itself suffered from a l a c k of maintenance for many y e a r s , beginning i n the time the r a i l roads viewed i t as a l i a b i l i t y , and was f i n a l l y closed to the p u b l i c i n F e b r u a r y 1981 due to e x t e n s i v e water damage. Principles Identified P a r t of the scope of the E n g i n e e r i n g S u r v e y r e q u i r e s that a n estimate be p r e p a r e d for the r e s t o r a t i o n of the h i s t o r i c f i n i s h e s of Union S t a t i o n . I n an attempt to achieve as h i g h a degree of consistency and objectivity as p o s s i b l e , t h r e e general p r i n c i p l e s have been u s e d to determine what an a p p r o priate " R e s t o r a t i o n " of Union Station would be: o o o APPEARANCE: The appropriate appearance i s of p r i m a r y importance as a goal. T h e means of a c h i e v i n g the appearance are not considered significant if the r e s u l t a n t appearance i s c o r r e c t . P U B L I C D I S P L A Y : As a yardstick to determine w h a t i s a n a p p r o p r i a t e design i n t e n t , it i s possible to d i s t i n g u i s h between those a r e a s of the b u i l d i n g viewed b y the general p u b l i c , a n d those a r e a s viewed b y a selected group of users. Only the former are significant. SPACE R E S T O R E D : The physical space should be r e s t o r e d , b u t not n e c e s s a r i l y the o r i g i n a l f u n c t i o n s . T h e assumption h a s been made that the r e s t o r e d space could accommodate s e v e r a l contemporary functions. T h e v a l i d i t y of the f i r s t two p r i n c i p l e s is d e r i v e d from a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g that these were fundamental p a r t s of Daniel Burnham's design philosophy. The u s e f u l n e s s of the t h i r d p r i n c i p l e i s t h a t i t w i l l allow a developer enough freedom to make the n e c e s s a r y compromises between the demands for a l i v i n g , p r o f i t - m a k i n g b u i l d i n g a n d the o r i g i n a l design of one of the t r u l y great l a n d m a r k s of American A r c h i tecture . 3 �A f u r t h e r explanation of these t h r e e p r i n c i p l e s i s n e c e s s a r y , and t h i s i s followed b y a d e s c r i p t i o n of how t h e y can be applied to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . A P P E A R A N C E : Union Station embodies the idea t h a t the appearance of the a r c h i t e c t u r e i s paramount, and t h a t technical and functional necessities must have the n a t u r e of t h e i r c o n s t r u c t i o n concealed i n o r d e r to s u p p o r t the designed a p p e a r a n c e . P U B L I C D I S P L A Y : Burnham's original design of Union Station differentiated between a r e a s w h i c h would be viewed b y the general public while the r a i l r o a d station was u s e d as the gateway to the c i t y , a n d a l l other a r e a s . A n example can be seen i n t h a t the r e a r elevation i s c o n s t r u c t e d of r e d b r i c k , r a t h e r t h a n granite as i n the other elevations. It appears the change i n materials was due to a question of p u b l i c d i s p l a y . Examples of t h i s a b o u n d : o o o o T e r r a cotta v a u l t s glazed to look l i k e stone C a s t metal s t a t u e s g i v e n a cement topping to appear l i k e stone S q u a r e panes of glass w i t h a false mullion s y s t e m mounted i n f r o n t of the glass to g i v e the a p p e a r ance of small t r i a n g u l a r windows A n d most n o t a b l y , c u r v e d v a u l t roof forms w h i c h a r e t y p i c a l of masonry c o n s t r u c t i o n , b u i l t i n s t e a d u s i n g steel t r u s s e s a n d s u s p e n d e d p l a s t e r ceilings T h e a l t e r n a t i v e to a n emphasis on appearance would be to r e c r e a t e the e x a c t o r i g i n a l design u s i n g o r i g i n a l materials, a process t h a t could be much more e x p e n s i v e . A n example of how t h i s p r i n c i p l e has been u s e d can be seen i n the s k y l i g h t s o v e r the E a s t Hall. T h e s e a r e composed of two l a y e r s of g l a s s . Since the top l a y e r cannot be s e e n , a r e h a b i l i t a t i o n i n w h i c h aluminum mullions a r e s u b s t i t u t e d for copper h a s been recommended since this preserves the o r i g i n a l i n t e r i o r appearance i n a c o s t - e f f e c t i v e m a n n e r . 4 SPACE RESTORED: Burnham's architecture is composed of monumental spaces into w h i c h e v e r y d a y functions fit on a small s c a l e , often u s i n g moveable f i x t u r e s . T h e gates that stood i n the middle of the Concourse to separate the w a i t i n g a r e a from the t r a i n s a r e a n example of t h i s p r i n c i p l e . T h e s e were a functional element added to, a n d not i n t e g r a t e d i n t o , the s p a c e . A l s o , note the w a y the main w a i t i n g room c o n tained commercial u s e s t u c k e d into the alcoves of the great s p a c e . Following t h i s p r i n c i p l e , the cost of r e s t o r i n g the space has been estimated, b u t not the cost of r e s t o r i n g the original function. G i v e n t h i s assumption, the estimate for the r e s t o r a t i o n of the h i s t o r i c public spaces does not include the r e h a b i l itation of o r i g i n a l f i x t u r e s w h i c h are no longer i n place (many of w h i c h no longer e x i s t ) t h a t are specific to a p a r t i c u l a r space f u n c t i o n . Examples of these i n c l u d e : ticket counters, newsstands, toilet room fixtures and f i n i s h e s , lunchroom c o u n t e r s , benches e t c . Should a developer i n the f u t u r e choose to p u t an o r i g i n a l function into a s p a c e , the documentation n e c e s s a r y to do t h i s i s a v a i l a b l e . (See, in �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural p a r t i c u l a r , the d i s c u s s i o n of the Men's Smoking Room a n d Women's Lounge below.) Restoration Spaces Identified Using these three principles, the following a r e a s have been identified as those viewed b y the general public u s i n g the r a i l r o a d station as a gateway to the c i t y : o o o o o o o o o E x t e r i o r facades i n stone Main Hall Complex ( 1 2 5 A - L ) E a s t Hall ( 1 3 7 A - E ) West Hall Complex ( 1 2 0 A - E ) Concourse (100) P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite (138, 139, 142, 143) Women's Lounge Complex 135, 1 3 6 A - B ) Men's Smoking Room Complex 124A-B) Lunchroom/NVC Theaters 127) 141, (134, (123, (126, F i r s t Floor spaces w h i c h a r e not i d e n t i fied for r e s t o r a t i o n include the former Baggage A r e a a n d the S e r v i n g A r e a . T h r e e Spaces and F u n c t i o n s D i s c u s s e d T h r e e spaces on the F i r s t Floor posed d i f f i c u l t questions as the concept of r e s t o r i n g the space b u t not the function was applied to each i n the p r o c e s s of e s t a b l i s h i n g the recommended scope of work. A f u r t h e r d i s c u s s i o n of these problems follows. WOMEN'S LOUNGE COMPLEX (134, 135A, 136A, 1 3 6 B ) : The difference between restoring the space and r e s t o r i n g the function can be c l e a r l y seen i n the Women's Lounge Complex. Spaces 136B a n d 136A were o r i g i n a l l y a single space - the Women's Lounge - a n d space 135A was the o r i g i n a l Women's Toilet Room. B o t h these spaces were distinguished by a high decorative plaster ceiling, clerestory windows t h r o u g h the n o r t h w a l l , and large a r c h e d windows to the portico and Columbus Plaza t h r o u g h the south wall. I n the west wall of space 136B was a s e m i - c i r c u l a r a p s e . D u r i n g the NVC renovations, the toilet room functions were removed from the two easternmost b a y s that comprised space 135A a n d relocated i n two of the t h r e e b a y s of space 136. A p a r t i t i o n wall was b u i l t to divide the two-bay toilet room from the one bay t h a t remained as the lounge. Space 135A was left i n the gutted state i n w h i c h it s t i l l remains today a n d was u s e d for storage. A v i s u a l s u r v e y r e v e a l e d t h a t new toilet room f i n i s h e s and f i x t u r e s should be i n s t a l l e d ( p a r t i c u l a r l y since the cost of removing and r e i n s t a l l i n g e x i s t i n g f i x t u r e s can equal or exceed t h a t of new f i x t u r e s ) . T h e r e f o r e , the Women's Lounge complex r e p r e s e n t s a case i n w h i c h the major a r c h i t e c t u r a l f e a t u r e s of the space can be r e s t o r e d by r e p a i r i n g what a l r e a d y exists: the c e i l i n g s , c l e r e s t o r i e s , the a r c h e d windows and the a p s e . Howe v e r , r e c r e a t i n g the function of the toilet room ( i . e . , i n s t a l l i n g new f i x t u r e s and finishes) would require much additional new w o r k . Since the toilet function r e q u i r e s new w o r k , p e r h a p s the question should be a s k e d - i s t h i s the proper location for t h i s function or should relocation be considered? S e v e r a l points can be made: 5 �T h r o u g h - t h e - f l o o r plumbing w o r k is made difficult (though not impossible) b y the p r e s e n c e of the Long-Haul Tracks below. A n o t h e r location i n the b u i l d i n g without this constraint might p r o v e l e s s e x p e n s i v e , despite the presence of existing plumbing lines i n space 136A. T h e p r e s e n t complex t a k e s more space t h a n a more compact a r rangement might take e l s e w h e r e . Several smaller restrooms dist r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t the b u i l d i n g would be more accessible i n terms of t r a v e l distance t h a n one large facility. LUNCHROOM/THEATERS (127, 128): Spaces 127 and 128 were a lunchroom in the o r i g i n a l B u r n h a m d e s i g n , w i t h a counter a n d stools. D u r i n g the N V C renovations t h i s space was t u r n e d into two f i x e d - s e a t t h e a t e r s w i t h projection facilities i n a mezzanine s p a c e . The H V A C for the t h e a t e r s , w h i c h r e p r e s e n t s a s u b s t a n t i a l cooling load, i s p r o v i d e d b y t h r e e small u n i t s located on the Second Floor ( 2 2 5 ) , one for each theater and one for the projection booth. Ductwork for supply and r e t u r n a i r r u n s t h r o u g h the Second Floor and then horizontally between the o r i g i n a l ceiling and a new d r y w a l l ceiling b u i l t for the N V C t h e a t e r s . With t h i s i n m i n d , the estimate h a s been s t r u c t u r e d to include the cost of r e s t o r i n g the space i n R e s t o r a t i o n of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g a n d the cost of new toilet room f i x t u r e s and f i n i s h e s i n Renovations to Make the B a s i c B u i l d i n g . I s i t l i k e l y that a developer w i l l want two t h e a t e r s i n t h i s location? Since the floors now slope, installing a non-theater function will require demolition of the N V C floor at the v e r y least. T h e ceiling also has a specific s h a p e , i n c l u d i n g two boxed-out soffits decorated w i t h globe l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s . T h e presence of the mezzanine projection room i s another specific condition as a r e s u l t of being a t h e a t e r . o o o MEN'S SMOKING ROOM ( 1 2 3 , 124A, 124B): T h i s space h a s a similar h i s t o r y to the Women's Lounge - the toilet rooms were relocated d u r i n g a n early renovation. However, two differences e x i s t : o o T h e mezzanine above limits the h i g h ceiling space to the f i r s t bay only. The difficulty in providing through-the-floor plumbing is c r e a t e d by the presence of the Metro e l e c t r i c a l room w h i c h i s located i n the basement. T h e same approach has been t a k e n to estimate the cost of r e s t o r a t i o n of the space i n the R e s t o r a t i o n to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g section of the estimate a n d p r i c e toilet room f i n i s h e s i n Renovations to Make the B a s i c B u i l d i n g . 6 C a n the e x i s t i n g H V A C be r e u s e d ? Unless theaters are required, reworking duct r u n s or relocating u n i t s w i l l be necessary. T h i s design u t i l i z e s three small u n i t s for a single s p a c e , a n d another function w i l l h a v e different load and d i s t r i b u t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s . What is proposed for the purpose of estimating i s that the same general p r i n c i p l e s u s e d i n the r e s t of the F i r s t Floor be applied h e r e : o P u b l i c D i s p l a y : Assume t h a t t h i s space, which had clerestory windows and a ceiling w i t h p l a s t e r �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural o decoration, w i l l be r e s t o r e d and t h a t the d r y w a l l ceiling w i l l be removed along w i t h the d u c t w o r k , Space b u t Not F u n c t i o n R e s t o r e d : T h e H V A C u n i t s on the Second Floor are available for reuse h e r e , or e l s e w h e r e , depending on the p r o g r a m . Some w o r k w i l l be r e q u i r e d to change the d u c t w o r k location from above the ceiling to a different location - w i t h i n the a l c o v e s , for i n s t a n c e . o o Office Floor R e s t o r a t i o n C o n s i d e r e d T h e question of w h e t h e r the office spaces on the u p p e r floors should be considered to contain h i s t o r i c a l s i g n i ficance i s quite d i s t i n c t and different from the same question applied to the public spaces on the F i r s t Floor. According to the c r i t e r i a u s e d to identify r e s t o r a t i o n s p a c e s , the u p p e r floors were not p a r t of the r a i l r o a d station as the gateway to the c i t y . On the other h a n d , the c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h i s space c o n s i s t s of a combination of b u i l d i n g elements t h a t together make an a r c h i t e c t u r a l u n i t y , c r e a t e d from a combination of the n e c e s s i t i e s of the technology, the a v a i l a b i l i t y a n d cost of m a t e r i a l s , a n d the p a r t i c u l a r a r c h i t e c t u r a l taste of the e a r l y T w e n t i e t h Century. When all elements are p r e s e n t , i t i s possible to recognize the collection as a " s t y l e " t y p i c a l of offices a n d c o r r i d o r s i n the e a r l y T w e n t i e t h Century. I t would be possible for a developer to r e s t o r e the "look" of office space from the t u r n of the Century. T h i s r e p o r t assumes t h a t a r e s t o r a t i o n of t h i s appearance i s not n e c e s s a r y i n the office spaces for the following reasons: T h e main entrance to the office; space is not t h r o u g h the F i r s t Floor public s p a c e s , a n d , t h e r e f o r e , the appearance of the office spaces is not essential to the c o n t i n u i t y of the effect the a p p e a r ance of the public spaces e v o k e s . T o d a y ' s m a r k e t w i l l demand a i r conditioning (among other t h i n g s ) and the d u c t w o r k w i l l either be exposed, violating the a r c h i t e c t u r a l v o c a b u l a r y , or w i l l r e q u i r e a new ceiling w i t h diffusers, thereby concealing the o r i g i n a l exposed a r c h e d c e i l i n g . T h r e e courses of action remain open to a developer: o o o Restoration u s i n g modern materials t h a t resemble materials u s e d i n 1908 so the appearance of the office i s r e s t o r e d . Selection of c e r t a i n 1908 elements that e x i s t i n the b u i l d i n g and a marriage of these w i t h modern materials to produce an eclectic result. Removal of all 1908 elements (on the i n t e r i o r ) to make the office spaces indistinguishable from similar space i n new b u i l d i n g s . Please note t h a t a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y , the retention of the e x i s t i n g windows and the w i d t h of the wings (from the d a y s before a i r conditioning) w i l l impose a set of design constraints that will favor either a r e s t o r a t i o n or an eclectic approach. I t i s possible that g i v e n the p r o x i m i t y of Union Station's h i s t o r i c public interiors, the continuity in image w i t h these two approaches w i l l offer the optimum r e n t s . 7 �However, a l l t h r e e approaches are equally feasible from a t e c h n i c a l v i e w point and w i t h i n an affordable r a n g e . A developer w o u l d , no doubt, w a n t to preserve the freedom to choose, a c c o r d i n g to h i s i n s t i n c t s and c a l c u l a tions, which approach would best balance cost a g a i n s t potential to achieve optimum r e n t s . T h e r e f o r e , w h a t is proposed for the purpose of t h i s r e p o r t i s t h a t the cost estimate be based on the a p p r o a c h of creation of a b a s i c " s h e l l " b u i l d i n g , w i t h final tenant f i t - o u t design to be determined as p a r t of the development process. Scope of R e s t o r a t i o n Summarized T h e eight spaces identified as p a r t of the o r i g i n a l r a i l r o a d station on p u b l i c d i s p l a y h a v e been i n c l u d e d i n the cost estimate as " r e s t o r e d " . I n general, t h i s means t h a t the recommended scope of w o r k u s e d for the estimate for these spaces i n c l u d e s : CEILINGS: Burnham-designed ceilings should be r e s t o r e d . plaster WALLS: B u r n h a m - d e s i g n e d wall t r e a t ments should be r e s t o r e d , or c l a s s i c a l l y based alterations done to accommodate new H V A C . FLOORS: Floor materials should replicate the o r i g i n a l . T h e r e f o r e , new p a t t e r n e d marble floors a r e proposed for the Main H a l l , E a s t H a l l , West Hall and the t h e a t e r s , w i t h t e r r a z z o i n other a r e a s except the C o n c o u r s e , w h i c h was o r i g i n a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d as a p a t t e r n e d concrete floor. 8 LIGHTS: L i g h t f i x t u r e s should be r e s t o r e d w h e r e the f i x t u e s s t i l l e x i s t , although contemporary lamping is proposed for these f i x t u r e s . Even without lamps, the f i x t u r e s make a n important c o n t r i b u t i o n to the appearance of the s p a c e . FIXTURES: T h e estimate of the cost of r e s t o r a t i o n does not include the rehabilitation of o r i g i n a l f i x t u r e s no longer i n place (many of w h i c h no longer e x i s t ) t h a t are specific to a p a r t i c u l a r space f u n c t i o n . Examples of these i n c l u d e : t i c k e t c o u n t e r s , n e w s stands , toilet room f i x t u r e s and f i n i s h e s , lunchroom c o u n t e r s , benches e t c . SKYLIGHTS AND CLERESTORIES: T h e s e r e p r e s e n t one of the fundamental design tools t h a t B u r n h a m employed i n c r e a t i n g the appearance he sought i n the h i s t o r i c i n t e r i o r s , and therefore the cost of r e s t o r i n g these i s included in the estimate. MECHANICAL: T h e conflict between the t e n d e n c y for modern H V A C to be above the ceiling and the amount of B u r n h a m ' s design t h a t i s concentrated in the ceiling should be resolved, when p o s s i b l e , b y u n i t s and d u c t w o r k located i n the basement feeding u p w a r d . I n the E a s t H a l l , T h e a t e r / Lunchrooms and the Women's L o u n g e , t h i s approach is p r o s c r i b e d b y the L o n g - H a u l T r a c k s below. T h e N V C had a i r d e l i v e r e d to the E a s t Hall b y p l a c i n g d u c t w o r k behind new false w o r k i n what had been decorated alcoves ( r e p r e s e n t i n g a s u b s t a n t i a l change to the original d e s i g n ) from a Mechanical Room on the Second Floor. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural H i s t o r i c Colors I t was suggested i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e Report that a historic paint analysis s t u d y be conducted to determine the o r i g i n a l f i n i s h e s and colors for e x t e r i o r and i n t e r i o r s u r f a c e s . I t was decided to forego t h i s s t u d y because the time r e q u i r e d to accomplish i t i n a c c r e d i t e d fashion would exceed the time frame for the s u r v e y . I t i s recommended, however, that a developer should undertake such a study prior to r e f i n i s h i n g s u c h s u r f a c e s i n order to provide proper documentation for possible historic restoration tax credits. Where f i n i s h e s h a v e been found t h a t appear to be original, these are described and located i n the First Floor subsection of the A r c h i t e c t u r a l s u r v e y section of the r e p o r t . Restoration Techniques T h e following techniques were u s e d as the b a s i s of estimating the cost of r e s t o r i n g the H i s t o r i c f i n i s h e s . MASONRY: Before any restorative techniques may be u s e d , s o u r c e s of w a t e r penetration into the b u i l d i n g must be stopped and a l l forms of masonry must be as d r y as p o s s i b l e . F o r the removal of e x t e r i o r s t a i n i n g on the granite, high pressure water without chemical a d d i t i v e s produces the best r e s u l t s and i s the method most acceptable to r e g u l a t o r y a u t h o r i t i e s . A t v e r y h e a v i l y stained a r e a s , a v e r y fine g r i t of s a n d should be added to the h i g h p r e s s u r e w a t e r , not h i g h pressure sand by itself. Removal of s t a i n s from the t e r r a cotta w o r k i s dubious i n that s t a i n s a r e most likely trapped behind the surface glaze. T r i a l application of h i g h p r e s s u r e water i n a n o n c r i t i c a l a r e a would be a d v i s a b l e , b u t s u c c e s s f u l r e s u l t s should not be e x p e c t e d . C r a c k i n g i n both g r a n i t e and t e r r a cotta masonry is best t r e a t e d by u s i n g the following technique. At each c r a c k , c u t the c r a c k out to clean m a t e r i a l , a minimum of 1/4" wide a n d 1 " deep. T h e c u t should t h e n be filled w i t h an epoxy compound, mixed w i t h g r a n i t e d u s t at the g r a n i t e c r a c k s and w i t h appropriate pigment at the t e r r a cotta c r a c k s . A t the g r a n i t e c r a c k s , o v e r b u i l d the epoxy compound and g r i n d to match the g r a n i t e f i n i s h . Pointing i s best performed for the l o n g e v i t y of the r e p a i r b y c u t t i n g b a c k the joint a f u l l 1 " , cleaning the j o i n t , and p a c k i n g the joint f u l l w i t h a r i c h mortar. A t bad b r e a k s i n g r a n i t e masonry ( e . g . , bases of two p i e r s on the west facade) saw c u t the p e r i p h e r y of the b r e a k to p r o v i d e a 1/4" x 1/4" t r o u g h , d r i l l i n s t a i n l e s s steel dowels and b u i l d up the p a t c h w i t h the same epoxy/ g r a n i t e d u s t m i x t u r e u s e d for c r a c k r e p a i r i n l a y e r s to an o v e r b u i l d , then g r i n d to match the g r a n i t e f i n i s h . A t badly deteriorated t e r r a cotta w o r k , e.g., the s t r i n g - c o u r s e at the east end of the n o r t h wall of the Concourse ( I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t ) , i t i s possible to make r u b b e r molds and duplicate the t e r r a cotta members. T h e caution is t h a t i t i s time consuming and v e r y costly. 9 �S c a l i n g of g r a n i t e masonry at p i e r bases adjacent to grade i s obviously the r e s u l t of a t t a c k b y snow melting s a l t s . T h e a l t e r n a t i v e to accepting the removal of the scale during high p r e s s u r e water c l e a n i n g , would be to attempt p a t c h i n g as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e . Where a r r i s e s a r e eroded on cornices (See I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t , Appendix A ) , the a l t e r n a t i v e to the r e s u l t s of h i g h p r e s s u r e w a t e r cleaning would be to attempt p a t c h i n g . I n the cleaning p r o c e s s , do not attempt spot or a r e a cleaning as i t w i l l not be successful. C l e a n the e n t i r e b u i l d i n g for best o v e r a l l r e s u l t s . E x p a n s i o n bolt holes i n g r a n i t e masonry should be t r e a t e d i n the same fashion as c r a c k s i n g r a n i t e m a s o n r y . T h e following method was u s e d to estimate the cost of removing the p a i n t on the C a r r i a g e P o r c h v a u l t . A t e s t should be performed i n a n o n - c r i t i c a l a r e a to e n s u r e t h a t no damage w i l l result. S t r i p off the p a i n t w i t h a low p r e s s u r e , fine g r i t s a n d b l a s t and t h a t once s t r i p p e d , p l a s t e r i n g techniques be u s e d for r e p a i r s . PLASTER: Where damage to r u n n i n g moldings at cornices or s t r i n g c o u r s e s may be e n c o u n t e r e d , the technique i s to c u t out the damaged portion a n d use a profile tool of the same profile to form the p a t c h i n the f i e l d . T h e observation was that w h e r e coffered p l a s t e r ceilings a r e damaged, as long as an embellished portion of the coffer r e m a i n s , a r u b b e r mold may be f a b r i cated and a new piece c a s t . T h e new piece would t h e n be b u t t e r e d into the 10 damaged areas. Flat portions of coffers r e p r e s e n t no problem, u t i l i z i n g a combed f i n i s h tool. T h e most difficult r e p a i r o c c u r s when an e n t i r e coffer has been removed, a s , for example, o c c u r s i n the Concourse ceiling at the F a s t Food R e s t a u r a n t e x h a u s t s t a c k . I n t h i s c a s e , reframing and l a t h i n g is r e q u i r e d . The plaster w o r k i t s e l f would be done i n cast sections for the embellished portion. T h o s e sections would be b u t t e r e d i n place, t h e n the flat w o r k accomplished, again w i t h a combed f i n i s h . Damaged f l a t w o r k p l a s t e r on walls and ceilings i s d i f f i c u l t to p r e d i c t as f a r as r e p a i r scoping i s c o n c e r n e d . I t must be approached on an a r e a by area b a s i s . G e n e r a l l y , the following may be anticipated: Where the surface is s o u n d , b u t has a multitude of age c r a c k s , a bonding agent should be applied as a base for skim coat p l a s t e r . Where the white coat has d e t e r i o r a t e d , i t must be removed, a bonding agent applied to the brown coat, the brown coat leveled and a new white coat applied. I n some c a s e s , where holes o c c u r and the l a t h i s obviously r u s t e d , the hole must be enlarged to encounter sound m a t e r i a l . A t t h a t point, one s t a r t s from s c r a t c h w i t h new l a t h tied to the existing runner channels, s c r a t c h , brown and white coats w i t h f i n i s h s u r f a c e to match e x i s t i n g . A t b a r e clay tile walls and bond coat the t i l e , t h e n brown and white coats. ceilings, scratch, No conditions were observed which could not be r e p a i r e d w i t h c u r r e n t technology and available mechanics. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Code Compliance A t the time of the c o n s t r u c t i o n of Union Station, standards used to protect the p u b l i c from the h a z a r d s of f i r e and panic were not as e x a c t i n g or comprehensive as i n today's b u i l d i n g codes. A s p a r t of t h i s e n g i n e e r i n g s u r v e y , an assessment of the w o r k t h a t would b r i n g the Union Station b u i l d i n g into compliance w i t h today's code s t a n d a r d s has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate of B a s i c B u i l d i n g w o r k . Code a n d O c c u p a n c y Reference CODE R E Q U I R E D : Union Station i s located w i t h i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia, w h i c h has enacted b u i l d i n g and f i r e codes. While buildings owned by agencies of the U . S . Government do not r e q u i r e r e v i e w b y local a g e n c i e s , the local code i s often u s e d b y the U . S . Government as the code of r e f e r ence when d e s i g n i n g a b u i l d i n g . In this Engineering S u r v e y , therefore, compliance w i t h the D i s t r i c t of Columbia B u i l d i n g Code (October 1981) has been assumed. I n one i n s t a n c e , a safety p r o v i s i o n t h a t is i n e x c e s s of the r e q u i r e m e n t s of the D . C . Code has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimated w o r k . T h i s i s the addition of an e x i t s t a i r i n the n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r of the E a s t Wing. I t ' s intention i s to r e d u c e the dead-end distance to a n e x i t in t h a t a r e a . T h e s u r v e y team bases t h i s on sound professional judgment. o Mixed O c c u p a n c y - Two ( o r more) classes of use without p h y s i c a l separation. o Multiple O c c u p a n c y - Two (or more) c l a s s e s of use p h y s i c a l l y separated by fire-rated construction . T h e u s e s t h a t could be called for i n a development of Union Station h a v e been divided into three multiple occupanices: o Group E - Office space on the Mezzanines, Second, T h i r d and F o u r t h Floors o Group B Parking Garage, Storage i n p a r t of the Basement o Group F - 3 on F i r s t Floor Passenger Terminal Within the P a s s e n g e r T e r m i n a l might be u s e s t h a t would be categorized as either F - 2 ( R e s t a u r a n t / B a r A s s e m b l y ) or C ( M e r c a n t i l e ) . I f t h e r e i s no p h y s i c a l separation among them, it would constitute a mixed o c c u p a n c y . T h e requirements of the group t h a t i s most s t r i n g e n t would apply to the entire a r e a . I n the case of e g r e s s , this i s group F - 3 , based on the requirement that occupancy be c a l c u lated u s i n g 7 s q . f t . / p e r s o n . Egress Stairs MIXED OR M U L T I P L E O C C U P A N C Y : T h e F R A h a s indicated t h a t f u t u r e development might include different t y p e s of o c c u p a n c i e s . T h e r e a r e two methods u n d e r w h i c h d i s p a r a t e u s e s can be accommodated in a single building. S T A I R # 1 : T h i s i s located i n the West Wing, west side a n d , at 65 inches between s t r i n g e r s , p r o v i d e s 2.5 e x i t units. S t a i r #1 connects the F o u r t h Floor w i t h grade at the F i r s t Floor level. E l e v a t o r #1 and S t a i r #1 s h a r e l a n d i n g s , a condition permitted u n d e r D . C . Code p r o v i d i n g t h a t the elevator is i n a separate protected s h a f t and 11 �the openings a r e protected w i t h 1-1/2 h o u r r a t e d doors ( S e c t i o n 9 0 8 . 4 ( 3 ) ) . A t w o - h o u r r a t e d enclosure w i l l be r e q u i r e d s e p a r a t i n g the s t a i r s h a f t ( i n c l u d i n g the elevator s h a f t w i t h i n i t ) from the r e s t of each floor. Since the floors w i l l be t w o - h o u r r a t e d , t h i s can be accomplished w i t h fire-code g y p s u m wallboard a n d steel s t u d p a r t i t i o n s s e t b a c k from the h a n d r a i l s . T h e two-hour r a t i n g s h o u l d e x t e n d to the F i r s t Floor in o r d e r to p r o v i d e separation from the multiple occupancy P a s s e n g e r T e r m i n a l . STAIR #1A: I n o r d e r to use the F o u r t h Floor " G y m " a r e a of the West Wing ( 4 0 1 ) , a second means of e g r e s s is r e q u i r e d i n addition to S T A I R # 1 . T h i s indicates t h a t a new s t a i r c a s e would be r e q u i r e d , a n d a l i k e l y location is outside the p r e s e n t F o u r t h , T h i r d a n d Second F l o o r s , p e n e t r a t i n g the Roof o v e r Room 109A or 102 a n d making e g r e s s into the C a r r i a g e P o r c h a r e a . S t a i r w a y #1 p r o v i d e s 2.5 e x i t u n i t s , and s i n c e the F o u r t h Floor of the West Wing i s 15,700 s q . f t . , only 3 e x i t units are required. T h e new s t a i r could be 44 i n c h e s , or 2 u n i t s w i d e , the minimum allowed. A n enclosure of new c o n s t r u c t i o n would be r e q u i r e d as t h i s s t a i r would be located outside the e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g perimeter above the Second F l o o r . S T A I R #2: T h i s i s located i n the E a s t Wing, south s i d e , a n d offers 2.5 e x i t u n i t s for a 57 i n c h w i d t h between the stringers. I t i s similar to S t a i r #1 i n that i t s h a r e s l a n d i n g s w i t h a n elevator a n d r e q u i r e s a two-hour separation from the remainder of the office floors and from the p a s s e n g e r t e r m i n a l . S T A I R #3: Located i n the E a s t Wing the s t a i r i s j u s t south of the wall d i v i d i n g the Concourse from the former 12 S e r v i n g A r e a ( 1 3 2 ) . T h i s s t a i r i s 52 inches wide between s t r i n g e r s , p r o viding 2 exit units. A n elevator is n e a r b y , b u t the c i r c u l a t i o n space i s not s h a r e d . A two-hour separation i s r e q u i r e d between the s t a i r a n d the upper floors. P r e s e n t l y , f l i g h t s begin at the F o u r t h Floor a n d terminate at the First Floor without access to grade. E x i t i s made either into the Concourse or the S e r v i n g A r e a ( 1 3 2 ) . G r a d e e g r e s s i s r e q u i r e d h e r e a n d can be accomplished b y b u i l d i n g a new flight to continue the s t a i r to the Basement into space B 6 3 A . S t a i r #6, w h i c h now connects the F i r s t Floor a n d Basement, could also be u s e d for t h i s purpose by b u i l d i n g the two-hour enclosure wall so as to contain e g r e s s for both S t a i r #3 a n d S t a i r #6, w h i c h would t u r n potentially leasable space into s t a i r c i r c u l a t i o n . I n the Basement, a c o r r i d o r c a n be b u i l t t h a t w i l l connect the s t a i r l a n d i n g i n B63A w i t h grade outside the n o r t h wall on a L o n g - H a u l Track platform by paralleling the n o r t h - s o u t h w a l l t h a t d i v i d e s the east side of the Basement from the L o n g - H a u l Track tunnel. S T A I R #3A: T h i s would be a new s t a i r a n d i s i n c l u d e d i n the scope of estimated w o r k i n o r d e r to decrease the dead-end distance along the n o r t h side of the E a s t Wing. P r e s e n t l y , t h e r e i s a dead-end distance greater t h a n 125 f t . from either 224, 319 or 409 to S t a i r #3. While the condition i s permissible u n d e r the D . C . Code for an office occupancy ( w h i c h only limits l e n g t h of t r a v e l for t h i s o c c u p a n c y ) , many other codes limit dead-end t r a v e l l e n g t h , a n d p r u d e n c e s u g g e s t s that s u c h a large area w i t h an e x i t on one side only poses a s e v e r e safety h a z a r d . The addition of t h i s s t a i r also alleviates the problem of t r a v e l lengths g r e a t e r t h a n �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural those allowed from the Concourse should a n y new s t r u c t u r e be c o n s t r u c t e d to the n o r t h . T h i s s t a i r as p r o p o s e d , would begin at the F o u r t h Floor a n d descend t h r o u g h the east side of the v a u l t passage on the F o u r t h F l o o r , 319, 224, 126C to B 3 1 . Once i n the Basement, e g r e s s to grade would be accomplished w i t h i n a two-hour c o r r i d o r to be b u i l t p a r a l l e l i n g the wall d i v i d i n g the w e s t side of the Basement from the L o n g - H a u l T r a c k t u n n e l , similar to S t a i r #3. S t a i r #3 at Second Floor Stairs #2, #3 a n d #5, w h i c h a r e e x i s t i n g , total to 6.5 e x i t u n i t s . The l a r g e s t u p p e r floor i n the E a s t Wing is approximately 25,500 s q . f t . Therefore, 4.5 e x i t u n i t s a r e r e q u i r e d for the E a s t Wing ( 2 5 , 5 0 0 ^ 6 , 0 0 0 ) . S t a i r #3A need only be 44 i n c h e s wide since no additional e x i t w i d t h i s r e q u i r e d for the floor. S T A I R #4: T h i s s t a i r i s located on the east side of the West Wing a n d has a distance between s t r i n g e r s of 44 inches. I t connects the F o u r t h Floor t a n k room a r e a w i t h the balcony w a l k w a y along the south side of the Main H a l l . Since i t does not descend to grade at p r e s e n t , i t does not qualify as a means of e g r e s s . T h e Second a n d T h i r d Floors i n the West Wing a r e s e r v e d b y only one other s t a i r ( # 1 ) . Therefore, a second means of e g r e s s i s r e q u i r e d i n o r d e r to comply w i t h code. S e v e r a l options a r e open: o S t a i r #5 at T h i r d Floor Continue stair #4 from the Mezzanine l a n d i n g into the Main Hall alcove ( 1 2 5 G ) a n d e x i t t h r o u g h what i s now a window opening to the f r o n t portico s i d e w a l k . This approach i s u n d e s i r a b l e since i t would r e q u i r e major changes to 13 �the Main Hall and e x t e r i o r a p p e a r ance i n areas i n w h i c h r e s t o r a t i o n has been i n d i c a t e d . C o n t i n u i n g S t a i r #4 t h r o u g h the s h a f t i n the poche between Alcove ( 1 2 5 G ) a n d the Men's Smoking Room ( 1 2 4 B ) i s a t t r a c t i v e , b u t closer examination r e v e a l s that the s h a f t i s too n a r r o w for t h i s p u r p o s e , u n l i k e the s h a f t between 125L and 136B. (Burnham's c u r i o u s l a c k of symmetry between the apses i n the Men's Smoking Room a n d the Women's Lounge should be noted. ) T h e Men's Smoking Room ( 1 2 4 B ) is the only other F i r s t Floor room along a n outside w a l l t h a t could p r o v i d e space for S t a i r #4; b u t t h i s , too, i s a space t h a t could be r e s t o r e d . T h e conflict between restoration aims for the F i r s t Floor i n the Alcove (125G) a n d the Men's Smoking Room ( 1 2 4 B ) and the need for a n e g r e s s s t a i r at t h i s point impacts not only the Second Floor a n d above, as d i s c u s s e d h e r e , b u t also the West Mezzanine e g r e s s and the Basement e g r e s s as d i s c u s s e d below. T h i s conflict has been decided in favor of restoration aims here, but a d e s i g n e r , w h e n a specific program is a v a i l a b l e , might consider the simplicity of a F o u r t h Floor to Basement e g r e s s s t a i r at t h i s point. p e r s o n s s e e k i n g e g r e s s from the Second or T h i r d Floor i n the West Wing to t r a v e l up S t a i r #4, t h r o u g h a two-hour r a t e d door, t h r o u g h C o r r i d o r ( 4 0 6 ) , to refuge on the East Side. F u r t h e r t r a v e l to g r a d e c a n be made v i a S t a i r #2. Since t r a v e l l i n g up a s t a i r c a s e i s not the f i r s t i n s t i n c t of a p e r s o n i n p a n i c , a c a r e f u l d e s i g n of the doors into the enclosure i s n e c e s s a r y to create an u p w a r d d i r e c t i o n of t r a v e l by following the line of least r e s i s t a n c e offered by panic-bar hardware. Further, the enclosure at the F o u r t h Floor of S t a i r #5 w i l l r e q u i r e doors that d i r e c t u p w a r d travel toward Corridor (406), and t r a v e l from C o r r i d o r (441) to continue into C o r r i d o r (406) a n d not down S t a i r #5. T h i s c a n be accomplished by b r e a k i n g t h r o u g h the west wall of C o r r i d o r (441) and b u i l d i n g a new c o r r i d o r n o r t h of S t a i r #5. T h e D C Code implies t h a t e g r e s s up a s t a i r c a s e i s permissable b u t the combination of t h i s w i t h horizontal refuge is u n u s u a l ; s o , if t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e i s considered i n a n y f i n a l d e s i g n , the condition should be r e v i e w e d w i t h Code a u t h o r i t i e s to determine if a v a r i a n c e i s required. S T A I R #5: Comments on S t a i r #4 also apply to S t a i r #5. I t i s 44 i n c h e s wide between s t r i n g e r s and connects the F o u r t h Floor on the west side of the E a s t Wing w i t h the balcony walkway i n the Main H a l l . Garage T h e solution t h a t has been i n c l u d e d for p u r p o s e s of estimating i s to p r o v i d e horizontal e g r e s s from the West Wing to the E a s t Wing ( a n d v i c e v e r s a ) v i a c o r r i d o r 406 on the F o u r t h F l o o r . This requires Requirements G A R A G E D E F I N I T I O N : T h e D C Code d i s t i n g u i s h e s a " p a r k i n g g a r a g e " as being u s e d for the storage ( b u t not �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural r e p a i r ) of automobiles. Also permitted is t r u c k unloading and loading, p r o v i d i n g the v e h i c l e i s u n d e r the control of the d r i v e r . AREA LIMITATIONS: T h i s use falls w i t h i n the " B " storage c a t e g o r y , and a 2B b u i l d i n g i s limited to 20,000 s q . f t . w i t h i n a single f i r e a r e a . T h i s a r e a can be i n c r e a s e d b y 50% i f the p a r k i n g is limited to p a s s e n g e r c a r s , w h i c h b r i n g s the total to 30,000 s q . f t . T h e open a r e a w i t h i n the w e s t side of the Basement u n d e r the Concourse i s approximately 55,000 s q . f t . as p a r t i tioned today, and an assumption was made t h a t as much of t h i s a r e a as possible would be desirable to use as a single open a r e a for use as c a r p a r k i n g , baggage t r u c k loading, and d e l i v e r y to commercial u s e s . A n o t h e r bonus i s available i f the space is s p r i n k l e r e d , adding 100% of the base s q u a r e foot allowed, or another 20,000 sq.ft. A d d i n g t h i s to the p r e v i o u s bonus a c h i e v e s a total of 50,000 s q . f t . , w h i c h i s close to t h i s entire a r e a . T h e r e f o r e , a s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m for t h i s a r e a has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate so t h a t the f u l l bonus a r e a i s available as a single s p a c e . T h e 50,000 s q . f t . i n the p a r k i n g a r e a must be s e p a r a t e d from the r e s t of the Basement b y a two-hour r a t e d f i r e w a l l , w h i c h has been shown on the Basement E g r e s s P l a n , along the n o r t h side of the foundation of the w a l l that d i v i d e s the Concourse from the Main Hall. VENTILATION: Higher than usual v e n t i l a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s are imposed on the garage i n order to remove the e x h a u s t of i d l i n g e n g i n e s . T h i s can be accommodated t h r o u g h s h a f t s t h a t would be c o n s t r u c t e d outside the n o r t h wall of the C o n c o u r s e . Peak a c t i v i t y requirements a r e 500 cfm per hour a n d 100% make-up a i r . Basement E g r e s s L E N G T H OF T R A V E L : The provision of s p r i n k l e r s w i l l allow a 150 foot t r a v e l distance to a n e x i t w a y i n the " B " use g r o u p . Other use groups a r e also 150 feet w i t h or without s p r i n k l e r s . I n order to meet t h i s 150 foot r e q u i r e ment i n the south section of the West Wing, either a f i r e - r a t e d e x i t c o r r i d o r along the south w a l l , or an e g r e s s stair i s needed. A n egress stair would interfere with the restored spaces on the F i r s t Floor (emerging i n 125G would be l i k e l y ) , so a loop e x i t corridor has been shown on the Basement Egress Plan. The loop allows e x i t i n g i n two directions from a n y point i n the c o r r i d o r . E g r e s s to grade is available either out the w e s t w a l l to the s t r e e t or t h r o u g h the n o r t h w a l l to the platforms on the L o n g - H a u l T r a c k s . A continuation of the c o r r i d o r s y s t e m p a r t w a y along the n o r t h w a l l c u t s the t r a v e l length from the center section u n d e r the Concourse to 150 feet. T h i s c o r r i d o r system has been shown on the Basement E g r e s s P l a n . EXITS REQUIRED: Two exits are required from the " B " use group g a r a g e , b u t t h e r e i s no requirement as to e x i t w i d t h . F i r s t Floor E g r e s s L E N G T H OF T R A V E L : S t a i r #3A would keep T h e addition of t r a v e l distances 15 �in the Concourse below 150 feet e v e n w i t h the addition of a new s t r u c t u r e to the n o r t h . T h e q u a n t i t y of e x i t w i d t h r e q u i r e d w i l l v a r y a c c o r d i n g to the m i x t u r e of u s e s i n the planned development. The requirements a r e l i s t e d i n the code abstract. Mezzanine E g r e s s DEFINITION: I n o r d e r to qualify as an open Mezzanine, the s q u a r e footage of a n y a r e a must be l e s s t h a n o n e - t h i r d of the a r e a into w h i c h i t i s open. EAST SIDE: T h e Mezzanine above Room 132 i s g r e a t e r t h a n o n e - t h i r d and, therefore, a n assumption was made t h a t t h i s would be enclosed a n d e g r e s s from t h i s space would be made t h r o u g h S t a i r #3 and S t a i r #2. WEST SIDE: T h e Mezzanine above Rooms 123 a n d 124A at p r e s e n t i s not open to the floor below a n d i s s e r v e d b y t h r e e s t a i r s , # 1 , #10 a n d #14. Of t h e s e , only S t a i r #1 qualifies as a means of e g r e s s . A p r o v i s i o n i n the code ( S e c t i o n 6 2 0 . 4 ) allows office space in b u i l d i n g s w i t h t h r e e s t o r i e s or l e s s to h a v e a single e x i t if the space i s less t h a n 3,000 s q . f t . a n d the t r a v e l distance i s l e s s t h a n 75 feet. The Mezzanine space c u r r e n t l y i s g r e a t e r t h a n 3,000 s q . f t . ( i f the Mechanical Room i s i n c l u d e d ) a n d h a s a t r a v e l distance i n e x c e s s of 100 feet. In order to u s e t h i s s p a c e , a v a r i a n c e could be s o u g h t , depending on the specific o c c u p a n c y . Upper Floor E g r e s s E g r e s s from the Second, T h i r d , a n d F o u r t h Floors i n the E a s t Wing and the Second a n d T h i r d Floors i n the West Wing c a n be b y means of the egress Stairs #1 through #5, which are described in detail above. These s t a i r s p r o v i d e a n adequate total of e x i t u n i t w i d t h for office occupancies. T h e capacity for each s t a i r i s l i s t e d i n i t s section. C r e a t i n g r e n t a b l e space on the F o u r t h Floor of the West Wing w i l l r e q u i r e b u i l d i n g a new s t a i r , d e s c r i b e d as S t a i r #1A, i n the p r e v i o u s section. Note t h a t t h i s s t a i r i s r e q u i r e d for the F o u r t h Floor o n l y , and not the Second or T h i r d F l o o r s . I t r e p r e s e n t s , t h e r e fore , a n additional expense i n developing the F o u r t h Floor West Wing as rentable space above w h a t i s r e q u i r e d for the other f l o o r s . T h i s i s reflected i n the estimate. Fireproofing T h e s t r u c t u r e of Union Station w i l l r e q u i r e additional fireproofing i n order to meet today's code. The hourly requirements a r e (See code a b s t r a c t for s p e c i f i c s ) : o o o o o o o C r e a t i o n of a second e g r e s s s t a i r on the east side of t h i s Mezzanine would be d i f f i c u l t without compromising the r e s t o r a t i o n aims of the space below. 16 A l l columns - 2 hour F i r s t Floor - 2 hour Separation between office and terminal - 2 hour Roof o v e r F i r s t Floor - 3/4 hour Second Floor - 2 hour T h i r d a n d F o u r t h Floor - 1-1/2 hour Roofs o v e r S e c o n d , T h i r d and F o u r t h Floors - 1 hour �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural TILE ARCH FLOORS: T h e excellent f i r e - r e s i s t i v e qualities of segmental tile a r c h floors was one reason t h e i r a p p l i cation was so w i d e s p r e a d . Today's r e f e r e n c e s for f i r e - r e s i s t a n c e , h o w e v e r , no longer l i s t t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n , w h i c h was made obsolete b y l e s s e x p e n s i v e materials. R e s e a r c h of the 1902 and 1906 editions of the D C B u i l d i n g Code u n c o v e r e d d i s c u s s i o n of t h i s method of fireproofing, but no ratings were specified. I n f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h i t was found t h a t the Baltimore C i t y B u i l d i n g Code (1950 edition) l i s t s a 2 hour r a t i n g for a 4 i n c h t h i c k tile a r c h w i t h 1-1/2 i n c h e s of concrete fill and a 3/4 inch plaster ceiling. T h e tile a r c h floors i n Union Station range from 6 to 18 inches deep, w i t h 4-1/2 inches of c i n d e r f i l l , 1 i n c h of concrete above, and a p l a s t e r ceiling below. Theref o r e , a 2-hour r a t i n g can be i n f e r r e d . SUSPENDED P L A S T E R C E I L I N G S : A 3/4 hour r a t i n g i s r e q u i r e d for these ceilings. T h e book " F i r e R e s i s t a n c e R a t i n g s " ( D e c . 1964 P g . 20) p u b l i s h e d b y the American I n s u r a n c e Association l i s t s a one-hour r a t i n g for 3/4 i n c h , 1:3 g y p s u m a n d s a n d p l a s t e r on metal lath, a c o n s t r u c t i o n similar to the ceiling o v e r the Main Hall and the Concourse. national a n d local codes. T h i s would include a smoke alarm a c t i v a t o r a n d a s p e a k e r s y s t e m for r e c o r d e d w a r n i n g and evacuation messages. E M E R G E N C Y G E N E R A T O R : T h i s would p r o v i d e power to a n emergency l i g h t i n g s y s t e m , ( i n c l u d i n g e x i t l i g h t s ) , and to the e l e v a t o r s . WET STANDPIPES: These will be r e q u i r e d i n locations throughout the b u i l d i n g to conform w i t h Section 3 2 . 7 ( a ) i n the D C F i r e Code. Hose w i t h a length of 100 feet must r e a c h w i t h i n 30 feet of a n y point i n the b u i l d i n g . I n addition, i n each s t a i r c a s e , a wet standpipe w i l l be located w h i c h w i l l be connected to a F i r e Department Siamese connection outside the b u i l d i n g . AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM: There are no requirements for sprinklers according to the uses assumed for the b u i l d i n g . However, i n o r d e r to i n c r e a s e the area allowed within a single fire area in the Basement p a r k i n g g a r a g e , a s p r i n k l e r has been included i n the estimate for t h a t a r e a , as d i s c u s s e d i n Garage Requirements. Material ADDITIONAL PROTECTION: Where steel i s c u r r e n t l y e x p o s e d , protection has been estimated on the b a s i s of s p r a y e d - o n cementitious m a t e r i a l . Emergency Systems I n c l u d e d i n the b a s i c b u i l d i n g estimate are the following emergency s y s t e m s . FIRE ALARM: A building f i r e alarm i s r e q u i r e d b y evacuation the latest T h r e e pieces of steel from different I beams u s e d i n the o r i g i n a l c o n s t r u c t i o n at Union Station were tested to determine s t r e n g t h , p h y s i c a l properties and chemical properties. For the r e s u l t s , see the r e p o r t b y the T e s t i n g Company, E . L . Conwell & C o . , at the end of the S t r u c t u r a l Section. The two L a r g e I Sections were pieces c u t from t y p i c a l steel framing members. T h e s e samples meet or exceed a l l the 17 �requirements for s t r u c t u r a l steel i n effect at the time Union Station was built. T h i s conclusion i s the same as t h a t i n the e a r l i e r r e p o r t entitled, "Metallurgical I n v e s t i g a t i o n of T h r e e I B e a m s " , performed b y V a l u e E n g i n e e r i n g Laboratory for George Hyman C o n s t r u c t i o n C o . T h e Small I Section was c u t from steel forming a base for the w a t e r t a n k s i n the T a n k Room. T h i s steel does not meet the r e q u i r e m e n t s for s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l , b u t since the steel was not u s e d as t y p i c a l s t r u c t u r a l f r a m i n g , the r e s u l t s of the t e s t of t h i s section do not a p p l y to the determination of material p r o p e r t i e s of the s t r u c t u r a l frame. Code A b s t r a c t D i s t r i c t of Columbia October 1981. Building Code, POSSIBLE USE GROUPS: F i r s t Floor: o F-3 Assembly (Passenger Terminal) o F - 2 - Assembly ( R e s t a u r a n t / B a r ) o C - Mercantile Upper F l o o r s : o E - Business Basement: o B - Storage ( P a r k i n g as multiple occupancy is ( S e c t i o n 3 0 4 . 2 ( 3 ) 4 a ) permitted i n T y p e 1 c o n s t r u c t i o n w i t h a f i r e separation r a t i n g of 2 hours (Table 7 ) . EXISTING BUILDINGS: B u i l d i n g s altered or c o n v e r t e d to F - 2 or F - 3 u s e s must meet e g r e s s r e q u i r e ments for new c o n s t r u c t i o n ( S e c t i o n 639.1). DEFINITIONS: o o o o Mixed O c c u p a n c y - Two ( o r more) classes of use without p h y s i c a l separation ( S e c t i o n 2 0 1 . 0 ) . Multiple O c c u p a n c y - Two (or more) c l a s s e s of use p h y s i c a l l y separated b y f i r e s e p a r a t i o n s . Parking Garage: storage without r e p a i r or s e r v i c e f a c i l i t i e s . Storage Garage: repair and storage. BUILDING HEIGHTS: ( F r o m F i r s t F l o o r , a c c o r d i n g to B u r n h a m Drawings) 18 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Cornice of Main H a l l Roof: 122'-10" Top of p y r a m i d a l roofs f l a n k i n g C e n t r a l Pavilion: 101'-6". Fourth Level: E a s t Wing West Wing Top of pyramidal roofs at end p a v i l i o n s : 78'-3-l/2". TOTAL Top of 76'-10". roof over West Wing Gym: Top of cornice at E a s t a n d West Wing Offices: 69'-8-1/2". * FLOOR A R E A S : 39,170 FIRE SEPARATION RATING: A l l groups 303.5). 0 F-3: 0 F-2: 0 C: 0 E: 212,000 0 0 IB: B: 38,805 29,600 21,722 85,050 Basement: Mezzanines: All Areas above: 8,830 8,830 Second L e v e l : E a s t Wing West Wing 25,540 10,890 Third Level: E a s t Wing West Wing 25,380 10,890 36,430 36,270 Special Study for * Source is the T a s k Force on Union S t a t i o n , October, 1977. 2 hours (Section T Y P E S OF C O N S T R U C T I O N : 175,177 F i r s t Floor Main Hall E a s t Wing a n d P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite West Wing Concourse 472,467 Type 1 required over 60 feet. G r o s s S q u a r e Footage: 23,400 15,770 (Section 303.6(2) if I B •- Unlimited height and area I B •- Unlimited height a n d area I B •• Unlimited h e i g h t a n d area 1C •- Unlimited height and area I B - 20,000 s . f . I B - 20,000 basic ( 1 ) 10,000 S e c t i o n 3 0 4 . 2 ( 2 ) 1 30,000 w/o s p r i n k l e r s ( 2 ) 20,000 T a b . 6 note F 50,000 w / s p r i n k l e r s Passenger Cars (Section 304.2(3)2): i f limited to passenger c a r s , i n c r e a s e b y 50%, h o w e v e r , t r u c k loading and unloading i s permitted i n T y p e 1 Group B w i t h e n t r y at grade when vehicle i s i n control of the d r i v e r and not stored t h e r e . S p r i n k l e r s (Note F - T a b l e 5A-1: if equipped with s p r i n k l e r s y s t e m not o t h e r wise required, increase 100%, calculated from b a s e . S p r i n k l e r s are required in 19 �storage garages (with r e p a i r f a c i l i t i e s ) o n l y , not in p a r k i n g garages (Section 304.2(6)). STAIRWAY TO ROOF: May be an e x t e r i o r ladder i n e x i s t i n g buildings (Section 641.5). NUMBER O F E X I T S : GARAGE VENTILATION: o o o o o o F-3: F-2: C: E: B: 0-74 ( p o p . ) - 1 75-199 - 2 200-299 - 3 300 p l u s - 4 0-74 - 1 75 p l u s - m i n . 2 (above or below level) 0-125 - 1 125 p l u s - m i n . 2 (at egress level) Minimum - 2 Minimum - 2 Minimum - 2 o o egress EXIT REQUIREMENTS: o F-3: o F-2: o o C: E: o B: 7 s.f./person 100 p e r s o n s / u n i t door w i d t h 75 p e r s o n s / u n i t s t a i r w i d t h 10 s . f . / p e r s o n 100 p e r s o n s / u n i t door w i d t h 75 p e r s o n s / u n i t s t a i r w i d t h 3,000 s . f . / u n i t e x i t w i d t h 6,000 s . f . / u n i t e x i t w i d t h (not cumulative per f l o o r ) No w i d t h p r o v i s i o n ( S e c t i o n 6 2 4 . 2 ) (one u n i t e x i t w i d t h equals 22 i n c h e s ) L E N G T H OF T R A V E L : 0 0 0 0 0 20 F-3: F-2: C: E: B: 150 150 150 150 100 150 ft. ft. ft. ft. f t . w/o s p r i n k l e r s ft. w/sprinklers 500 cfm p e r p a r k i n g peak a c t i v i t y , 350 cfm p e r p a r k i n g normal a c t i v i t y , 100% makeup a i r . space at space at �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural HOUR R A T I N G S : From T a b l e 3 : Type I B T y p e 1C 0 I n t . B e a r i n g Walls 2 2 0 F i r e Walls 2 2 0 Exit Corridors 2 2 0 S h a f t s L e s s T h a n 10 f t . s q . 1 1 0 Public Corridor 3/4 3/4 0 Columns, G i r d e r s , T r u s s e s 2 2 0 Floors ( i n c l . beams) 2 1-1/2 0 Roof 1-1/2 1 3/4* 1 3/4 3/4* Partitions ( l e s s t h a n 15 f t . ) (15-20 f t . from f l o o r ) (more t h a n 20 f t . ) Protection not r e q u i r e d for F - 2 a n d F - 3 T y p e 1 w i t h s p r i n k l e r s . 21 �Historic Facades P r e s e r v a t i o n of the e x t e r i o r facades of the Union Station B u i l d i n g i s as important as p r e s e r v a t i o n of the i n t e r i o r s i f the b u i l d i n g i s to f u l f i l l i t s role as gateway to the nation's c a p i t o l . To t h i s e n d , the s u r v e y was d i r e c t e d to i n v e s t i g a t i o n s , f i n d i n g s a n d conclusions w h i c h could be t r a n s l a t e d into a scope of w o r k a n d a n estimate for r e p a i r a n d r e s t o r a t i o n as defined i n t h i s r e p o r t . Following the Investigative Report phase of the s u r v e y , additional detailed d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d d u r i n g the c o n s t r u c tion of Union Station w e r e obtained w i t h w h i c h to evaluate i n i t i a l f i n d i n g s and to plan subsequent detailed investigations. T h e I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t d e t a i l e d , on a b a y - b y - b a y b a s i s , the condition of the p u b l i c facades of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . T h e definition of the w o r d bay as u s e d here i s , as commonly understood i n the b u i l d i n g design p r o f e s s i o n s , a portion of a b u i l d i n g t h a t i s determined h o r i zontally b y the c e n t e r l i n e s of columns or p i e r s a n d v e r t i c a l l y b y the height of the b u i l d i n g . A p u b l i c facade, as the term i s u s e d h e r e , i s one exposed to f u l l v i e w from g r o u n d l e v e l . Not detailed i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e Report was the condition of n o n - p u b l i c facades of the b u i l d i n g , a n d a section i s included here. View of C a r r i a g e southwest Porch looking from GLAZING: T h e s u r v e y of s k y l i g h t s , windows, transoms and clerestory windows i s l i s t e d i n another A r c h i t e c tural subsection. E X T E R I O R L I G H T I N G : T h e condition of e x t e r i o r decorative l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s is d i s c u s s e d i n the E l e c t r i c a l Section of this report. 22 E x t e r i o r of H i s t o r i c from southwest Building looking �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural I n b r i e f , the p u b l i c facade conditions detailed i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e Report may be summarized as below. E x i s t i n g Condition Stained stonework i n Portico at B a y 21 W A L L S : Masonry walls are sound w i t h generally tight joints. E v e n though the b u i l d i n g was cleaned i n p r e p a r a t i o n for the B i c e n t e n n i a l C e l e b r a t i o n , t h e r e is considerable s t a i n i n g a n d discoloration of the masonry s u r f a c e s . T h e p i e r s of the main portico on the south facade a r e c r a c k e d i n the middle for t w o - t h i r d s of t h e i r height on the east a n d w e s t f a c e s , a n observation made s u b s e q u e n t to the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t . D i s p l a c e ment of parapet stones was o b s e r v e d i n the west portico of the south facade. Displacement a n d c r a c k i n g of stones was o b s e r v e d on the west facade. Some s u r f a c e s p a l l i n g of g r a n i t e masonry is e v i d e n t , p a r t i c u l a r l y at the base of the b u i l d i n g . DOMES: Of the masonry domes i n the east and south p o r t i c o s , one i n the east a n d nine i n the south are c r a c k e d . With the exception of four domes i n the east p o r t i c o , a l l others display some degree of s t a i n i n g w i t h some showing h e a v y s t a i n i n g . Numerous i n s t a n c e s of minor damage exist, r e s u l t i n g from miscellaneous changes over the y e a r s . There are expansion bolt holes i n masonry w a l l s , u n u s e d c h a i n s dangling from the south facade portico a r c h openings, r e s i d u a l s i g n s from the d a y s of the National V i s i t o r s ' C e n t e r usage of the b u i l d i n g , u n u s e d metal p l a n t e r boxes i n some F i r s t Floor window openings, e t c . View from C a r r i a g e P o r c h looking east 23 �E X T E R I O R D O O R S : With the exception of s i x doors on the east facade a n d one on the south facade ( a l l opening into the P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite C o m p l e x ) , none of the e x t e r i o r doors a r e o r i g i n a l construction. Of the s e v e n o r i g i n a l doors, f i v e a r e i n need of r e s t o r a t i o n . T h e remaining seventeen door openings h a v e been fitted w i t h a v a r i e t y of c o n s t r u c t i o n s of w h i c h f i v e at the C a r r i a g e P o r c h a r e metal r e v o l v i n g door assemblies a n d the balance a r e wood v e n e e r e d doors w i t h single glazed vision panels. WALKING SURFACES: Within the p o r t i c o s , these a r e i n e x c e l l e n t condition at the w e s t , i n good condition at the s o u t h , a n d i n poor condition at the east. I n the l a t t e r c a s e , r e s i l i e n t tile was applied to the o r i g i n a l concrete s u r f a c e a n d i t i s now b a d l y deteriorated. T h e d r i v e w a y to the P r e s i dential Suite e n t r a n c e h a s been i n - f i l l e d with a coarsely finished blacktop paving material. Investigative Tasks Required: A s a consequence of the v i s u a l s u r v e y a n d a n examination of c o n s t r u c t i o n documentation, the following conditions were identified as r e q u i r i n g f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n as p a r t of the p h y s i c a l survey: o o o o Remedy for g r a n i t e s t a i n i n g Degree of masonry displacement at cracking Remedy for s u r f a c e s p a l l i n g Nature of dome c o n s t r u c t i o n The major p r e l i m i n a r y f i n d i n g was t h a t , p e n d i n g the i n v e s t i g a t i o n of dome and wall c r a c k i n g , t h e r e appeared to be no i r r e p a r a b l e damage to the e x t e r i o r 24 facades of the b u i l d i n g . O t h e r p r e l i m i n a r y f i n d i n g s w h i c h led to i d e n t i f y i n g f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n a r e as follows: STAINING OF G R A N I T E MASONRY: T h i s i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to points of water penetration into the b u i l d i n g caused b y f a i l u r e s of roofing and flashing details. Investigation was performed to determine an appropriate remedy. C R A C K I N G OF G R A N I T E MASONRY: A t the w e s t facade attic a r e a ( w h e r e the " G y m " i s located) a n d i n the south facade main portico p i e r s , c r a c k i n g h a s o c c u r r e d , as well as displacement of stones i n the west facade a n d the west end of the s o u t h facade. I t is related to points of w a t e r penetration into the b u i l d i n g caused b y f a i l u r e of roofing and f l a s h i n g details a n d parapet cap joint s e a l s . I n v e s t i g a t i o n was p e r formed to determine the degree of bowing i n walls a n d to determine appropriate remedies. SURFACE SPALLING OF GRANITE MASONRY: T h i s e x i s t s at the base of the b u i l d i n g i n a r e a s exposed to salts u s e d for snow and/or ice melting. I n v e s t i g a t i o n was performed to determine an appropriate remedy. DOME C O N S T R U C T I O N : Minor domes in the east a n d south porticos a n d major domes i n the east a n d w e s t end b a y s of the south portico appear to be c o n s t r u c t e d of t e r r a cotta as indicated on the c o n s t r u c t i o n phase d r a w i n g s for the building. The same document source indicates t h a t the main portico domes i n the south facade were c o n s t r u c t e d of g r a n i t e . I n v e s t i g a t i o n at close r a n g e was performed to v e r i f y these assumptions as well as to c h e c k �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural the dome c r a c k s for s u r f a c e displacement and to v e r i f y actual c o n s t r u c t i o n of the domes. View of deteriorated column base of Portico stonework at CARRIAGE PORCH DISCOLORATION: T h e major b a r r e l v a u l t at the C a r r i a g e P o r c h was v e r i f i e d to be of suspended cement p l a s t e r c o n s t r u c t i o n e a r l y i n the s u r v e y . T h r o u g h window openings into the f u r r e d space above the v a u l t , h a n g e r s , main and secondary s u p p o r t channels and p l a s t e r k e y e d t h r o u g h metal lath can be o b s e r v e d . Again, a r e a s of damage a r e d i r e c t l y related to points of water penetration into the b u i l d i n g caused b y failure of roofing and f l a s h i n g d e t a i l s . I n this case, f a i l u r e of i n t e r n a l r a i n w a t e r conductors also contributed to the damage. I n v e s t i g a t i o n was performed to determine the n a t u r e of the discoloration a n d a method for i t s removal. Physical Investigations: T h r e e sets of p h y s i c a l were performed: o o o View of dome inspection investigations close up inspection of c r a c k e d domes, a s t r i n g l i n e inspection of p a r a p e t s s u s p e c t e d of bowing, the retention of an e x p e r i e n c e d masonry r e s t o r a t i o n contractor to r e v i e w methods of masonry r e p a i r and c l e a n i n g . I N S P E C T I O N O F D O M E S : A s i x t y foot t r u c k extension c r a n e equipped w i t h a p e r s o n n e l b a s k e t was obtained and u s e d to i n s p e c t the nine damaged domes i n the s o u t h portico. I t was not possible to i n s p e c t the one damaged dome i n the east portico because of the presence of r e n t a l c a r s i n the p a r k i n g area at that e n d . I t was also not possible to i n s p e c t the b a r r e l v a u l t at 25 �the C a r r i a g e P o r c h because of danger to the safety of Metro p a t r o n s a n d a r r i v i n g and d e p a r t i n g r a i l p a s s e n g e r s . A n i n i t i a l intention to core the domes was not c a r r i e d out because of potential damage to the f i n i s h materials a n d the d i f f i c u l t y of r e p a i r i n g the core hole or any additional damage w h i c h might h a v e occurred. T h e method for the i n v e s t i g a t i o n was to place a n inspector equipped w i t h a probe and a d i c t a t i n g device into the personnel basket of the c r a n e at g r o u n d l e v e l a n d t h e n to e x t e n d the c r a n e boom to w i t h i n touching distance of the dome s u r f a c e . T h e c r a n e was stationed at the centerline of each of the b a y s i n v e s t i g a t e d . T h e extension capabilities of the c r a n e were s u c h t h a t v i r t u a l l y a l l s u r f a c e s of each dome were a c c e s s i b l e . Following the p h y s i c a l inspection, a photographer recorded t y p i c a l damage to the dome i n B a y 18. I n a l l , the domes i n B a y s 9 , 10, 1 3 , 15, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 27 were inspected. ( B a y numbers as shown on the F i r s t Floor A r c h i t e c t u r a l P l a n at the end of the A r c h i t e c t u r a l S e c t i o n . ) T h e r e s u l t s of t h a t i n v e s t i g a t i o n a r e summarized as follows: I t was v e r i f i e d t h a t a l l domes, w i t h the exception of B a y s 18, 19 a n d 20, a r e c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h t e r r a cotta tiles as the s u r f a c e f i n i s h m a t e r i a l . B a y s 18, 19 a n d 20 contain domes s u r f a c e d w i t h g r a n i t e masonry members. C r a c k s i n domes, both granite a n d t e r r a c o t t a , d i s p l a y e d minor s u r f a c e displacement. T h e r e was evidence of p r e v i o u s joint and c r a c k pointing of poor q u a l i t y . T h e pointing material was not c u t into 26 C r a c k i n dome at B a y 18 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural the masonry to a n y d e p t h , b u t merely a surface application, and is starting to c r u m b l e . Probes of open joints between masonry sections were stopped at 4 i n c h e s of depth b y h a r d material above. Where c r a c k s i n domes o c c u r , t h e r e i s no visible evidence of any crack t r a v e l i n g to a n d down a n y s u p p o r t i n g a r c h or p i e r . S t a i n i n g at t e r r a cotta domes i s t r a p p e d b e h i n d the glazed s u r f a c e . S t a i n i n g at g r a n i t e domes is on the s u r f a c e of the granite. At close inspection r a n g e , i t was evident t h a t some t e r r a cotta tiles a r e chipped at the glazed s u r f a c e . A c o r r o l a r y inspection c a r r i e d out l a t e r was the observation of the top s u r f a c e of the domes i n B a y s 17 ( t e r r a cotta) a n d 18 ( g r a n i t e ) . A c c e s s to the dome in B a y 17 was obtained t h r o u g h an inspection hole c u t into the floor of the V a u l t Room on the Second F l o o r . A c c e s s to the dome i n B a y 18 was obtained t h r o u g h the roof access panel for relamping the dome l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e . T h a t inspection v e r i f i e d that the top s u r f a c e s of the domes are composed of a v e r y hard plaster-like material, that total dome c o n s t r u c t i o n t h i c k n e s s i s approximately 9 i n c h e s , t h a t masonry members a r e tied together w i t h metal clamps buried in the plaster-like material, a n d t h a t the domes are s e l f - s u p p o r t i n g w i t h no metal h a n g e r s to pose r u s t i n g problems. S T R I N G L I N E I N S P E C T I O N OF P A R A P E T WALLS: Two workmen were employed to d r a w s t r i n g l i n e s t a u t as a baseline against which an inspector could measure wall displacement at two locations. T h e f i r s t location was the west facade attic parapet w a l l ; the second location was the parapet w a l l on the south facade between the West T a n k Room and the Gymnasium. T h e r e s u l t s of that i n v e s t i g a t i o n are s u m marized as follows: T h e 153 foot long west facade parapet wall showed no consistent p r o g r e s s i v e bowing to the midpoint of the length of the w a l l . Maximum displacement of 3/4 inch occurred above the cracked stones i n the v e r t i c a l s u r f a c e of that wall and is coincident w i t h the a r e a of greatest water penetration of the roof. T h e south facade parapet wall i s 124 feet long. I n t h a t d i s t a n c e , consistent p r o g r e s s i v e bowing to the midpoint of the w a l l was o b s e r v e d . T h e maximum displacement of 3-1/2 i n c h e s o c c u r e d i n the two parapet capstones at the midpoint. Visual sighting indicated t h a t t h i s displacement continued down into the b r i c k b a c k u p wall below, t a p e r i n g b a c k to no displacement at a distance of 4 feet below the parapet cap. Conclusions: Following the p h y s i c a l investigations and consultation w i t h s t r u c t u r a l members of the s u r v e y team ( w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e ) , conclusions were r e a c h e d as noted below: STAINING OF GRANITE MASONRY: T h i s i s water induced a n d , for the most p a r t , i s removable w i t h contemporary cleaning techniques. The caution is t h a t , i n a b u i l d i n g of t h i s age, not all evidences of s t a i n s w i l l disappear. 27 �MASONRY DISPLACEMENT FROM CRACKING: I n domes, c r a c k i n g i s not of c o n c e r n from a s t r u c t u r a l s t a b i l i t y viewpoint. The cracks have not t r a v e l e d to and into s u p p o r t i n g members; the domes a r e s e l f - s u p p o r t i n g , not s u s p e n d e d , and t h e y a r e contained b y massive surrounding structures. T h e r e f o r e , the c r a c k i n g i s freeze/thaw i n d u c e d and the r e p a i r measures a r e for maintenance o n l y . C r a c k i n g i n masonry w a l l s a n d p i e r s i s not of concern from a structural stability viewpoint. Where those c r a c k s o c c u r , t h e r e i s not v e r t i c a l displacement of horizontal joints nor a n y other d i s p l a y of s t r u c t u r a l d i s t r e s s . T h e c r a c k i n g o c c u r s at known a r e a s of w a t e r penetration and may safely be assumed to be the consequence of freeze/thaw c y c l e s . R e p a i r measures a r e for maintenance o n l y . V i e w of Portico showing s t a i n i n g . Horizontal displacement of parapet walls at the west facade a n d at the w e s t portion of the south facade i s not of c o n c e r n from a s t r u c t u r a l s t a b i l i t y viewpoint. A t the w e s t facade the movement i s r e l a t e d to the water problems encountered i n the Gymnasium a n d should not continue to move w i t h the correction of those problems. At the south facade the movement was i n d u c e d b y w a t e r penetration t h r o u g h joints i n the p a r a p e t cap a n d s u b s e quent e x p a n s i o n i n the freeze/thaw cycle. T h i s should not continue after the r e p a i r of the p a r a p e t cap i n the National P a r k S e r v i c e Phase I I Roofing Repairs Contract. I n n e i t h e r case i s it a d v i s a b l e to tear down a n d r e b u i l d the r e f e r e n c e d w a l l s . N A T U R E O F DOME C O N S T R U C T I O N : I t was determined t h a t , i n s e q u e n c e , minor domes i n the east and south 28 View of g r a n i t e dome. r a d i a t i n g from c e n t e r . Note crack �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural porticos had been designed f i r s t as stone masonry s t r u c t u r e s , t h e n as s u s p e n d e d cement p l a s t e r s t r u c t u r e s , b u t were a c t u a l l y c o n s t r u c t e d as t e r r a cotta masonry structures. Of the major domes i n the south portico, those i n the main e n t r a n c e portico were i n i t i a l l y designed and finally constructed as stone masonry s t r u c t u r e s while those at the east a n d west ends of the south portico followed the same sequence as the minor domes, ending up as t e r r a cotta masonry construction. T h e monumental b a r r e l v a u l t at the C a r r i a g e P o r c h , h o w e v e r , was designed as a suspended cement p l a s t e r ceiling s y s t e m and remains so, as c o n s t r u c t e d . T h e statement was made i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t t h a t all of the minor domes i n the south portico h a d l i g h t f i x t u r e s removed. T h i s was based on the fact t h a t the crown member of each of the minor domes was pierced at i t s c e n t e r w i t h a 1-1/2" to 2 " diameter hole w h i c h was assumed to be access for w i r i n g a l i g h t f i x t u r e . A c q u i s i t i o n and study of construction phase d r a w i n g s , specifically a l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s c h e d u l e , r e v e a l e d t h a t f i x t u r e s were n e v e r planned for these domes. While it cannot be said with absolute c e r t a i n t y , the hole was probably an aid to placing the crown member as the l a s t piece of the dome i n the c o n s t r u c tion p r o c e s s . VAULT COLORATION: The distinctly d i f f e r e n t coloration of the monumental b a r r e l v a u l t at the C a r r i a g e P o r c h led to the i n i t i a l conclusion t h a t i t had not been cleaned along w i t h the r e s t of the building, in preparation for the Bicentennial Celebration. Further r e s e a r c h u n c o v e r e d the fact t h a t t h i s v a u l t had been p a i n t e d . T h e plan had been to paint not only t h i s v a u l t b u t also to paint a l l of the major and minor portico domes. T h e r e s u l t of p a i n t i n g the v a u l t p r o v e d so u n s a t i s f a c t o r y t h a t p a i n t i n g the domes was cancelled. It is recommended t h a t the paint be removed b y low p r e s s u r e , fine g r i t s a n d b l a s t i n g and the p l a s t e r s u r f a c e s be r e s t o r e d u s i n g p l a s t e r i n g t e c h n i q u e s . I n t h i s i n s t a n c e , the paint removal technique w i l l r e q u i r e s t r i n g e n t p r o tection for Metro p a t r o n s and equipment at the escalator p o r t a l . REPOINTING: A thorough repointing program of a l l e x t e r i o r masonry where joints have deteriorated i s w a r r a n t e d from the viewpoint of preventative maintenance. WALKING SURFACE: At the east portico, t h i s i s u n s i g h t l y . I t i s s u g gested t h a t the r e s i l i e n t tile material be removed and the s u r f a c e of the existing concrete be ground and resealed. P r i o r i t i e s for Work: None of the w o r k suggested i n t h i s section i s of immediate u r g e n c y . All of the w o r k i s either of a maintenance or a historical restoration nature. H o w e v e r , prolonged deferment of the c r a c k r e p a i r s , repointing and masonry cleaning w i l l only exacerbate e x i s t i n g conditions. Restoration w o r k should follow i n the normal course of the c o n s t r u c t i o n program. 29 �Non-Historic Exteriors Contemporary Facades T h e r e a r e t h r e e contemporary facades ( w e s t , n o r t h a n d e a s t ) . T h e east a n d west, with weathering surfaces of white g r a n i t e , a r e i n good condition, e x h i b i t i n g only minor damage. The n o r t h facade, w i t h a w e a t h e r i n g s u r f a c e of s t u c c o , i s incomplete a n d e x h i b i t s a g r e a t e r , although not major, degree of damage. R e p a i r s r e q u i r e d to the east and w e s t facades a r e minor: replacement of b r o k e n g l a s s , c a u l k i n g of open joints, r e s e t t i n g of stones at a r c h s p r i n g i n g s a n d cleaning of metal f r a m e s . Should a new s t r u c t u r e be c o n s t r u c t e d to the n o r t h of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , the n o r t h facade would become a n i n t e r i o r w a l l , w h i c h would r e q u i r e a different f i n i s h . ORIGINAL CONCOURSE FACADES: The Concourse originally extended approximately 75 feet f a r t h e r to the east a n d to the w e s t t h a n i s c u r r e n t l y the case. Those extensions had e x t e r i o r walls composed of g r a n i t e a n d t e r r a cotta masonry e x p r e s s e d i n the same a r c h i t e c t u r a l idiom as the balance of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . T h e w e s t w a r d e x t e n s i o n was the f i r s t to be removed as p a r t of the Metro c o n s t r u c t i o n program. T h e e a s t w a r d e x t e n s i o n was removed i n the course of the c o n s t r u c tion program for the garage a n d the southeast approach r a m p . T h e r e p l a c e ment f a c a d e s , as well as the n o r t h facade, were t h e n r e s t a t e d i n a c o n temporary a r c h i t e c t u r a l idiom u s i n g the same white g r a n i t e masonry as u s e d i n the main portion of the b u i l d i n g on the east and west f a c a d e s . I n the i n t e r e s t of h i s t o r i c r e s t o r a t i o n , the s u r v e y team considered recommending the r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of, at 30 Intercepting Porch barrel v a u l t at View of n o r t h w e s t corner of B u i l d i n g from Northwest Ramp Carriage Historic �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural View of Building east facade of Historic l e a s t , the E a s t a n d West Concourse facades i n the o r i g i n a l a r c h i t e c t u r a l idiom. A n impetus to t h i s c o n s i d e r a tion was the d i s c o v e r y that the o r i g i n a l g r a n i t e stones h a d been stored i n the W Street T r a i n Y a r d . Discussion with Washington T e r m i n a l Company r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s about the cache of masonry artifacts verified its existence but diminished i t s value as a source of material for reconstruction. When demolished, the pieces of the facade had not been coded i n a n y fashion nor had t h e y been stockpiled i n a n y o r d e r l y manner. F u r t h e r , there could be no guarantee t h a t the full complement of facade pieces remained, as there h a d been no systematic controls on removal, nor s e c u r i t y measures i n s t i t u t e d to forestall pilferage of the m a t e r i a l . Therefore, r e s t o r a t i o n would be a r e l a t i v e l y e x p e n s i v e p r o c e s s , beginning w i t h a s u r v e y of the contents of the train yard. F o r the purposes of simplifying the estimate, t h i s w o r k was not i n c l u d e d . Non-Public Facades View of windows i n E a s t C e n t r a l Wing at T h i r d Floor T h e n o n - p u b l i c facades can be d i v i d e d in two g r o u p s : those s u r r o u n d i n g or bounding interior light courts and those on the n o r t h - f a c i n g facades of the b u i l d i n g . T h e facades at l i g h t c o u r t s a r e c o n s t r u c t e d of a l i g h t beige colored p r e s s e d b r i c k i n the u p p e r reaches a n d of a white glazed b r i c k i n the lower r e a c h e s . T h e u s e of the l i g h t colored b r i c k was calculated to achieve maximum reflection of n a t u r a l light into n e a r b y s k y l i g h t s a n d c l e r e stories. T h e n o r t h - f a c i n g facades are c o n s t r u c t e d of r e d b r i c k . I n both c a s e s , parapet caps a n d window s i l l s are c o n s t r u c t e d of t e r r a cotta a n d windows are wooden double h u n g s a s h . S k y l i g h t s were c o n s t r u c t e d of metal 31 �and g l a s s w i t h leather s t r i p w a t e r proofing a n d copper caps at the mullions. S k y l i g h t s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n g r e a t e r detail i n a separate section of t h i s r e p o r t . Conditions of the n o n - p u b l i c facades may be c h a r a c t e r ized as follows: EXISTING CONDITIONS: Both the p r e s s e d and glazed b r i c k l i g h t c o u r t walls were c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h n a r r o w ( 1 / 8 " w i d e ) mortar joints w h i c h , w h e r e o b s e r v a b l e , appear to be i n acceptable condition. T h e most p r e v a l e n t form of damage o b s e r v e d i n these walls was that of the c u t t i n g or c o r i n g of walls to permit the i n t r o d u c t i o n of e l e c t r i c a l conduits over the y e a r s . T h e s e walls are relatively clean. T h e n o r t h facing r e d b r i c k walls a r e another matter. They are stained a n d , w h e r e o b s e r v a b l e , show deterior a t i n g mortar j o i n t s . View of l i g h t c o u r t above Second Floor at east c e n t r a l Roof One notable difference from the p u b l i c facades is t h a t the n o n - p u b l i c facade window openings h a v e e x t e r i o r sills c o n s t r u c t e d of t e r r a cotta. T h o s e s i l l s show evidence of deterioration at the weathering joints. Repairs recommended are, cleaning with high pressure water, repointing and p a t c h i n g of holes w h e r e they occur. Roof S u r f a c e s T h e condition of the roofs at Union Station i s outside the scope of the s u r v e y . T h e Union Station Redevelopment A c t a s s i g n s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y for roof and drainage s y s t e m r e p a i r to the National Park Service, which has undertaken a separate two-phase program of v i t a l l y - n e e d e d roof r e p a i r s . 32 Deterioration on east c e n t r a l Roof �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Capstones on Roof Phase I of t h a t program has been c o n s t r u c t e d and i s completed. Phase I I of that program has been designed and i s r e a d y to b i d , b u t , as of the date of w r i t i n g t h i s r e p o r t , has not y e t been b i d . T h e s u r v e y team c o n sulted frequently w i t h the National Park Service and its consultant, r e v i e w e d p r o g r e s s submission b i d d i n g documents, a n d evaluated those d i s cussions a n d document reviews in relation to conditions o b s e r v e d at the s i t e . T h a t evaluation gave r i s e to the opinion t h a t the roof r e p a i r program i s being conducted i n a professionally competent fashion u s i n g s t a t e - o f - t h e - a r t remedial measures w h i c h should g u a r antee w e a t h e r t i g h t conditions w i t h i n i n d u s t r y s t a n d a r d s for l o n g e v i t y , i . e . , twenty y e a r s . I t was noted, i n the r e v i e w of documents, that a l l roofr e l a t e d items, s u c h as parapet caps and s k y l i g h t s , h a d been accounted for i n addition to the reroofing a n d f l a s h i n g conditions. Two items, the n a t u r e of the capstone roof r e p a i r s at the four major s o u t h facade t o w e r s , a n d removal and r e i n s t a l l a t i o n of obsolete rooftop a i r conditioning equipment were called to the attention of the National P a r k S e r v i c e for r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n as a consequence of information w h i c h came out of t h i s s u r v e y . I t cannot be emphasized too s t r o n g l y t h a t i t i s v i t a l t h a t the Phase I I Roof R e p a i r Program be c a r r i e d out as soon as possible i n o r d e r t h a t roof r e l a t e d water penetration may be stopped. I t i s t h a t water penetration of the b u i l d i n g t h a t h a s been r e s p o n s i b l e for most of the damage to both the i n t e r i o r and e x t e r i o r of the building. 33 �Glazing T h e glazing i n the can be considered categories: o o o Historic Building in three broad Skylights T r a n s o m s and C l e r e s t o r i e s Windows T h e windows to the u p p e r floors were s u r v e y e d i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t and the r e s u l t s of that s u r v e y a r e summarized h e r e . Transoms, Clerestories and Skylights are s u r v e y e d below. A table of s i z e s a n d locations follows at the end of the Architectural Section. Glazing is described in a discrete subsection because i t i s important to the r e s t o r a t i o n aims of both the e x t e r i o r and the i n t e r i o r . I n the estimate, h o w e v e r , the w i n d o w s , transoms a n d c l e r e s t o r i e s h a v e been i n c l u d e d w i t h the e x t e r i o r r e s t o r a t i o n section and the s k y l i g h t s are i n a s u b s e c t i o n of t h e i r own. I n t e r i o r view of saw-toothed s k y l i g h t above E a s t Hall looking west (#32-34) Skylights B u r n h a m u s e d s k y l i g h t s both as a source of u s e f u l l i g h t a n d for dramatic a r c h i t e c t u r a l effect. T h e r e f o r e , r e s t o r ation of all the s k y l i g h t s h a s been proposed i n the estimate w i t h the Concourse a n d West Hall shown as separate s u b t o t a l s . First floor skylight restoration is important so t h a t the appearance of the h i s t o r i c spaces may be maintained: obviously a l i g h t e d , a i r y ceiling g i v e s a much d i f f e r e n t effect t h a n the h e a v y , d a r k impression the same ceiling would h a v e w i t h the s k y l i g h t s c o v e r e d . 34 Skylights above southwest T h i r d Floor (#28-31) wing of �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural F o r t u n a t e l y , the s k y l i g h t s over the h i s t o r i c F i r s t Floor a r e a s h a v e a double glazing system. T h e outside glass keeps the weather o u t , a n d the i n n e r glass i s p a r t of the ceiling appearance. B e c a u s e of t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n , it i s possible to renovate the exterior construction using typical glazing materials i n u s e today, a n d create a new w e a t h e r - t i g h t seal without c h a n g i n g the appearance of the i n s i d e ceiling glazing. T h e condition of the ceiling glass i s r e p o r t e d i n the s u r v e y section of each space a n d i s i n good condition generally e x c e p t for d i r t a n d occasional broken panes. W E S T H A L L ( 1 2 0 A ) : T h i s contains the most dramatic s k y l i g h t application i n the b u i l d i n g : a h i g h b a r r e l v a u l t w i t h s k y l i g h t panes located as c o f f e r s . T h e skylight has a t r u s s structure within a four foot space between the glazing l a y e r s . A t p r e s e n t the outside glazing consists of 1 " t h i c k c o r r u g a t e d w i r e glass panels laid up i n shingle f a s h i o n . T h e mullions a r e copper w i t h leather g a s k e t i n g c r e a t i n g the s e a l . Several e x t e r i o r panes a r e b r o k e n , a n d s e v e r e l e a k i n g h a s been noted d u r i n g the survey. T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n i s a candidate for engineering p r e s e r v a t i o n , b u t for the p u r p o s e s of t h i s s u r v e y , a modern aluminum framing s y s t e m was proposed as the b a s i s for the c o s t . I n t e r i o r of r e c e s s e d l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e r e p l a c i n g former s k y l i g h t (#18-22) WEST H A L L SOUTH A L C O V E S ( 1 2 0 C - E ) : T h e s k y l i g h t openings were covered w i t h roofing as p a r t of the N V C r e n o vations, and ductwork now runs between the roof s t r u c t u r e and a drywall ceiling. 35 �T h e d r y w a l l c o n s t r u c t i o n should be demolished as p a r t of the r e s t o r a t i o n of the West Hall a r e a , a n d the d u c t w o r k should be relocated into a d e l i v e r y s y s t e m t h a t i s compatible w i t h the c l a s s i c a l a r c h i t e c t u r e . A s p a r t of t h i s w o r k , the s k y l i g h t s s h o u l d be reopened, depending on the specific design of the alcove c e i l i n g . BAGGAGE ROOM (102-118; 120B): T h e monitors for these s k y l i g h t s h a v e not been roofed o v e r , b u t the glass has been r e p l a c e d w i t h corrugated metal. A t the ceiling l e v e l i s a f l a t , i n n e r glazing i n a ceiling similar to t h a t i n the E a s t H a l l . Should these s k y l i g h t s be reopened as a n amenity to t h i s s p a c e , the relocation of the large outside a i r d u c t from below the ceiling w i l l be n e c e s s a r y . C e i l i n g Of Concourse With S k y l i g h t CONCOURSE (100): There were o r i g i n a l l y two s k y l i g h t s on either side of the roof monitor w h i c h r a n the l e n g t h of the v a u l t e d c e i l i n g . The inner glazing i s i n t a c t b u t d i r t y . T h e outer glazing i s i n t a c t , b u t c o v e r e d w i t h plastic roofing material. When the r e c e n t roofing w o r k was done, the Concourse was partially reroofed, e x c e p t o v e r the former s k y l i g h t a r e a . I n the remaining roof r e p a i r s , the outer glass i s to be removed a n d r e p l a c e d w i t h metal deck a n d roofing membrane. I n c l u d e d i n the estimate i s the cost of reopening the skylight area and i n s t a l l i n g new g l a z i n g . EAST HALL (137A): This ceiling resembles the Baggage Room from the interior, b u t the e x t e r i o r i s t h r e e continuous sawtooth monitors, r a t h e r t h a n i n d i v i d u a l s q u a r e monitors t h a t correspond to the ceiling p a t t e r n . A g a i n , r e s t o r a t i o n of these s k y l i g h t s 36 Skylights above Floor (#52-55) East Wing Second �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural will r e q u i r e r e c o n s t r u c t i o n , as the glass i s to be removed i n the remaining roof r e p a i r s p r o g r a m . SERVING A R E A (132A): T h e r e are three skylight openings currently roofed over t h a t c a n be reopened. Restoration of this space is not recommended as i t was not p a r t of the public r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n , b u t the s k y l i g h t s could be opened for the purpose of adding n a t u r a l l i g h t to make e i t h e r t h i s space or the Mezzanine above more easily r e n t a b l e . C l e r e s t o r y t y p i c a l of n o r t h a n d s o u t h walls of E a s t Hall (#9-18) UPPER FLOOR S K Y L I G H T S : A l l of these either h a v e been or w i l l be roofed over as p a r t of the c u r r e n t roof repair program. However, the framed openings a n d c u r b s r e m a i n . Most of these s k y l i g h t s would be desirable to b r i n g n a t u r a l l i g h t into spaces that do not h a v e w i n d o w s , a condition e x p l a i n e d in detail i n the U p p e r Floors S u b s e c t i o n . Transoms and Clerestories Many of the t r a n s o m s , c l e r e s t o r i e s a n d F i r s t Floor windows have t r i a n g u l a t e d mullions, b u t only r a r e l y are the actual panes of glass t r i a n g u l a r . More often, a r e c t a n g u l a r pane i s s u b d i v i d e d b y false muntins into t r i a n g l e s . This condition will facilitate glass replacement. WOOD F R A M E S : T h e frames are made of wood i n the West Mezzanine, P r e s i dential S u i t e , E a s t H a l l , a n d the h i g h , small c l e r e s t o r i e s of the Women's Lounge Complex a n d the Men's Smoking Room Complex. C l e r e s t o r y on Room (#19-23) north wall of Women's All wooden clerestories should be demolished a n d the glazing r e p l a c e d 37 �Basement with modern framing sections and i n s u l a t e d g l a s s . H o w e v e r , the o r i g i n a l design appearance should be maintained. METAL FRAMES: T h e large arched windows into the Main H a l l , the Men's Smoking Room Complex a n d the Women's Lounge Complex h a v e metal f r a m e s . T h e s e should be s c r a p e d , painted a n d the b r o k e n panes r e p l a c e d . Windows I n a s u r v e y detailed i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t , the condition of the wooden, double-hung windows on the upper floors was l i s t e d . B a s e d on t h i s , rehabilitation of these windows was recommended, w i t h the single e x i s t i n g panes of glass replaced with new double glazed i n s u l a t i n g g l a s s . By t h i s method, the o r i g i n a l appearance of the e x t e r i o r can be maintained. This w o r k i n c l u d e s the following: o o o o o o o Remove e x i s t i n g s a s h from window, Remove g l a s s , glazing stops a n d putty. Strip existing sash. I n s t a l l new double-light i n s u l a t i n g glass and new s t o p s . Paint s a s h . R e p a i r t r i m on f r a m e s . I n s t a l l new s a s h c o r d , c o u n t e r weights , metal w e a t h e r s t r i p p i n g , a n d replace s a s h . T h e baggage h a n d l i n g functions of Union Station were located i n the Basement i n a s y s t e m w h e r e s u i t c a s e s were dropped off at the F i r s t Floor West Hall Baggage Room (120B a n d spaces to the n o r t h ) , and lowered to the Basement t h r o u g h an opening i n the floor. T r u c k s h a d access to t h i s area from a n opening i n the w e s t w a l l , w h i c h i s at grade due to the steep slope i n F i r s t S t r e e t . A similar condition on the east side allows grade access also. I n both locations, t r u c k s pulled into the b u i l d i n g , onto a cobbled area which is separated from the concrete floor b y a s l i g h t c u r b . S e v e r a l b r e a k s i n the n o r t h r e t a i n i n g wall allowed access to the t r a c k a r e a . Most of these have been blocked d u r i n g renovations. The Long-Haul railroad tracks r u n t h r o u g h the b u i l d i n g at approximately the l e v e l of the Basement F l o o r , p a r t i a l l y s u p p o r t e d on g r a d e . T h e t r a c k s are s u p p o r t e d on a steel s t r u c t u r e at the point where the Mail T u n n e l goes u n d e r n e a t h the t r a c k s to connect the west side of the Basement w i t h what was a Post Office f a c i l i t y east of Union Station. S t a i r #7 connects t h i s t u n n e l w i t h the east side of the Basement. D u r i n g the Replacement Station c o n struction, a ramp was b u i l t w h i c h connects the Basement w i t h the platform level. T h i s is currently used by t r u c k s to gain access to the platform area from the s t r e e t . E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : T h e Basement slab i s c r a c k e d i n many p l a c e s , and a d e s c r i p t i o n of t h i s problem, as well as other unusual structural conditions w h i c h e x i s t i n the Basement, i s included in the S t r u c t u r a l Section. 38 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Steel columns i n the a r e a u n d e r the C o n c o u r s e a r e covered w i t h concrete only on the lower p a r t of the s h a f t for protection from baggage c a r t s . These w i l l need to be fireproofed for t h e i r e n t i r e length a s i s d e s c r i b e d i n the Code Compliance S u b s e c t i o n . E n c l o s u r e of the n o r t h wall of the w e s t side of the Basement i s recommended and t h i s h a s been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate. A l l nonbearing partitions have been recommended for demolition i n the estimate, a n d s u b s t a n t i a l r e p a i r , b u t not replacement, of the concrete slab floor i s s u g g e s t e d . A t the east s i d e , along the n o r t h w a l l , the Basement i s c u r r e n t l y not enclosed and i n d i s c r i m i n a t e access from the L o n g - H a u l t r a c k platforms i s p o s s i b l e . T h e a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t for the Concourse was i n s t a l l e d on the floor i n the middle of the w e s t side below the C o n c o u r s e , and a c t s as an obstacle to efficient p a r k i n g i n t h i s a r e a . I n a d d i t i o n , the l a r g e d u c t w o r k for t h i s u n i t c r e a t e s headroom problems along a n extended east-west r u n . P a r t of the Basement a r e a has been u s e d b y the Metro for a n E l e c t r i c a l Room a n d also the space u n d e r n e a t h the escalator w h i c h connects C a r r i a g e P o r c h w i t h the s u b w a y . T h e a r e a w h i c h p r e s e n t l y houses the P.A.V.E. s u n k e n theater c r e a t e s a large enclosed space s e p a r a t e d from the r e s t of the Basement. T h e lowest floor l e v e l i n t h i s a r e a i s below t h a t of the adjacent Basement F l o o r . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : A proposed e g r e s s scheme for the Basement i s d i s c u s s e d i n the Code Compliance Subsection a n d i l l u s t r a t e d in the Basement E g r e s s P l a n . Also d i s c u s s e d i n that s u b s e c t i o n a r e the r e q u i r e m e n t s i n the c u r r e n t code c o n c e r n i n g the location of a P a r k i n g Garage i n the B a s e m e n t . 39 �First Floor T h e spaces on the F i r s t Floor that were p a r t of the p a s s e n g e r terminal form the h e a r t of Union S t a t i o n , a n d , for t h a t r e a s o n , t h e i r r e s t o r a t i o n poses an important goal. What " r e s t o r a t i o n " means i n the c o n t e x t of t h i s r e p o r t h a s been covered i n a p r e v i o u s s u b s e c t i o n . What follows i s a d e s c r i p t i o n of the F i r s t Floor s p a c e s . T h e recommended scope of w o r k a n d cost of r e s t o r a t i o n is located i n the Cost Estimate s e c t i o n . Eight groups of spaces have been recommended for restoration in a previous subsection: o o o o o o o o Main Hall Complex ( 1 2 5 A - L ) West Hall Complex ( 1 2 0 A - E ) E a s t Hall ( 1 3 7 A - E ) Women's Lounge Complex 135, 1 3 6 A - B ) Men's Smoking Room Complex 124A-B) Lunchroom/NVC Theaters 127) P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite (138, 139, 142, 143) Concourse (100) T h r e e groups included in restoration. o o o of spaces w i l l the estimate (123, (126, 141, not be under Baggage Room/NVC Offices (102-118) Serving Area (132A-B) Various Ancillary spaces: 121A, 119A, 1 2 6 B , 126C, 130, 140 T h e s e spaces do not meet the for r e s t o r a t i o n outlined i n the subsection. However, repair damage and renovation w i t h new 40 (134, criteria previous of a n y finishes w i l l be recommended the B a s i c B u i l d i n g construction. as p a r t of making r e a d y for tenant F u r t h e r m o r e , even though these spaces a r e not slated for r e s t o r a t i o n , t h e r e are s t i l l p a r t i c u l a r a r c h i t e c t u r a l f e a t u r e s t h a t could be exploited i n a r e n o v a t i o n : s k y l i g h t s a n d h i g h ceiling h e i g h t s . Main Hall Complex (119, 1 2 5 A - L , 126A-C) HISTORY: O r i g i n a l l y , the Main Hall was u s e d as general w a i t i n g space that included small commercial pavilions. T h e w e s t alcove ( 1 2 5 G ) contained a b a n k of telephones, the east alcove ( 1 2 5 L ) a d r u g s t o r e , the room i n the n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r (119) a p a r c e l p i c k u p , the n o r t h e a s t c o r n e r a lunchroom entrance (126A), steward's office ( 1 2 6 C ) , a n d a s t a i r to the balcony walkway ( 1 2 6 B ) . I n the N . V . C . r e n o v a t i o n , the Main Hall housed information c o u n t e r s a n d the P r i m a r y A u d i o - V i s u a l E x p e r i e n c e ( P . A . V . E . ) , w h i c h r e q u i r e d the opening of a large hole i n the floor for a sunken theater. The west alcove became Tourmobile Information; the east alcove became a Post Office. The n o r t h w e s t room was transformed into a T r a v e l e r s ' A i d office, and the n o r t h e a s t room became the P a r k Police Office. These renovations included new c e i l i n g s , p a r t i t i o n s , and c o u n t e r s i n the affected a r e a s . I n addition, two o r i g i n a l g r a n i t e w a t e r fountains were replaced with s t a i n l e s s steel water fountains to accommodate wheelchair handicapped v i s i t o r s . �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural EXISTING CONDITIONS: Serious water damage has o c c u r r e d to the v a u l t e d ceilings above the Balconies (M12 A to E and M12 G to L ) . While only minor damage was found i n the ceiling o v e r the Main H a l l , peeling paint o c c u r s t h r o u g h o u t . Granite wall surfaces are stained and contain numerous expansion bolt holes r e s u l t i n g from p r e v i o u s signage applications. C a r p e t i n g i s badly w o r n and s t a i n e d . T h e i n n e r v e s t i b u l e doors have been removed. A l l other doors have s u f f i cient damage a n d , t h e r e f o r e , require replacement. C e r t a i n wood doors have been equipped w i t h automatic o p e n e r s , a n d t h i s function should be maintained for handicapped a c c e s s . Main Hall looking west INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the investigative report, the following areas were identified for a physical s u r v e y : o o o o o S t a b i l i t y of ceilings O r i g i n a l floor f i n i s h Placement of o r i g i n a l fountains Method of r e p a i r i n g p l a s t e r Method of r e p a i r i n g and cleaning granite s u r f a c e s P H Y S I C A L S U R V E Y : V i s u a l inspection of the h a n g i n g system w h i c h ties the p l a s t e r ceiling to the main t r u s s s y s t e m shows i t to be sound w i t h no c r a c k i n g or deterioration of s u p p o r t i n g members. I n s p e c t i o n of the p l a s t e r shows many areas of s e v e r e damage i n w h i c h p l a s t e r has fallen away or i s p r e s e n t l y c r a c k e d a n d loose. P r i m a r y Audio V i s u a l E x p e r i e n c e A n inspection of the B u r n h a m d r a w i n g s , showed the o r i g i n a l flooring to be marble. To determine the present condition of t h i s flooring, a 10 f t . b y 41 �30 f t . s t r i p of c a r p e t i n g was lifted i n the Main H a l l , a n d 2 f t . b y 2 f t . sections were lifted i n the alcoves a n d one v e s t i b u l e . T h i s revealed vinyl asbestos tile i n the alcoves w h i c h was also removed, l e a v i n g a t e r r a z z o f i n i s h in a l l a r e a s , e x c e p t for a concrete slab w h i c h was i n s t a l l e d as p a r t of the PAVE sunken theater construction. T h e slab i s ten feet wide and e x t e n d s the l e n g t h of the s o u t h e r n side of the P A V E . T h i s slab was v e r i f i e d t h r o u g h available d r a w i n g s . The terrazzo is s e v e r e l y c r a c k e d w h e r e i t comes into contact w i t h the new s l a b . Pieces removed from the c r a c k e d a r e a were identified as a thin-coat terrazzo flooring a n d t h e r e i s no longer a n y marble remaining below i t . Inspection above the N . V . C . ceiling c o n s t r u c t i o n r e v e a l s the g r a n i t e alcove ceilings a r e s t a i n e d a n d m a r r e d b y small holes. T h e n o r t h c o r n e r rooms have p l a s t e r ceilings from w h i c h the paint i s p e e l i n g . Vestibule between Main Hall and Concourse w i t h e x t e n s i v e w a t e r damage I n v e s t i g a t i o n of both the o r i g i n a l a n d r e v i s e d Union Station d r a w i n g s show t h a t two g r a n i t e fountains were placed on both the n o r t h and south s i d e . P a t c h i n g a r o u n d replacement s t a i n l e s s steel fountains c l e a r l y shows the e a r l y e x i s t e n c e of the g r a n i t e f o u n t a i n s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: After water intrusion has been stopped, the deteriorated ceilings should be r e p l a s t e r e d , t r i m should be r e c o n s t r u c t e d , and t h e n p a i n t e d . A detailed scope of w o r k , i n c l u d e d i n the C o s t Estimate s e c t i o n , was the b a s i s of the estimate for r e s t o r a t i o n for t h i s and the other s p a c e s . All 42 B a l c o n y v a u l t w i t h deteriorated plaster ceiling �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural e x i s t i n g flooring should be removed. I n order to r e s t o r e the o r i g i n a l a p p e a r a n c e , the subfloor should be r e b u i l t i n the P . A . V . E . a r e a , and marble laid i n the o r i g i n a l p a t t e r n s . A l l N . V . C . f i n i s h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , and ceilings should be removed and o r i g i n a l Burnham finishes restored. A l l granite holes and c h i p p i n g should be filled w i t h a g r a n i t e and epoxy paste. A l l g r a n i t e should be cleaned with a low pressure, fine-grit sandblast. New s t a i n l e s s steel fountains for the accommodation of handicapped v i s i t o r s Stainless steel water fountains should be removed from the n o r t h wall and replaced w i t h g r a n i t e fountains w h i c h can accommodate the h a n d i c a p p e d . West Hall Complex ( 1 2 0 A - E ) HISTORY: T h i s large open s p a c e , w i t h a v a u l t e d s k y l i g h t c o v e r i n g the e n t i r e expanse of the c e i l i n g , s e r v e d as the lobby for the T i c k e t Office to the s o u t h . T h e T i c k e t Office was separated from the lobby b y g r a n i t e c o u n t e r s w h i c h were topped b y a n ornamental i r o n and glass s c r e e n . T h e T i c k e t Office a r e a had a ceiling w i t h five s k y l i g h t s and ornate c o r n i c e s . I n renovations p r i o r to the N . V . C . construction, the marble tiles were replaced w i t h a concrete topcoat and the T i c k e t Office s k y l i g h t s changed to recessed lighting. West Hall D u r i n g the N . V . C . renovation, the T i c k e t Office a r e a became concession s t a n d s and was enclosed w i t h d r y w a l l , c o v e r i n g the o r i g i n a l ceiling and w a l l s . Between the West Hall and the T i c k e t Office a s e r i e s of e l e c t r i c a l l y - o p e r a t e d 43 �r o l l - d o w n steel gates were i n s t a l l e d ( i t is not clear w h e t h e r the g r a n i t e a n d ornamental i r o n and glass p a r t i t i o n was t a k e n down at t h i s time or e a r l i e r ) . F o u r of the wooden s w i n g i n g doors to the Carriage P o r c h were removed, along w i t h the ornamental i r o n transom frames a b o v e , a n d r e p l a c e d w i t h metal r e v o l v i n g doors. T h e g r e a t e r p a r t of the West H a l l , i n c l u d i n g the g r a n i t e columns a n d s k y l i g h t , was u n a l t e r e d . E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: S e v e r e water damage has destroyed the drywall ceiling and c a r p e t i n g i n the concession a r e a . Water h a s also s t a i n e d the west wall a n d c a r p e t i n g i n the West H a l l . T h e floor h a s been cored in two locations, probably for f i x t u r e s w h i c h were l a t e r removed. The granite has been d r i l l e d i n many locations a n d some pointing i s d e t e r i o r a t e d . Concession ceiling area with water damaged INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the Investigative Report, the following a r e a s were identified for a physical survey: o o o o Determine s o u r c e of leakage Determine condition of s k y l i g h t Determine damage to original finishes Determine design of original T i c k e t Office p a r t i t i o n PHYSICAL SURVEY: I n v e s t i g a t i o n of Roof 2 shows e x i s t i n g s t a n d i n g w a t e r due to malfunctioning r a i n w a t e r c o n ductors. D u r i n g a r a i n , water builds up on t h i s roof and e n t e r s the b u i l d i n g through f r e s h air louvers. T h i s water t h e n cascades down the w a l l s into the Men's Toilet Room a n d the concession areas. 44 Standing louvers water on roof at fresh air �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural T h e s k y l i g h t o v e r the West Hall h a s a b r o k e n e x t e r i o r pane near one of the l e a k s , a n d the e n t i r e s k y l i g h t shows s i g n s of deteriorated gaskets; this could be the source of the second leak. I n v e s t i g a t i o n of the T i c k e t Office's o r i g i n a l s k y l i g h t locations shows t h a t none of the o r i g i n a l s k y l i g h t glass e x i s t s and only the i n t e r i o r framing r e m a i n s . I n place of the s k y l i g h t i s a s y s t e m of deep sheet metal pans w i t h intermittent floodlights. D r y w a l l sections were removed from the wall a n d the ceiling for f u r t h e r investigation. B e h i n d the section of wall removed was an o r i g i n a l doorway opening w h i c h had been filled w i t h concrete b l o c k . T h e ceiling removal r e v e a l e d t h a t i n s t a l l a t i o n of the a i r conditioning d u c t has done s e r i o u s damage to c o r n i c e s , drop beams, a n d the s o u t h w a l l . T h i s totals a p p r o x i mately 100 s q . f t . of damage. A l l N . V . C . f i n i s h e s should be removed from both the concession a r e a and the West H a l l . T h e wall of the concession a r e a should t h e n be r e p l a s t e r e d to c o r r e c t l y close the o r i g i n a l door a n d the p r e s e n t d u c t openings, to r e c o n s t r u c t b r o k e n c o r n i c e s , and to r e p l a s t e r ceiling holes. E x i s t i n g flooring should be removed down to the s u b - f l o o r , and a marble floor matching the original design should be l a i d . T h e T i c k e t Office p a r t i t i o n performed a specific f u n c t i o n , and replacement i s not n e c e s s a r y to r e s t o r e the appearance of the space (see Restoration s e c t i o n ) . However, the d r a w i n g s are available i f f u t u r e r e s t o r a t i o n is d e s i r e d . E a s t Hall ( 1 3 7 A - E ) HISTORY: Prior to becoming the National Book Store i n the N . V . C , the E a s t Hall was a d i n i n g room. The N.V.C. renovations included the following c o n s t r u c t i o n : T h e c a r p e t i n g i n the t i c k e t a r e a was removed, and a topcoat of concrete revealed. T h e r e was no evidence of e x i s t i n g marble w h e r e the floor h a d been c o v e r e d . o T h e B u r n h a m d r a w i n g s l i s t e d i n the log include details of the T i c k e t Office's partition. o o CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Roof drainage should be c o r r e c t e d to stop f u r t h e r deterioration of the b u i l d i n g . R e c o n s t r u c t i o n of s k y l i g h t s i s recommended w i t h p r e s e n t day materials i n order to give the same internal appearance t h a t the o r i g i n a l c o n s t r u c tion g a v e . o the d i n i n g alcoves were closed off w i t h d r y w a l l , some to be u s e d for duct s h a f t s , bookcases and platforms were c o n s t r u c t e d on the main floor a r e a c a r p e t i n g was i n s t a l l e d , and the two sets of inoperable doors were replaced w i t h plate glass windows. EXISTING CONDITIONS: Water i n f i l t r a t i o n h a s damaged 40% of the p l a s t e r i n the c l e r e s t o r y space and h a s damaged the c l e r e s t o r y w i n d o w s . Minor water damage has o c c u r r e d on the drop beams of the skylight. Pilasters, w h i c h o r i g i n a l l y had a scagliola f i n i s h , 45 �were plastered and painted over. T h e s e f i n i s h e s are b e g i n n i n g to peel away from the b r i c k s u b s t r u c t u r e . Decorative moldings h a v e been damaged a r o u n d doors on east a n d w e s t s i d e s . Bookcases h a v e been removed, l e a v i n g small holes a n d bolts projecting t h r o u g h the f l o o r i n g . INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the Investigative Report, the following a r e a s were identified for a physical s u r v e y : o o o Determine condition of s k y l i g h t s Determine o r i g i n a l flooring Investigate original west wall design PHYSICAL SURVEY: A visual survey of the s k y l i g h t s , i n t e r n a l l y a n d from the roof, r e v e a l e d t h a t the mullions h a v e deteriorated s e v e r e l y . The dark s u r f a c e of the clay tile c o n s t r u c t i o n of the s k y l i g h t roof r e s u l t s i n a n u n e v e n amount of l i g h t t r a n s m i t t e d t h r o u g h the c e i l i n g - l e v e l g l a s s . View of E a s t Hall looking w e s t T h e o r i g i n a l marble tile floor, w h i c h i s v i s i b l e i n small a r e a s , has been c o v e r e d b y v i n y l asbestos t i l e , l e v e l i n g cement, wood p l a t f o r m s , a n d c a r p e t i n g . This c o n s t r u c t i o n has done damage to the marble i n many a r e a s . T h e o r i g i n a l B u r n h a m d e s i g n shows t h r e e s e t s of w o r k i n g doors on the west w a l l , each i n a decorative frame. T h i s design was amended i n B u r n h a m ' s r e v i s e d d r a w i n g s , to a c e n t e r operable door w i t h inoperable doors f l a n k i n g i t and f a c i n g the Main H a l l . A section of d r y w a l l was removed from one of the alcoves on the n o r t h side of the room to i n v e s t i g a t e damage caused 46 Deterioration at c l e r e s t o r y window �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural by the p a r t i t i o n i n g and the d u c t w o r k . T h i s opening r e v e a l e d t h a t the o r i g i n a l wall between the d i n i n g room and lunchroom h a s been demolished. The ceiling and some cornice w o r k has been damaged. F a b r i c , w h i c h may be o r i g i n a l , s t i l l e x i s t s on the w a l l s , b u t has r e c e i v e d s e v e r a l coats of p a i n t . B r i c k panels have been i n s e r t e d i n the o r i g i n a l v e n t openings. Close examination of the clerestory a r e a s shows t h a t the walls a r e s t i l l solid i n the w a t e r damaged areas and t h a t one e a r l i e r r e p a i r was c r u d e l y done. Enclosed alcove shows d u c t w o r k a n d walls removed existing I n eight of the c l e r e s t o r y w i n d o w s , the window mullions and s a s h are s t i l l i n good condition, although frames and caulking are deteriorating. Two windows a r e showing s i g n s of r o t t i n g i n s a s h e s a n d mullions. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Replacement of all e x t e r i o r s k y l i g h t mullions i s recommended. The clay tiles can be p l a s t e r e d to give them a r e f l e c t i v e q u a l i t y . T h e marble floor has been too damaged by N . V . C . c o n s t r u c t i o n and normal wear to be r e u s e d . T h i s floor should be replaced w i t h new marble i n a p a t t e r n to match the original d e s i g n . Restoration of the original B u r n h a m e n t r y scheme, t h r e e sets of operable doors and frames, would give f l e x i b i l i t y to the a r e a and r e s t o r e s the appearance originally intended. Damages at entablature clerestory wall and T h e wall between the d i n i n g room a n d lunchroom should be r e s t o r e d with 47 �concrete block a n d p l a s t e r , and damaged alcove plaster work should be replastered. The drywall construction, which enclosed the alcoves, should be removed. T h e e x i s t i n g alcove walls should be skim coated and p a i n t e d , the ceiling r e p l a s t e r e d a n d p a i n t e d , a n d the cornices r e p l a s t e r e d a n d p a i n t e d . Clerestory walls should be scraped down and skim coated. Existing p l a s t e r r e p a i r should be removed a n d o r i g i n a l p l a s t e r detailing r e c o n s t r u c t e d . Finishes should be removed from p i l a s t e r s , and a bonded p l a s t e r f i n i s h applied. Women's Lounge Complex ( 1 3 4 , 135, 136A-B) View of o r i g i n a l looking south Women's Toilet Room HISTORY: B u r n h a m ' s o r i g i n a l scheme allocated four b a y s i n t h i s space to the Women's Lounge a n d two b a y s to the Toilet Room. D u r i n g a l a t e r renovation the Toilet Room was i n c r e a s e d to four b a y s a n d a t e r r a z z o floor was i n s t a l l e d . I n the N . V . C . renovation the e a s t e r n two b a y s of the o r i g i n a l Toilet Room were g u t t e d , l e a v i n g the newer toilet area i n t a c t . T h e lounge was c a r p e t e d and a large c y l i n d r i c a l k i o s k was installed. EXISTING CONDITIONS: The tiles w h i c h r a n eight feet up the walls of the o r i g i n a l Toilet Room were removed, l e a v i n g r o u g h c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d exposed pipes on a l l four w a l l s . The north wall was f u r t h e r damaged when a v e n t i n g d u c t was r u n a c r o s s the wall and t h r o u g h one of the clerestory windows. C r a c k i n g e x i s t s between the w i n d o w s , and t h e r e are t h r e e holes i n the p l a s t e r . T h e t e r r a z z o floor contains 48 Original north Women's Toilet Room looking �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural troughs caused b y the removal of p a r t i t i o n s ; o r i g i n a l marble i s v i s i b l e i n these t r o u g h s . T h e ceiling contains numerous h a i r l i n e c r a c k s , some peeling paint a n d a small hole. A small enclosure along the n o r t h wall of t h i s room contains damaged plumbing f i x t u r e s . T h e Lounge and Toilet Room contain only minor damage: peeling paint a n d b r o k e n panes i n one c l e r e s t o r y window. T h e plumbing f i x t u r e s a r e i n f a i r s h a p e , w i t h some s t a i n i n g and s u r f a c e cracking. CONCLUSIONS TIONS: The removed along w h i c h i s too plumbing and i n c l u d e d i n the A p s e i n Women's Lounge AND RECOMMENDAterrazzo should be w i t h the o r i g i n a l marble damaged to s a v e . All mechanical demolition i s cost estimates. Along the south w a l l , w h e r e heating u n i t s should be removed, a n estimate for the cost of r e c o n s t r u c t i n g the walls to a height equal to the window s i l l has been i n c l u d e d . U n f i n i s h e d walls a n d damaged walls should be r e p l a s t e r e d . E n c l o s u r e s i n the o r i g i n a l Toilet Room a r e p a r t of the demolition estimate. Men's Smoking Room Complex View of south Women's Toilet Room looking (123-124) I n the o r i g i n a l p l a n of the b u i l d i n g , the men's facilities occupied a l l s e v e n b a y s along the w e s t e r n section of the south w a l l . T h e facilities included toilet areas i n the t h r e e b a y s f a r t h e s t to the w e s t , a 6 c h a i r b a r b e r shop a n d bootblack s t a n d i n the f o u r t h b a y , and a smoking room i n the l a s t three b a y s . 49 �D u r i n g renovations of the Toilet Room p r i o r to the N V C w o r k , two b a y s of f i x t u r i n g were added w h i c h r e d u c e d the Smoking Room to one p a r t i a l b a y . A l a y e r of t e r r a z z o was applied over the marble floor i n the Toilet Room, b u t the marble i n the smoking room was removed before the l a y i n g of the terrazzo. D u r i n g the N . V . C . r e n o v a t i o n s , sales a r e a s were i n s t a l l e d i n the two b a y s farthest west by constructing plaster a n d metal s t u d walls i n o r d e r to close off the Men's Room and conceal the o r i g i n a l wall f i n i s h e s . A new suspended d r y w a l l ceiling concealed the coffered c e i l i n g , and c a r p e t i n g was installed. T h e remaining toilet space also r e c e i v e d a d r y w a l l ceiling a n d new plaster w a l l s . T h e b a r b e r shop a n d bootblack s t a n d were removed, w h i c h i n c r e a s e d the Smoking Room to two b a y s . T h i s room was c a r p e t e d a n d a c y l i n d r i c a l k i o s k was e r e c t e d . Section of o r i g i n a l Men's Toilet Room c o n v e r t e d later into concession a r e a EXISTING CONDITIONS: Two very s e r i o u s w a t e r l e a k s e x i s t , i n the toilet area where the suspended drywall ceiling h a s been d e s t r o y e d b y water a n d i n the apse of the Smoking Room w h e r e e x t e n s i v e damage to the o r i g i n a l plaster has occurred. The existing ceiling h a s s u f f e r e d damage to the drop beams a n d to the ceiling p l a s t e r i t s e l f due to the installation of d u c t w o r k a n d the h u n g c e i l i n g . Plumbing f i x t u r e s a r e i n f a i r condition w i t h considerable s t a i n i n g a n d s u r f a c e cracks. 50 Water damaged Men's Toilet Room �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the Investigative Report, the following a r e a s were identified for a physical s u r v e y : o o Water Room damaged apse i n Men's Smoking Determine source of water l e a k s , I n v e s t i g a t e ceiling f i n i s h e s . PHYSICAL SURVEY: T h e source of the leak i n the T o i l e t Room i s the same as the one p r e v i o u s l y mentioned i n the T i c k e t Office/Concession A r e a . D u r i n g the i n v e s t i g a t i o n , a major i n f i l t r a t i o n of water o c c u r r e d at the apse i n the Smoking Room. An unplanned c r o s s connection between two standpipe systems allowed water up into the station's west t a n k room, out an open p i p e , and onto the floor. From h e r e , the w a t e r w o r k e d i t s way down the w a l l s , s h a f t s , s t a i r c a s e , a n d elevator s h a f t of the southwest side of the b u i l d i n g . T h e ceiling above the balcony n e a r e s t the a r e a a n d the apse of the smoking room were most directly affected, w i t h water s a t u r a t i n g both areas. Since this was the third incident of t h i s t y p e , i t i s the probable cause for the deterioration i n both areas. In investigating the original work above the d r y w a l l c e i l i n g , t h r e e items of h i s t o r i c i n t e r e s t were f o u n d : the base of an o r i g i n a l l i g h t , h a n d stenciled decorator's c a n v a s , a n d a piece of brown cornice w i t h gold t r i m . These f i n d i n g s do fit the d e s c r i p t i o n of the original color scheme, but further verification is necessary. The plaster shows h a i r l i n e c r a c k i n g and minor holes. T h e drop beams h a v e been c u t in t h r e e locations w i t h approximately 12 s q . f t . of damage. 51 �CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is urgent that the possibility of a standpipe crossconnection be investigated, (see Plumbing), and the roof drainage problem, be solved i n o r d e r to avoid further deterioration. After this work has been done, r e p a i r to the p l a s t e r should b e g i n . T h e estimate for t h i s space i s based on the following recommended work: t h a t the apse be replastered, the drywall ceiling removed, the c o r n i c e s a n d drop beams r e c o n s t r u c t e d , ceiling holes r e p l a s t e r e d , and t h a t r e p a i n t i n g o c c u r . A l l N . V . C . wall f i n i s h e s a r e recommended i n the estimate for removal i n o r d e r to r e v e a l original wall conditions. Also, all flooring should be removed down to the subfloor; marble of the same s t y l e a n d p a t t e r n as the o r i g i n a l s h o u l d be l a i d . Wire l a t h a n d p l a s t e r estimate i n c l u d e s c o n s t r u c t i o n up to the window s i l l s a n d l e v e l to the e x i s t i n g p l a s t e r i n a r e a s w h e r e old heating u n i t s s h o u l d be r e p l a c e d . A l l plumbing a n d mechanical should be removed. Replacement w i l l be dependent upon f u t u r e development. Existing Theater Lunchroom/NVC T h e a t e r s ( 1 2 7 , 128) HISTORY: T h i s space was u s e d as a c o u n t e r - t y p e lunchroom u n t i l N . V . C . renovations at w h i c h time the o r i g i n a l p l a s t e r w a l l s a n d ceilings w e r e covered w i t h d r y w a l l a n d the o r i g i n a l marble floor hidden b y plywood platforming to create two t h e a t e r s . EXISTING CONDITIONS: Except the removal of the f i x e d s e a t s , t h e a t e r s a r e i n good condition. for the INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: I n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t , the f o l lowing a r e a s w e r e identified for a physical s u r v e y : 52 Ornamentation theaters and window above �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural o o Determine finishes. Determine windows. condition condition of of original clerestory PHYSICAL SURVEY: A section of d r y w a l l was removed from the c e i l i n g , a n d the boards c o v e r i n g one of the clerestory windows were removed. T h i s r e v e a l e d a n o r i g i n a l ceiling t h a t s t i l l contained most of i t s o r i g i n a l character. Decorator's canvas, s t e n c i l e d i n a manner similar to the Men's Toilet Room c e i l i n g , was found not only on the ceiling i t s e l f , b u t also on the c l e r e s t o r y w a l l . There is a double c o r n i c e , one below the c l e r e s t o r y and one at the c e i l i n g , similar i n detail to t h a t of the E a s t H a l l . There a r e also corniced p l a s t e r beams a n d simple molding on the ceiling i t s e l f . Of t h i s w o r k , approximately 15% of the p l a s t e r i s damaged. E x c e p t for the one window w h i c h was b o a r d e d , a l l c l e r e s t o r y windows were b r i c k e d o v e r a n d only two h a v e remaining framework. A l t h o u g h inspection was limited, major damage i s known to e x i s t to the w a l l s . A s mentioned i n the E a s t Hall s e c t i o n , the wall between the two a r e a s h a s been removed. T h e o r i g i n a l door from the Main Hall h a s been covered o v e r , and the doors to the t h e a t e r s , e x i s t i n g on the east side of the n o r t h w a l l , were o r i g i n a l l y w i n d o w s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: All ductwork, projection equipment, d o o r s , d r y w a l l , p l a t f o r m i n g , and s t r u c t u r a l elements associated w i t h the theaters should be removed. Restoration work should include: reconstruction of the south wall, replastering damaged surfaces, rehanging doors which match the original design, and reconstructing b r o k e n cornices a n d the m i s s i n g c l e r e story windows. All N . V . C . flooring material should be removed. Due to probable damage from wear and c o n struction damage caused w h e n the t h e a t e r s were i n s t a l l e d , the e x i s t i n g marble i s recommended i n the estimate as removed and replaced by new matching m a r b l e . P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite (138, 139, 1 4 1 , 142, 143) HISTORY: T h i s complex of rooms was used originally as the President's Waiting Room. D u r i n g World War I I i t became a U . S . O . outpost. A f t e r the w a r , i t was b r i e f l y r e t u r n e d to i t s original function, with Dwight Eisenhower the l a s t p r e s i d e n t believed to h a v e u s e d i t . T h e N . V . C . r e s t o r e d the f i n i s h e s a n d u s e d the space as a n historical attraction. EXISTING CONDITION: T h e suite i s s t i l l i n excellent s h a p e , although some paint i s peeling. Many of the doors are missing their original hardware. T h i s i s the only a r e a i n w h i c h a major portion of the o r i g i n a l l i g h t f i x t u r e s s t i l l e x i s t i n good condition. INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the Investigative Report, the following a r e a s were identified for a physical survey: o Determine source of water c a u s i n g peeling p a i n t . leakage PHYSICAL SURVEY: No source of water leakage can be f o u n d . Peeling paint i s most probably due to the age of the paint a n d the t h i c k n e s s of the coats. 53 �CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A thorough refurbishing, including s c r a p i n g and p a i n t i n g of walls a n d c e i l i n g , cleaning of t i l e s , r e f i n i s h i n g of doors, and replacement of m i s s i n g h a r d w a r e i s recommended i n the estimate. Concourse (100) HISTORY: T h i s large v a u l t e d space was f i r s t u s e d for p a s s e n g e r queing and boarding. A t t h i s time the n o r t h w a l l was open to the t r a i n s and i r o n fencing w i t h t r a c k gates d i v i d e d the hall l o n g i t u d i n a l l y . D u r i n g two diff e r e n t c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s , the l a s t 75 feet on each side of the Concourse was removed, and modern granite facades were c o n s t r u c t e d . T h e N . V . C . closed the n o r t h side w i t h a d i s p l a y wall, covered the windows on the south wall w i t h d i s p l a y p a n e l s , removed the g a t e s , a n d c o n s t r u c t e d a n e x h i b i t a r e a w i t h r a i s e d platforms a n d c o u n t e r s . A t t h i s time a f a s t food r e s t a u r a n t was c o n s t r u c t e d at the w e s t e n d . Main room i n P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : Water leakage has caused many problems i n the Concourse. I n the c e i l i n g , f i v e major a r e a s of deterioration e x i s t , a n d 15% of the remaining ceiling shows some water damage. T h e w e s t wall h a s 200 s q . f t . of w a t e r damaged p l a s t e r and the south w a l l has 300 s q . f t . of discolored glazed b r i c k due to w a t e r p e n e t r a t i o n . O t h e r problems on the south wall a r e : a s e r i o u s t e r r a cotta c h i p p i n g problem, a c r a c k on the east e n d , and m i s s i n g wall c o n s t r u c t i o n w h e r e doorways were installed. INVESTIGATIVE TASKS REQUIRED: In the Investigative Report, the following a r e a s were identified for a physical survey: 54 E n t r y V e s t i b u l e i n P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural o o o Determine i n t e g r i t y of c e i l i n g . Determine condition of floor. Determine e x t e n t of damage to o r i g i n a l south wall windows and wall areas below. P H Y S I C A L S U R V E Y : V i s u a l inspection was made of the i n t e r s t i t i a l space above the b a r r e l v a u l t e d ceiling and below the roof. No evidence was found of a n y deterioration or c r a c k i n g of a n y of the h a n g i n g members. The p l a s t e r ceiling i t s e l f was found to h a v e loose a n d c r y s t a l l i z e d p l a s t e r . View of Concourse looking west T h e floor was inspected t h r o u g h a v a i l able access panels i n the platforms a n d by the removal of 200 s q . f t . of c a r p e t in a section j u s t inside the v e s t i b u l e s . No damage was found to a n y of the u n c o v e r e d flooring, w h i c h was concrete w i t h a two-tone p a t t e r n . Three of the display panels were removed for investigation of the w i n d o w s , two on the Baggage Room side and one on the T h e a t e r s i d e . The Baggage Room windows were s e r i o u s l y damaged w i t h lower panes missing and frames b r o k e n . A l s o , the wall a r e a was m i s s i n g below one window. T h e T h e a t e r side window was i n good condition, w i t h only minor damage to the wood frame. Southwest c o r n e r of Concourse. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Nine b a y s i n the Baggage Room and Lunchroom a r e a s h a v e had the o r i g i n a l wall removed, as determined by i n v e s t i g a t i o n behind the Baggage Room walls and a comparison of e x i s t i n g doorways w i t h the original d r a w i n g s . Major deterioration of the ceiling should be p a t c h e d ; deteriorated egg and d a r t t r i m and coved cornice molding should be r e c o n s t r u c t e d , and all water 55 �damaged a r e a s should r e c e i v e a skim coat u n d e r the r e s t o r a t i o n estimate. A l s o , water damaged p l a s t e r on the east wall should be s t r i p p e d and a new white coat a p p l i e d . A s noted i n Item S l - 5 of the S t r u c t u r a l S e c t i o n , the c r a c k on the east side of the South Wall i s not a s t r u c t u r a l deficiency. R e s t o r a t i o n of the south wall r e q u i r e s t h a t all missing wall sections be reconstructed, sections containing water damage replaced w i t h matching b r i c k , chipped t e r r a cotta r e p a i r e d w i t h a matching epoxy p a s t e , the c r a c k on the east side pointed, a l l d i s p l a y panels removed, and e x i s t i n g windows replaced or r e p a i r e d . Baggage Room from N . V . C . w i t h office partitions T h e r e s t a u r a n t should be demolished under the demolition estimate and n e c e s s a r y r e p a i r s made to the floor and ceiling under the restoration estimate. Reconstruction of three coffers a n d p a t c h i n g of concrete floor is recommended. Baggage Room/NVC Offices (102-118) HISTORY: I n i t s o r i g i n a l u s e , the area contained a large floor opening for conveyance of baggage to the Basement. T h i s opening was closed w i t h a concrete subfloor and a wooden f i n i s h e d floor p r i o r to the N V C Renov a t i o n s . T h e n o r t h wall of the Baggage Room contained large windows u s e d , most l i k e l y , for customer s e r v i c i n g . T h e s e windows are d i s c u s s e d f u r t h e r in the section on the C o n c o u r s e . Information counter at o r i g i n a l baggage counter a r e a 56 T h e ceiling includes the o r i g i n a l s k y l i g h t composed of seventeen sawtooth monitors. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural T h e N . V . C . renovations i n c l u d e d the installation of offices and a n information counter with drywall partitioning. Some of the e x t e r i o r windows were closed off and a n a i r intake duct was installed. EXISTING CONDITIONS: Remaining wooden doors and windows on the exterior are deteriorated. Wooden floor area shows s i g n s of b u c k l i n g . T h e p l a s t e r beams have been damaged b y the installation of the d u c t w o r k . S k y l i g h t panes are i n good condition, b u t have been painted o v e r . View of S e r v i n g A r e a looking south CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: T h i s space was not i n c l u d e d in the areas to be r e s t o r e d s i n c e , as a Baggage Room, i t was not p a r t of the public r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n . T h e existence of the skylight, however, is an a t t r a c t i v e a r c h i t e c t u r a l amenity, and its r e p a i r has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate w i t h the other s k y l i g h t s . S e r v i n g A r e a (132A, B and C ) HISTORY: T h i s a r e a was u s e d for final p r e p a r a t i o n of food d u r i n g the time the E a s t Hall was a d i n i n g room. With the N . V . C . r e n o v a t i o n , t h i s area was abandoned. View of S e r v i n g A r e a from Mezzanine E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h e entire a r e a i s i n poor condition. There are numerous openings i n the plaster, approximately 250 s q . f t . Ceramic tile r u n s 12 feet up the w a l l s ; t h i s tile i s damaged and has been painted o v e r . T h e door into the theater is set into a crude drywall partition. T h e ceiling has falling p l a s t e r and some small holes. Skylight areas have been closed and roofed over. Plywood p a r t i t i o n s have been erected i n two 57 �Upper Floors areas. P a i n t i s peeling badly on both the walls and the c e i l i n g . Flooring is b r o k e n a n d changes material s e v e r a l times. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : T h i s space i s not recommended for r e s t o r a t i o n . A f t e r e v a l u a t i n g the extensive damage i n the a r e a , the following w o r k was recommended i n the estimate: all ceramic tile and s e t t i n g removed, all holes i n ceiling and wall p a t c h e d , the white coat removed from a r e a s of s e r i o u s damage a n d a new white coat a p p l i e d , flooring removed to the subfloor and a t h i n coat t e r r a z z o installed. T h e s k y l i g h t i n t h i s space is a potential a r c h i t e c t u r a l amenity. T h e cost of glazing t h i s opening can be found u n d e r the s k y l i g h t heading i n the Cost Estimating S e c t i o n . T h e space above the F i r s t Floor level in Union Station was i n c l u d e d i n the b u i l d i n g p r i m a r i l y so that the design could attain the a r c h i t e c t u r a l massing t h a t B u r n h a m had e n v i s a g e d . It is d i v i d e d into two w i n g s , E a s t and West. B o t h have a Mezzanine l e v e l , a Second, T h i r d , and F o u r t h F l o o r , w i t h a p p r o x i mately 25,000 s q . f t . p e r f u l l floor on the east side and 10,000 s q . f t . on the west s i d e . Connection between the two wings can be made today only at the South Balcony Walkway i n the Main Hall w h i c h can be r e a c h e d by S t a i r s #4 and #5. A connection e x i s t s on the F o u r t h Floor w h i c h i s c u r r e n t l y closed but could be reopened. Some p a r t s of the b u i l d i n g d e s c r i b e d as p a r t of the Upper Floors i n the Investigative Report are now more f u l l y d e s c r i b e d i n other subsections of the Engineering Survey. Briefly, these a r e a s were c o v e r e d : o o o 58 Windows - Restoration i s recommended to p r e s e r v e the appearance of the e x t e r i o r , and t h i s w o r k has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate i n the same category w i t h e x t e r i o r restoration work. A description of the s u r v e y done i n the I n v e s tigative Report i s summarized i n a subsection titled " G l a z i n g " i n the A r c h i t e c t u r a l Section. Doors and H a r d w a r e - T w e n t y - f o u r o r i g i n a l doors were identified and could be r e u s e d . T h i s i s not s u f f i c i e n t for a l l f u t u r e needs and the estimate has been based on the assumption t h a t new, contemporary-looking doors w i l l be used. F l o o r s , C e i l i n g s and Walls - A description follows in this subsection. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural o o o o Room #358A southeast on Third Floor looking Stairs Refer to the Code Compliance subsection for a f u l l d e s c r i p t i o n of S t a i r s #1 t h r o u g h #5, w h i c h w i l l be e g r e s s s t a i r s . Stairs #6 through #14 are described in this subsection. E l e v a t o r s - A d e s c r i p t i o n follows in t h i s s u b s e c t i o n . Fireproofing - T h i s is described i n the Code Compliance s u b s e c t i o n . S k y l i g h t s - A cost for r e s t o r a t i o n of all the s k y l i g h t s i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate. The skylights and c l e r e s t o r y windows over the F i r s t Floor i n t e r i o r s have been included in a subsection of the estimate under Restoration. The skylights o v e r the Second and T h i r d Floors a r e included i n the B a s i c B u i l d i n g estimate. See the Glazing subsection for t a b l e s , locations, and d e s c r i p t i o n s . General S u r v e y HISTORY: T h e E a s t Wing Mezzanine was o r i g i n a l l y p a r t of the k i t c h e n S e r v i n g A r e a functions on the F i r s t F l o o r , as was p a r t of the Second Floor E a s t Wing. S t a i r #6 was the c o n n e c t i n g l i n k among these floors, a n d E l e v a t o r #3 was designed as a s e r v i c e elevator. A Mechanical Room was i n s t a l l e d i n the n o r t h leg of the Second Floor E a s t Wing and s e r v e d F i r s t Floor spaces as p a r t of the N V C r e n o v a t i o n s . National P a r k S e r v i c e a r c h i v e s are located along the east side of t h i s Wing. Room #234 on Second Floor T h e T h i r d Floor E a s t Wing included the Y M C A social s p a c e s , a f a c i l i t y u s e d by t r a i n c r e w s . A n example of how Burnham suppressed the functional demands of the Upper Floors to p r o mote h i s aesthetic aims on the e x t e r i o r 59 �can be seen i n the l a c k of windows into the office spaces on the south elevation of the E a s t a n d West Wings on the T h i r d Floor a n d the east elevation on the T h i r d a n d F o u r t h Floors. These areas received natural l i g h t a n d v e n t i l a t i o n from s k y l i g h t s only. View of Toilet Room on T h i r d Floor looking west east side of The F o u r t h Floor E a s t Wing was originally mechanical and storage s p a c e , a n d many steam pipes and r a i n w a t e r conductors make l o n g , low horizontal r u n s t h a t at f i r s t appearance would be unacceptable i n office s p a c e . H o w e v e r , offices were l a t e r i n s t a l l e d on t h i s floor, a n d s u c h a program today would be unaffected b y these obsolete systems for w h i c h demolition is i n d i c a t e d . T h e n o r t h leg of the F o u r t h Floor E a s t Wing was the location of the Y M C A dormitories. I n the West Wing, the Mezzanine i s located along the south wall a n d has windows t h a t look into the Portico. A portion of t h i s floor was u s e d b y the N V C for a Mechanical Room to s e r v e F i r s t Floor s p a c e s . T h e Second a n d T h i r d Floors i n the West Wing were general office s p a c e . T h e s o u t h side of the T h i r d Floor l a c k s windows a n d r e l i e s on s k y l i g h t s , similar to the E a s t Wing. T h e F o u r t h Floor of the West Wing has one large space that was u s e d as a gym b y the " Y " ( a l t h o u g h low t r u s s e s compromised this function to some extent). E a s t of t h i s space i s a smaller room ( 4 0 2 A ) w h i c h housed the model r a i l r o a d l a y o u t . View Of Y M C A Looking Note Water Damage 60 Northwest. Within the u p p e r floor a r e a a r e v a r i o u s spaces t h a t e x i s t i n the poche of Burnham's design: space t h a t was �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural b u i l t i n order to give the appearance of mass to the d e s i g n . T h e s e include the T a n k Rooms (405 and 4 0 8 ) , the v a u l t passage i n the t r u s s space above the Main Hall c e i l i n g , spaces 200, 224, 252 and 221 i n s i d e the corner " p i e r s " of the Main H a l l , a n d the s i x h u n d r e d foot long d u c k board w a l k w i t h i n the t r u s s e s above the Concourse c e i l i n g . These spaces receive some natural l i g h t , b u t not m u c h , from windows that probably were more important for ventilation. T h e s e spaces would be rentable only i n the most u n u s u a l circumstances due to problems w i t h egress and a c c e s s . Room #445 on F o u r t h Floor s o u t h e a s t . Note water damage. looking E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : Water damage is e x t e n s i v e throughout the F o u r t h Floor i n both the E a s t Wing and the Gym. T h e r e i s also s u b s t a n t i a l water damage on the T h i r d F l o o r . T h i s h a s damaged plaster surfaces, but the s t r u c t u r e of these a r e a s , the b r i c k walls a n d tile floor assemblies, has not been damaged. T h e floor assembly i s a tile a r c h s y s t e m t h a t consists of special " s h o e " shapes t h a t f i t a r o u n d the bottom flange of the floor beams. This prov i d e s s u p p o r t for the s p r i n g point of the flat a r c h . T h e remainder of the s p a n c o n s i s t s of wedge shaped v o u s s o i r s and a k e y s t o n e . Not only does t h i s system provide s u p p o r t for the floor b u t i t also fireproofs the beams. A c i n d e r f i l l was placed on the t i l e s , then a concrete topping w i t h a wood floor nailed to wood sleepers set into the concrete. Room #308A on T h i r d F l o o r . water damage on floor a n d c e i l i n g . Note A coat of p l a s t e r was applied to the u n d e r s i d e of the tiles to form a c e i l i n g . 61 �INVESTIGATIVE TASKS: A s p a r t of the t e s t i n g recommended i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t , sections of the floor were c u t to e n s u r e t h a t c r a c k s a n d b u c k l i n g i n the wood subfloor do not c a r r y t h r o u g h to the tile a r c h . The r e s u l t s , d e s c r i b e d i n the S t r u c t u r a l S e c t i o n , Item S 3 - 1 , show t h a t the a r c h s y s t e m h a s not been damaged. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The assumption that a developer would demolish all nons t r u c t u r a l p a r t i t i o n walls i n the office floors evolved as d e s c r i b e d in a p r e v i o u s section on R e s t o r a t i o n . Also assumed was t h a t a new s u s p e n d e d ceiling would be p r o v i d e d . Therefore, some of the damage to p l a s t e r walls i s in a r e a s w h e r e demolition might be likely a n d need not be repaired. E x t e r i o r w a l l s should be i n s u l a t e d w i t h a rigid insulation then gypsum wallboard could be applied to f i n i s h the interior space. S t a i r #2 at Second Floor C e i l i n g p l a s t e r s h o u l d be r e p l a c e d , w h e r e i t h a s fallen due to w a t e r damage or w h e r e i t has been removed, i n order to provide a two-hour fire r a t i n g . J o i n t s between tiles s h o u l d be grouted. E v e n w h e r e i t h a s not b u c k l e d due to m o i s t u r e , the wooden floor i s i n poor condition. Removal is recommended a n d a new 1 i n c h concrete topping poured. Stairs EXISTING CONDITIONS: Stairs #1, #2, #3, #4, a n d #5 form the main vertical circulation system in the building. S t a i r s #6, #7, #8, #9, #10, # 1 1 , #12, #13, a n d #14 connect only c e r t a i n floors a n d do not form F o u r t h F l o o r - t o - g r a d e means of e g r e s s . 62 View of S t a i r #3 on T h i r d Floor �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural S t a i r #1A a n d #3A a r e new s t a i r s t h a t are proposed to p r o v i d e e g r e s s from a r e a s of the b u i l d i n g not adequately s e r v e d b y today's s t a n d a r d s . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of S t a i r s #1 t h r o u g h #5 i s i d e n t i c a l : only the w i d t h v a r i e s . E a c h h a s steel s t r i n g e r s a n d r i s e r s a n d marble t r e a d s . The guardrails h a v e steel b a l u s t e r s a n d oak h a n d r a i l s . E x c e p t for one b r o k e n t r e a d i n S t a i r # 1 , t h e r e i s little damage. The Investigative Report lists where the o r i g i n a l g u a r d or h a n d r a i l h a s been r e p l a c e d i n S t a i r s #1 a n d #3. S t a i r s #1 t h r o u g h #5 h a v e e x i s t i n g conditions d e s c r i b e d i n the I n v e s t i g a t i v e R e p o r t a n d w o r k r e q u i r e d b y code in the Code Compliance s u b s e c t i o n . S T A I R #6: C o n n e c t i n g the E a s t Wing Mezzanine w i t h the F i r s t Floor S e r v i c e Area (132) a n d c o n t i n u i n g to the Basement, t h i s s t a i r could be i n c l u d e d as p a r t of the S t a i r #3 e g r e s s r e q u i r e ments to p r o v i d e a c c e s s to grade t h r o u g h the Basement. F o r estimating purposes, i t has been i n c l u d e d as demolished. T h e connection between the E a s t Mezzanine a n d the F i r s t Floor for e g r e s s p u r p o s e s w i l l be p a r t of Stair #3 (see Code Compliance, M e z z a n i n e ) , as w i l l the F i r s t Floor a n d Basement connection (see Code Compliance, Egress S t a i r s , Stair #3). S T A I R #7: T h i s connects the Mail T u n n e l ( B 8 1 ) w i t h the east side of the Basement. I t has open r i s e r s a n d i s in poor condition. Replacement h a s been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate. S T A I R #8: Since t h i s s t a i r connects the N V C f a s t food K i t c h e n i n the Concourse w i t h the Basement, a n d the Kitchen has been recommended for demolition a s p a r t of the r e s t o r a t i o n of the C o n c o u r s e , the removal of t h i s s t a i r a n d replacement of the Concourse floor has been i n c l u d e d i n the estimate. S T A I R #9: T h i s s t a i r connects the N V C offices located i n the former T i c k e t Office a r e a i n the West Wing w i t h the Basement. T h i s could r e m a i n , w i t h a two-hour p a r t i t i o n , depending on the program for t h i s a r e a . S T A I R #10: Located near the west wall of the West H a l l , t h i s s t a i r leads to the West Wing Mezzanine, p a r t of w h i c h i s c u r r e n t l y a Mechanical Room. T h e estimate has been based on r e h a b i l i t a t i n g t h i s s t a i r a n d p r o v i d i n g the two-hour s h a f t r e q u i r e d , b u t specific programmatic requirements might make it unnecessary. S T A I R #11: This circular stair connects the B a l c o n y Walkway w i t h 200 and 318, a n d would r e m a i n . STAIR #12: This circular stair is similar to S t a i r # 1 1 , connecting 126B and the B a l c o n y Walkway, a n d would remain. S T A I R #13: A c i r c u l a r s t a i r p r o v i d e s access to the N V C projection booth above the T h e a t e r s i n 127 a n d 128. T h i s should be demolished, along w i t h the l i f t i n the adjacent closet, as p a r t of the r e s t o r a t i o n of t h i s s p a c e . S T A I R #14: T h i s s t a i r connects the east side of the West Wing Mezzanine w i t h the Second Floor. I t does not 63 �qualify as a means of e g r e s s because i t does not h a v e a f i r e s e p a r a t i o n c o n nection to g r a d e , t h e r e f o r e , i t should be demolished. E l e v a t o r #4, due to be r e u s a b l e only i f i n the Concourse specific development CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : I n g e n e r a l , the s t a i r s r e q u i r e c l e a n i n g , minor r e p a i r s , a n d f i r e - r a t e d enclosures. T h e s e e x t r a costs a r e identified i n the estimate. Elevators o o o o T h e r e a r e four elevators w i t h i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g w h i c h are d e s c r i b e d below. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e a r e two elevators north of the Concourse, outside the scope of the s u r v e y , t h a t connect the L o n g - H a u l T r a c k s w i t h the p a s s e n g e r c o r r i d o r from the R e p l a c e ment S t a t i o n . E l e v a t o r s a n d escalators in the Metro a r e a a n d to the P a r k i n g Garage are also outside the scope of the s u r v e y . ELEVATOR #1: o o E l e v a t o r s # 1 , #2 and #3 w i l l be r e q u i r e d for a c c e s s to the u p p e r f l o o r s . I n the estimate, the cost of replacement of each w i t h a new c a b , w h i c h w i l l meet a l l handicap requirements, and new machinery h a s been i n c l u d e d i n the Basic Building. F u r t h e r , at p r e s e n t #1 a n d #2, w h i c h are t r a c t i o n - t y p e s , do not s e r v i c e the F o u r t h F l o o r , w h e r e the machine rooms a r e located. S e r v i c e to the F o u r t h Floor could be p r o v i d e d b y i n s t a l l i n g new h y d r a u l i c elevators r a t h e r t h a n new t r a c t i o n - t y p e s . H y d r a u l i c elevators do not r e q u i r e a n o v e r h e a d penthouse and, therefore, would go one floor h i g h e r , although t h e r e would be e x t r a costs for d r i l l i n g the c a s i n g for the piston at the Basement L e v e l and for r e f r a m i n g the s h a f t at the F o u r t h Floor. 64 i t s location, would a Mezzanine level is required by a design. L o c a t i o n : West Wing Function: Passenger Status: Operative Stops/Travel: First, Mezzanine, Second, T h i r d Machine Room: Over shaft, F o u r t h Floor Data: E l e c t r i c Geared T r a c t i o n Otis E l e v a t o r Company Sales No. 120774 C a p a c i t y : 2500 l b s . Speed: 350 FPM Cab S i z e : 6 ' - 4 " wide by 5*-0" deep Hoistway (clear): 7'-7" wide by 6 ' - 6 - l / 2 " deep by 41 -10-l/2" rise Power R e q u i r e d : 220V, 3 P h a s e , 60 C y c l e C o n t r o l : Collective Automatic Date of Installation: 7/11/45 Source of D a t a : F i e l d s u r v e y a n d M r . Walt H a n n e r , S e r v i c e Manager, Otis E l e v a t o r Company 465 School S t r e e t , SW Washington, D . C . Maintenance: Consolidated E l e v a t o r Co., Inc. 278 C a r r o l l S t r e e t , NW Washington, D . C . , o o �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural E L E V A T O R #2: o o o o o o o o L o c a t i o n : E a s t Wing, South Side Function: Passenger S t a t u s : Intermittently Operative Stops/Travel: First, Second, Third Machine Room: Over shaft, F o u r t h Floor D a t a : E l e c t r i c Geared T r a c t i o n Otis E l e v a t o r Company Sales No. 120024 C a p a c i t y : 2500 l b s . Speed: 150 FPM Cab S i z e : 5 ' - 9 " wide by 4 ' - 8 " deep ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y ) Hoistway ( c l e a r ) : 7 ' - l - l / 2 " wide by 6 ' - 6 - l / 2 " deep b y 43'-3-l/4" rise Power R e q u i r e d : 220V, 3 P h a s e , 60 C y c l e C o n t r o l : UMV Collective Date of Installation: 7/14/41 Source of D a t a : F i e l d s u r v e y a n d Mr. Walt H a n n e r Maintenance: Consolidated E l e v a t o r Co., Inc. o o E L E V A T O R #4: o o o o o o E L E V A T O R #3: o o o o o o L o c a t i o n : E a s t Wing, North Side Function: Freight S t a t u s : Inoperative Stops/Travel: Basement, First, Mezzanine, Second, T h i r d , F o u r t h Machine Room: Side of s h a f t i n Basement D a t a : Oil h y d r a u l i c Montgomery Dependable Elevator Co. Job No. C-18693 C a p a c i t y : 3000 l b s . Speed: 150 FPM Cab S i z e : 7 ' - 6 " wide b y 5 ' - 5 " deep Hoistway ( c l e a r ) : 1 2 ' - 4 - l / 4 " wide b y 5*-9" deep b y 9 U - 0 " h i g h Power Required: Not available C o n t r o l : Not available Date of I n s t a l l a t i o n : Not available Source of D a t a : F i e l d s u r v e y and Mr. K e n C h r i s t i a n , S e r v i c e Manager Montgomery E l e v a t o r C o . 5501 Wilkins C o u r t , R o c k v i l l e , MD Maintenance C o n t r a c t : Consolidated E l e v a t o r C o . , I n c . o o L o c a t i o n : North wall of Concourse F u n c t i o n : Passenger S t a t u s : Inoperative Stops/Travel: First, Mezzanine (Bridge Level) Machine Room: Side of shaft i n Basement D a t a : Oil h y d r a u l i c U . S . E l e v a t o r Company Job No. L-12220 C a p a c i t y , Speed, Cab Size a n d Hoistway: Not a v a i l able from file number Power Required (from motor nameplate): 25 H P , 200/400V, 60 Cycle, 3 P h a s e , 72/36 Amps C o n t r o l a n d Date of I n s t a l lation: Not available from file number Source of D a t a : F i e l d s u r v e y and Mr. J i m M c K i n l e y , S e r v i c e Manager U . S . E l e v a t o r Company (records on t h i s elevator not available) Maintenance: No evidence of a maintenance contract in the Machine Room. 65 �66 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Definitions I n o r d e r to c l a r i f y what k i n d of w o r k is being described, the following definitions were developed. These agree w i t h the u n d e r s t a n d i n g of the s u r v e y team as to c u r r e n t usage i n the t r a d e ; although these definitions a r e f a r more specific as to shades of meaning t h a n those l i s t e d i n Webster's Collegiate D i c t i o n a r y . BASIC BUILDING: ( T h e developer's s h e l l ) R e f e r s to Union Station a f t e r the repairs, restoration of historic f i n i s h e s , and renovations d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s Section have been completed, b u t before a specific development program is i n s t i t u t e d . T h i s would include o o o o o repair and rehabilitation to damaged e x i s t i n g conditions Renovation to, or addition of, u t i l i t i e s to the b u i l d i n g so t h a t basic s e r v i c e s are b r o u g h t to each tenant's space but not d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h a t space A n y w o r k r e q u i r e d to b r i n g the b u i l d i n g into compliance w i t h Code A n y w o r k to the e x t e r i o r , or to further the enclosure or the w a t e r t i g h t n e s s of the enclosure Any structural work H I S T O R I C B U I L D I N G : T h i s r e f e r s to the extent of the building that Burnham designed and does not include newer s t r u c t u r e s s u c h as the P a r k i n g G a r a g e , Replacement S t a t i o n , or a n y new l i n k n o r t h of the b u i l d i n g . POCHE: A n a r e a of a b u i l d i n g , often s o l i d , w h i c h separates two spaces. T h i s u s u a l l y r e f e r s to t h i c k masonry p i e r s and w a l l s . P r i o r to the i n v e n t i o n of s t e e l , poche was created b y the need to have t h i c k masonry b e a r i n g walls. A r c h i t e c t s t r a d i t i o n a l l y enjoyed s c u l p t i n g t h i s mass w i t h n i c h e s and alcoves. I n Union S t a t i o n , the poche is intended to give the appearance of m a s s , b u t i s often hollow. Space 119A is w i t h i n the poche t h a t i s s c u l p t e d to give the Main Hall concave c o r n e r s . REHABILITATE: To b r i n g back to up-to-date w o r k i n g order by r e p a i r to damaged parts a n d replacement of missing, or obsolete, parts and systems. R E N O V A T I O N : A n y w o r k that changes an undamaged e x i s t i n g condition and does not have the appearance of the original Burnham design. REPAIR: Eliminating damage to, or r e t u r n i n g to w o r k i n g order of, a p a r t of the b u i l d i n g t h a t a l r e a d y e x i s t s . A r c h i t e c t u r a l f i n i s h e s a r e considered to be e x i s t i n g when they are e x p o s e d . R E S T O R A T I O N : T h e r e c r e a t i o n of the appearance of Daniel B u r n h a m ' s design either b y u s i n g original materials and t e c h n i q u e s , or b y u s i n g contemporary materials a n d techniques to achieve the same appearance as the o r i g i n a l . P.A.V.E.: A n N V C s u n k e n theater i n the Main Hall - the " P r i m a r y Audio Visual Experience". 67 �68 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Tables ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Skylights SKYLIGHT Location Code on Plan SURVEY Opening Size ( T o Outside of C u r b ) 1 15'-4" x 15'-4" 2 15'-4" x 15'-4" 3 15'-4" x 15'-4" 4 15*-4" x 1 5 ' - 4 " 5 15'-4" x 15'-4" 6 15'-4" x 15'-4" 7 15'-4'* x 1 5 ' - 4 " 8 15'-4" x 15'-4" 9 1 5 ' - 4 " x 15*-4" 10 15'-4" x 15'-4" 11 15'-4" x 15'-4" 12 15'-4" x 15'-4" 13 15'-4" x 15'-4" 14 15*-4" x 1 5 ' - 4 " 15 15'-4" x 15'-4" 16 15'-4" x 15'-4" 17 15'-4" x 15'-4" 18 14*-0" x 9 ' - 1 0 " 19 14'-0" x 9'-10" 20 14'-0" x 9'-10" 21 14'-0" x 9'-10" 22 14'-0" x 9'-10" 69 �Location Code on Plan Opening Size ( T o Outside of C u r b ) 23 8'-8" x 7'-3" 24 6»-9" x 1 2 ' - 1 0 " 25 3'-9" x 13 -0" 26 13'-0" x 6'-9" 27 13*-0" x 6'-9" 28 13'-0" x 6*-9" 29 13'-0" x 6'-9" 30 13'-0" x 6'-9" 31 12*-10" x 32 21"-0" x 9 3 ' - 9 " 33 21'-0" x 93'-9" 34 2 1 ' - 0 " x 93>-9" 35 6'-6" x 12'-8" 36 6 -6" x 12'-8" 37 6'-6" x 12'-8" 38 6 ' - 6 " x 12*-8" 39 6'-6" x 12'-8" 40 6 - 6 " x 12'-8' 41 6'-6" x 12'-8" 42 5'-6*' x 1 2 ' - 8 " 43 6'-10" x 10'-3" ! 6'-9" f f �ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Skylights Location Code on Plan Opening Size ( T o Outside of C u r b . 44 1 8 ' - 8 " x 14*-3" 45 12'-8" x 6'-6" 46 12'-8" x 6'-6" 47 15'-0" x 26'-0" 48 15'-0" x 26'-0" 49 12'-6" x 16'-0" 50 12'-6" x 16'-0" 51 12'-6" x 16'-0" 52 5*-10" x 8*-10" 53 5'-10" x 1 2 ' - 3 " 54 5'-10" x 6 ' - 7 " 55 5'-10" x 8 ' - 2 " 71 �72 ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Transoms & Clerestories T R A N S O M S AND C L E R E S T O R I E S Location 1 2 3 4 5 Window Size Height x Width ( 1 ) 4* x 2' ( 1 ) 4' x 5* ( 1 ) 4' x 2' ( 3 ) 4' x 6' ( 3 ) 4' x 6' ( 3 ) 4' x 6' ( 1 ) 4' x 2' ( 1 ) 4 x 5' ( 1 ) 4' x 2' 5*-3" x 9 ' - 0 " 5*-3" x 9 ' - 0 " 5'-3 x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9*-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4'-2" x 9'-0" 4 ' - 2 " x 9»-0" 4*-2" x 9 ' - 0 " 3 ' - 1 0 " x lO'-O" 3*-10" x lO'-O" 3 ' - 1 0 " x lO'-O" 3 ' - 1 0 " x lO'-O" 3 ' - 1 0 " x lO'-O" f 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 M M (2) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" 42" x x x x x x x x x x x x x 46" 46" Vent 46" 46" 46" 46" Vent 46" 46" Vent 46" 46" 46" 46" 46" 73 �Location 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 74 Window Size Height x Width 1 4 ' - 4 " x 27' w i t h 29" x 2 7 " Panes 2 1 ' x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 1 ' x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 1 ' x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 1 ' x 27* w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 1 ' x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 6 ' - 6 " x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 6 ' - 6 " x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 2 6 ' - 6 " x 27' w i t h 28" x 2 5 " Panes 93' x 178' w i t h 4 0 " x 4 0 " Panes ���ENGINEERING SURVEY Architectural Drawings ������������������ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Structural INTRODUCTION BASEMENT Item S B - 1 Item S B - 2 Item S B - 3 Item S B - 4 Item S B - 5 Item SB-6 F I R S T FLOOR Item S l - 1 Item S l - 2 Item S l - 3 Item S l - 4 Item S l - 5 Item S l - 6 Item S l - 7 SECOND FLOOR Item S2-1 T H I R D FLOOR Item S3-1 Item S3-2 F O U R T H FLOOR Item S4-1 Item S4-2 Item S4-3 ROOF Item S R - 1 Items S R - 2 and S R - 3 Item SR-4 Item S R - 5 Item SR-6 G E N E R A L DISCUSSION Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel L i v e Load Capacities T r a i n - I n d u c e d Vibration DRAWINGS Basement Framing S B - 3 West Shore Removal SB-4 East Shore Removal SB-4 P . A . V . E . Framing S I - 1 Connections to Be Redone SI-4 Key Plan/Corbel Detail S4-2 Roof Plan S R - 1 Stone Roof Sections S R - 1 T y p i c a l Flat Roof Framing for Perimeter of All Capstone Roofs and Gymnasium Roof SR-1 Basement F i r s t Floor Second Floor T h i r d Floor Fourth Floor Roof T E S T REPORTS Samples of Structural Steel T e s t E . L . Conwell & Co. Report on Fireproofing Material T e s t E . L . Conwell & Co. Inspection of Structural Steel Members Report E . L . Conwell & Co. Geotechnical Study Woodward-Clyde Consultants ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Introduction The charge within this section of the survey is to determine what actions are necessary or desirable to preserve the long-term structural integrity of the Historic Building of Union Station. Over the y e a r s , the building has fallen into a state of disrepair which affects structural elements. Many of the structural problems are a direct result of poor maintenance which has allowed moisture to come in contact with the structural members, causing r u s t i n g . The most serious problems were found in the framing supporting the stone capped roofs at the south half of the Historic Building. These areas are discussed in more detail under the appropriate items (See S R - 1 , S R - 2 , S R - 3 , S R - 6 ) . This type of deterioration should be halted immediately by making the building waterproof and repairing all leaking pipes. This repair has the highest degree of urgency if future use, and structural integrity, of this building is to be considered. The findings of this report are based solely on existing conditions. The extent and rate of continued deterioration cannot be anticipated if present waterproofing conditions are not corrected; however, it can be most definitely expected that the rate of deterioration will increase and, as pointed out in the discussion of specific items, render certain areas unsafe within a relatively short period. Repairs to these areas are presented in light of their condition at the time of this s u r v e y . METHODOLOGY: A team of structural engineers initially went throughout the building and, by visual inspection, pinpointed structural items found to be in an irregular condition. This initial inspection was supplemented by a review of existing documents which were at that time not conclusive or complete. The pertinent findings of this initial investigation are included in the Investigative Report which is Appendix A to this Engineering S u r v e y . In that report, each item is described as visually inspected, and the extent and amount of further investigation required is identified so as to completely define the problem and arrive at a method of repair. The further investigation has now been completed; therefore, this text is a complete description of each item of concern. This description includes the following information about each item, if appropriate: o o o o o Identifier, "Location" description, "General Description", "Physical S u r v e y " , "Conclusion and Recommendations" necessary to fulfill initial charge of the s u r v e y . Photographs are dispersed throughout the text in appropriate locations to illustrate the item being discussed. Immediately after the end of the written text are sketches showing repair from which cost estimates are based if applicable. For reference, each item of concern is located on the pertinent floor plan. These plans are located all together at the end of the Structural Section. The method of coding the structural items relates directly to The Special Study for the FRA Task Force on Union Station by DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons. The Code breaks down as follows: The f i r s t digit stands for structrual, 75 �the second is the floor number, third is the sequential numbering of the items on that floor. Following the presentation of specific items there is a general discussion about Union Station which includes the following topics: o o o procedure for cleaning rusted steel, floor live load capacities, vibration due to traffic on LongHaul T r a i n T r a c k s . The "Physical S u r v e y " process was an extensive investigation requiring, in many cases, demolition to uncover the structural elements, construction of scaffolding to have adequate work platforms, and qualified experts to review the situation. The reports by the Testing Company and the Soils Consultant are at the end of the Structural Section. Photograph 1 S B - 1 Rusted Steel Beam Photograph 2 S B - 1 Rusted Steel Column 76 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Basement Item S B - 1 LOCATION: Structural System porting Long-Haul Train T r a c k s Sup- GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Existing construction of concrete encased steel framing beams and partially encased columns displays deterioration. In several locations, the existing concrete cover is cracked and/or has spalled off and the steel is rusted where it has become exposed (photographs 1 S B - 1 and 2 S B - 1 ) . At the east end of this area, additional columns have been installed and certain members have been reinforced (photographs 3 S B - 1 and 4 S B - 1 ) . Photograph 3 S B - 1 Added Columns Among Existing Columns The existing concrete walls do not exhibit signs of distress or deterioration. The north wall originally accommodated a total of five lifts for handling baggage from the track level. Two of these lift locations are occupied by passenger elevators for the handicapped. The other three locations are closed with wood shoring and/or filled with debris. There are several locations where the existing construction has been cut for conduit and other penetrations which have not been made watertight. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Due to uncertainty of the location of related railroad equipment lines within the slab construction, no openings through the slab from above were made. The top flange of beams was exposed from below and the slab construction was observed through an existing penetration. Photograph 4 SB-1 Added Column Supporting Beam Existing Where steel is presently exposed and rusted, field measurements were taken by the Testing Company to determine the amount of solid material left. 77 �Additionally, concrete encasement at one of the beams at the most northwest lift was removed to examine the web and top flange condition. I n both cases the bottom flange of the beams was noted to be scaled and pitted. Where concrete encasement was removed, the steel was still painted on the web and showed a minor amount of pitting. The top flange at this location was found to be of full section. Using information on the original framing drawings by D . H . Burnham and piece detail sheets by the American Bridge C o . , an analysis was performed on selected members supporting the Long-Haul Train T r a c k s . The result of the analysis is that the maximum train live load is an E50 loading with a 10% impact factor. (See Structural Calculations in Appendix B . ) At one column, where the partial concrete encasement was cracked and not sound, the cover was removed and the steel was noted to have a minor amount of pitting. See Testing Company report. There were seven columns added to this subbasement area along the east side below the east wall girders and below the girders supporting the east track. Some of these girders have had plates added to them on the bottom flange. These columns are W 12 x 58. According to verbal accounts by Washington Terminal Company employees, this work was performed approximately six years ago after a derailed engine had been removed by a large crane on the tracks directly above. At that time, the elements which were later reinforced were noted to have considerable deflections. I n two locations test pits were dug adjacent to these added columns 78 Photograph 5 S B - 1 Test Pit Backfilled �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural (photograph 5) to determine their foundation and determine the allowable bearing capacity for the soil supporting them. See report by Soils Consultant. It was noted at Test Pit T P - 2 , that the soil below the adjacent slab on grade has settled, and a void extended south of the pit. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The following items are of low priority. At the abandoned lift pits along the north wall, all debris and/or wood shoring should be removed. The three open lift pits should be closed by cutting down the lift walls to an elevation which would accommodate 8" precast hollow core plank spanning in the short direction which is to be waterproofed and have a 4" concrete protection slab cast on top and level with existing slab. The topping slab should be reinforced with welded wire fabric. At existing penetrations through the existing slab, it should be determined which pipes and conduits are active and to remain. All abandoned lines should be removed. At penetrations through the slab construction, the sleeves and openings should be sealed to prevent water penetration. The framing of the Long-Haul track level should have all unnecessary hangers removed. The exposed rusted steel should be cleaned and concrete encasement replaced using epoxy bonding concrete. The areas where the concrete encasement is cracked should be removed as required and replaced with epoxy bonding concrete. The steel columns in this area should be made ready for fireproofing of the proper hourly rating as indicated in the Architectural Section. Fireproofing work on completely uncovered steel is considered a high priority. The area which was reinforced due to the train derailment shows no sign of distress. Item SB-2 LOCATION: Wall Opening at East End of Mail Handling Tunnel GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : The unreinforced concrete gravity retaining wall which is approximately 5 f t . thick at mid-height has an opening cut into it for a ramp to the east Basement area. This wall displays a crack from the top of the wall to the top of the opening over about the center of the opening (photograph l - S B - 2 ) . The crack line is a pour joint in the concrete wall. A smooth faced joint is observed on the underside of the top of the opening (photograph 2 - S B - 2 ) . A building column is supported on top of the wall above the north end of the cut through the wall. There are no cracks or other indicators of structural distress. Clearance at the top of the opening is inadequate for mail-carrying t r u c k s , which had limited the tunnel's use. However, the United States Postal Service has recently discontinued use of the tunnel; therefore, the clearance condition mentioned above needs no further consideration. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : The wall has been analyzed for all the loads that it is subjected to. The critical load is from the column supported on top of 79 �the wall. The analysis indicates that the strength of the wall is adequate to support the anticipated loads. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The crack line in about the center of the wall is not an indicator of structural distress. I t is solely due to the method of construction. Even with this plane of weakness, all observations and analyses indicate that the wall is adequate to support the expected design loads. The suggested repair work is to patch the crack with epoxy grout so that it is no longer visible. This work is of the lowest priority. Item SB-3 LOCATION: Wood framing above ramp to Subbasement Level Photograph 1 SB-2 Retaining Wall With Opening Cut For Ramp GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Existing ramp and walls are of concrete construction. The walls and slab do not show any signs of distress. A portion of the area above the ramp is framed at the Basement floor level with wood joist and decking (photograph l - S B - 3 ) . The decking has gaps between the planks. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : To insure safe future use compatible with what now exists in the Basement area in the vicinity of wood framing above the ramp, the framing should be replaced by a steel framing system with metal deck and concrete slab. This area of the Basement is typically used for automobile parking which requires a 75 psf live load design value. 80 Photograph 2 SB-2 Pour Joint I n Retaining Opening Cut For Ramp Wall With �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Once the new framing is complete, the area can be loaded consistently throughout. All observations indicate that the other existing construction is adequate to support the anticipated loads. The removal of the wood framing and the installation of the new framing is in the lowest priority work category; however, no automobile parking can be allowed on the wood framing. A preliminary framing plan with design information which was used for estimating purposes follows the text of the structural section. Photograph 1 SB-3 Wood Framing Above Sub-Basement Level Ramp To Item SB-4 LOCATION: North Wall of Concourse at Basement Level and Structural Esplanade Slab, West of Long-Haul Train T r a c k s GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : Excessive amounts of water are penetrating into the Basement space in this area. The existing concrete Basement wall has no unusual cracks; however, there are several areas of water penetration. This wall is approximately twelve feet (12'-0") north of the exterior Concourse wall that is above grade. Therefore, the exterior concrete slab, Esplanade, above the area between the Basement wall and exterior Concourse wall is protecting an interior space of the Basement. This slab is in poor condition. Rust on some of the steel beams supporting the Esplanade is visible where encasement is not present. This item is discussed in the Soils Consultant report. 81 �Along the north face of the Basement wall there is an abandoned utility tunnel about 6 f t . deep and 4 f t . wide constructed of concrete. The top of this tunnel is at ground surface. There are a number of pipe penetrations through the Basement wall into this tunnel. This tunnel is collecting water. In this same area there are two other items of structural concern. First, along the Basement wall there are sizeable steel beams perpendicular to the wall which were noted in the Investigative Report to be of questionable function and which do not appear on the acquired drawings. They extend from the Basement wall to the steel directly below the exterior Concourse wall (photograph l - S B - 4 ) . Second, where the Pedestrian Bridge from the Parking Structure meets the north face of the Concourse, there are shores in the Basement marked "DO NOT REMOVE" (photographs 2-SB-4 and 3 - S B - 4 ) . Construction in this area was reviewed with structural engineers from Sverdrup & Parcel who were involved with the recent construction. They claim modifications had been made for which they could not account. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : A section of the Esplanade was removed to examine the condition of the slab and steel supporting the slab (photograph 4 - S B - 4 ) . The slab is of two layers with the f i r s t being a paving slab on top of a structural slab. The paving slab has deteriorated severely while the s t r u c tural slab has remained sound. The steel supporting the Esplanade has 82 Photograph 1 SB-4 • Beams that Support Exterior Columns Photograph 2 West Shores SB-4 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural been pitted by r u s t , but the rust is local and in most areas the prime coat of paint on the steel still remains. The beams which were noted in the Investigative Report to be of questionable function have been determined to have been supports for " H " shape columns with their centerline located just to the north of the Basement wall. The column sections, which were at the F i r s t Floor Level and north of the north wall of the Concourse at the F i r s t Floor Level, had been removed at an earlier date. Photograph 3 SB-4 Incomplete Connection at West Shores Photograph 4 SB-4 Opening Cut in Esplanade Slab The shoring in the Basement marked "DO NOT REMOVE" supports the existing steel floor framing in the vicinity where two new columns, W 14 x 257, were installed and connections made between the existing steel beams and the new columns. These columns support the Pedestrian Bridge from the Parking Garage to the Concourse. Once this installation was completed, these shores were to be removed. The connections, except for one, have been made, but their integrity is questionable. This conclusion is also affirmed by the independent Testing Company report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The water is penetrating into the Basement space due to an inadequate waterproofing system incorporated into the original design of the Esplanade slab. Water is also entering the basement by f i r s t collecting in the utility tunnel and then passing into the Basement through old pipe penetrations or cracks in the wall. 83 �The beams which were noted to be of questionable function are no longer loaded, since the columns they supported have been removed, and since they do not interfere with the functional use of the Basement space, they should remain as they are. The shores in the Basement marked "DO NOT REMOVE" are still necessary, but they were designed to be only temporary. A permanent solution of sound construction should be built and then the shoring removed. The repair of the Esplanade slab and utility tunnel has an urgent ranking of priority since the repair is necessary to prevent further deterioration of the structural steel. The paving slab should be completely removed and a waterproofing membrane built on top of the structural slab. Once this is done, a new paving slab should be constructed with adequate slope to carry the water away from an area with interior space below. Unless there is a new construction in the Esplanade area that will protect this area from weather, the utility tunnel should be removed and all joints, cracks, and sleeves in the Basement wall sealed so as to stop water penetration. Also, the wall should be dampproof ed. To be able to remove the temporary shoring marked "DO NOT REMOVE" which is a high priority, all the connections of the existing steel beams to the new columns must be removed and reconstructed. This is to be done at both locations of temporary shoring. I n addition, at the west shore location some additional work is required and described on the drawings which follow the text of the Structural Section. 84 Item SB-5 LOCATION: West Hall Basement Walls Below GENERAL DESCRIPTION: These nonbearing partitions of concrete block or terra cotta tile have severe horizontal cracks. The adjacent s t r u c tural framing shows no cracking and/or signs of distress. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : These nonbearing partitions are not founded on the same stable bearing level of the main building support elements. I t was noted that in other parts of the Basement where sections of the slab had been removed, voids exist below the slab on grade. See Item S B - 6 . This condition attributes to the cracking of the nonbearing partitions. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Work on these nonbearing partitions may be regarded as a low priority. I f nonbearing partitions in the Basement area are to be removed, the slab on grade should be examined upon removal of the partition and repaired as required. This work should be coordinated with that described under item S B - 6 . Where new masonry partitions are required, it is recommended that the existing slab and two feet of earth be removed. An approved granular material is to be compacted in eight inch layers to the underside of the slab. If the present nonbearing partitions are not to be torn down, they may be repaired cosmetically with the understanding that further cracking will take place. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural First Floor Item SB-6 LOCATION: Basement Slab Throughout Building (not located on plan) GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : The slab on grade at various locations is cracked extensively. Also, at different locations it has been partially removed. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I t was observed at several locations throughout the Basement and Subbasement levels that voids under the slab on grade exist. The extent of this phenomena is not known at this time and the majority of the area shows no signs of distress. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Work for these slab on grade conditions may be regarded as a low priority. Where slabs have been removed, provide a crushed stone base on a compacted subbase and a new slab on grade of 5" thickness, which is to be reinforced with welded wire fabric. Where existing slabs are severely cracked, remove the slab and provide new slab as described above. Where areas are developed for heavy loads and the possibility of slab settlement and/or cracking needs to be avoided, the existing slab area should be tested for possible voids and either grouted or removed and replaced with new slab construction as described previously. Item S l - 1 LOCATION: The Construction in the Main Hall Designated as P . A . V . E . by National Visitor Center Documents GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : A portion of the original First Floor framing has been removed to create a large opening in the floor for the P . A . V . E . (photograph 1-S1-1). New framing which supports ramps and stairs from the F i r s t Floor level to the Basement has been added to support this structure. The bottom of this pit is at a lower elevation than the original slab on grade at the Basement Level. The new steel is protected with spray-on f i r e proofing material. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Future usage of the First Floor space as originally designed would necessitate that this level be covered with a new concrete slab supported by metal deck and steel framing. The existing column foundations may be used to support this construction since the proposed design loads are not greater than the original design loads. A similar situation exists where the new steel framing members would be supported on existing framing at the edges of the pit. The points of support correspond to previous support points and the load is less than the original design loads. Existing spray fireproofing has been checked for possible asbestos content and found to contain mineral wool with no asbestos present. See report from Testing Company describing Lab No. A-4435. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There are no indicators which point to problems with the integrity of 85 �the structure as it stands. However, future usage of the space could necessitate that a continuous F i r s t Floor framing system be constructed where the pit i s , at the same elevation as the adjacent slab so that floor finishes will match from existing to new floor. For estimating purposes, it is assumed that the original floor appearance of the Main Hall would be restored. The installation of the new slab and support framing is in the lowest priority work category. The preliminary framing plan with its design information, which was used for estimating purposes, follows the text of the Structural Section. Item S l - 2 LOCATION: of Main Hall Underside of F i r s t Floor GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : Throughout this area there are numerous locations where clay tile has been removed from around the steel beam flanges to hang equipment. At these points, the flanges have rusted. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Fire rating for beams and columns as required for possible future designs by code authorities has been determined. See architectural section for hourly ratings. Steel floor framing beams were found to have pitting of the flange at hanger locations. Existing steel and/or cast iron columns throughout the Basement are partially encased in concrete. The upper portions are exposed steel and/or cast iron. 86 Photograph 1 S l - 1 P.A.V.E. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This work comes under high priority classification. Unnecessary hangers on beams should be identified and eliminated. All columns should be fireproofed to comply with required hourly rating if this corresponds with future development occupancy designs. Some of the steel flanges displayed rust and were pitted at hangers. These surfaces should be cleaned by the "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel" in the General Discussion of this section. and prepared for repair of the fireproofing to maintain required rating. Item S l - 3 LOCATION: Underside of F i r s t Floor of Concourse GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : Throughout this area there are numerous locations where clay tile has been removed from around the steel beam flanges to hang equipment. At these points, flanges have rusted. In the extensive area which had been reframed after the 1952 train crash, the original construction has been replaced by 1 " Perlite plaster-encased steel beams with a concrete slab on metal deck. At various points, some of this plaster encasement has been removed for equipment hangers. Existing steel and/or cast iron columns throughout the Basement are partially encased in concrete. The upper portions are exposed steel and/or cast iron. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Fire rating for beams and columns as required for possible future designs by code authorities has been determined. See architectural section for hourly ratings. Fireproofing should be repaired. Steel floor framing beams were found to have pitting of flange at hanger locations. The area reframed after the 1952 train crash has been reviewed and found to be of comparable capacity to the s u r rounding original framing. Replacement slab construction was found to be 4-1/2" reinforced concrete slab on 1-1/2" Q-Deck No. 3, 14 gauge with a 1 " cement topping. This existing slab construction data and fireproofing type was taken from Drawing No. 24261, File No. 10-128-1, dated 2/25/53 by the Office of Engineer of Bridges & Buildings, The Baltimore and Ohio System. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This work should come under high priority classification. Unnecessary hangers on beams should be identified and eliminated. All columns should be fireproofed to comply with required hourly rating if this corresponds with future development occupancy designs. Some of the steel flanges displayed rust and were pitted at hangers. These surfaces should be cleaned by the "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel" in the General Discussion and prepared for repair of the fireproofing to maintain required rating. 87 �Item S l - 4 LOCATION: East Wall of Concourse E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: I n the upper portion of the glass wall two pieces of glass are cracked. Some of the fascia stone is dislodged and the joint between the window frame and the stone has not been properly closed. There exists a 1-1/2" gap, by approximate measure. At the southeast end, new vertical steel framing has been added to support a truss system which in turn supports the exterior wall. New block work has been added at this location to enclose the steel. There are no signs of distress; however, the function of certain framing elements was not initially apparent, as noted in the Investigative S u r v e y . The lower glass wall is partially supported by the original steel framing of the Concourse F i r s t Floor. These original girders also support the partially completed Esplanade. All the framing is exposed to the weather here since there are no Basement walls at this location. Large amounts of steel are unprotected since f i r e proofing is incomplete. Some temporary shoring in the Basement is still in place where the Concourse F i r s t Floor framing beams have been reconnected to a new girder at the north end of this wall. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : The broken glass in the upper portion of the glass wall is a local condition and has nothing to do with the integrity of the structural system. 88 As mentioned above, the function of certain framing elements was not initially apparent, at the southeast support for the truss system which supports the exterior wall. At this location there are three vertical wide flange elements that appear to function as columns. However, one element does not appear to have a proper support at the base, raising the question of function. Through further study, it has been determined that this is a hanger element and it is supported from above. The adequacy of the steel framing of the Concourse F i r s t Floor which is just below this east wall was investigated in depth. The original main built-up girders have been analyzed to determine that they have the ability to support the load from the new framing which supports the Esplanade. There is some normal rusting on these members, but not of the magnitude to have a detrimental effect on the capacity of the member. A number of the new connections between F i r s t Floor framing members that were made when the Esplanade was built have an appearance which raises questions about their integrity. Some of the clip angles used in the connection are not snug tight to both members being connected. Also, excessive amounts of slag have been left on the welds. At the north end of this area, there is temporary shoring supporting the Concourse F i r s t Floor which should be removed when repair construction has been completed. This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The breaking of the glass in the upper portion of the wall does not indicate distress in any of the structural elements. The dislodged fascia stone and the excessive gap between the window frame and the stone are items of concern handled under the Architectural section of this report since they have no bearing on structural aspects of the building. They are solely isolated building construction details that need correction. The function of certain framing elements at the southeast support for the truss system which support the wall has been determined and all elements have been constructed in a regular manner; therefore, there is no need for further consideration. The steel framing of the Concourse F i r s t Floor which is just below this east wall is adequate except for connections which must be reconstructed. The installation of two new panes of glass in the wall to replace the cracked ones is in the lowest priority work category. The new panes should be installed with adequate clearance for normal movement of the structure. The steel framing connections just below the east wall should be reconstructed. The degree of priority for this repair is urgent since their ability to support the anticipated design loads is questionable. A sketch indicating which connections are to be reconstructed follows the text of the s t r u c tural section. Once this work has been completed, the existing shoring may be removed. Item S l - 5 LOCATION: Entrance from Presidential Suite to Concourse GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : At the east side of the entry there are cracks in the terra cotta and glazed bricks and openings in joints where mortar has fallen out. Over the exhaust fan, the wall has bowed outward. The ornamental column on the east side of entry exhibits some spalling and minor chipping. Over the entry, the glazed tile has cracks in i t . Inside the vestibule of the Presidential Suite there is peeled paint and cracking in the plaster. These are due to aging and are not related to glazed brick cracks already mentioned. Below this area in the Basement are nonbearing walls of concrete block or terra cotta tile which are severely cracked (photographs 1 and 2 ) . PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : This entry is supported on steel framing of the Main Floor and on columns which penetrate through the Basement. There is no evidence of distress in this framing as observed from below in the Basement. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Cracks in the masonry work on the First Floor are not structural and should be repaired for the purpose of restoring the wall finish to the original. See the related Architectural Section for comments and priority classification. The cracks in the walls below in the Basement are nonbearing walls and are to be treated the same as those of Item SB-5. 89 �Item S I - 6 LOCATION: West End Wall of Concourse GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : At both the Basement and F i r s t Floor level there are no signs of structural distress. Cracks in the north pier at the F i r s t Floor level are only in the drywall finish and they do not occur in the block walls behind. From the exterior, it is possible to note that a small fascia stone has been dislodged at the northern intersection of the curved edge outlining the top of the upper glass window wall and the bottom edge of this same glass system. Above the Concourse into the truss space, light is penetrating through joints between the new and old stone fascia and along joint line between window frame and stone fascia. Photograph 1 SI-5 Crack in Nonbearing Masonry Wall CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The dislodged fascia stone, the joint condition between the old stone fascia and the new fascia, and the joint between the window frame and stone are items of concern handled under the Architectural section of this report since they have no bearing on the structural aspects of the building. These are just isolated building construction details that need correction. The cracks in the drywall are purely of cosmetic repair nature. Item S l - 7 LOCATION: Intersection of the Pedestrian Bridge from the Parking Garage to the Concourse. The Pedestrian Bridge, itself, is outside the scope of this report. E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: The connection of the two main support beams of 90 Photograph 2 Sl-5 Cracked Nonbearing Masonry Walls �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural the Pedestrian Concourse is connection. Bridge with the a moment-type PHYSICAL SURVEY: The moment connection is at the south end of the spandrel beams which support the Bridge, while the connection at the north end of these beams is a slidebearing pad connection. Not to have the two main structures tied together rigidly by a link is appropriate engineering practice. The lower half of the connection at the south end of the Bridge, where it interfaces with the Historic Building, was exposed for visual inspection. Fabrication of the connection demonstrated acceptable workmanship in the welding, bolted connections, and tolerance of fit in general. I n the vicinity of this connection, there were no signs of structural distress. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The connection concept of the Pedestrian Bridge previously described is in line with normal engineering practice for this type of connecting element. At the point of investigation, no visible signs of distress were noted. The overall construction of the Bridge does not exhibit at present the potential of causing a structural distress to the Historic Building. Reasonable amounts of differential settlement should not effect the integrity of the structures involved. The soundness of the framing system of the Bridge structure itself is a subject to be investigated by Sverdrup & Parcel, Engineers, and further comment with regard the Pedestrian Bridge can be found in their report "Union Station Bus/Parking Garage and Southeast Ramp" prepared for the District of Columbia Department of Transportation, May 10, 1982. Second Floor Item S2-1 LOCATION: Floor of East Vault Room at Second Floor GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : There is an extensive crack in the floor running east-west. This crack runs to the wall, but does not continue in the wall. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n the vicinity of the crack, the concrete topping and cinder concrete fill were removed to see if the crack is also in the structural tile arch construction. I t appears that the crack is not in the tile arch construction. Apparently this crack was caused by shrinkage and opened wider with time since no movement of framing elements was observed. Similar cracks occur in other parts of the floor in this room. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: These cracks should be raked clean and patched with cement grout. This work is regarded as low priority. 91 �Third Floor Item S3-1 LOCATION: East Floor Office Areas and West Third GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : These floors have had water penetrating through them which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction (photographs 1-S3-1, 2-S3-1 and 3-S3-1). PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n an area where water penetration has occurred, a section of concrete topping and cinder concrete fill was removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. The steel was found to be in satisfactory condition (photographs 4-S3-1). CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This item has a low priority. Finish items that have deteriorated should be repaired as per related architectural sections. Note that in some areas the concrete topping will require removal and the cinder concrete should be dried, then a new 1 " lightweight structural concrete topping slab should be added as required. Photograph 1 S3-1 Water Damage in Offices Item S3-2 LOCATION: Floor of East Vault Room at T h i r d Floor GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : There is an extensive crack in the floor running east-west. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n the vicinity of the crack, the concrete topping and cinder concrete fill were removed to see if the crack is also in the structural tile arch construction. I t appears that the crack is not also in the tile arch construction. Apparently, this crack was caused by shrinkage and opened wider with time since no movement of framing elements was observed. 92 Photograph 2 S3-1 Water Damage in Offices �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This crack should be raked clean and patched with cement grout. This work is regarded as low priority. Photograph 3 S3-1 Water Damage in Offices NOTE: Photographs 1 , 2, 3 and 4 are at different locations. Photograph 4 S3-1 Top Flange of T h i r d Floor Steel Beam 93 �Fourth Floor Item S4-1 LOCATION: East Floor Office Areas and West Fourth GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : These floors have had water penetrating through them which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction. See representative photographs listed with Item S 3 - 1 . PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n an area where water penetration has occurred, a section of concrete topping and cinder concrete fill was removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. The steel was found to be in satisfactory condition. See representative photographs listed with Item S 3 - 1 . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This work is regarded as low priority. Finish items that have deteriorated should be repaired as discussed in the Architectural Sections. Note that in some areas the concrete topping will require removal and the cinder concrete should be dried, then a new 1 " lightweight structural concrete topping slab added as required. Item S4-2 LOCATION: Area Between Ceiling and Roof in Main Hall GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : The truss supporting the ceiling and roof is visible from this location, and shows no sign of distress. A secondary truss frames into the east wall above the north doorway into this space. The bottom of the support corbel for the truss has fallen off (photograph 1 ) . 94 The plaster arches below this area on the north side of the Main Hall are discolored and have deteriorated. The serious water leaks which caused this damage should have been corrected since the roof over this area has been repaired. The hangers supporting the arches have not rusted. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : A visual inspection of the top chord of the truss and roof purlins was made to check for corrosion. The steel framing was found to be in good condition. Field measurements were taken at the damaged corbel and compared to original structural documents. Also noted at the west end is a connection where fit-up bolts exist and the final connection was never completed. The deteriorated plaster arches were visually examined and no deterioration of the support hangers noted. Plaster repair is discussed in the Architectural Section of the Survey Report. This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The corbel should be repaired as per the sketch which follows. This work is in an urgent priority category. The fit up bolts should be removed and proper size A325X high tensile bolts should be placed in connection holes to complete unfinished connection. Coordinate location with key plan sketch which follows. This work shall be done as a high priority item. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Item S4-3 LOCATION: Floor of East Tank Room GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : There is an extensive crack in the floor running east-west. Photograph 1 S4-2 Deteriorated Corbel PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n the vicinity of the crack, the concrete topping and cinder concrete fill were removed to see if the crack is also in the structural tile arch construction. The crack continues through the cinder concrete f i l l , but not the tile a r c h . Also, pieces of wood were found wedged within the various layers of construction. These wood elements are in various states of decay and crumble in hand. Apparently, the crack was caused by shrinkage and opened wider with time. The decaying wood may also contribute to opening this crack by allowing the slab to move as the wood decomposes, allowing some settlement where the wood had been placed between the slab. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This crack should be raked clean and patched with cement grout. This work is regarded as low priority. 95 �Roof Item S R - 1 LOCATION: Gymnasium and Storage Room in West End of the Historic Building GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : The existing Gymnasium roof is supported on wallbearing steel trusses (photograph 1 - S R - l and plan that follows photog r a p h s ) . This framing has only minor amounts of r u s t . The corner piers of the gymnasium have cracked below the bearing points of the steel trusses and need to be repaired (photographs 2- S R - l through 5 - S R - l ) . Along the north, east and west sides of the main Gymnasium roof there are short span, flat roof areas bordering Gymnaium roof trusses where there are considerable amounts of rust on the bottom flanges of these short span elements (photograph 6 - S R - l ) . Photograph 1 SR-1 Trusses Supporting Gymnasium Roof The roof drains in this area all leak profusely onto the Gymnasium floor then into the vaulted area below, eventually staining the exterior at the Carriage Porch extensively (photograph 7- S R - l ) . The Storage Room, which is directly south of the Gymnasium area and at the same level, is roofed with capstone slabs supported by brick filler walls bearing on steel beams and built-up girders. This steel framing exhibits extensive corrosion particularly of the southernmost girders (photographs 8- S R - l through 1 4 - S R - l ) . Rivets at certain points show significant loss of section in this area. The floor of the Storage Room has several small holes in the slab. At one location, below a bad roof drain, the concrete slab has disintegrated. 96 Photograph 2 SR-1 Crack in Pier - Northeast Corner �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural As a consequence, the cinder concrete fill has been attacked by water and reduced to loose cinders (photograph 1 5 - S R - l and 1 6 - S R - l ) . PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : The areas of roof framing below the capstone roof construction were reviewed extensively by the Testing Company. B y cleaning portions of the corroded steel girders using a power driven wire b r u s h , remaining solid material thicknesses were established. The rivets were also tested for tightness by striking them with a hammer. Photograph 3 S R - 1 Crack in Pier - Northwest Corner The section properties of the girder were calculated and capacities established. The present loading condition was determined and the girder found to be of marginal section in its present condition with certain modifications to rivets required. See related sketch that follows. The brick filler walls which support the capstone slabs of the roof on the steel were found to be in satisfactory condition with some minor deterioration due to water running over the surface. At the flat roof areas at the perimeter of the gymnasium and storage room, the short framing elements were found to display varying degrees of deterioration with the most extreme at the south end. These elements should be repaired as per sketch which follows the text of the Structural Section. Photograph 4 S R - 1 Crack in Pier - Southwest Corner The floor was opened and the steel framing below was found to be in good condition. The concrete slab construction, however, has deteriorated at this location to a loose material condition. The interstitial space between 97 �the vaulted construction above the Carriage Porch and below the Gymnasium floor was viewed from the east wall at a low roof level. The steel frame and the hanger system for the vault was noted to be in good condition. However, at this time, water could be heard leaking in the space from the floor above. Also, it should be noted that there was no safe method that could be developed to gain access to the west side of the interstitial space. As a consequence, the entire framing of the gymnasium floor was not investigated. This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The capstone roof joints should be repaired immediately, and this work can be regarded as an urgent priority. If this repair is not accomplished, water will continue to enter the building and attack any new work done to the structural steel to correct existing corrosion problems. Repair of the steel alone will not ultimately solve the structural problem in this area. The rate at which corrosion occurs does not proceed only at a steady rate, but increases over time. Therefore, the structural elements that were observed to be in a maximum load condition in their present corroded state can be expected to continue to deteriorate and become unsafe within a definite and limited time period, if the water entering the building is not stopped. The roof drains all around this space require immediate attention also to stop water from getting into the floor and eventually staining the building's facade. This work can be regarded as an urgent priority. 98 Photograph 5 S R - 1 Crack in Pier - Southeast Corner Photograph 6 SR-1 Underside of Flat Roof Framing �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Photograph 7 S R - 1 Staining on Exterior Facade Photograph 8 S R - 1 Rusted Girders - Overall View Photograph 9 SR-1 Rusted Girder - Web Photograph 10 SR-1 Rusted Girder - Bottom Flange 99 �Photograph 11 S R - 1 Rusted Girder - Bottom Flange Photograph 13 S R - 1 Rusted Girder - Bottom Flange Photograph 12 S R - 1 Rusted Girder - Bottom Flange Photograph 14 SR-1 Rusted Girder - End Support �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural The entire framing system below the capstone roof and the steel at the perimeter flat roof should be cleaned and painted as per the "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel", outlined in the General Discussion portion of the Structural Section which follows. The r i v e t s , where reduced in section or displaying any deterioration, should be removed and replaced using high strength bolts, according to "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel" in the General Discussion. The flat roof areas should be reinforced as per the sketch that follows. Photograph 15 Floor Opening SR-1 The piers in the corners of the gymnasium which are cracked should have the joints raked clean and pointed as required. The floor should have wood removed and concrete topping slab removed. After the cinder concrete has sufficiently dried, a new 1 " lightweight structural concrete topping slab should be placed with wire mesh reinforcement. Where cinder concrete slab is found in poor condition, it should be removed locally to the clay tile construction and replaced with lightweight concrete f i l l . Items SR-2 and SR-3 LOCATION: West Tank Room Ceiling and Roof, and East Tank Room Ceiling and Roof, respectively Photograph 16 S R - 1 Deteriorated Roof Drain GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : Some rusted steel was observed from the Tank Room floor along the south wall just below the ceiling level in both Tank Rooms. The framing of the ceilings of the Tank Rooms also showed deterioration due to rust (photograph 1-SR-2/SR-3). 101 �The roofs of the Tank Rooms are capstone slabs. The steel framing is rusted in both locations (photograph 2-SR-2/SR-3). PHYSICAL SURVEY: The Testing Company reviewed the steel framing of the capstone roof and of the ceiling of each of the Tank Rooms. The steel of the West Tank Room displays nominal rust with pitting of certain elements being the worst condition. At the East Tank Room r u s t deterioration was noted; pitting of certain elements being common and scale noted in a few locations. The brick filler walls which support the capstone slabs on the steel frame were found to be satisfactory in both locations. This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: These areas urgently need repair to the capstone roof joints. Without such repair, any correction done to the supporting steel will be subjected to intolerable attack by water and corrosion will continue and increase. The condition observed here is similar to the Gymnasium capstone roof, however, the supporting steel does not display the same degree of deterioration. It should be considered here also that the length of time the roof joints are not corrected greatly affects the extent and rate at which further deterioration will propogate in these areas, resulting in questionable future structural integrity. All the steel framing of these areas should be cleaned and painted as per the "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel" 102 Photograph 1 SR-2 AND SR-3 Tank Room - Ceiling Framing Photograph 2 SR-2 AND SR-3 Tank Room - Roof Framing �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural outlined in the General Discussion portion of the Structural Section and repair to perimeter framing as per sketch shown in item S R - 1 as required. This work is regarded as high priority. Item SR-4 LOCATION: North Wall at Concourse GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : From the interior of the Concourse (specifically through an opening in the ceiling), no structural distress was apparent. The existing steel beam which supports the roof trusses in the north wall at the ceiling level was not observed through the opening since it is encased in brick work. Photograph 1 SR-4 Opening in Ceiling Caused by Water Leak At this location, there is a serious water leak due to a hole in the roof next to a roof drain causing damage to the ceiling. I t was also noted that the mortar joints of the brick encasement show some sign of deterioration due to this roof leak (photograph l - S R - 4 ) . The terra cotta stringcourse is cracked at several locations. This can be seen from both inside and outside along the wall (photograph 2 - S R - 4 ) . The exterior wall is covered with stucco panels which were installed as part of National Visitor Center construction. A section of wall was apparently never completed and the original brick was left uncovered. The panels have hairline cracks throughout with the most deteriorated ones being above the terra cotta stringcourse. Photograph 2 ' SR-4 Cracked T e r r a Cotta Stringcourse The steel truss system which supports the ceiling and roof shows no sign of distress. 103 �The framing for the monitor at the crown of the Concourse roof at the east and west ends has been modified, and the roof at this location is supported by wood framing where the monitor had been modified and shortened. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : At the center of the Concourse, along the north wall, there exist two locations above the Pedestrian Bridge to the garage where the existing steel girder supporting the roof trusses is exposed. The steel is in good condition and all elements of the connection between truss and girder were found to be sound. At one location at the east end, and at one location at the west end, an opening was made in the drywall soffit above the window wall construction to review the condition of the steel framing hung from the main girders along the north wall. This steel was found in satisfactory condition with a nominal amount of r u s t . Photograph 1 SR-5 Roof Steel Exposed to Check for Rust The roof truss system was reviewed for overall condition and found to be sound with some paint deterioration and a minimal amount of r u s t i n g . This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. CONCLUCIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The repair of the opening in the roof along the north wall is a matter of high priority. This opening permits a large amount of water to enter the building, and therefore, not only presents a serious threat to the existing steel, but also threatens the ceiling construction of the Concourse. The Federal Railroad Administration has requested a proposal for a 104 Photograph 2 SR-5 Roof Steel Exposed to Check for Rust �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural temporary repair of this roof opening. Permanent repair of this item is included in the Contract Documents and will be achieved as part of the National Park Service's planned Phase II Roof Repairs. Photograph 3 SR-5 Roof Steel Exposed to Check for Rust NOTE: Photographs 1 , 2 and 3 are at different locations. The steel at the window wall construction should be cleaned and painted as per "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel" outlined in the General Discussion portion to the Structural Section. I n performing this work consideration should be given to the existing decorative terra cotta supported by this steel. Some of this material may require removal to enable cleaning and painting and then either put back and/or replaced by new pieces as required where the terra cotta is damaged. For further discussion on exterior covering of north wall, see the A r c h i tectural Section. Item SR-5 LOCATION: East and West Flat Roof Area Over Office Space GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : These roof areas have had water penetrating through them which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction. This condition is typical at built-up roofs which require repair and/or renewal. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : I n four areas where water penetration has occurred, a section of concrete topping and cinder concrete fill was removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. In all the locations that were examined, the steel was found to be in satisfactory condition 105 �and not displaying signs of corrosion and/or deterioration (photographs l - S R - 5 , 2-SR-5 and 3 - S R - 5 ) . This item is discussed in the Testing Company report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: I t is of high priority that these roof areas receive the attention they need as soon as possible to prevent deterioration. This work is included in the Contract Documents for the National Park Service's planned Phase I I Roof Repairs. The underside of the roof construction should have all loose plaster removed and repaired as required. Other elements of the interior such as: dropped ceilings, lights, and floors affected by the water damage, should be repaired. See related sections for these specific items. Item SR-6 LOCATION: Corner Stone Roof Photograph 1 SR-6 Mineral Deposit on Steel Beam Southeast GENERAL D E S C R I P T I O N : This area is roofed with capstone slabs supported on steel beams and built-up girders. The capstone slabs are supported on the steel by means of brick filler walls. The steel frame of the roof also supports a hung secondary bracing frame at the Fourth Floor level. Below this bracing frame the top of the vaulted dome construction can be seen. The dome of the vaulted area does not support any of the structure. The steel frame appears to be in good condition. 106 Photograph 2 SR-6 Roof Steel Beams �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Along the bottom flanges of the girders spanning east/ west, mineral deposits were noted to be suspended from the steel (photograph 1 ) . The short pieces of steel supporting the flat roof areas at both the north and south face were noted to be pitted and displayed some scaling. The most pronounced condition is at the south flat roof area. The balance of the steel shows some minor pitting with most of the paint still soundly adhering to the steel (photographs 2 through 4 ) . Photograph 3 SR-6 Roof Steel Beams CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: All the work under this item has an urgent priority classification. This area requires repair to the capstone roof joints, similar to Items S R - 1 , SR-2 and S R - 3 . The steel frame presently has not been attacked so extensively in these other areas, but there is evidence of deterioration in its infancy. I t should be considered here also that the length of time the roof joints are not corrected greatly affects the extent and rate of which further deterioration will propagate in this area, resulting in questionable future structural integrity. The flat roof areas should be repaired as per sketch as given under Item SR-1. Photograph 4 SR-6 Roof Steel Beams Minor portions of the steel where rusting has occurred should be cleaned and painted as per "Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel", outlined in the General Discussion portion of the Structural Section. 107 �General Discussion Procedure for Cleaning Rusted Steel o Once all the connections are complete, the entire area should be given two coats of paint meeting the requirements of the Structural Steel Painting Council Manual, Section PS7.01. The minimum thickness should be 2 mil. o Finally, after repair of the steel is complete, repair any part of the existing structure that was removed for the purpose of exposing deteriorated steel. This procedure should be used throughout the building where structural steel has rusted but will remain. The following procedure for the removal of r u s t from existing framing should be applied to each affected area as required. On the rusted members mended that: it is recom- o E v e r y effort should be made to expose as much as possible of the affected area. o Where rust has advanced beyond the pitting stage and is scaling, the scale should be completely removed by the use of hand scrapers or other hand tools. o Any remaining r u s t accumulation should be removed using power wire brushes, and grinders as necessary. o The exposed area of steel should be sand blasted to a Commercial Finish and made ready for painting. o At this point, any rivets that do not have a full head or are loose should be removed and replaced with ASTM A325 bolts by the turn-of-nut method according to AISC specification. One rivet should be removed and a replacement bolt installed completely before another rivet is removed. The repair procedure is similar for repairing existing bolts. Where rivets are removed, the hole should be reamed to remove rust within so that replacing bolts may be of greater diameter than original rivet size. 108 Live Load Capacities The second additional item of importance that was addressed during the study was the determination of live load capacities for different floor areas throughout the building. These capacities were determined by performing a cursory review of existing structural drawings at selected locations on the plans which were prepared by D. H . Burnham & C o . , Architects, dated August 15, 1903. Also, note that in office areas where subdividing partitions may be used, the recorded live load capacity must be reduced to account for the potential of future subdividing partitions. Where the live load is 100 pounds per square foot or greater, this reduction may be neglected. The approximate design live loads for the different floor areas are as follows: o o o o Concourse - 150 psf East Hall - 150 psf West Hall - 100 psf Second Floor Office Space (East half of building, south side) - 75 psf �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural o o o o o Second Floor Office Space (West half of building, south side) - 75 psf T h i r d Floor Office Space (East half of building, south side) - 75 psf T h i r d Floor Office Space (West half of building, south side) - 75 psf Fourth Floor Office Space (East half of building, south side) - 75 psf Gymnasium Floor (West side of building) - 120 psf The present code live load requirements for assembly areas and office space are 100 psf and 60 psf, respectively; therefore, the live load capacity of the floors appears to be adequate for the anticipated occupancies. Review of any design schemes should be made to determine if any areas are to be loaded in excess of normal loading capacities listed. Train-Induced Vibration Also, an item of concern that affects the potential development of the building from a human comfort point of view, is the vibration transmitted throughout the building by the passing of LongHaul trains through the building at the Basement elevation. These trains, while passing through the structure, produce a vibration on the east side of the building that can definitely be felt. Over the y e a r s , this vibration has caused no problems to the s t r u c tural system. The ability of the structural elements to withstand this vibration over the extended period of time is largely due to the building being founded on deep foundations where the bearing material has been unaffected by the vibration. However, these vibrations may be objectionable to individuals working in the future office space. The shaking of a building can produce psychological effects which interfere with worker comfort and productivity. The firm of Bolt, Beranek & Newman of Cambridge, Massachusetts, experts in the specialty field of vibration and acoustic problems, have submitted a proposal to study the vibration propagation throughout the building in detail and to recommend a method of reducing or eliminating this vibration, if actually at an objectionable level. I t is the understanding of the survey team that a proposal will be made to address this issue. �110 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Drawings ���ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural West Shore Removal WEST SHORE REMOVAL PROCEDURE T. REMOVE EXISTING CONNECTIONS AT A , B . C . INSTALL ALL TYPE 2 CONN'S W/ SIDE CLIP ANGLES. WELD CONNECTIONS TO W14x257 COL. AND EXIST. BEAMS. 2. REMOVE THE l'-O SEGMENT OF THE PREVIOUSLY EXIST. COL. STILL ATTACHED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BMS. 3. INSTALL COL. F , W10x33 BY 15'-0 LONG ON NEW CAISSON, 4'-0 IN DIAMETER BY 28'-0 LONG. SHORE BEAM ABOVE UNTIL COLUMN IS IN PLACE. 4. INSTALL BEAM D, W18x35, DIRECTLY BELOW EXIST. BMS & SHIM TIGHT. CONN. TO COL. F AND W14x257. 5. REMOVE SHORES �/ �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural East Shore Removal EAST SHORE REMOVAL PROCEDURE 1. REMOVE EXISTING CONNECTIONS AT A,B,C,&D. INSTALL ALL TYPE 2 CONNECTIONS WITH SIDE CLIP ANGLES BY WELDING 2. REMOVE SHORES ����ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Keyplan/Corbel Detail ���ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Sections at Stone Roof ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Flat Roof Framing NOTES: f " t 1. E X I S T I N G S T E E L T O B E C L E A N E D AND PAINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GENERAL DISCUSSION. 2. NEW T E E W I T H E N D FE T O B E I N S T A L L E D . 3. D R Y P A C K S O L I D B E T W E E N NEW T E E A N D E X I S T I N G T E E . 4. F L A T R O O F A R E A S T O B E S H O R E D D U R I N G I N S T A L L A T I O N O F NEW T E E S AS REQ'D. COORDINATION IN T H E F I E L D . ��������ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural E.L. Conwell & C o . Test Reports ��ESTABLISHED ENGINEERS - 1894 CHEMISTS 2024 - ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA. INSPECTORS PA. 19103 (215) 563-5935 May 2 5 , 1 9 8 2 Ewing, Cole,Cherry,Parsky F e d e r a l R e s e r v e Bank B u i l d i n g 100 N. 6 t h S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . 19106 Re: Attention: Mr. J a c k Glass Union S t a t i o n W a s h i n g t o n , D. C. S t e e l Samples Gentlemen: The f o l l o w i n g i s a r e p o r t o f o u r p h y s i c a l t e s t s a n d c h e m i c a l a n a l y s i s o f t h r e e s a m p l e s o f s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l s u b m i t t e d r e c e n t l y by you from s u b j e c t p r o j e c t . Laboratory Sample No. 459671 Description Yield Strength-psi Ultimate Strength-psi E l o n g a t i o n i n 8"-7<, Large I Section Large I Section Small I Section 36,700 64,200 21.6 35,300 62,800 21.9 32,700 49,500 25.0 0.23 0.54 0.035 0.041 0.008 C a r b o n -°L Manganese-7o Phosphorous-7o Sulphur-7= Silicon-7o 0.10 0.53 0.015 0.043 0.005 0.23 0.54 0.036 0.041 0.005 T h e s e m a t e r i a l s a r e w e l d a b l e u s i n g e q u i p m e n t , c o n s u m a b l e s and procedures n o r m a l l y used to weld mild carbon s t e e l . Respectfully submitted, E . L . CONWELL & CO. W. E . C a p p e r , P.*E."'» WEC:ad6 c c : Mr. P r a d e e p Patel �S1L I L , ©©MWISIL.IL <& € © • ESTABLISHED ENGINEERS - 1894 CHEMISTS 2024 ARCH PHILADELPHIA, - INSPECTORS STREET PA. 19103 (215) 563-5935 May 21, 1932 Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky F e d e r a l Reserve Bank B u i l d i n g 100 North 6th S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA 19106 Re: Attention: Mr. J a c k Glass Union S t a t i o n Washington, D.C. Gentlemen: The f o l l o w i n g i s a report o f our t e s t s o f a sample o f f i r e proofing m a t e r i a l obtained by our r e p r e s e n t a t i v e from l o c a t i o n noted below. Laboratory No. A-Ui+35 Sample Marked: F i r e P r o o f i n g M a t e r i a l from S t e e l Over Door From P i t i n Main H a l l to Basement U/25/82 Sample appears t o be: Rockwool - No asbestos was detected. R e s p e c t f u l l y submitted, E.L. CONWELL & CO. WEC:mj6 cc : i+-Mr. Pradeep P a t e l �ESTABLISHED ENGINEERS 1894 INSPECTORS CHEMISTS 2024 ARCH PHILADELPHIA. STREET PA. 191Q3 (215) 5 6 3 - 5 9 3 5 May 20, 1982 Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky F e d e r a l Reserve Bank B u i l d i n g 100 North 6th S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA 19106 Re: Attention: Mr. J a c k Glass Union S t a t i o n Washington, D.C. Gentlemen: The f o l l o w i n g i s a report o f our i n s p e c t i o n o f the s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l members a t t h e above p r o j e c t from A p r i l 8, 1982, t o May 3, 1982. The areas o f the s t a t i o n inspected a r e r e f e r r e d i n t h i s report by the l o c a t i o n s discussed a t t h e j o b - s i t e meeting o f A p r i l 6, 1982, and by v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s from Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky's representat i v e . The S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l members i n the reported l o c a t i o n s were v i s u a l l y inspected f o r missing r i v e t s , b o l t s , improper or inadequate s p l i c i n g , flange k i n k s , web b u c k l i n g , d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f s t e e l and paint d e t e r i o r a t i o n . R i v e t s were checked f o r soundness w i t h a hammer, and s t e e l t h i c k ness was measured a f t e r s t e e l was cleaned f r e e o f r u s t and s c a l e . GYMNASIUM AND STORAGE ROOM IN WEST END OF BUILDING. SR-1 D e t e r i o r a t i o n o f s t e e l members i s mostly i n south t h i r d o f gym and storage area. The most e x t e n s i v e d e t e r i o r a t i o n i s on t h e two 36" beams north o f the south w a l l . The f o l l o w i n g items noted apply t o both 36" beams except l a s t item: 1. B r i c k s h e l f angle i s d e t e r i o r a t e d t o a t h i c k n e s s o f 3/l6" a t midspan and l / l 6 " a t west end. See photographs No. 1 , 2 & 3. 2. Flange widths a r e i r r e g u l a r and undersized due t o s t e e l d e t e r i o r a t i o n . See photograph No. k. 3. E x t e n s i v e s c a l i n g o f bottom flanges o f beams. graphs No. 5 & 6. k. R i v e t heads were hidden due t o e x t e n s i v e r u s t and s c a l e . See photographs No. 7 & 3. 5. R i v e t e d web s p l i c e a t same l o c a t i o n on both beams. See photograph No. 9- See photo- �IS. L . C O N W E L L & Co Ewing, Cole, Cherry & P a r s k y May 20, 1932 Page 2 6. D e t e r i o r a t e d s t r a p b a r s between b r i c k w a l l and s h e l f a n g l e , when cleaned b a r s measured 1/8". See photograph No. 10. 7- Web o f f i r s t beam has deep p i t t i n g and l a r g e amounts o f s c a l e . See photograph No. 1 1 . Due t o e x t e n s i v e s c a l i n g and p i t t i n g o f these two beams a l l r i v e t s were power brushed c l e a n and then f o r c e a b l y s t r u c k w i t h a hammer attempting t o remove t h e r i v e t head. A l l r i v e t s rung were s o l i d and no r i v e t heads broke o r loosened up during hammer t e s t i n g . A l l r i v e t s a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y reduced i n head s i z e due t o s c a l i n g and deep p i t t i n g o f heads. No r i v e t s were found m i s s i n g . See photograph No. 12. T h i c k n e s s measurements were made on t h e two 3o" beams a f t e r r u s t and s c a l e was removed w i t h a power b r u s h , measurements were made on b r i g h t metal. See enclosed sketches f o r t h i c k n e s s measurements. See photograph No. 1 3 . _ The t h i r d beam n o r t h o f t h e south w a l l had l i t t l e or no r u s t , r i v e t s checked were s o l i d and p a i n t shows normal d e t e r i o r a t i o n due to age. See photographs No. lit & 15. The framing members n o r t h o f t h e f i r s t t h r e e beams a r e r o l l e d s e c t i o n s t h a t h e a r on a t i l e w a l l s e p a r a t i n g t h e gym and storage a r e a s . Some r u s t i n g has occured i n storage room and can be e a s i l y removed w i t h power w i r e brush. Some o f t h e connections a t t h e b r i c k e n t r y p o i n t s have r u s t y b o l t s and l o o s e n u t s . The width and t h i c k n e s s o f t h e bottom f l a n g e s reduce s i g n i f i c a n t l y a t b e a r i n g p o i n t s on t h e b r i c k w a l l . See photographs No. l 6 , 17 & l 8 . The p e r i m e t e r s t e e l framing along west w a l l a r e r o l l e d s e c t i o n s . They have some r u s t i n g which can be removed by hand w i t h a w i r e brush. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . P a i n t shows normal d e t e r i o r a t i o n due t o age. See photograph No. 19. TANK ROOM CEILING AND ROOF OVER TANK ROOM SR-2 Tank Room C e i l i n g SR-2 The south w a l l o f t h e tank has a 3 1/2" by 15" channel along t h e p e r i m e t e r and a f o u r foot deep beam supporting brickwork. The n o r t h w a l l has a s i m i l a r f o u r foot deep beam supporting brickwork. Due t o b r i c k and t i l e encasement, most areas o f t h e beams were i n a c c e s s i b l e f o r i n s p e c t i o n . Some r u s t i n g o f t h e beam i s present which i s removable by hand w i t h a w i r e brush. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . See photographs No. 20 & 2 1 . �H. 3L. ©©JSWiBax & Co. Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky May 20, 1982 Page 3 The channel along t h e south w a l l had an average flange t h i c k n e s s of 19/32". The four foot deep beams have a minimum flange t h i c k n e s s v a r y i n g from 19/32" t o l l / l 6 " . These measurements a r e approximate because o f t h e i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y of t h e beams. Roof Over Tank Room SR-2 The s t e e l framing members a r e 15" deep r o l l e d s e c t i o n s . P a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n i s s i g n i f i c a n t along w i t h some r u s t i n g which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n a r e a . No connections were a c c e s s i b l e f o r i n s p e c t i o n . See photograph No. 22. S t e e l framing c o n s t r u c t i o n i s s i m i l a r t o tank room c e i l i n g SR-2. P a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n i s normal and some r u s t i n g which can be removed by a w i r e brush. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n a r e a . The average t h i c k ness o f t h e channel along t h e south w a l l i s 5/8". The four foot deep beams were not a c c e s s i b l e f o r measurement. ROOF OVER TANK ROOM SR-3 S t e e l framing c o n s t r u c t i o n i s s i m i l a r t o SR-2 tank room roof. P a i n t i s e n t i r e l y d e t e r i o r a t e d and r u s t and s c a l e i s very t h i c k . Rust and s c a l e was removed w i t h a power brush and measurements of the beams were taken on b r i g h t metal a t t h e request o f Ewing, Cole, Cherry, Parsky's r e p r e s e n t a t i v e on t h e Uth and 5th beams south o f t h e north w a l l . See photographs No. 23 & 2k. Thickness Flange O r i e n t a t i o n Measurements Location Flan;ie P o s i t i o n kth beam south o f north w a l l at mid span of beam top bottom top bottom south south north north 11/16" 23/32" 5/8" 11/16" 5th beam south o f north w a l l 5' east o f west w a l l top bottom top bottom south south north north 5/8" 5/8" 19/32"* 19/32"* * P i t t i n g o f f l a n g e i s g r e a t e r than l / l 6 " . The width and t h i c k n e s s o f t h e bottom f l a n g e s reduce s i g n i f i c a n t l y at b e a r i n g e n t r y p o i n t s along t h e b r i c k w a l l . The second beam south o f the n o r t h w a l l has a r e d u c t i o n i n t h i c k n e s s o f l l / l 6 " t o 19/32" a t t h e e n t r y p o i n t . No connections were a c c e s s i b l e f o r i n s p e c t i o n . See photograph No. 25. �E v i n g , Cole, Cherry & Parsky May 20, 1982 Page k EAST AND WEST FOURTH FLOOR OFFICE SPACES AND ROOF S R - 5 , Sk-1 The roof and f o u r t h f l o o r were opened a t s e v e r a l l o c a t i o n s from the top s u r f a c e t o i n s p e c t t h e top f l a n g e and p a r t o f the web and no p a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n or r u s t observed. SOUTH EAST CORNER OF BUILDING SR6 (Roof Over E a s t C a r r i a g e Entrance) The beams i n t h i s a r e a have normal p a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n due t o age w i t h some r u s t and s c a l e which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . R i v e t s were t e s t e d and found t o be s o l i d w i t h no r e d u c t i o n i n r i v e t head s i z e . The only notable c o n d i t i o n found i n t h i s a r e a were bar s t r a p s between the south w a l l and f i r s t adjacent beam. These b a r s t r a p s have heavy s c a l e , which when removed w i t h a power brush l e a v e s s o l i d m a t e r i a l approximately 1/8" i n t h i c k n e s s . See photographs No. 26 & 27. AREA BETWEEN CEILING AND ROOF OF MAIN HALL Sh-2 The s t e e l members i n t h i s area have some r u s t i n g which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . P a i n t damage i n t h i s a r e a i s caused by water and pigeon excrement. See photographs No. 28, 29 & 30. R i v e t s were t e s t e d and found t o be s o l i d w i t h no r e d u c t i o n i n r i v e t head s i z e . Columns appeared t o have no notable p h y s i c a l damage, however, the most w e s t e r l y column under t h e roof t r u s s has loose b o l t s and open h o l e s . A roof brace connecting a roof p u r l i n t o a column midway between 2nd and 3rd t r u s s e s has a kinked f l a n g e . See photograph No. 32. The most notable c o n d i t i o n i n t h i s a r e a a r e t h e h o r i z o n t a l s h e l f angles (supporting t h e t i l e roof d i r e c t l y above t h e b r i c k w o r k ) which connects t o a l a r g e roof p u r l i n ( r o l l e d s e c t i o n ) has open r i v e t / b o l t holes or r i v e t s / b o l t s r u s t e d out a t most connections along t h a t l i n e . See photograph No. 3 1 . MONITOR ROOM ABOVE CONCOURSE SR-k The s t e e l roof t r u s s e s and other framing members i n t h i s a r e a have some p a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n and r u s t which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . See photographs No. 33, 3^ & 35. �Li C O N W E L L & €©» Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky May 20, 1932 Page 5 R i v e t s were t e s t e d and found t o he s o l i d w i t h no reduction i n r i v e t head s i z e . ROOF FRAMING STEEL OVER HALL OF STATES The s t e e l members have minimal r u s t i n g o f s t e e l members which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . See photographs No. 36, 37, 38 & 29. R i v e t s were t e s t e d and found t o have had no notable p h y s i c a l damage except some r i v e t s have r i v e t heads which a r e under s i z e d . SUB-BASEMENT UNDER THRU TRACK FRAMING A l l t h e s t e e l members i n t h i s area have some p a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n which can be removed by w i r e brushing. No s i g n i f i c a n t reduction i n s e c t i o n . See photograph No. kO. DECK FRAMING UNDER THRU-TRACK FRAMING UNDER SUB-BASEMENT At t h e d i r e c t i o n of Ewing, Cole, Cherry & Parsky's r e p r e s e n t a t i v e a beam was inspected a t t h e j u n c t i o n of a water l e a k . The beam inspected was t h e f i r s t beam south o f t h e H. P. Steam L i n e a t t h e j u n c t u r e o f t h e f i r s t beam east o f t h e north-south l i n e east o f parking space 59• The bottom flange i s s c a l e d and has some p i t t i n g , the flange t h i c k n e s s measured was l l / l 6 " a t t h e worst area. See photograph No. kl. Due t o a water l e a k at a p a r t i a l l y f i l l e d concrete column ( p a r k i n g space 6 k ) , t h e concrete was removed on t h e south s i d e o f t h e column t o measure flange t h i c k n e s s and inspect t h e extent o f water damage. The flange was found t o have a nominal t h i c k n e s s of 11/16" and some p i t t i n g of t h e flange and web was noted. See photograph No. k2. COLUMNS WITH SHORES IN BASEMENT SB-4 T h i s area has welded beam s e a t s . These welds a r e very poor i n v i s u a l appearance and appear under s i z e d f o r p l a t e t h i c k n e s s e s p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e t r a n s v e r s e welds. Some o f t h e s e a t s a r e not f u l l y welded to t h e columns. The most w e s t e r l y support beam i n t h i s area has l o c a t e d approximately two f e e t west o f t h e column. ance i s poor and most l i k e l y t h e weld i s not a f u l l across t h e web and f l a n g e s . See photographs No. k3 a web/flange s p l i c e T h i s weld by appearp e n e t r a t i o n weld & kk. �E . L. C O N W E L L & Co, Ewing, C o l e , Cherry & P a r s k y May 2 0 , 1982 Page 6 On t h e same column, t h e beam continues over t h e column without any v i s i b l e connection s e c u r i n g t h e beam t o t h e top o f t h e column. EAST WALL-MAIN FLOOR BEAMS AT LINE UNDER CONCOURSE Columns and Beams Supporting E a s t W a l l o f Concourse The columns and beams i n t h i s a r e a have normal p a i n t d e t e r i o r a t i o n due t o age w i t h some r u s t which can be removed by w i r e b r u s h i n g . No s i g n i f i c a n t r e d u c t i o n i n s e c t i o n . R i v e t s were t e s t e d and found t o be s o l i d w i t h no r e d u c t i o n i n r i v e t head s i z e . Some beams i n t h i s a r e a have h o l e s d r i l l e d and beam c l i p s welded i n the beam webs t o r e c e i v e e a s t - w e s t framing members. One beam has beam c l i p s welded over h o l e s d r i l l e d i n beam web. A north-south beam ( B - 6 , r o l l e d beam) i s f i l l e t welded along t h e bottom f l a n g e s o f t h e beam where i t bears on t h e column b e a r i n g p l a t e , t h i s i s t h e only v i s i b l e connection s e c u r i n g t h e beam t o t h e column. See photographs No. 4 5 , 46 & 4 7 . A column approximately midspan on t h e north-south l i n e which supports t h e ( e a s t concourse w a l l ) t w i n built-up-beams has a long sharp k i n k i n the southeast column f l a n g e . See photograph No. 1+8. EAST-WEST FRAMING MEMBERS UNDER CONCOURSE At t h e e a s t e l e v a t i o n s some beams have c l i p angles mounted on one s i d e of t h e beam o n l y , t h e s e c l i p s do not bear s q u a r e l y w i t h t h e beam or column webs. These beam c l i p s have gaps a s l a r g e as 1 / 8 " or more between beam and c l i p . Some c l i p s have d r i l l e d h o l e s i n c l i p , but c l i p s a r e not bolted' t o column, nor a r e t h e h o l e s f i l l e d w i t h weld. See photographs No. 4 9 , 50 & 5 1 . Some beams a t west e l e v a t i o n s have web f o r k connections a t a p p r o x i mately 25/5 or l e s s o f web depth. The r e - e n t r a n t c u t s on t h e connections have s h a r p , ragged, t o r c h e d c u t s i n webs a t e a s t e l e v a t i o n . See s k e t c h . See photograph No. 5 2 . are The numbered photographs showing c o n d i t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s r e p o r t c o n t a i n e d i n t h e appendix. Respectfully WEC:mj6 Enclosures cc: Mr. Pradeep P a t e l submitted, �BEAM SECTIONS OF GYM AREA 2ND BEAM NORTH OF SOUTH WALL 1ST BEAM NORTH OF SOUTH WALL 6" x 6" C L I P ANGLE (3/4" T H I C K ) R I V E T E D TO WEBS TO FORM BEAM 3RD BEAM NORTH OF SOUTH WALL ROLLED SECTIONS I N T E R M E D I A T E FRAMING IN GYM AREA �?HTnKNLSr^A^URMETS. �GYM A R E A 2 N D B F A M NORTH OF SOUTH WALL THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS �BEAM SECTIONS FROM TANK ROOM S R - 2 , SR-3 E A S T - W E S T FRAMING MEMBERS UNDER CONCOURSE - �SR-1 Photograph 1 B r i c k Shelf Angle Deterioration Photograph 3 B r i c k Shelf Angle Deterioration Angle Missing at Web Splice Photograph 2 B r i c k Shelf Angle Deterioration Photograph 4 I r r e g u l a r Flange Widths �SR-1 Photograph 5 E x t e n s i v e Scale on Beam Flanges Photograph 6 E x t e n s i v e Scale on Beam Flanges Photograph 7 Masked R i v e t s Photograph 8 Masked R i v e t s �SR-1 Photograph 9 Parallel Web Splices Photograph 10 Strap Bar Deterioration Photograph 11 Web Scale and Pitting Photograph 12 Rivet Head Reduction �SR-1 Photograph 13 Scale T h i c k n e s s e s Photograph 14 T h i r d Beam North of South Wall Photograph 15 T h i r d Beam North of South Wall Web Stiffener Photograph 16 B r i c k E n t r y Point Point Reduction Loose B o l t s �SR-1 I Photograph 17 B r i c k E n t r y - Loose Bolts Photograph 19 Perimeter West Wall Framing if Photograph 18 B r i c k E n t r y Point Poor Connection �SR 2 Photograph 21 Typical B r i c k Encased Beams Both Tank Rooms Each End Photograph 20 15" Channel Along South Wall Typical both Tank Rooms Photograph 22 Typical Roof Beam SR-2 Over Tank Room �SR-3 Photograph 23 F i f t h Beam North of South Wall Photograph 25 Second Beam North of South Wall Along West Wall Photograph 24 F o u r t h Beam North of South Wall �ROOF OVER E. CARRIAGE ENTRANCE S 4 - 2 Photograph 26 T y p i c a l Beam Condition Photograph 27 Poor Condition of B a r S t r a p s �MAIN HALL S 4 - 2 Photograph 28 Typical Good Condition Photograph 29 Pigeon, Water Damage Photograph 30 Pigeon, Water Damage Photograph 31 Horizontal Shelf Angle Missing Bolts, therefore, Angle Longer Connected to Roof Beam No �MAIN HALL S 4 - 2 Photograph 32 K i n k e d Flange Roof B r a c e �CONCOURSE S R - 4 Photograph 33 T y p i c a l Connection Roof Frame Photograph 35 T y p i c a l Connection C e i l i n g Photograph 34 Mushroomed R i v e t s a n d S q u a r e Nuts �HALL OF STATES Photograph 36 Roof Center Framing Photograph 38 Typical Side Connections Open Holes Photograph 37 Typical Side Connection Loost Bolts Not Typical Photograph 39 Misshaped/Undersized Rivet Not Typical �SUB BASEMENT UNDER TRACK FRAMING Photograph 40 Sub-basement U n d e r T r a c k F r a m i n g DECK UNDER SUB BASEMENT UNDER THRU TRACK FRAMING Photograph 41 P a r k i n g A r e a Opposite #59 Photograph 42 Column F l a n g e P a r k i n g A r e a #64 �COLUMNS WITH SHORES S B - 4 Photograph 43 U n l i k e l y Welded Splice Photograph 44 Web B r e a k O v e r Column �EAST WALL MAIN FLOOR BEAMS Photograph 45 Open Holes i n Beam Photograph 46 Beam B 6 Looking West Photograph 47 Photograph 48 K i n k e d Column Flange Beam B 6 Looking E a s t �EAST-WEST FRAMING UNDER CONCOURSE Photograph 49 Torched Edges Reentrant Cuts Photograph 51 Torched Reentrant Cuts West E n d of Beam T y p i c a l with Ragged Photograph 50 Torched Reentrant Cuts West E n d of Beam Note: Connection for Columns Photograph 52 T y p i c a l F o r k Connection of Beam at West E n d �ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural Woodward-Clyde T e s t Report ��GEOTECHNICAL STUDY UNION STATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. Prepared For: Ewing, Cole, Cherry, Parsky Federal Reserve Bank Building 100 North 6th Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Prepared By: Woodward-Clyde Consultants 1300 Piccard Drive Rockville, Maryland 20850 May 2*, 19S2 82C1243 - 82-05B-1 �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GEOTECHNICAL CONCERNS Construction 1905 Scope of Study 1 1 2 SITE GEOLOGY AND SITE CONDITIONS 3 BASEMENT COLUMNS - AREA SB-1 3 Foundations Groundwater 4 4 EXTERIOR WALL - Area SB-4 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Area SB-1 Area SB-4 6 6 6 LIMITATIONS 7 FIGURES Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Site Location Plan - 1794 Partial Floor Plan and Areas of Investigation Location Plan for TP-1 and TP-2 Plan and Profile of Test Pit T P - 1 Plan and Profile of Test Pit TP-2 Plan and Profile of Test Pit TP-3 Logs of 1973 Soil Borings near Test Pits TP-1 and TP-2 Logs of 1973 Soil Borings near Test Pit TP-3 Logs of 1967 Borings by Mueser, Rutledge Wentworth & Johnston for 1st Street, N.E. APPENDIX A Logs of Test Pits T P - 1 , TP-2, TP-3 �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Woodward-Clyde Consultants inspected three test pits in Union Station to ascertain as-built dimensions and existing conditions of foundations for four "new" columns in the sub-basement area S B - 1 , and to examine waterproofing along the north concourse wall, area SB-4. The two test pits adjacent to the new columns below the north-south rail tunnel show the new columns and the old columns to be founded on handexcavated pier foundations bearing on a dense sand-gravel layer at approximately E l . +14+ One test pit outside the north concourse wall indicated the absence of a free draining backfill or water proofing layer along the exterior of the north wall. Leakage observed through the north wall may be due to a leaking pipe in the nearby utility tunnel and/or rainfall temporarily seeping along and through the original north wall. Details of the test pits and our study are included in the following sections of this report. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GEOTECHNICAL CONCERNS Construction 1905 Union Station was constructed in 1905 on a former B&O Coal Yard to develop a passenger terminal near the United States Capitol. tracks were located 20 feet above street grade. At that time, As a part of construction, fill was placed to present grades and the long haul rail tunnel under Capitol Hill was extended under Union Station to eliminate at-grade crossings. Figure 1 is attached to show the present position of Union Station above a former tributary of Tiber Creek. The information available to date indicates that original grades were E l +14 to +20 and that subsequent stages of filling have produced the + current Plaza grades of E l . +58 . Union Station has a main floor at E l . +56, a basement at E l . +42, and a subbasement area at E l . +22. A depressed ramp in the sub-basement area passes in an east-west direction below the north-south long haul rail tunnel to provide -1- �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 access to the east and west portions of the former mail handling facilities in the north section of Union Station. At this time it appears that the original foundations of Union Station were placed on natural ground and that fill was placed to support slab-on-grade floors. Scope of Study The scope of this study concerns several areas which were noted as having potential structural/subsurface problems in a 1976 evaluation of the conditions at Union Station. The limit of this study is restricted to the interior of the envelope of the original structure and the actual and/or potential problems that should be addressed and/or remedied during rehabilitation of the structure for use as commercial space. The areas of concern are outlined on Figure 2 as Area SB-1 and Area SB-4. Area SB-1 concerns the foundation supports of four columns recently placed adjacent to original columns in an area below the north-south railroad tunnels. Area SB-4 concerns the entire north basement wall where steady groundwater seepage occurs through the north wall generally at E l . +44 to +48 near the electrical room. Long time employees of the Washington Terminal Company, interviewed on May 4, 1982, stated that the north wall also leaks intermittently at several other locations following heavy rains. They also stated that the new columns were placed approximately five years ago to stablize apparent settlements or deflection of the tunnel supports following the derailment of a heavy locomotive in the east railway tunnel. This inspection and evaluation was therefore directed to and concerned with: a. foundation supports and subsurface conditions below the railroad tunnel; and b. the backfill, waterproofing, and drainage conditions outside the original north basement wall. -2- �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 SITE GEOLOGY AND SITE CONDITIONS Union Station is located in the Coastal Plain physiographic province where sands, gravels, silts and clays occur above bedrock. Geologic maps identify the soils below the surface fill to be Pleistocene aged gravel, sands, silts and clays. These deposits are believed to have been placed as overbank deposits by the ancestral Potomac River and typically have both vertical and horizontal variability. Old topographic maps of Washington, D.C. show that a northeasterly trending tributary of Tiber Creek once flowed through the present location of Union Station (see Figure 1). An examination of recent borings by Foundation Test Services (1973) for previous work at Union Station, and by Mueser, Rutledge, Wentworth and Johnston (1967) for the WMATA transit system indicates that this tributary has subsequently been buried with a combination of sand and clay fills that occur to depths of 40 feet or more (see Figures 7, 8, 9). The fill apparently extends from Elevation +58 MSL at ground surface down to E l . +14 as illustrated on Figure 9 included in Appendix A. BASEMENT COLUMNS - AREA SB-1 Test pits TP-1 and TP-2 were hand excavated by Turner Construction personnel adjacent to the steel columns reportedly installed by the Steinfritz Company of Baltimore approximately five years ago. The columns were installed because settlement (?) was noted several months after a railroad crane came into the east tunnel to lift a derailed locomotive back onto the track. The pits were 3.5 feet by 7 feet in plan and extended to depths of 9 feet adjacent to the foundation piers for new columns as shown on Figures 3, 4 and 5. The piers for these "new" columns were hand-dug as evidenced by their rough and irregular face. The exposed concrete surface of TP-2 could be described as "rubble" concrete, since approximately 15 percent of the exposed aggregate consisted of red clay bricks. No bricks were seen in the concrete of TP-1 but trace amounts of coal fragments were found embedded in the concrete surface. -3- �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 The piers appear to have a 4 foot by 4 foot plan area as evidenced by the newer concrete exposed at floor grade and the observations in the test pit. The base of the pier adjacent to T P - 1 is at E l . +14 MSL, and at E l . +13.3 MSL adjacent to TP-3. As shown on Figure 7, a sequence of Pleistocene age overbank deposits of clay, sand and gravel occurs above the bearing level. In TP-1 these materials included a 0.7 foot thick layer of highly compressible peat. A 3.0 to 4.5 feet thick fill zone composed of sand and gravel lays on top of the natural Pleistocene deposits. The bases of both piers bear on a sand and gravel material (See Figure 4and 5). South and west of TP-2, a 0.2 foot thick void space was observed immediately below the floor slab. The void is of large lateral extent (a flashlight beam could pick up the wall south of the test pit 10 feet away). The presence and extent of the void indicates it is probably due to settlements of the fill or the compressible peat/clay. Foundations Ewing-Cole has estimated that the new columns could experience a load of 250 kips. This load would develop a bearing stress of 7.8 tsf over the 4 feet by 4 feet pier sections upon which the columns rest. This pressure exceeds what would be considered the normal allowable bearing pressure of the dense sands and gravels observed to occur beneath the piers. However, we feel that the development of skin friction along the sides of the piers would serve to reduce the bearing pressure at the bottom of the pier to an acceptable level. Groundwater The ground water table was generally found in test pits TP-1 and TP-2 at + elevation +13 MSL in the sand and gravel layer. This agrees with observations shown on the previous soil boring logs. �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 EXTERIOR WALL - AREA SB-fr Test pit TP-3 was excavated outside the north wall concourse area to determine the source of water leaking through the wall into the basement level and to see if any waterproofing was installed along this wall. The test pit was + excavated 17 feet deep, to E l . +40.2 MSL . The wall footing exposed in the pit was formed concrete and was stepped down to the bottom of the pit (see Figure 6). The bottom of the footing was not exposed. No waterproofing or water diversion devices were seen outside this footing, nor was any groundwater encountered in the fill. The soil encountered in TP-3 was a clayey fine sand with numerous clay balls and lenses underlying some 2.4 feet of sand, gravel and rubble fill (see Figure 6 and the log of Test Pit 3 in Appendix A). A loose mud-filled zone was found in the concrete beneath the utility duct slab in T P - 3 . The zone, if it extends to the wall, could act as a channel for water leaking from the duct. As no waterproofing or water collection and diversion devices were found on the exterior wall in TP-3, it is possible that percolating water from rainfall run-off could be a contributing source of the problem. We believe the more likely source to be the utility duct which runs east-west at the surface adjacent to the wall. Two other voids were noted in T P - 3 . One was a one inch wide space, vertically oriented, behind a ft inch thick parging layer between E l . +52 and +55. The other was a horizontal void in the concrete, filled with sand, below the opening of the utility duct. These voids and soil-filled zones are unusual and can be interpreted as the result of poor construction practices, or long-term settlements of the underlying fill generating cracks in the concrete. Soil filling may have resulted from washing of soil into the voids over a period of time. The vertical void may have resulted from parging separating from the concrete. -5- �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Area SB-1 The "new" columns bear on hand-excavated concrete piers bearing on a dense sand and gravel material. The new footings are apparently adequate to support the loads generated by normal train traffic through the long-haul tunnel because there is no noticeable evidence of settlement or cracking. When allowances are made for side friction, the supporting soils appear to be adequate to support the estimated maximum loads that could be transmitted through the columns. The extent of the void below the subbasement floor slab is not known. An exploratory program should be conducted to identify the extent the void. Based on the results of this program, an evaluation should be made of the capacity of the slab to span under the actual and proposed floor loadings. An alternative to spanning the void would be to inject cement grout to provide positive support of the floor slab. The grouting program should not be implemented until the underfloor utilities have been checked for leaks and it is certain they will not be filled by the grout. Area SB-4 Ground water leaking through the north wall apparently is a continuing problem in at least two areas. The steady seepage near the electrical room appears to be related to a leaking pipe in the utility tunnel outside the north wall which in some way is transmitting the water through cracks in the basement wall. This leakage may be occurring despite the fact that utilities in the utility tunnel have been taken out of service. When the area is rehabilitated, the exterior should be regraded, and all lines in the utility tunnel cut-off or removed in an attempt to stop the source of water. If this is not successful, the exterior of the wall should be exposed and either waterproofed, or provided with a seepage collection system such as free-draining backfill and a drainpipe at base of the wall. The intermittent seepage reported by the Washington Terminal Staff apparently occurs near the northwest corner and center of the north wall only �81C1243 - 82-05B-1 after major rains. This suggests that regrading may be a viable solution for much of the north wall. The storm sewer system that was installed as part of the recent garage construction should be checked to verify that it is functioning as designed and is not leaking into the wall backfill. Similarly, the water supply to the fire hydrants along the north wall should be checked for leaks. LIMITATIONS The work on this project has been carried out in accordance with reasonable and accepted engineering practices. No other warranty or guarantee either written or implied is applicable to this work. -7- ���������������ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Mechanical INTRODUCTION HEATING SYSTEMS H i g h P r e s s u r e Steam D i s t r i b u t i o n System Steam P r e s s u r e R e d u c i n g S t a t i o n s Low P r e s s u r e Steam a n d C o n densate R e t u r n Piping System C o n d e n s a t e Pumps Heating Terminals New H y d r o n i c H e a t i n g S y s t e m VENTILATION SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM C h i l l e d Water P l a n t A i r Handling Systems TEMPERATURE CONTROLS TABLES Steam P r e s s u r e R e d u c i n g S t a t i o n s C o n d e n s a t e R e t u r n Pumps Existing A i r Handling Units DRAWINGS Basement Mezzanine Second Floor TEST REPORTS Equipment T e s t Report J o h n Wilson, I n c . Pipe Sample E v a l u a t i o n E . L . Conwell & C o . 75 o c o o < D ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Introduction Under the Mechanical System the following s u b s y s t e m s w i l l be c o v e r e d : o o o o Heating S y s t e m Ventilating System A i r Conditioning System Temperature Controls. T h e e x i s t i n g steam heating s y s t e m i s a n t i q u a t e d , w i t h l e s s t h a n , what today would be c o n s i d e r e d , minimum c o n t r o l s . L a r g e portions of the e x i s t i n g p i p i n g are i n poor condition. With the e x c e p tion of the h i g h p r e s s u r e steam p i p i n g s y s t e m , the steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g stations a n d the r e c e n t l y replaced portions of low p r e s s u r e steam p i p i n g , the remainder of the heating s y s t e m needs replacement. determined that portions of these systems c a n be expected to remain i n service: o o o o o o o o o T h e ventilation s y s t e m i s also i n poor condition, except for the elements w h i c h were i n s t a l l e d d u r i n g the N V C construction program. The new elements may have the p o s s i b i l i t y of being i n t e g r a t e d into a f u t u r e s y s t e m . The a i r conditioning system, also installed i n the NVC construction p r o g r a m , h a s the potential for f u t u r e s e r v i c e , p r o v i d e d the utilization of the b u i l d i n g lends i t s e l f to the application of the p r e s e n t u n i t s a n d s y s t e m s . h i g h p r e s s u r e steam s e r v i c e from the Capitol H i l l Steam P l a n t steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g stations portions of the low p r e s s u r e steam a n d condensate p i p i n g main condensate r e t u r n u n i t a n d satellite condensate pumps c h i l l e d w a t e r plant (nominal 380 tons) a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s ( A H U - 1 to 9 ) for a i r conditioning a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t ( A H U - 1 0 ) for ventilation fans ( F - l through F - 1 3 ) for r e t u r n a i r a n d mechanical e x h a u s t cabinet u n i t h e a t e r s i n v e s t i b u l e s METHODOLOGY: The investigative s u r v e y consisted of collecting e x i s t i n g documents on the b u i l d i n g , comparing these to existing conditions and e v a l u a t i n g conditions of e x i s t i n g systems and equipment. T h e s u r v e y w a s followed up b y s t a r t i n g and o b s e r v i n g r o t a t i n g equipment while running. I n addition, samples of p i p i n g were t a k e n a n d i s s u e d to a t e s t i n g agency to c h e c k for i n t e r n a l corrosion a n d metallurgical c h a n g e s . T h e numerous small a i r conditioning u n i t s , w h i c h s e r v e d u p p e r floor office space a n d a r e c u r r e n t l y not operable, are not recommended for r e p a i r . E v e n if operable, t h e y would not be u s e f u l i n a f i r s t - c l a s s , efficient s y s t e m s e r v i n g an office o c c u p a n c y . Work h a s been done areas w i t h i n the l a s t a n d , on the b a s i s of ducted during this i n the following ten (10) y e a r s , inspections c o n s u r v e y , it was Ill �Heating Systems GENERAL: T h e basic heating medium in the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g i s steam, originally provided from the steam plant of the Washington Terminal Company. I n 1 9 8 1 , hew h i g h p r e s s u r e steam s e r v i c e was extended from the distribution system of the Capitol Power P l a n t to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . T h e steam p r e s s u r e i s r e d u c e d to approximately 6 to 10 p s i g b y steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g stations located i n the Basement and t h e n u s e d i n the heating s y s t e m . I n the Replacement S t a t i o n , the old steam heating s y s t e m has been replaced by an e l e c t r i c a l l y heated b o i l e r , o p e r a t i n g at off-peak h o u r s and s t o r i n g water for use l a t e r i n the d a y . COMPONENTS: T h e major of the heating s y s t e m a r e : o o O o o components H i g h p r e s s u r e steam d i s t r i b u t i o n p i p i n g a n d condensate r e t u r n . Steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g s t a t i o n s . Low p r e s s u r e steam a n d condensate r e t u r n piping system. Condensate pumps. Heating terminal equipment. High P r e s s u r e Steam D i s t r i b u t i o n System DESCRIPTION: Since 1981 h i g h p r e s s u r e steam h a s been p r o v i d e d b y the Capitol Power P l a n t . Connection to the Capitol Hill Steam S y s t e m was made u n d e r North Capitol S t r e e t at the w e s t side of the Post Office B u i l d i n g . T h e pipe r u n s t h r o u g h the basement of the Post Office, c r o s s e s over F i r s t S t r e e t in the ceiling space of the access b r i d g e at the n o r t h end of the b u i l d i n g , into the Replacement Station and t h e n t h r o u g h the v e h i c u l a r t u n n e l into the 112 H i g h P r e s s u r e Steam and Condensate E n t r y - Basement �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical basement of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . Here the p i p i n g i s conducted to s e v e r a l steam pressure reducing stations, w h e r e steam p r e s s u r e i s r e d u c e d to approximately 6 to 10 p s i g for use by the b u i l d i n g heating s y s t e m . The existing high pressure distribution p i p i n g was replaced b y new p i p i n g i n 1981, w i t h the exception of a p p r o x i mately 100 feet of piping i n the east a n d about 50 feet of piping i n the west portions of the b u i l d i n g , w h i c h remained from the e x i s t i n g s y s t e m . P R V Station - E a s t Basement T h e new h i g h p r e s s u r e steam p i p i n g , a 6" main w i t h 4 " main b r a n c h e s , i s i n excellent condition, r e a d y for extended service. T h e pipe capacity ( a p p r o x i mately 12,500 l b s . of steam per hour at 0.5 l b . p r e s s u r e drop per 100 feet of pipe at a n i n i t i a l p r e s s u r e of 60 p s i g ) would be ample for the estimated load of the f u t u r e s y s t e m s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Although the remaining sections of the p r e v i o u s h i g h p r e s s u r e steam pipe showed relatively little outside c o r r o s i o n , i t is recommended t h a t i t be replaced w i t h new Schedule 40 steel p i p e , so that the rehabilitation of the h i g h p r e s s u r e steam system would be complete and all p a r t s of t h i s system would be of the same age. Steam P r e s s u r e R e d u c i n g Stations P R V Station - West Basement DESCRIPTION: T h e steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g stations c o n s i s t generally of two r e g u l a t i n g valves assembled in s e r i e s for two stage r e d u c t i o n . The f i r s t r e g u l a t i n g v a l v e i s designed to r e d u c e steam p r e s s u r e from 150 p s i g to 75 p s i g and the second v a l v e (in s e r i e s w i t h the f i r s t v a l v e ) from 75 psig to 5 psig, for heating by 113 �radiation a n d b y heating coils of the air handling units. See the table at the end of t h i s section for a l i s t of the steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g s t a t i o n s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: T h e steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g s t a t i o n s , being i n s t a l l e d i n 1976, h a v e been operational and required no testing. They were functioning normally. T h e s e u n i t s may continue i n s e r v i c e up to t h e i r r a t e d c a p a c i t y . Low P r e s s u r e Steam and Condensate R e t u r n Piping System DESCRIPTION: Low p r e s s u r e steam and condensate p i p i n g originate at the steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g stations a n d e x t e n d to the following steam consuming equipment: o o o o r a d i a t i o n for heating heating coils of a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s humidifiers domestic hot w a t e r generator A considerable portion of the o r i g i n a l steam and condensate r e t u r n piping system is still in service. I n certain areas of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , p r i n c i pally i n the w e s t and c e n t e r south portions of the Basement, the low p r e s s u r e steam a n d condensate p i p i n g was replaced i n 1976 a n d a portion of the existing steam mains were re-insulated. T h e e x i s t i n g steam and condensate r e t u r n r i s e r s have not been replaced. E v i d e n c e of steam leakage from r i s e r s was noted on the u p p e r floors of the E a s t Wing, as well as i n the southwest p a r t of the Basement. 114 Design drawings from 1976 indicate t h a t p r a c t i c a l l y all of the original condensate mains i n the Basement were scheduled for replacement. T h e s u r v e y team o b s e r v e d a section of abandoned o r i g i n a l 4 " condensate main i n the Basement t h a t was much corroded. The team also o b s e r v e d abandoned steam m a i n s , a p p a r e n t l y phased out d u r i n g the 1976 replacement program that had only moderate i n t e r i o r and exterior corrosion. I t was noted t h a t portions of the steam and condensate pipe i n s u l a t i o n , p r e sumably the o r i g i n a l c o v e r i n g , contained a s b e s t o s , a d i s t i n c t health h a z a r d . PHYSICAL SURVEY: Pipe were t a k e n from the following at locations as noted: samples systems Sample No. B - l - 1-1/2" steam r u n o u t off the 8" steam main, Basement, center s o u t h . Sample No. B - 6 - 6" low p r e s s u r e steam main i n Basement. Sample No. B - 7 - 10" low p r e s s u r e steam main i n Basement. Sample No. 2 - 1 - 1 " steam r i s e r , 2nd Floor w e s t Sample No. 2-4 - 1 " steam r i s e r , 2nd Floor east Sample No. 2-2 - 3/4" condensate r i s e r , 2nd Floor west Sample No. 2-3 - 3/4" condensate r i s e r , 2nd Floor east Sample No. 2-5 - 3/4" condensate r u n o u t to r a d i a t o r T h e samples of steam and condensate r i s e r s show r e l a t i v e l y little outside and inside c o r r o s i o n , however, corrosion was noted at the pipe j o i n t s . T h e s u r v e y team i n t e r v i e w e d members of the N . P . S . maintenance s t a f f , and were told t h a t l e a k y joints i n r i s e r s at �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical connections to the radiators were frequent and t h a t some r i s e r s had been replaced. Problems usually originate at t h r e a d e d j o i n t s . R e p a i r of these joints u s u a l l y i s not possible, because the newly c u t t h r e a d e d ends collapse. T h e metallurgical examination of the steam main samples from the old p i p i n g s y s t e m i n the Basement shows that they cannot be r e l i e d on for f u t u r e trouble-free service. I t i s therefore recommended t h a t a l l pre-1976 steam mains be r e p l a c e d . T h e samples t a k e n from steam mains i n the Basement (Sample Nos. B - 6 a n d B - 7 ) showed little inside and outside corrosion. I t i s also recommended t h a t i n the i n t e r e s t of a clean and o r d e r l y s y s t e m , the presently abandoned exposed p i p i n g i n the Basement be removed d u r i n g the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g r e h a b i l i tation p r o g r a m . I n v i e w of the fact t h a t v i s i b l e i n s p e c tion r e v e a l e d little d e t e r i o r a t i o n , i t was decided to engage a t e s t i n g laboratory for metallurgical t e s t i n g of pipe samples, in order to determine scientifically whether the material i s s t i l l s o u n d . Of the samples t a k e n , the following were examined i n a metallurgical l a b o r a t o r y : Sample No. B - 6 ( 6 " steam main i n Basement). Sample No. B - 7 ( 1 0 " steam main i n Basement. Sample No. 2 - 1 ( 1 " steam r i s e r , 2nd Floor w e s t ) . Sample No. 2-2 ( 3 / 4 " condensate r i s e r , 2nd Floor w e s t ) . T h e laboratory r e p o r t indicated t h a t the 1 0 " steam main showed metallurgical defects (laminations) and corrosion along the d e f e c t s . T h e r e s t of the listed samples proved to have no serious d e f e c t s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A l t h o u g h most of the random samples of the steam and condensate r i s e r p i p i n g p r o v e d to have no metall u r g i c a l d e f e c t s , we do not believe t h a t the original r i s e r s c a n be r e l i e d on for long term service because of the f r e q u e n t joint f a i l u r e s i n the p a s t . Condensate Pumps DESCRIPTION: Steam condensate i s r e t u r n e d to the Capitol Hill Steam System t h r o u g h the main condensate r e t u r n u n i t located i n the center south section of the Basement. T h e r e a r e t h r e e other smaller, satellite condensate pump sets w h i c h collect steam condensate from remote equipment and t r a n s f e r i t to the main condensing unit. T a b l e 2 l i s t s the e x i s t i n g c o n densate pumping equipment. T h e main condensate r e t u r n u n i t i s a n A u r o r a Steam R e t u r n Package Model 190F, c o n s i s t i n g of a horizontal t a n k and two 15 HP pumps, mounted on steel framing and equipped w i t h the necessary controls. A l l steam condensate i s not r e t u r n e d to the steam p l a n t . Adjacent to the main condensate r e t u r n u n i t i s a concrete tank, where condensate from the adjacent steam heated hot water generator i s p i p e d , cooled to a p p r o x i mately 140° F . and disposed to the sewer. 115 �No condensate t r a n s f e r u n i t was noted for returning condensate from the easternmost portion of the Historic B u i l d i n g to the main condensate p u m p s , leading to the conclusion t h a t the portion of steam condensate that cannot be r e t u r n e d t h r o u g h pipes above the long-haul t r a c k s is wasted. PHYSICAL SURVEY: T h e condensate r e t u r n pumps were i n s t a l l e d d u r i n g the NVC construction program and appeared to function n o r m a l l y . T e s t i n g consisted of s t a r t i n g the pumps a n d o b s e r v i n g them while f u n c t i o n i n g . No problems were noted. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : T h e condensate pumps appear to s a t i s f y c u r r e n t r e q u i r e m e n t s . It is recommended t h a t allowance be made i n budgeting for additional pumps to t r a n s f e r condensate from the e a s t e r n most p a r t of the b u i l d i n g ( a n d from a n y newly planned steam consuming equipment t h a t may be remotely located) to the main condensate pump u n i t . Heating T e r m i n a l s DESCRIPTION: T h e terminal heating equipment c o n s i s t s of the following t y p e s of d e v i c e s : o o o o o o o cast iron radiators c a s t i r o n baseboard r a d i a t o r s convectors finned tube radiation pipe coils unit heaters cabinet u n i t h e a t e r s Initially, cast iron radiators were p r o v i d e d i n most s p a c e s , especially i n upper floor rooms of the E a s t and West w i n g s , i n s t a i r s , and c o r r i d o r s . Many are still in service. All such radiators 116 Main Condensate U n i t - Basement �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical are manually controlled and are equipped w i t h h a n d v a l v e s ( i n good condition) and thermostatic steam t r a p s . Most steam t r a p s have r e c e n t l y been r e p l a c e d . T h e r a d i a t o r s show little outside evidence of w e a r . I n s e v e r a l rooms, u s e d g e n e r a l l y for offices, the c a s t i r o n r a d i a t o r s have been r e p l a c e d b y f i n n e d tube r a d i a t i o n , or b y c a s t i r o n baseboard r a d i a t i o n . T h e finned tube r a d i a t i o n , not being as durable as c a s t i r o n r a d i a t i o n , shows v a r y i n g degrees of w e a r . I n public s p a c e s , s u c h as i n the large toilet rooms on the main floor, r e c e s s e d convectors were p r o v i d e d at the e x t e r i o r walls. I n the wells of s k y l i g h t s of the u p p e r s t o r y rooms, as well as i n the G y m nasium on the F o u r t h Floor of the West Wing, pipe coils c o n s i s t i n g of 1-1/4" pipes were mounted at ceilings to counteract d r a f t s from cold s u r f a c e s . Most coils did not show evidence of outside c o r r o s i o n . T h e s e elements a r e assembled w i t h t h r e a d e d joints s u s c e p tible to c o r r o s i o n , a r e p a r t of the o r i g i n a l installation and may be p r e sumed to be i n a condition similar to the steam a n d condensate r i s e r s . T h e l a r g e toilet rooms on the u p p e r floors a r e heated i n a v a r i e t y of w a y s , among w h i c h are cast i r o n r a d i a t o r s and/or small steam heated ceiling h u n g u n i t h e a t e r s . Most of the u n i t h e a t e r s , controlled b y local t h e r m o s t a t s , were non-functional. I n the entrance v e s t i b u l e s of the Main H a l l , the o r i g i n a l c a s t i r o n heating coils were r e p l a c e d by cabinet t y p e unit heaters. These units are of recent vintage, are controlled by thermostats i n the r e t u r n a i r flow and appear to be i n s e r v i c e a b l e condition. I n the Concourse along the n o r t h w a l l , nine cabinet u n i t h e a t e r s a r e p r o v i d e d . T h e s e u n i t s a r e i n s t a l l e d i n a custommade wood e n c l o s u r e . T h e steam and condensate p i p i n g i s i n front of the u n i t s , blocking access for s e r v i c i n g . The units, being relatively new, appear to be i n s e r v i c e a b l e condition, except for two or t h r e e h a v i n g n o i s y fans. T h r e e similar u n i t h e a t e r s are i n s t a l l e d near the east a n d the west walls of the C o n c o u r s e , i n f r o n t of the large glass areas. T h e s e u n i t s are set i n an i n v e r t e d position i n custom-made wood enclosures and are functioning normally. T h e Replacement Station i s heated b y air, u t i l i z i n g a i r conditioning ducts and a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s . T h i s system w i l l be d e s c r i b e d u n d e r the A i r C o n ditioning section of t h i s r e p o r t . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : I n the foregoing d i s c u s s i o n of the heating terminals, it became a p p a r e n t t h a t most of these elements a r e either u n s e r v i c e a b l e or antiquated to the point t h a t s a t i s f a c t o r y s e r v i c e cannot be e x p e c t e d . T h e cast i r o n r a d i a t o r s t h a t s e r v e the upper s t o r y areas of the E a s t a n d West Wings a r e p a r t i c u l a r l y subject to c r i t i c i s m for the following r e a s o n s : o o o U n i t s r e q u i r e more space t h a n newer heating t e r m i n a l s , T h e y may i n t e r f e r e w i t h f u r n i t u r e arrangement, L o c a l temperature control i s not available. 117 �o L a c k of control c o n t r i b u t e s to waste of e n e r g y . I t i s reasonable to conclude t h a t i n t e r i o r corrosion and e n c r u s t a tions h a v e r e d u c e d the efficiency of heat t r a n s f e r . o F o r the above r e a s o n s , i t i s recommended t h a t the r a d i a t o r s be replaced by finned tube radiation, or by baseboard r a d i a t i o n t h a t would r e s o l v e the above-mentioned objections. I n a p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n , i t was mentioned t h a t the steam and condensate pipe r i s e r s t h a t feed the r a d i a t o r s also should be r e p l a c e d . A s a consequence, i t i s n e c e s s a r y to replace e n t i r e l y the heating terminals a n d the v e r t i c a l feed piping. U n d e r these conditions, i t may be questioned w h e t h e r the steam heating should be r e t a i n e d a n d the defective elements r e p l a c e d , or a more f l e x i b l e , hydronic type heating system be adopted. A h y d r o n i c heating s y s t e m would h a v e significant advantages. T h e following may be c i t e d : o T h e new p i p i n g would p r o v i d e dependable, long term s e r v i c e . o P i p i n g would be smaller. o P i p i n g would be a r r a n g e d to keep out of the L o n g - H a u l r a i l r o a d t u n n e l , w h e r e the p r e s e n t steam and condensate p i p i n g for portions of the E a s t Wing a r e located. o T h e r e would be q u i c k e r response to heating demand, as demand for heating c h a n g e s . 118 o Temperature control would be improved. T h e temperature of the w a t e r feeding these elements can be easily v a r i e d as the outside temperature varies, thereby reducing heat output i n mild weather and i n c r e a s i n g i t i n cold weather. V a r i a t i o n of output i n individual rooms would be possible, by operation of the r a d i a t o r damper. o Maintenance i s lower, as i n d i v i d u a l steam t r a p s i n rooms, as well as at r i s e r s are eliminated. o Freedom i n piping arrangement. Steam and condensate piping must be pitched down i n direction of the flow, whereas water piping may be horizontal or can r i s e and fall to avoid o b s t r u c t i o n s . o Heating efficiency would be greater a n d h e a t i n g costs l e s s , due to better c o n t r o l s , lowered radiation losses from hot p i p e s , t r a p s and possible losses from leaking v a l v e s and t r a p s . o Space s a v i n g . T h e new r a d i a t o r s would be only about 3-1/2" deep v e r s u s the 6" to 8 " space r e q u i r e d for c a s t i r o n r a d i a t o r s . I t i s therefore recommended t h a t the p r e s e n t steam heating system i n the u p p e r s t o r y areas of the E a s t and West Wings be phased out because of i t s disadvantages and t h a t i t be replaced by a new h y d r o n i c s y s t e m d e s c r i b e d i n the following t e x t . The existing unit h e a t e r s and convectors on the u p p e r floors should also be replaced w i t h u n i t s designed for h y d r o n i c s y s t e m s . Cabinet u n i t heaters i n V e s t i b u l e s may �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Ventilation System remain on the steam system, but allowance should be made for s e r v i c i n g and maintenance of them. I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t the a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s p r e s e n t l y equipped w i t h steam heating coils be r e t a i n e d on the steam heating s y s t e m . New H y d r o n i c Heating S y s t e m DESCRIPTION: A hydronic (hot w a t e r ) heating s y s t e m would c o n s i s t of steam to water heat e x c h a n g e r s , hot water circulating pumps, new hot water p i p i n g , s e r i e s - f e d finned tube radiation w i t h sectionalized discharge dampers, and automatic control of heating water temperature based on temperature of the outside a i r . Cabinet u n i t h e a t e r s or convectors may be u t i l i z e d i n entrance v e s t i b u l e s . For convenience of arrangement of p i p i n g a n d to limit long p i p i n g r u n s , i t is s u g g e s t e d t h a t two s u c h systems be provided: one for the West Wing and one for the E a s t Wing. DESCRIPTION: T h e original design d r a w i n g s indicate a n e x t e n s i v e ducted ventilation s y s t e m w i t h tempered a i r to the public areas of the building. P a r t s of t h i s s y s t e m , the large fans and d u c t s , were abandoned some time ago. Presently, mechanical ventilation is p r o v i d e d b y new systems i n s t a l l e d i n the N V C c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o g r a m . The new s y s t e m includes a large heating and v e n t i l a t i n g u n i t ( A H U - 1 0 ) for the Concourse and air handling units designed for a i r conditioning (AHU-1 t h r o u g h 9 ) . T h e a i r conditioning u n i t s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n the subsection on A i r Conditioning. The s y s t e m for the Concourse is designed to c i r c u l a t e 40,000 cfm of a i r and c o n s i s t s of a s u p p l y a i r u n i t equipped w i t h a 30 HP f a n , a steam heating coil and throw-away type filters. T h e s y s t e m i s a r r a n g e d to r u n on 100% outside a i r , or on f u l l recirculation. The return air fan ( B a r r y No. 7660) has a 10 HP motor. T h e s u p p l y a i r i s ducted to a r a i s e d platform i n the center portion of the Concourse a n d d i s t r i b u t e d by l i n e a r g r i l l e s i n the fascia of the platform. T h e s y s t e m appears to be i n good condition. Also i n the C o n c o u r s e , a fast food r e s t a u r a n t was i n s t a l l e d d u r i n g the N V C c o n s t r u c t i o n program. T h e range e x h a u s t fan ( d e s i g n e d for 3300 c f m ) , a second fan ( d e s i g n e d for 2500 cfm) for the k i t c h e n and a t h i r d e x h a u s t fan ( d e s i g n e d for 1300 cfm) to s e r v e the toilets and l o c k e r s i n the Basement below the r e s t a u r a n t , could p o s s i b l y be r e u s e d . T h e s e fans are located i n the t r u s s space above the ceiling of the C o n c o u r s e . 119 �T h e S e r v i n g A r e a , i n the east section of the F i r s t F l o o r , i s now abandoned. A large e x h a u s t f a n on the mezzanine is antiquated and i t s d u c t w o r k h a s been dismantled. A t the c e i l i n g , a small, more r e c e n t makeup a i r fan w i t h connecting d u c t w o r k also a p p e a r s to be u n s u i t a b l e for continued u s e . T h e P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite h a s no mechanical ventilation s y s t e m at p r e s e n t . T h e r e a r e a number of old fans and/or g r a v i t y e x h a u s t s for u p p e r floor toilet rooms. e x h a u s t s y s t e m s , as well as the for the Basement toilets and rooms are i n v a r i o u s stages r e p a i r , or are disconnected. exhaust provided These exhaust storage of d i s - There is no ventilation provided p r e s e n t l y for the Basement a r e a s u s e d by cars and delivery t r u c k s . A t the roof l e v e l of the E a s t Wing t h e r e a r e t h r e e rows of masonry s t a c k s , s i x i n each r o w . I n s p e c t i o n at the Long-Haul T r a c k level revealed that only s e v e n s t a c k s penetrate to the track level. U n d e r the National P a r k Service Phase I I Program of roof r e p a i r s , a l l of these s t a c k s w i l l be covered and equipped w i t h w e a t h e r proof l o u v e r s . PHYSICAL SURVEY: A H U - 1 0 and the associated r e t u r n a i r f a n s e r v i n g the Concourse were s t a r t e d a n d tested for operation and i t was found t h a t t h e y r a n without a n y a p p a r e n t problem. T h e heating output was not c h e c k e d , because at the time of the t e s t the steam was s h u t off. The manufacturer's shop drawing c e r t i f i e s that the u n i t h a s a n output capacity of 40,000 cfm at 1.19" w . g . 120 s t a t i c p r e s s u r e , and a heating capacity of 2200 MBH when s u p p l i e d w i t h steam at 5 p s i g p r e s s u r e . T h e u n i t i s designed for f u t u r e cooling w i t h the addition of a cooling c o i l . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Two of the e x i s t i n g e x h a u s t fans may have potential for future u s e . H o w e v e r , since the f u t u r e e x h a u s t a i r quantities a n d the d e s i r e d locations of fans a r e u n c e r t a i n , the future utilization of these u n i t s should not be depended o n . Generally, all exhaust systems and makeup air systems r e q u i r e d for v e n t i l a t i n g k i t c h e n s , food s e r v i c e a r e a s , toilet rooms, storage rooms and mechanical rooms w i l l have to meet new c r i t e r i a . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s recommended that new e x h a u s t f a n s , and new e x h a u s t d u c t w o r k be provided for each category of spaces mentioned above, when the new space utilization of the b u i l d i n g i s resolved. Allowance should be made to include makeup a i r s y s t e m s , where s u r p l u s a i r from spaces i s not adequate. T h e suggested p a r k i n g a r e a i n the Basement would r e q u i r e a separate ventilation s y s t e m c o n s i s t i n g of s u p p l y and e x h a u s t i n accordance w i t h c u r r e n t code r e q u i r e m e n t s . �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Air Conditioning System GENERAL: The building presently is p a r t i a l l y a i r conditioned. I n the N V C c o n s t r u c t i o n program a c h i l l e r plant and nine air handling units were i n s t a l l e d to s e r v e public areas on the F i r s t Floor. On the upper floors of the East and West Wings of the b u i l d i n g , small (2 to 5 ton c a p a c i t y ) air conditioners were provided for selected areas for comfort of the occupants. T h e l a t t e r u n i t s generally are the s p l i t , d i r e c t expansion t y p e . C h i l l e d Water P l a n t C e n t r i f u g a l C h i l l e r - Basement DESCRIPTION: T h e c h i l l e r plant for the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g consists of a nominal 385 ton capacity c e n t r i f u g a l c h i l l e r manufactured by T r a n e Co. a n d a u x i l i a r i e s w i t h matched capacity as follows: o o C h i l l e d Water Pumps ( 2 ) , B e l l & Gossett, double suction type, capacity of each p e r nameplate: 924 gallon/minute, 115 feet h e a d , 40 H P . One pump is a s t a n d b y unit. o Cooling Tower - Roof Condenser Water Pumps ( 2 ) , B e l l & G o s s e t t , double suction t y p e , capacity of each p e r nameplate: 1275 gallon/minute, 88 feet h e a d , 75 H P . One pump i s a s t a n d b y unit. Cooling Tower, ejection type, B A C Model J 2 4 1 2 B - 2 7 , approximate capacity at r a t e d flow, 370 t o n s . T h e cooling tower i s mounted on s u p ports above the roof of the c e n t e r - s o u t h portion of the H i s t o r i c Building. T h e c h i l l e r and pumps are located i n the south mechanical room i n the Basement, referred to as Mechanical Room #3. 121 �T h e r e is a n a i r cooled w a t e r c h i l l e r package ( T r a n e C G A A 0254 M B ) w i t h a nominal capacity of 25 tons i n Mechanical Room #3, located i n the r e l i e f a i r chamber. T h e u n i t i s equipped w i t h a separate c h i l l e d water pump. This unit is cross-connected to AHU-8, s e r v i n g as a w i n t e r c h i l l e r . F o r the Replacement Station a separate c h i l l e r plant i s p r o v i d e d c o n s i s t i n g of a nominal 180 ton Westinghouse c e n t r i f u g a l c h i l l e r , a B A C cooling tower of matched c a p a c i t y , a condenser water pump, chilled water pump a n d s p a r e pump, piped to s e r v e either the c o n denser water or the chilled water c i r c u i t . A l l pieces of the chilled w a t e r p l a n t , i n c l u d i n g the cooling t o w e r , are located i n a Mechanical Room on the Ground Floor, under the parking structure. PHYSICAL SURVEY: Components of the chilled w a t e r p l a n t i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g were s t a r t e d a n d o b s e r v e d i n operation. G e n e r a l l y , the p l a n t , aside from minor r e p a i r s , i s i n s e r v i c e a b l e condition. The Historic Building chiller requires a new p u r g e compressor and control r e l a y i n the condenser water c i r c u i t . T h e c h i l l e r plant of the Replacement Station was not tested as i t had been i n operation on a r e g u l a r b a s i s . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : T h e chilled w a t e r p l a n t s , both i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g and i n the Replacement Station, are in good condition. T h e combined capacity of the plants i s approximately 560 t o n s . I n the event all usable a r e a s of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , except the Basement, would be a i r conditioned and the Replacement Station phased o u t , the 122 anticipated cooling demand would be approximately 950 t o n s . B a s e d on an estimated 270,000 g r o s s s q u a r e feet of a i r conditioned a r e a at an a v e r a g e 290 s q u a r e feet p e r t o n , t h i s would indicate the need for an additional 400 tons of capacity. T h e Union Station Redevelopment A c t of 1981 a u t h o r i z e s the A r c h i t e c t of the Capitol "to enter into agreements w i t h the S e c r e t a r y of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n or his designee or a s s i g n to f u r n i s h steam or chilled water or both from the Capitol Power P l a n t to the Union Station comp l e x , at no expense to the legislative branch." The survey team i n v e s t i g a t e d the option of making connections to the Capitol Power Plant system and found t h a t the distance from the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g to the n e a r e s t point i n the chilled w a t e r d i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m was e x c e s s i v e and t h a t i t s anticipated cost would not compare f a v o r a b l y to the cost of e x p a n d i n g the e x i s t i n g e q u i p ment i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . C o n s i d e r i n g t h a t the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g complex a l r e a d y has a chilled water plant of approximately 560 tons c a p a c i t y , the f u r t h e r expansion of t h i s f a c i l i t y would cost l e s s t h a n half the cost of r u n n i n g piping to the Capitol Power Plant s y s t e m . T h e only circumstance t h a t would modify t h i s opinion would be if additional u s e r s of chilled water would be available along the route of the p i p i n g , so that t h i s cost could be s h a r e d by s e v e r a l u s e r s . I t i s therefore recommended that the ultimate p l a n t be designed for a p p r o x i mately 1000 t o n s , subject to confirmation by detailed calculation. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical T h e e x i s t i n g c h i l l e r s should be r e t a i n e d , a new c h i l l e r , pumps and cooling tower should be added and the three c h i l l e r plants cross-connected. The new c h i l l e r plant may be located near the e x i s t i n g plant i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g and the cooling tower on the roof adjacent to the e x i s t i n g tower, where the e x i s t i n g 10" condenser water pipes will have the c a r r y i n g capacity for the additional load. I t i s also recommended that i n designing the chilled water p l a n t , consideration be g i v e n to chilled water storage i n order to reduce the peak electric demand and the total i n s t a l l e d capacity of the chilled water p l a n t . A H U - 7 , Mechanical Room Basement A i r Handling Systems DESCRIPTION: Presently there are nine a i r handling u n i t s ( A H U - 1 t h r o u g h 9 ) for a i r conditioning i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g s e r v i n g p r i n c i p a l l y the public areas on the F i r s t Floor and t h e r e are two a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s i n the R e p l a c e ment S t a t i o n . A tabulation of the e x i s t i n g a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s of the a i r conditioning systems is g i v e n i n Table 3 at the end of t h i s s e c t i o n . Units A H U - 1 through 9 a r e floormounted, equipped with throw-away t y p e a i r f i l t e r s , chilled water cooling coil, steam heating coil and steam humidifier ( e x c e p t u n i t s A H U - 8 and 9 ) . A H U - 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 a n d 8 are p r o v i d e d w i t h bag f i l t e r s a l s o , r a t e d for 45% efficiency. E a c h of the systems includes an i n - l i n e c e n t r i f u g a l - t y p e r e t u r n a i r f a n , except A H U - 5 w h i c h is matched with a centrifugal-type r e t u r n air fan. All supply air ductwork is either externally insulated or acoustically lined. D u c t connections to u n i t s are a r r a n g e d for operating on the economy 123 �c y c l e i n mild w e a t h e r , u s i n g 100% outside a i r a n d r e l i e v i n g r e t u r n a i r to the o u t s i d e . I n the Replacement S t a t i o n , two more a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s a r e located. These are the multi-zone t y p e , equipped w i t h t h r o w - a w a y t y p e f i l t e r s , chilled water c o i l , steam heating coil and m i x i n g dampers for each zone d u c t . These u n i t s h a v e no r e t u r n a i r f a n s a n d r e t u r n a i r d u c t s , as t h e y d r a w r e c i r culated a i r from the ceiling plenum w h e r e the u n i t s are located. Recently, the two u n i t s were c o n v e r t e d from steam heating to hot w a t e r heating b y de-activating the steam coil i n the steam deck and u s i n g the cooling coil for c i r c u l a t i n g hot water for heating i n the w i n t e r . The supply and return ductwork connected to a l l the above s y s t e m s i s the c o n v e n t i o n a l , low p r e s s u r e t y p e w i t h a v a r i e t y of a i r terminals ( e . g . , ceiling diffuser, supply registers, return registers). T h e r e a r e ten small (2-1/2 ton to 5 ton c a p a c i t y ) package a i r conditioners for the office areas on the u p p e r f l o o r s . Most of these u n i t s a r e the s p l i t - t y p e , w i t h a n a i r cooled condenser located on the n e a r b y roof and s u p p l y a i r d u c t w o r k extended to n e a r b y rooms. R e t u r n a i r u s u a l l y i s d r a w n to the u n i t t h r o u g h the c o r r i d o r s . Some outside a i r i s provided for these s y s t e m s t h r o u g h duct connections to the roof, or to adjacent w i n d o w s . PHYSICAL SURVEY: Air handling systems A H U - 1 t h r o u g h 9 were s t a r t e d up and o b s e r v e d i n operation. After a d j u s t i n g p u l l e y s and b e l t s , all u n i t s 124 were found i n normal r u n n i n g condit i o n . A H U - 8 appeared to have a l e a k y c o i l , due to a b r o k e n tube i n the cooling c o i l . We r e c e i v e d from J o h n J . Wilson I n c . , the i n s t a l l i n g c o n t r a c t o r , a copy of the u n i t shop d r a w i n g s and the a i r b a l ancing data. T h e s e s o u r c e s indicate t h a t at the time of installation the equipment performed as r e q u i r e d by design documents. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: B a s e d on our tests and o b s e r v a t i o n s , i t is possible that the a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s could s e r v e i n the f u t u r e , r e q u i r i n g only s e r v i c i n g and adjustment for new operating conditions. I t may be reasonably expected t h a t the d u c t arrangement and the a i r terminals would change s u b s t a n t i a l l y , based on the f u t u r e space arrangement and a r c h i t e c t u r a l appointments. The package air conditioners are g e n e r a l l y i n poor condition and cannot be relied on for proper service. G e n e r a l development of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g w i l l r e q u i r e a consistent and unified a i r conditioning s y s t e m for the b u i l d i n g i n w h i c h case t h e r e would be no application for these u n i t s . I t i s recommended that the p r e s e n t a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s and d u c t w o r k be r e t a i n e d to the g r e a t e s t e x t e n t possible and the n e c e s s a r y minor r e p a i r s and modifications be made for f u l l rehabilitation of these s y s t e m s . �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Temperature Controls D E S C R I P T I O N : Heating s y s t e m controls are manual. T h e low p r e s s u r e steam s y s t e m t h a t feeds the heating s y s t e m is s e t for a constant steam p r e s s u r e . A s a consequence, t h e r e i s no v a r i a t i o n i n steam p r e s s u r e , p a r a l l e l i n g a change i n the outdoor t e m p e r a t u r e . T o accomp l i s h a change i n steam p r e s s u r e , t h e b u i l d i n g operator manually changes the s e t t i n g of the steam p r e s s u r e r e d u c i n g valves. T h e r a d i a t o r s h a v e manual v a l v e s , a n d o v e r h e a t i n g i s common i n mild w e a t h e r . T h e e x i s t i n g u n i t h e a t e r s a r e operated b y e l e c t r i c t h e r m o s t a t s . Most of these controls a r e not f u n c t i o n i n g . T h e N V C c o n s t r u c t i o n program i n c l u d e d pneumatic-type controls for operation of v a l v e s a n d dampers of the new a i r handling u n i t s . A new temperature control a i r compressor w i t h r e f r i g e r a t e d d r y e r a n d control panel for a i r h a n d l i n g unit was provided. PHYSICAL SURVEY: T h e temperature control a i r compressor a n d associated a i r d r y e r were placed i n operation a n d t h e y appeared to function normally. T h e remainder of the s y s t e m was not tested because no heating load or cooling load was p r e s e n t . I t may be presumed t h a t the v a r i o u s control valves a n d control dampers would r e q u i r e only s e r v i c i n g a n d adjustment, b u t no replacement. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : T h e p r e s e n t control s y s t e m i s functional. H o w e v e r , i t i s probable that the renovation program would p r e s e n t new requirements for p e r f o r mance resulting in changes and additions to the p r e s e n t control s y s t e m . A n e n e r g y management s y s t e m h a s been i n c l u d e d i n the estimated scope of w o r k . 125 �126 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Tables ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Steam Pressure Reducing Stations TABLE 1 STEAM PRESSURE REDUCING STATIONS Location Serving V a l v e Sizes Capacity Lbs./Hr. Station No. 1 Basement C e n t e r AHU-10 1-1/2" & 2 " 4,600 Station No. 2 Basement E a s t Radiation 1 " & 1-1/2" 2,400 Station No. 3 Basement West Radiation & A H U ' s 2" & 2-1/2" 7,500 Station No. 4 Basement West AHU-9 1/2" & 1/2" 550 Station No. 5 Basement C e n t e r - S o u t h HW Generator 1/2" & 1/2" 550 127 �128 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Condensate Return Pumps TABLE 2 CONDENSATE RETURN PUMPS Capacity Symbol Location Serving CP-1 Basement Mech. R m . , South AHU-6, 7 & 8 2 H P , 30,000 0 E D R (2,500 l b . / h r . ) CP-2 Basement Mech. R m . , West AHU-9 1 H P , 4,000 0 E D R (1,000 l b . / h r . ) CP-3 Basement, AHU-10 1 H P , 20,000 0 E D R (5,000 l b . / h r . ) CP-4 Basement, South Center Main pump 15 H P , 55 gpm @ 130 p s i g (9,200 l b . / h r . ) 129 �130 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Existing Air Handling Units TABLE 3 E X I S T I N G AIR HANDLING UNITS Symbol Serving Location AHU-1 AHU-2 AHU-3 AHU-4 AHU-5 AHU-6 AHU-7 AHU-8 AHU-9 AHU-1A AHU-2A T h e a t e r #127 T h e a t e r #128 Projection Booth #127A E a s t Hall #137A West Hall #120A P . A . V . E . #125M Main Hall #125A Projection Room #B43B F a s t Food K i t c h e n #101 Replacement Station Replacement Station Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Mech. R m . Ceiling Ceiling CFM #225 #225 #225 #225 #M104 #B51A #B51A #B51A #B11K 5,400 5,400 2,400 13,000 37,400 8,800 22,000 27,600 10,300 26,800 6,900 Capacity Tons* F a n HP 19 19 6 41 107 28 54 50 36 90 23 7-1/2 7-1/2 3 20 30 7-1/2 15 20 7-1/2 20 10 Model No. Trane M-12 M-12 M-6 M-31 M-73 M-17 L-41 L-50 M-21 N.A. N.A. * A H U - 1 t h r o u g h 9 , the capacity a n d fan HP i s l i s t e d as shown on shop d r a w i n g s . A H U - 1 A a n d 2A capacity and fan H P i s l i s t e d as shown on design d r a w i n g s . 131 �132 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical Drawings �����ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical John Wilson Inc. Test Report ��May 10, 1982 Ewing Cole Cherry Parsky Federal Reserve Bank Building 100 N 6th Street Independence Mall West P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA 19106 Attention: Mr. John F. Glass Re: & Union Station Subj: Mechanical System Survey Gentlemen: This i s our report which includes a marked-up set of drawings showing location of pipe samples (high and low pressure steam, condensate r e t u r n , domestic water, and rainwater downspouts) which we turned over to Ewing Cole Cherry Parsky. / W also performed run t e s t s on a l l the major mechanical equipment, e and below i s a l i s t of our findings: * 1} C h i l l e r - Started up by a Trane Company representative and a report w i l l be forthcoming from them. * Z) Cooling Tower - Was operational but needed cleaning as about h of the nozzles were clogged up. * 3) C h i l l e d Water Pumps #1 and #2 and Condenser Water Pump #1 and: #2 They a l l check out but suggest s t r a i n e r be cleaned (water treatment system for the condenser system has been removed). * 4) A i r Handling Units #1 through #10 and C h i l l e d Water Coils A l l were operational but i n need of clean f i l t e r s and new drive b e l t s . ( A i r Handling Unit #8 has a leaking c h i l l e d water c o i l ) . * 5) Return and Exhaust Fans - Operational but 1n need of maintenance o i l . -aftd b e l t s , e t c . 6) Domestic Hot Water Heater, heater had to be with a l l s a f e t i e s not be checked - Steam and E l e c t r i c - The e l e c t r i c rewired but checked out operational working. The steam heater could no steam a v a i l a b l e . AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER �May 10, 1982 iwing Coie'CHerry Parsky Steam Condensate Return Units - Started up. Juntos operational out could not check i f pumps worked as no Steam was avai Table. * 8) Steam Coil on A i r Handling Units #1 through #10 - Could not check as no steam a v a i l a b l e but suggest d i r t legs s t r a i n e r and traps be checked. III Steam Pressure Reducing Station - Same as Steam C o i l s . 10) Domestic Water Meter (indicated on marked-up drawings) - Their condition i s as follows: #1. #2. #3. #4. * II) Replaced with spool pieces 4" Repaired by D.C. Meter Department (Old Meter galvanized steel pipe) New meter i n s t a l l e d .in 1976 disconnected from wall (Small copper system) Old meter from small copper system but s t i l l operational. Temperature Control A i r Compressor - Operational with a l l controls working complete with a i r d r y e r . The e x i s t i n g mechanical systems as a whole are operational but in desperate need of c l e a n i n g , o i l i n g , greasing, and maintenance. Very t r u l y y o u r s , JOHN J . WILSON, Curtis E. Wilson Project Manager CEW/mm cc: Turner Construction Company Mr. Michael Smith S-82-4-12 •NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION INC. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Mechanical E.L. Conwell & C o . Test Report ��IL I . . COKTWEILL & C O . ESTABLISHED 1694 ENGINEERS - CHEMISTS - 2024 ARCH STREET PHILADELPHIA. INSPECTORS PA. 19103 (215) 563-5935 May 2 0 , 1932 Ewing, C o l e , C h e r r y , P a r s k y F e d e r a l R e s e r v e Bank B u i l d i n g 100 N. 6 t h S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA. 19106 Attn: RE: Union S t a t i o n Washington, D.C. P i p e Samples Mr. J a c k G l a s s Gentlemen: The f o l l o w i n g i s a r e p o r t o f m e t a l l o g r a p h i c e x a m i n a t i o n o f specimens p r e p a r e d from s u b m i t t e d p i p e samples. E x a m i n a t i o n was performed a t 200x magnification. 1. 8" RWC BSMT Center sample B-h (May 3 , 82) e x h i b i t s c o r r o s i o n t h a t can be c l a s s i f i e d as a c o r r o s i o n a l o n g n o n - m e t a l l i c (manganese sulfide) inclusions. There a r e l o n g c h a i n s o f i n c l u s i o n s followed by c o r r o s i o n . Although t h e common r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e m e t a l i s s a t i s f a c t o r y , d i s c r e t e a r e a s c l o s e t o one a n o t h e r a r e dangerous and t h i s m e t a l s h o u l d not be u s e d f u r t h e r i n s e r v i c e . *2. 1" S t e a m r i s e r , s a m p l e 2 - 1 { 2 n d f l o o r west,: M a y M 3 2 } h a s s o m e hut evidence of contiguous defects can be seen, m c r o s t r u c t u r e o f this m e t a l i s satisfactory and f u t u r e u s e is p e r m i s s i b l e . *3*. I n c o m i n g D o m e s t i c w a t e r , | S M < W e s t s a m p l e B-5 ( M a y h, 3 2 } h a s a l o t o f areas: w i t h c o r r o s i o n d i s t r i b u t e d a t t h e g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s . Corrosion microareas are connected b y cracks. Microstructure of t h i s m e t a l is t h e r e f o r e u n s a t i s f a c t o r y a n d f u t u r e u s e is n o t r e commended. *k. £ n LPS Main llllllllilliill^ C e n t e r s a m p l e S-c ( M a y 5 , 5 2 ) e x h i b i t s a p i c k i n g t y p e o f corrosion all alone the vail, "his type of. corrosior. is n o t s e r i o u s , since -hers are not: large areas with excessive surface d a m a g e . The• 32~al if satisfactory ar;o fuoure use is permissible:. �E . L.. C O N W E L L & C o . Page 2 May 2 0 , 1932 EWING, C O L S , CHERRY, PARSKY Attn: M r . Jack Glass RE: Union Station Washington, D . C . * 5. 1 0 " LPS 3 S M T W e s t , Sample B-T (May 6 , 32) has a lot of original metallurgical defects (laminations( and corrosion has propagated . along these defects. Future use is not recommended. * 6. 3 A " Condensate R i s e r . Second floor West sample 2-2 (May 4 , 3 2 ) . The microstructure consists of equal grains. The extent of c o r rosion Is approximately 10% of wall thickness which is typical and : is permlssihle. • :§ : •not. dangerous. • Future, use 1. A l l samples were made from low carbon steel. Photomicrographs have been retained in our files. Respectfully submitted, E . L. CONWELL & CO. WEC/js cc: 4-Mr. Pradeep Patel *N0T APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Plumbing INTRODUCTION UTILITIES Sanitary and Storm Sewers Domestic Water Service Rainwater System I N T E R I O R S A N I T A R Y PIPING DOMESTIC WATER Piping System Hot Water Generators Water Storage T a n k s PLUMBING F I X T U R E S FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM Fire Hydrants Wet Standpipes Sprinkler System Siamese Connections Fire Extinguishers TABLES Plumbing F i x t u r e Tabulation DRAWINGS Basement Roof TEST REPORTS Equipment T e s t Report John Wison, I n c . Pipe Sample Evaluation E . L . Conwell & Co. ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Introduction Utilities Large portions of the plumbing systems in the Historic Building of Union Station are made up of the original pipes, fittings, fixtures and equipment installed as part of the Burnham design. Some work has been done over the y e a r s , but the system has not been changed substantially. This survey determined that most old system components, with the possible exception of the sanitary main at the Basement ceiling and below the floor and a sump pump in the Basement tunnel, can no longer be considered in serviceable condition due to deterioration of the piping systems, non-conformity to current codes, and the condition and location of most plumbing f i x t u r e s . Replacement of these components is recommended. Sanitary and Storm Sewers Work has been done on the following services and equipment within the last ten (10) y e a r s : o o o new 14" diameter ductile iron house sewer lateral and 20" diameter extension to the public sewer system domestic hot water generators new roof drains and tie-in connections to adjacent rain leaders in areas where the roof was repaired METHODOLOGY: The survey consisted of collecting existing documents of the building, comparing these to existing conditions, and evaluating conditions of existing systems and equipment. Samples of piping were also taken for internal inspection and metallurgical testing. DESCRIPTION: The original house sewers shown on the 1903 drawings consistedof two 8" combination (sanitary and storm) lines running in a westerly direction from the Basement to the present access road to the multi-level garage, and then in a southerly direction to a 12" public sewer line running in an easterly direction parallel to the south exterior wall of the Historic Building. Another 8" house sewer drained the east portion of the building, running in an easterly direction to public sewers east of the building. The updated conditions shown on the drawings of the DC Office of Environmental Planning and Management (EPM Drawing Nos. A-3-NE and A - 4 - N E ) are at variance with the Burnham drawings. The updated data shows an 8" sewer running to the system in F i r s t Street. This line, in t u r n , was abandoned and replaced when the WMATA system was constructed. Records of the relocation in connection with the WMATA construction have been received. Drawings No. B 3 b - U - 8 , B3b-U-9 and B3b-U-60 show a single 14" line, leaving the southwest corner of the building, heading to a connection with a 16" combination sewer at manhole S-13, from which a 20" pipe crosses under the WMATA tracks to a 36" sewer under F i r s t Street. Another 14" sewer line at the north wall of the Concourse runs in a westerly direction to sewers in F i r s t Street. I t should be noted that WMATA authorities cautioned that the referenced drawings did not necessarily reflect as-built conditions. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : Further investigations centered on substantiation of 133 �the data shown on WMATA records, principally whether a new house drain was in fact installed and whether adequate pitch was provided. The investigation disclosed that an 8" drain riser (from Basement floor to Basement ceiling in the southwest section) was in fact a new cast iron pipe. The cleanout at the base of this riser was opened and the approximate invert measured. Then manhole S-13 in Columbus Plaza was opened to check the invert elevation at that point. Visual check at manhole S-13 showed agreement with the invert shown on Drawing No. A - 3 - N E , increasing the reliability of Drawing No. A - 3 - N E . Based on this data we estimate the pitch of the house sewer (14" ductile iron pipe) after the connection of the overhead and underfloor piping to be at least 2%. Sewers leaving the building in an easterly direction were also investigated (these laterals were not shown on EPM drawings). I t appears certain that a house sewer flowing from the east side of the building was installed in conformity with the Burnham drawings. Manhole invert elevations in the 9'-6" sewer on the east side of the building are approximately 10.5 feet. Since the Basement elevation is 41.0 feet ( i n the east section), we do not expect problems with inadequate pitch of the east house sewer. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is recommended that the public sewers on the west side and east side of the building be continued to be utilized for connections. 134 Domestic Water Service DESCRIPTION: Presently, domestic water service is provided to the Historic Building from the water system of the Washington Terminal Co. (WTC). According to the records at EPM, an 8" water service extends from a 12" public water main at K Street to a meter pit in F i r s t Street and then to the property of WTC where booster pumps increase the water pressure. From the WTC water mains, water is piped to the Union Station Basement where it is submetered. A 4" water main runs to a 4" meter in the southwest part of the Basement and to a 1/2" water meter that serves the former fast food restaurant located on the Concourse level. Downstream from the water meter, fire protection piping is taken off. A second water service in the east part of the Basement is metered by another 4" meter. This meter, being defective, was removed during the survey and a spool piece substituted. Water pressure in the Basement, as observed on a gauge at the hot water generator under no flow condition, was approximately 100 psig. Based on an assumed estimated future population of 4,500 persons in the building and the anticipated number and type of f i x t u r e s , a probable maximum flow of about 450 gpm of water, requiring 6" domestic water service can be expected. If sprinkler protection for the building is not required, the 6" service may also serve the fire protection standpipe ( f i r s t aid) system and sprinklering of limited areas in the Basement used for storage. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : In addition to visual observations, samples were taken from the 4" galvanized iron water service pipe in the northwest portion of the Basement. On visual inspection, the sample appeared to be sound, showing some interior pitting and corrosion, but the wall thickness had not been reduced appreciably. The sample was forwarded to E . L . Conwell & C o . , testing engineers, for metallurgical examination. The metal lographic examination revealed serious defects, rendering this pipe unsuitable for future service. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The present arrangement of receiving domestic water from the facilities of WTC relies upon WTC for the dependability of the system; therefore, consideration should be given to providing an independent service from the public water system in lieu of replacing the defective water service pipe. I t is recommended that for the combined load of domestic water and fire protection system, an 8" service be brought i n . Connection may be made to the 12" water main near the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and F i r s t Street, in the vicinity of the southwest corner of the Historic Building and a meter pit provided, with 6" meter for domestic water and a 6" bypass for the fire protection service. Rainwater System D E S C R I P T I O N : I n the past y e a r , the existing roofs over the Main Hall, the East Hall, the roof area between the two fourth floor Tank Rooms, the long, narrow, low roof at the south side of the Concourse barrel roof and smaller adjacent areas, were replaced with new roofina. At the same time 135 �the existing roof drains, and the connecting horizontal piping from the roof drain to the existing vertical rainwater conductors were also renewed. Under Phase I I of the roofing program, the remainder of the roofs, including the roof drains and pipe connections, and with the exception of the glass roof of the West Hall, are planned for replacement. I n view of the poor condition of the existing roofing, roof drains and the connecting piping at the roof drains, this work is absolutely essential to halt the deterioration of structural and architectural elements of the building and for the purposes of this report, it is assumed that this work will be authorized and carried out in the very near future. the lower sections of the rainwater leaders, samples were cut at the following locations: The original roof drains generally are 16" x 16" x 3" deep depressed sections with 3" pipe connections. Some of these are equipped with makeshift wire cage screens. The existing rainwater piping is galvanized steel, the horizontal runs are generally insulated to control sweating. The visible sections of uninsulated piping showed some evidence of outside corrosion. Small sections of rainwater piping in the Concourse Basement are plastic pipe that replaced the old pipe. A sample of the 8" galvanized steel rainwater conductor (Sample B - 4 ) was sent to E . L . Conwell & C o . , testing engineers, for metallurgical examination. Substantial deterioration of the rain leaders were noted where they connect to the roof drains. At this point, 1 " steam piping was connected, probably for the purpose of snow and ice melting. At the Basement level the galvanized rain leaders are connected to cast iron drainage pipes. The pipes at this point appeared to be sound. PHYSICAL SURVEY: In order to ascertain the extent of the corrosion in 136 o Basement center-south, 8" galvanized steel. Sample B-4 o Main Hall Balcony northwest 6" galvanized steel. Sample 4-1 o Fourth Floor center-north 6" galvanized steel. Sample 4-1 Inside of the pipes there was approximately 1/16" thick f l a k y , r u s t y layer; the outside generally looked good. The report from the Conwell Co. indicated significant internal corrosion within the metal along "non-metallic inclusions" and recommended that the pipe should not be used for further service. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Visual examination of the rainwater system disclosed consistent deterioration of the pipes where they are connected to the roof drains. Other parts of the piping appeared to be sound, however, the metallographic examination disclosed serious defects within the metal; therefore, it is recommended that the original r a i n water piping be replaced. The cast iron portions of the rainwater piping may be presumed to be in serviceable condition, unless a broken section should be discovered. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Interior Sanitary Piping DESCRIPTION: The interior sanitary piping system appears to be the original piping and is generally cast iron pipe with bell and spigot connections, except for small piping which is generally galvanized steel. Stacks from the upper story plumbing fixtures are concealed in the building construction and are connected to an overhead sanitary main at the ceiling of the Basement. Sanitary piping from the fixtures in the Basement are connected to a sanitary main under the Basement floors. These pipes drain by gravity to the public sewers. The WMATA construction drawings indicate that the 8" overhead drain line in the west side of the building is tied into a common 14" underground pipe and after it picks up the rain leaders in the WMATA Equipment Room area of the Basement, it leaves the building. A duplex type sump pump is in the tunnel of the Concourse that collects waste from floor drains in area of the tunnel. This unit was tested and functioned normally. The overhead sanitary piping was not examined since these pipes, as well as the stacks probably would not be suitable--or convenient--for the future interior plumbing system. Neither was it feasible to examine the underground plumbing lines. Several of the exposed cast iron stacks in the Basement were examined from the exterior. These examinations indicated that the cast iron pipes were sound. the east portion of the building) would have adequate capacity to serve in the future. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The sanitary piping system, except for the underground cast iron piping, will not be suitable for further service because the present stacks probably will not be convenient for future arrangement of the plumbing fixtures. In addition, the existing piping system violates current code requirements in regard to separation of the sanitary piping from the rainwater piping, venting and proper piping practices. It is therefore recommended that new above ground sanitary piping be considered, separating the sanitary system from the rainwater system inside the building. I t is also recommended that, during the design stage or during construction, the underground sanitary main be examined by closed circuit television for interior conditions and cave-ins. In addition, at least at two locations (where the pipe is to serve in the f u t u r e ) , sections should be removed for closer examination of the pipe quality. The existing sump pump, although functional, should be reconditioned and the sump cleaned. Based on an assumed population count and the expected number and type of f i x t u r e s , two 8" house sewers (one serving the west areas and the other 137 �Domestic Water DESCRIPTION: The domestic water system may be divided into the following major parts: o o o Piping System Hot Water Generators Storage Tanks Piping System D E S C R I P T I O N : The water distribution piping system extends from the existing water meters to all plumbing f i x t u r e s , to the hot water generators, and to water storage tanks. From the hot water generators, hot water piping runs to the f i x t u r e s . The pipe material of the cold water system varies. The original domestic hot and cold water piping was b r a s s , very little of which has remained. Presently, the large piping generally is steel or galvanized steel, while the smaller pipes are either galvanized steel or copper. There are no domestic water booster pumps. All fixtures and equipment are served by the pressure available from the WTC water system. The domestic hot water piping is composed of several materials, similar to the cold water system. Presently, in many areas of the building the hot water is shut off. Piping for r e c i r c u lation of hot water to the water heater is not provided. The domestic water piping system was not shown on the original Burnham plumbing drawings; apparently this work was left to the prerogatives of the contractor. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Tests were conducted only on the 4" service pipe as described above. 138 The remaining system was not tested because it was of non-uniform material, showed evidences of failures, and the piping would not be suitable for future f i x t u r e s , as to pipe sizes and locations. It is therefore recommended that new domestic water piping, including cold water, hot water, hot water r e c i r c u lating piping, and recirculation pump be considered for the building. Under the section "Domestic Water Service" it was recommended that an independent water service and water meter be provided for the building. In this event domestic water pressure boosting will be necessary because the city distribution pressure will not be adequate. Subject to confirmation by detailed engineering, a constant pressure pumping facility should be considered, consisting of two or three pumps of appropriate capacity to serve all fixtures of the building. Hot Water Generators DESCRIPTION: The domestic water heaters of the original system were phased out during the NVC construction program and replaced by storage type hot water generators. The documents prepared in 1976 indicate two packagetype storage units, each having 338 gal. storage capacity, with a recovery of 100 gallons of water per hour from 40° F . to 140° F . One of these units is designed for steam water heating and the other unit for electric heat. The intent of this dual system is to use the steam heated unit during the heating season and the electrically heated unit in the summer (utilizing the steam generator for storage) when the steam service might be shut off. The steam unit is fitted with a small circulating pump for internal circulation �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing of the tank. This pump is a 1/6 HP in-line unit at the hot water generator. The hot water generators are located in the east part of the Basement. The actually installed units are: o o Steam and Electric Hot Water Gen. Basement - Hot Water Generator #1 (steam) Richmond Engineering, 36" diameter x 84" long, storage capacity 339 gallons. Recovery: 220 gallons/ hour, from 40° F . to 140° F . , when supplied with 2 psig steam in the heating element (183,000 Btu/hr). Hot Water Generator #2 (electric) Richmond Engineering, 36" diameter x 84" long. Storage capacity 340 gallons. Recovery 147 gallons, 40° F . to 140° F . , with 36 KW heating element (123,000 B t u / h r ) for 480 volts, 3 phase service. PHYSICAL S U R V E Y : The two heaters, each only about 6 years old, appear to be in good condition. The access manhole of each unit was opened and the interior was inspected. No evidence of cracking, leaking or unusual deterioration was noted. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The existing water heaters are in good condition and could serve in the future, however, they were designed for relatively low hot water consumption, probably to accommodate visitors to the exhibits during the bicentennial celebrations. If the building is restored to its former utilization, including kitchen and dining facilities, and upper floors utilization, then to accommodate approximately 4500 people, it would require approximately 1500 gallon hot water storage capacity with about 1500 gallon per hour heating capacity. Allowing 139 �for the capacity of the two existing heaters, the net addition would be approximately 820 gallon storage, 1280 gallons/hr recovery. It is recommended that consideration be given to provide two additional domestic water heaters: one for steam heating used during the heating season, and a second for electric heating used after the heating season, thus allowing the shutdown of the complete steam piping system. The combined capacity of the electric water heaters should be designed to allow water heating during the electric off-peak hours, avoiding water heating, to the extent possible, during peak hours. I t may be possible to place the electric water heaters on separate metering to take advantage of special rates for energy. Water Storage T a n k s ' DESCRIPTION: On the Fourth Floor, south center area of the building, there are several 5,000 gallon, 8'-0" diameter x 9'-0" high, vertical water storage tanks. These tanks are open, covered temporarily; the interior of the tanks is corroded and they may be regarded as unsanitary. The east tank room contains two such open tanks and the west tank room, three tanks. The tanks are shown on the 1903 Burnham drawings; however, no pumps to serve them are indicated. I t may be reasoned that the tanks were filled from the public water system and regulated by a float valve. They may have served as a reserve in the event the water pressure was low. The outlet pipes, galvanized steel piping, are connected to the fire protection standpipe system. Two horizontal tanks, 6'-0" x 14'-0" long, are located in the Gymnasium, on 140 the Fourth Floor of the West Wing. This room is at a higher elevation than the previous two tank rooms; therefore, water pressure from these units would be somewhat higher. The outlet pipe from the tanks runs to a shaft and disappears from view. These tanks were not indicated on the 1903 design drawings; they looked sound on the exterior except for some r u s t i n g . None of these tanks have any useful purpose in an up-to-date plumbing system. I t was noted on plans prepared by W K R I n c . for the Park Service's Phase I Roof Repairs that removal of the vertical tanks was contemplated, but such removal was not carried out. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: With the updating of the domestic water system, including the use of house pumps (pressure boosters) there will be no application for these tanks. I t is therefore recommended that they be phased out. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Plumbing Fixtures Fire Protection System D E S C R I P T I O N : Plumbing fixture types v a r y from the original models installed during the time of construction of the Historic Building to newer types provided during modifications in later years. The condition of the fixtures and their trim also varies according to their age and the abuse to which they were exposed. The fire protection piping system consists of the following subsystems: The existing water closets in the main floor public toilets are back outlet type with flush v a l v e s . Public toilets on the upper floors are floor outlet type with flush v a l v e s . Private toilets are floor outlet, tank type. The number of reusable fixtures is stated approximately, making allowance for general conditions, discoloration, cracks and age. Additional allowance should be made for breakage in the event the fixtures are to be reused at another location. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: It is anticipated that, functionally, only those fixtures which might remain in place may be suitable for continued service, subject to the architectural treatment of these spaces. The removed units may be junked or sold. The cost of removal, cleaning and repiping of the reusable fixtures might not be economically justified; therefore, it is recommended that new plumbing fixtures be provided, selected for the service and for the proper interior decor and arrangement of the spaces. o o o o o Fire hydrants Wet standpipes Siamese connections Sprinkler system Fire extinguishers Fire Hydrants On the streets surrounding the Union Station Building, fire hydrants are provided on the public water system on F i r s t Street and on Columbus Plaza. In addition, smaller, nominal 4", yard type fire hydrants are installed on the north side of the building. Three such units are provided: one located near the northeast section of the Historic Building in the track area and two located in the open space between the Concourse and the Replacement Station. I t is presumed that these hydrants are connected to the public water system. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: I t is recommended that the local Fire Department be contacted for determination that the location, size, the outlet connection of the y a r d type hydrant and the water pressure meet the current requirements of the Department. Wet Standpipes DESCRIPTION: Wet standpipes of black steel, equipped with 2-1/2" valves having a 1-1/2" threaded outlet for hoses, are provided in certain locations. Two such standpipes were noted on the upper levels of the east 141 �part of the Historic Building and one in the southwest office areas. The standpipes in the east wing are tied into a 4" galvanized steel line running from the storage tanks on the 4th level. This pipe is corroded and has been repaired with pipe saddles at several locations. No samples were taken of this piping system because the numerous repairs had amply demonstrated the poor condition of the galvanized iron pipe. The risers had not been sampled, because of fear of endangering fire safety. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The wet standpipe system will require reorganization in accordance with current codes; therefore, it is recommended that a completely new wet standpipe system be provided. Sprinkler System There are no sprinklers anywhere in the building. RECOMMENDATIONS: I t is recommended that those parts of the Basement that will be used for storage be protected by a properly designed sprinkler system. See the discussion of how sprinklers allow for increased basement parking capacity in the Code Compliance subsection of the Architectural section. Siamese Connections DESCRIPTION: Siamese connections for Fire Department use are at the outside of the Historic Building near the southwest corner and also at the southeast corner. At the southwest corner, two Siamese are provided, one for the Metro system and one for the 142 Historic Building fire protection system. The latter is marked inoperative. During the period of our field investigations on May 2, 1982, the Metro Transit personnel tested the Metro standpipe system by connecting a pumper to one of the Siamese and pumping water in the system. Flooding resulted in the west Tank Room from an open end of one of the pipes, which formed part of the Tank Room piping system. This may have resulted from an unplanned cross-connection between the standpipes for the Metro and the piping for the Historic Building. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The Siamese connections should be reviewed, in cooperation with the local Fire Department, to determine the cause of the leakage. Fire Extinguishers DESCRIPTION: Two types of fire extinguishers were noted: 2-1/2 gallon water, and chemical type extinguishers serving Mechanical Rooms. A number of the former are stored, and some were placed around the floors. CONCLUSIONS: I t is anticipated that at least a portion of the existing fire extinguishers may be reused, provided they are checked carefully and serviced. It is recommended that the number and location of the fire extinguishers be coordinated with the fire hose ( f i r s t aid) locations and arranged in suitable fire hose/fire extinguisher cabinets. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Tables ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Existing Fixtures Existing Required in Future Total Water Closets Public Private Lavatories Public Private Urinals (flush valve) Showers Drinking fountains Water coolers, Electric Service sinks Pot s i n k s , (stainless s t . ) Reusable 100 16 30 10 120 12 77 34 15 17 125 12 50 12 0 0 25 0 6 2 0 3 13 2 6 12 7 2 2 6 In addition, there are a number of abandoned fixtures in the Basement. The above tabulation is based on a future population of 4500 persons. 143 �144 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing Drawings ����ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing John Wilson Inc. T e s t Report ��» M •AC. . A N E 2 0 0 2 8 3 - 1 3 0 0 May 10, 1982 Ewing Cole Cherry Parsky Federal Reserve Bank B u i l d i n g 100 N 6th S t r e e t Independence Mall West P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA 19106 Attention: Mr. John F . G l a s s Re: Subj: < r Union S t a t i o n Mechanical System Survey c Gentlemen: T h i s i s our r e p o r t which i n c l u d e s a marked-up s e t of drawings showing l o c a t i o n of pipe samples (high and low pressure steam, condensate r e t u r n , domestic w a t e r , and r a i n w a t e r downspouts) which we turned over to Ewing Cole Cherry P a r s k y . We a l s o performed run t e s t s on a l l the major mechanical equipment, and below i s a l i s t of our f i n d i n g s : 1) C h i l l e r - S t a r t e d up by a Trane Company r e p r e s e n t a t i v e and a report w i l l be forthcoming from them. 2) Cooling Tower - Was operational but needed c l e a n i n g as about of the nozzles were clogged up. 3) C h i l l e d Water Pumps #1 and #2 and Condenser Water Pump #1 and #2 They a l l check out but suggest s t r a i n e r be cleaned (water treatment system f o r the condenser system has been removed). 4) A i r Handling U n i t s #1 through #10 and C h i l l e d Water C o i l s A l l were o p e r a t i o n a l but i n need of c l e a n f i l t e r s and new d r i v e b e l t s . ( A i r Handling U n i t #8 has a l e a k i n g c h i l l e d water c o i l ) . 5) Return and Exhaust Fans - Operational but i n need o f maintenance o i l and b e l t s , e t c . * 6) Domestic Hot Water H e a t e r , h e a t e r had to be with a l l safeties not be checked - Steam and E l e c t r i c - The e l e c t r i c r e w i r e d but checked out operational: w o r k i n g . The steam heater could no steam a v a i l a b l e . AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER �7) Steam Condensate Return Units - Started jp.. ^umps operational but could not cnec:< if oumps worked as no steam was available. 8) Steam C o i l on A i r Handling U n i t s #1 through #10 - Could not check as no steam a v a i l a b l e but suggest d i r t legs s t r a i n e r and t r a p s be checked. 9) Steam P r e s s u r e Reducing S t a t i o n - Same as Steam C o i l s . 10) Domestic Water Meter ( i n d i c a t e d on marked-up drawings) - T h e i r c o n d i t i o n i s as f o l l o w s : #1. #2. #3. #4. 11) Replaced w i t h spool pieces 4" Repaired by D . C . Meter Department ( D i d Meter galvanized s t e e l p i p e ) New meter i n s t a l l e d . i n 1976 disconnected from w a l l {Small copper system) Old meter from small copper system but s t i l l operational. Temperature Control A i r Compressor - Operational w i t h a l l c o n t r o l s working complete with a i r d r y e r . The e x i s t i n g mechanical systems as a whole a r e o p e r a t i o n a l need of c l e a n i n g , o i l i n g , g r e a s i n g , and maintenance. but i n desperate Very t r u l y y o u r s , J. WILSON, INC. C u r t i s E . Wilson P r o j e c t Manager CEW/mm cc: Turner Construction Company Mr. Michael Smith S-82-4-12 •NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION �ENGINEERING SURVEY Plumbing E.L. Conwell & C o . T e s t Report ��a I*. € O H W E L L & ESTABLISHED E N G I N E E R S 1S94 C H E M I S T S 2 0 2 4 A R C H PHILADELPHIA. (215) Co. I N S P E C T O R S S T R E E T PA. 19103 563-5935 May 2 0 , 1932 Ewing, Cole, C h e r r y , P a r s k y F e d e r a l Reserve Bank B u i l d i n g 100 H. 6th S t r e e t P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA. 19106 Attn: RE: Union S t a t i o n Washington, D.C. Pipe Samples Mr. J a c k G l a s s Gentlemen: The f o l l o w i n g i s a report of metallographic examination of specimens prepared from submitted pipe samples. Examination was performed at 200x magnification. *!. 5" HWC 3SMT Center sample 5 — (May 3 , 82) e x h i b i t s c o r r o s i o n t h a t as a c o r r o s i o n along n c n - m e t a l l i e (manganese s u l f i d e ! i n c l u s i o n s . There: are long c h a i n s o f i n c l u s i o n s f o l l o w e d •.''by: c<ia^&ic>av Although the common r e s i s t a n c e o f the metal: i s s a t isfactory ;i d i s c r e t e areas c l o s e t o one another are dangerous and |l||Ii:!:th|:S: metal should not be used f u r t h e r in s e r v i c e . 2. 1 " Steam r i s e r , sample 2 - 1 (2nd f l o o r w e s t , May k, 32) has some areas w i t h l o c a l c o r r o s i o n , but evidence of contiguous defects can be seen. M i c r o s t r u c t u r e of t h i s metal i s s a t i s f a c t o r y and f u t u r e use i s p e r m i s s i b l e . Incoming Domestic Water, 3SMT. West sample S - 5 ; (May K 32:) has: a l o t of areas:: w i t h c o r r o s i o n d i s t r i b u t e d a t the g r a i n boundaries. !!!i!!!io^ are connected by c r a c k s . M i c r o s t r u c t u r e c f t h i s m e t a l i s therefore: u n s a t i s f a c t o r y and future use i s not r e commended, Mm : k. : v 6" LPS Main BSMT Center sample B-6 (May 5, 32) e x h i b i t s a p i t t i n g type of corrosior. a i l along the w a l l . T h i s type c f c o r r o s i o n i s not s e r i o u s , s i n c e there are not l a r g e areas w i t h e x c e s s i v e surface damage. The me^al i s s a t i s f a c t o r y and future use i s p e r m i s s i b l e . �E . L . C O N W E L L & Co Page 2 May 2 0 , 1982 EWING, COLE, CHEEPvY, PARSKY Attn: RE: Mr. J a c k G l a s s Union S t a t i o n Washington, D . C . 5. 1 0 " LPS BSMT West, Sample B - 7 (May 6 , 82) has a l o t o f o r i g i n a l m e t a l l u r g i c a l defects ( l a m i n a t i o n s ( and c o r r o s i o n has propagated along these d e f e c t s . Future use i s not recommended. 6. 3 / V Condensate R i s e r . Second f l o o r West sample 2-2 (May h, 3 2 ) . The m i c r o s t r u c t u r e c o n s i s t s of equal g r a i n s . . The extent of c o r r o s i o n i s approximately 10% of v a i l t h i c k n e s s which i s t y p i c a l and not dangerous. F u t u r e use i s p e r m i s s i b l e . 7. A l l samples were made from low carbon s t e e l . Photomicrographs have been r e t a i n e d i n our f i l e s . Respectfully submitted, E . L . CONWELL & CO. WEC/js c c : U-Mr. Pradeep P a t e l *N0T APPLICABLE TO THIS SECTION �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Electrical INTRODUCTION Physical Survey Methodology INCOMING S E R V I C E / M A I N S W I T C H G E A R ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION 1500 k V A S u b s t a t i o n 1000-1333 k V A S u b s t a t i o n 750 k V A S u b s t a t i o n T e m p o r a r y Removal of R a i l r o a d Loads LIGHTING RESTORATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DRAWINGS Lighting Fixtures Basement F i r s t Floor Existing One-Line Drawing Proposed One-Line Drawing Main S w i t c h g e a r L - l Main S w i t c h g e a r L - 2 Switchgear Pictorial TEST REPORTS Engineering Evaluation - MET Electrical Testing C o . , I n c . R e p o r t of Maintenance a n d Testing Switchgear General Inspection R e p o r t of T h e r m o v i s i o n a n d Ultra-Sonic Inspections High Voltage A i r Switches High Voltage A i r C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s (Main S u b s t a t i o n ) Transformers Protective Relays 15 k V C a b l e s ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Introduction When the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g of Union Station was r e n o v a t e d and reopened to the public as " T h e National V i s i t o r C e n t e r " , a separate e l e c t r i c a l s e r v i c e was i n s t a l l e d to disassociate the N V C from the Washington T e r m i n a l Company. A new d i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m was also added to s e r v i c e the e x i s t i n g secondary equipment as well as new equipment for the N V C ' s f u n c t i o n s . Coinciding w i t h the renovation of the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g were projects for a Replacement Station housing Amtrak's passenger r a i l f a c i l i t i e s , a P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y for passenger and visitor p a r k i n g , and a Metro b u s deck contained w i t h i n the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y . A l t h o u g h these were begun u n d e r separate c o n t r a c t s , the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y was joined to the N V C e l e c t r i c a l s e r v i c e a n d the Replacement Station was joined to the W.T.C. electric s e r v i c e . T h e N V C and the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y , h o w e v e r , were placed on i n d i v i d u a l r e v e n u e metering systems b y the Potomac E l e c t r i c Power C o . (PEPCO). I n 1978, the N V C was c l o s e d , a n d , although the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g was u s e d as a p e d e s t r i a n l i n k from Columbus Plaza at i t s south e n t r a n c e to the r a i l r o a d station p a s s e n g e r s e r v i c e s on i t s n o r t h s i d e , a majority of the elect r i c a l loads, p a r t i c u l a r l y those of the N V C e x h i b i t spaces were s h u t down. T h r e e y e a r s later the entire b u i l d i n g was closed to the p u b l i c . O v e r the s i x y e a r s since the N V C began operations, v e r y little maintenance has been performed on the e l e c t r i c a l equipment as attested to b y the National P a r k S e r v i c e and the W . T . C . Due to the r e d u c e d maintenance and water damage, considerable deterioration was permitted to occur on most of the older, secondary equipment i n the Basement. Accumulation of d i r t and d u s t over t h i s period has become a serious t h r e a t to safe operation of the newer equipment, especially the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y s u b s t a t i o n located adjacent to T r a c k 16 n o r t h of the Replacement Station. The l a c k of maintenance e x h i b i t e d at the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g has produced a hazardous situation t h r o u g h out the b u i l d i n g w h i c h demands prompt attention i n order to s e c u r e the i n t e r e s t s of the Government (see "Recommendations and Priorities" for urgent repairs). F u t u r e plans for the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g could include r e u s e of some of the e x i s t i n g p r i m a r y e l e c t r i c a l equipment, b u t would also r e q u i r e installation of additional equipment to accommodate f u t u r e loads. B e c a u s e most of the older e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m s , equipment, and installation methods are i n violation of c u r r e n t e l e c t r i c and f i r e codes, a n d because t h e y a r e considered obsolete or harmful ( i n the case of oil-filled PCB transformers and transfer s w i t c h e s ) , t h e y should be removed. Installation of a completely new secondary and branch distribution system would likely be necessary throughout the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , w i t h the exception of the N V C ' s new equipment and the h i s t o r i c a l l y s i g n i f i c a n t l i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s designed b y Daniel H . B u r n h a m i n 1907. P h y s i c a l S u r v e y Methodology I n order to e s t a b l i s h a c c u r a t e l y the condition of the e x i s t i n g equipment, anticipating potential reuse in any f u t u r e development, i t was n e c e s s a r y to test performance capabilities and 145 �Incoming Service operational capacities w i t h p a r t i c u l a r r e f e r e n c e and r e g a r d to m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . Since disconnecting the incoming s e r v i c e would be n e c e s s a r y , an i n v e s t i g a t i o n .was conducted to determine any adverse effects to facilities c u r r e n t l y i n u s e a n d d r a w i n g power from the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g , b u t not documented as connected. Reference to a similar p r e v i o u s i n v e s t i gation prepared b y the Howard P . Foley C o . ( F e b r u a r y 1 3 , 1975) showed t h a t a considerable amount of the remaining Historic Building electric power load was s t i l l being expended on W . T . C . r a i l r o a d facilities i n and a r o u n d the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . (Although a proposed scope of w o r k was p r e p a r e d b y the Howard P . Foley C o . for removal of these loads i n 1975, the plan was never carried out.) B e c a u s e of the age, condition, methods of i n s t a l l a t i o n , a n d i n c r e a s e d potential harmfulness of the e x i s t i n g s e c o n d a r y equipment, i t i s not recommended for reuse in any future development. Therefore, testing and investigations were concentrated on the n e w e r , N V C equipment i n s t a l l e d from 1975 to 1976. C o n s i s t e n t w i t h the plans for r e s t o r a t i o n of Burnham's public interior and exterior f e a t u r e s was the need to survey completely the e x i s t e n c e of original light f i x t u r e s . Consideration was g i v e n to the q u a l i t y of l i g h t t h a t B u r n h a m had created w i t h the i n t r o d u c tion of n a t u r a l l i g h t i n the i n t e r i o r spaces t h r o u g h the u s e of s k y l i g h t s and c l e r e s t o r i e s . 146 HISTORY: P r i o r to c o n s t r u c t i o n of the National V i s i t o r C e n t e r project, the Historic Building received electric power from the Washington T e r m i n a l Company S u b s t a t i o n No. 1 located n o r t h of the station and east of 1st Street. Two 2400 V . feeders ( M l and M2) extended south, entering the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g Basement n o r t h w a l l below the Concourse and i n t e r c e p t i n g a j u n c t i o n box i n the n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r of the Basement near l i f t No. 15. From the j u n c t i o n box the feeders extended east and south to v a r i o u s transformer vaults throughout the Basement. I n 1975, a s e p a r a t e , dual 13.2 k V u n d e r g r o u n d s e r v i c e was extended b y P E P C O down 1st S t r e e t to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g where i t entered the floor slab of the Basement i n the extreme northwest corner. A n e l e c t r i c a l room was c o n s t r u c t e d t h e r e for the new medium voltage switchgear. The e x i s t i n g feeders were removed from the j u n c t i o n box back to Substation No. 1 , effectively disconnecting the W . T . C . and the N V C . T h e new s e r v i c e c o n s i s t s of two 15 k V u t i l i t y lines ( P E P C O feeders No. 14056 and No. 14099). DESCRIPTION: T h e main s w i t c h g e a r c o n s i s t s of s e v e n u n i t s i n c l u d i n g main s e r v i c e disconnect s w i t c h e s and u t i l i t y metering. R e f e r to main s w i t c h g e a r p i c t o r i a l diagram. Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 - P E P C O Metering #1 Incoming S w i t c h #1 Incoming B r e a k e r #1 Tie Breaker Incoming B r e a k e r #2 Incoming S w i t c h #2 P E P C O Metering #2 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical T h e incoming lines enter u n i t s 2 a n d 6 from a cable t r a y above. T h e s e u n i t s each contain a 15 k V , 600 A . u n f u s e d line disconnect s w i t c h w h i c h , when opened, effectively disconnects the power company service from that feeder. From these s w i t c h e s , i n t e r n a l b u s w o r k e x t e n d s to u n i t s 3 a n d 5 respectively. T h e s e u n i t s each contain a 15 k V , 1200 A . c i r c u i t b r e a k e r a n d a s s o r t e d r e l a y s . T h e two b r e a k e r s a r e connected b y a 15 k V normally-open tie b r e a k e r ( U n i t 4 ) designed to close automatically should a "power l o s s " o c c u r on either s e r v i c e f e e d e r , t h e r e b y a s s u r i n g t h a t both load feeders a r e fed at a l l times. U n d e r normal operation, line No. 1 feeds the N V C and line No. 2 feeds the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y . Junction box near old Lift No. 15. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: Visual observation r e v e a l e d t h a t a t r a n s f e r had t a k e n place, opening the b r e a k e r on line No. 2 a n d closing the tie breaker. T h e normal position of the t h r e e b r e a k e r s a c c o r d i n g to the m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s equipment shop d r a w i n g s i s : Normal Operation B r e a k e r - 52L1 B r e a k e r - 52L2 Breaker - 52BT - of Station Closed Closed Open I t i s not known what e v e n t , automatic or m a n u a l , caused the t r i p of the breakers to achieve the present positions: Present Breaker Breaker Breaker Main s w i t c h g e a r in center. lineup w i t h breakers Position of Station - 5 2 L 1 - Closed - 52L2 - Open - 5 2 B T - Closed I t was noted at t h i s time t h a t the i n d i c a t i n g l i g h t s on the main s w i t c h g e a r 147 �were not f u n c t i o n i n g . Also, a hand w r i t t e n note on the face of the voltage r e l a y i n U n i t 6 stated t h a t the u n d e r voltage ( U / V ) t a r g e t flag would not reset. PHYSICAL SURVEY: Information from P E P C O has disclosed that the two incoming f e e d e r s a r e energized and carrying loads and t h a t t h e y are owned b y the power company, t h u s eliminating them from any testing procedures. Examination of the D . C . b a t t e r y set on the relay control circuit revealed considerable corrosion to the b a t t e r y cells a n d no measurable voltage a c r o s s the c i r c u i t . I n s p e c t i o n of the A . C . c i r c u i t to the b a t t e r y c h a r g e r showed t h a t i t had been c u t at the panel circuit breaker. T h i s was immediately r e p a i r e d a n d the b a t t e r i e s began to charge s l o w l y , b u t did not charge s u f f i c i e n t l y to approach the voltage r e q u i r e d (48 V . D . C . ) to operate the s w i t c h g e a r automatically. I t was noted b y M E T E l e c t r i c a l T e s t i n g Company, I n c . ( M E T ) p r i o r to the t e s t s t h a t the c h a r g e r u n i t was d e f e c t i v e . T h e f a i l u r e of the b a t t e r i e s p r e v e n t s a n y t r i p p i n g a n d closing of b r e a k e r s a n d automatic t r a n s f e r r i n g of loads. T h i s is a v e r y s e r i o u s a n d unsafe situation since a f a u l t at one of the s u b s t a t i o n s or a power s u r g e from the power company could lead to s e r i o u s damage, fire or explosion. Upon d i s c o v e r y , the s u r v e y team, v e r b a l l y and b y l e t t e r , called t h i s condition to the attention of both the F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d A d m i n i s t r a t i o n and the National Park Service. 148 I n v e s t i g a t i o n of the protective r e l a y s disclosed t h a t the t a r g e t coils of the u n d e r voltage ( U / V ) r e l a y s 2 7 - 5 9 - 1 and 27-59-2 are b u r n e d out, most likely due to excessive current. C o n s e q u e n t l y the flags w i l l not drop to the r e s e t position. However, this, a c c o r d i n g to M E T , w i l l not affect the functional operation of the automatic t r a n s f e r scheme. T E S T D E S C R I P T I O N S AND R E S U L T S : The main switchgear was tested i n t e r n a l l y and e x t e r n a l l y to determine if i t met safety s t a n d a r d s and manufact u r e r ' s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s . A l i s t of specific t e s t s and r e s u l t s can be found at the end of the e l e c t r i c a l d i s c u s s i o n . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the evidence collected and the test r e s u l t s obtained from M E T , i t i s the opinion of the s u r v e y team t h a t the main e l e c t r i c a l switchgear is in good operational condition a n d should be considered for r e u s e i n f u t u r e development w i t h few r e p a i r s or c h a n g e s . No changes are n e c e s s a r y to the P E P C O s e r v i c e at t h i s time. o F o r safety r e a s o n s , i t i s u r g e n t that the b a t t e r y set, charger u n i t , and A . C . c i r c u i t d e s c r i b e d above be replaced a c c o r d i n g to m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s specification. o T h e Powercon C o r p . should be consulted for recommendations for r e p a i r s to the r e l a y s i n both main c i r c u i t s i n the main s w i t c h g e a r . o All indicating replaced. lamps should be �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Electrical Distribution HISTORY: I n the period before the N V C , t h e H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g was powered entirely from M l a n d M2, p a r a l l e l f e e d e r s , each c o n s i s t i n g of s i x ( 6 ) 250 MCM v a r n i s h e d cambric cables ( 2 / 0 ) . T h i s s y s t e m s t i l l e x i s t s beyond the junction b o x mentioned i n the p r e v i o u s d i s c u s s i o n . T h e feeders r u n east from the j u n c t i o n b o x , p a r a l l e l to the n o r t h wall i n the Concourse Basement to T r a n s f o r m e r V a u l t #6. Separate cables e x t e n d feeders from M l a n d M2 t h r o u g h fused cutout s w i t c h e s to i n d i v i d u a l transfer switches in transformer v a u l t s . V a u l t s #10 a n d #17 a r e fed from the W . T . C . Substation No. 1 . T h e b u i l d i n g loads associated with the original t r a n s f o r m e r v a u l t s a r e p r e s e n t l y fed from feeder M l ; feeder M2 i s u s e d as an emergency feeder. I n 1975, when the new s e r v i c e w a s i n s t a l l e d , t h r e e ( 3 ) s u b s t a t i o n s were added to the d i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m , each containing d r y - t y p e step down t r a n s formers as r e q u i r e d . Main s w i t c h g e a r a n d cable c a r r y i n g incoming l i n e s . tray above A 1500 k V A u n i t s u b s t a t i o n was added to t r a n s f o r m the voltage from 13,200 V . p r i m a r y to 2400 V . secondary a n d to feed the e x i s t i n g t r a n s f o r m e r s ; a 750 k V A s u b s t a t i o n was added to handle the new a i r conditioning equipment i n the N . V . C . ; a n d , a 1000-1333 k V A s u b s t a t i o n w a s added to s e r v e the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y project s h o r t l y t h e r e a f t e r a n d w a s connected to the N . V . C . service. DESCRIPTION: T h e two new s u b s t a tions i n the N V C a r e fed from b r e a k e r 52L1 i n the main s w i t c h g e a r . The P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y s u b s t a t i o n i s fed from breaker 52L2. 149 �1500 k V A Substation T h e substation consists of one 15 k V medium voltage fused s w i t c h , a 1500 k V A d r y type transformer (13.2 k V delta p r i m a r y - 2400 V . wye s e c o n d a r y ) , and two 5 k V medium voltage fused load b r e a k disconnect switches ( f o r M l and M 2 ) . From the two load s w i t c h e s , parallel 5 k V feeders e x t e n d to the junction box w h e r e the original s e r v i c e feeders were c u t a n d the new cables were spliced to the older M l and M2 cables. 1500 k V A substation in Main D i s t r i b u t i o n Room 1000-1333 k V A Substation T h e substation c o n s i s t s of a 15 k V medium v o l t a g e , non-load b r e a k , fused disconnect s w i t c h , a 1000-1333 (FA) k V A d r y type transformer (13.2 k V delta primary 480/277 V. wye s e c o n d a r y , and a secondary d i s t r i b u t i o n switchboard for P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y power and l i g h t i n g . A 15 k V feeder e x t e n d s from the main electrical s e r v i c e room east to a junction box at the W . T . C . access t u n n e l i n the n o r t h wall of the Basement. From the j u n c t i o n box the feeder e x t e n d s n o r t h to a manhole j u s t south of the P a r k i n g F a c i l i t y south w a l l , then east to a second manhole, and f i n a l l y , n o r t h to the s u b s t a t i o n location between T r a c k s 15 and 16 n o r t h of the Replacement S t a t i o n . D i s t r i b u t i o n switchboard US-3 ( P . F . ) on Substation 150 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical 750 k V A Substation T h e s u b s t a t i o n consists of a 15 k V medium voltage fused s w i t c h , a 750 k V A d r y t y p e t r a n s f o r m e r (13.2 k V delta p r i m a r y - 480/277 V . wye s e c o n d a r y ) , and a motor control center for new a i r conditioning equipment. A 15 kV feeder extends from the main electrical s e r v i c e room east to the junction box at the W . T . C . access t u n n e l , then east and south to the substation location i n the Basement Mechanical Room u n d e r the south portico of the Historic Building. J u n c t i o n box at W . T . C . a c c e s s t u n n e l entrance w i t h 13.2 k V feeders for Substation U S - 3 ( P . F . ) a n d N V C - A / C . Substation NVC-A/C Mechanical Room in Basement 151 �PRELIMINARY FINDINGS: No outs t a n d i n g o b s e r v a t i o n s were documented on the three substations prior to testing but several assertions were made by MET concerning incorrect placement or loading of the equipment. T h e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y s u b s t a t i o n was c o n s t r u c t e d for indoor u s e b u t i s located outside the replacement station unprotected. The air conditioning s u b s t a t i o n a p p e a r s to be unbalanced due to improper single phase loading c o n t r i b u t i n g to a o v e r h e a t i n g of the n e u t r a l s t r a p from the t r a n s f o r m e r to the motor control c e n t e r . PHYSICAL SURVEY: The three substations were tested to determine if t h e y are s t i l l i n accordance w i t h the manufacturer's specifications and safety s t a n d a r d s . A l i s t of specific t e s t s a n d r e s u l t s can be found at the end of the e l e c t r i c a l d i s c u s s i o n . T e m p o r a r y Removal of R a i l r o a d Loads T h e Howard P . Foley C o . was retained as consultant a n d contractor to tempor a r i l y remove a n d relocate the W . T . C . e l e c t r i c loads from the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g system before testing. After full i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the facilities to be affected ( d u r i n g w h i c h time collaboration w i t h the W . T . C . produced s i g n i f i c a n t i n s i g h t into the complex r e l a t i o n s h i p s between the r a i l r o a d facilities a n d the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g ) , a scope of w o r k was developed b y the Foley C o . for the removal and relocation w o r k . The following i s a l i s t of the loads affected and actions t a k e n . were CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: B a s e d on the t e s t r e s u l t s , i t is concluded t h a t the t h r e e s u b s t a t i o n s a r e i n good condition a n d can be r e u s e d as r e q u i r e d w i t h few c h a n g e s . o Replace the n e u t r a l s t r a p on the N V C - A / C s u b s t a t i o n a n d rebalance loads. o Two elevators for handicapped p e r s o n s from low level t r a c k s to u p p e r l e v e l , w i t h a f u l l load of 60 amps, fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #9 - t r a n s f e r r e d to V a u l t #10. o Long-haul tunnel lights, with a full load of 100 amps fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #4, relocated to V a u l t #17, ( W . T . C . s e r v i c e from Substation No. 1 ) . o " A " s i g n a l tower l i g h t s and P . A . s y s t e m , fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #4, 20 amps, relocated to V a u l t #17. Telephone Equipment Room near Track 2 1 , 40 amps, fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #6, t r a n s f e r r e d to V a u l t #17. Remove the enclosure of the P . F . substation and refit with weatherproof e n c l o s u r e s . o Two escalators from low level t r a c k s to upper l e v e l , w i t h a f u l l load of 60 amps, fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #9 - t r a n s f e r r e d to V a u l t #10, ( W . T . C . s e r v i c e from Substation No. 1 ) . o After t e s t i n g , the s u b s t a t i o n s cleaned thoroughly i n s i d e . o 152 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Lighting Restoration o L o c k e r Rooms at T r a c k 2 1 , 30 amps from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #6, t r a n s f e r r e d to V a u l t #17. o Gate " L " l i g h t s from low level t r a c k s to u p p e r l e v e l , 30 amps fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #2, relocated to V a u l t #17. " o E s c a l a t o r l i g h t s at T r a c k s 21 and 26, fed from H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g V a u l t #6, 20 amps, relocated to V a u l t #17. o 120/208 V . , 125 amp panel i n Historic B u i l d i n g main service d i s t r i b u t i o n room, fed from t r a n s former behind f a s t food r e s t a u r a n t basement, t r a n s f e r r e d to V a u l t #17 for temporary continuation of lighting in Switchgear Room during shutdown. o U . S . Postal S e r v i c e office fed from 120/208 V . panel i n main s e r v i c e d i s t r i b u t i o n room, relocated to V a u l t #17. T h e s e loads were temporarily fed from new s o u r c e s d u r i n g a shutdown of approximately s i x ( 6 ) h o u r s of t e s t i n g , after w h i c h t h e y were r e s t o r e d to t h e i r o r i g i n a l s o u r c e s i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . Daniel H . B u r n h a m ' s o r i g i n a l design r e l i e d h e a v i l y on the effects of n a t u r a l l i g h t i n t r o d u c e d to the large spaces t h r o u g h the use of s k y l i g h t s and both large and small c l e r e s t o r y windows. T h e l i g h t was reflected off the polished s u r f a c e floors and t h r o w n back to the v a u l t e d ceilings p r o d u c i n g a s u b d u e d light throughout the spaces. At n i g h t , B u r n h a m r e c r e a t e d those effects by backlighting the skylights or mounting f i x t u r e s at a lower l e v e l to throw l i g h t a c r o s s the v a u l t ceiling producing a slightly subdued light w h i c h had d a y l i g h t ' s n a t u r a l , warm character. T h e consistent n a t u r e of the l i g h t was p a r t i c u l a r l y important and close attention was g i v e n to the number and placement of lighting f i x t u r e s so as not to produce shadows or s t r e a k s at the c e i l i n g . T h e f i x t u r e s were also well concealed - not to be seen from the floor. MAIN H A L L : Although located i n the center of the station b u i l d i n g , the Main Hall i s supplied w i t h abundant natural light through arched clerestory windows on i t s n o r t h and south sides and a l a r g e r a r c h e d c l e r e s t o r y window at the east e n d . I t also r e c e i v e d secondary n a t u r a l l i g h t from the v a u l t e d glass roof of the West H a l l . T h e effect was planned to be matched at n i g h t w i t h a r t i f i c i a l l i g h t s o u r c e s . For this, Burnham provided alcoves above the n o r t h and south v e s t i b u l e s a n d , b e h i n d a p a r a p e t , placed b a n k s of f i x t u r e s below the s e m i - c i r c u l a r c l e r e s t o r y w i n d o w s . T h i s made up the l i g h t lost from the windows at n i g h t and shone up a c r o s s the vaulted ceiling. F i x t u r e s were also placed above the colonnades at the east and west ends to make up the light lost from the large east window and the 153 �glass roof of the West H a l l . Additional l i g h t was p r o v i d e d by p l a c i n g f i x t u r e s in the ceilings of the colonnades and vestibules. Despite y e a r s of c h a n g e , the b a s i c idea of B u r n h a m ' s design has remained. T h e alcove l i g h t i n g has been u p g r a d e d , b u t the u p p e r colonnade f i x t u r e s h a v e been removed ( n e w e r conduit a n d l i g h t sockets of a later adaptation r e m a i n ) . E x h a u s t fans were placed i n the n o r t h windows, decreasing the amount of n a t u r a l l i g h t e n t e r i n g the room. They are c l e a r l y v i s i b l e from the floor, making them u n d e s i r a b l e i n a r e s t o r a t i o n plan. Many of the f i x t u r e s a n d the decorative plates i n the ceilings of the colonnades and vestibules have remained; however, the gem lamps have been replaced w i t h q u a r t z lamps and the holophane glass globes removed. Much of the b r a s s t r i m framing these f i x t u r e s i s also m i s s i n g . South windows of Main Hall R e l i g h t i n g the Main Hall to c a p t u r e the n a t u r a l , warm d a y l i g h t effect B u r n h a m d e s i r e d w i l l r e q u i r e u s i n g a l l of the o r i g i n a l locations for l i g h t s o u r c e s a n d r e f u r b i s h i n g those l i g h t f i x t u r e s w h i c h remain i n whole or i n p a r t . WEST H A L L : A glass roof o v e r the entire space supplies the " t i c k e t l o b b y " with natural light. T h i s made n i g h t l i g h t i n g more challenging since a n y l i g h t s h i n i n g up at the ceiling would be lost t h r o u g h the g l a s s . Burnham chose another approach a n d , i n the c a v i t y created b y a roof t r u s s , s u s pended fixtures vertically shining down t h r o u g h the glass to r e c r e a t e the effect of the n a t u r a l l i g h t from above. Special r e f l e c t o r s were n e c e s s a r y to f i t the contour of the c u r v e d roof. 154 Main Hall B a l c o n y South V e s t i b u l e . in Alcove above �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical None of these f i x t u r e s e x i s t s today, although much of the conduit and w i r i n g of o r i g i n a l and later l i g h t i n g schemes does. T h i s l i g h t i n g should c e r t a i n l y be replaced and a new scheme designed to restore the Burnham impression. D I N I N G ROOM: T h e location of the D i n i n g Room ( E a s t H a l l ) p r e v e n t e d a n y n a t u r a l l i g h t i n g from the sides except from c l e r e s t o r y windows. The roof was therefore designed w i t h a sawtooth s k y l i g h t c o n s t r u c t i o n w i t h the n o r t h side glazed. T h e treatment of the flat ceiling for d i f f u s i n g the light c a p t u r e d in the roof s t r u c t u r e i n v o l v e d a coffered detail i n metal and g l a s s . Glass roof Lobby" over West Hall "Ticket T r u s s roof c a v i t y over West Hall T h e a r t i f i c i a l l i g h t i n g scheme for the D i n i n g Room i n v o l v e d two s y s t e m s . I n the first system, eight ornamental chandeliers h u n g from the ceiling at the i n t e r s e c t i o n s of the ceiling "beams" and twelve b r a c k e t c h a n d e l i e r s h u n g between double columns on the w a l l s . T h i s d i r e c t system illuminated the floor and table a r e a . F i x t u r e s were also placed i n the ceilings of the n o r t h and south alcoves w i t h hemispherical holophane globes. In addition, floor outlets were p r o v i d e d for table lamps. T h e second s y s t e m i n v o l v e d i n d i r e c t l i g h t i n g i n the roof s t r u c t u r e to i l l u minate the s k y l i g h t from above. These f i x t u r e s were suspended on movable cables for easy maintenance. T h e u r n s and c h a n d e l i e r s were removed and r e c e s s e d f i x t u r e s placed i n the ceiling locations. T h e s k y l i g h t f i x t u r e s were also removed from the roof c a v i t y and cove l i g h t i n g added to the cornice on all four s i d e s . A n y of these f i x t u r e s that are located should be r e s t o r e d and r e f i t t e d w i t h new lamD s v s t e m s . �LUNCHROOM: T h e o r i g i n a l Lunchroom r e c e i v e d n a t u r a l l i g h t from c l e r e s t o r y windows a n d windows to the C o n c o u r s e . I t s a r t i f i c i a l l i g h t consisted of s i x hanging c h a n d e l i e r s a n d s i x ceiling f i x t u r e s i n the n o r t h a l c o v e s . T h e space was c o n v e r t e d to two t h e a t e r s for the N V C , at w h i c h time the c l e r e s t o r y window openings were closed w i t h brick and the chandeliers were removed. R e s t o r a t i o n of the space can be completed i f any of these f i x t u r e s a r e located; otherwise, the effect that B u r n h a m a c h i e v e d w i l l be l o s t . THE WOMEN'S LOUNGE AND THE MEN'S SMOKING ROOM: T h e s e spaces face the open portico on the f r o n t of the station a n d have large windows to provide natural light. They were a r t i f i c i a l l y lighted b y ornamental h a n g i n g c h a n d e l i e r s and wall b r a c k e t c h a n d e l i e r s , a l l of solid b r o n z e . East Hall. S k y l i g h t s a n d columns. A l t h o u g h the a r c h i t e c t u r e h a s not been changed significantly, no fixtures remain today. PRESIDENTIAL SUITE: east portico, t h i s room i s w i t h n a t u r a l l i g h t from c i r c u l a r windows o v e r the portico. Facing the well s u p p l i e d large semidoors to the T h e artificial light is supplied by concealed and exposed methods. T h r e e large chandeliers h a n g from the ceiling and eight ornamental wall b r a c k e t f i x t u r e s topped b y holophane globes decorate the w a l l s . Additional l i g h t at the ceiling i s p r o v i d e d b y cove l i g h t i n g i n the cornice at the s p r i n g line of the v a u l t e d c e i l i n g . 156 Saw-tooth roof c a v i t y over E a s t H a l l . Light fixtures were suspended on cables i n these spaces for n i g h t l i g h t i n g . �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical A l l f i x t u r e s i n the State Reception Room are e x i s t i n g and h a v e been recently restored. They do need cleaning and minor r e p a i r w o r k . CONCOURSE: B u r n h a m designed t h i s space to be l i t n a t u r a l l y b y s k y l i g h t s and b y s u s p e n d e d globes at n i g h t . Two rows of s k y l i g h t s e x t e n d the length of the v a u l t e d roof s t r u c t u r e and large windows at each end admit considerably more l i g h t t h a n n e c e s s a r y due to the change i n the a r c h i t e c t u r e for the N V C . re- state Reception Room (Presidential Suite) with existing original f i x t u r e s . T h e u p p e r s k y l i g h t glass i n the t r u s s s t r u c t u r e has been roofed o v e r cons i d e r a b l y negating the n a t u r a l light effect, except for t h a t w h i c h comes i n t h r o u g h the monitor. The original globes have been replaced w i t h a somewhat less a t t r a c t i v e adaptation, and the once open n o r t h w a l l , w h i c h p r o v i d e d some l i g h t i n g from the p l a t forms has been filled i n w i t h new construction. T h e b e s t way to achieve B u r n h a m ' s original intent would be to remove the roofing from the former s k y l i g h t opening and reglaze the entire light s o u r c e . Night l i g h t i n g would be achieved b y providing new light fixtures with r e f l e c t o r s i n the t r u s s space s h i n i n g down t h r o u g h the lower glass p a n e l s . Concourse ceiling w i t h s k y l i g h t s PORTICOS: The south (or front) portico w i t h the main entrance as the centerpiece and a r c a d e s e x t e n d i n g to the east a n d w e s t , the C a r r i a g e P o r c h ( w e s t portico) w i t h i t s west station e n t r a n c e , the State entrance portico, and the east portico, are all a r t i f i c i a l l y lit by bronze ornamental bracket c h a n d e l i e r s on the face of the p i e r s forming the sides of the p o r t i c o s ; and by ceiling mounted f i x t u r e s i n the 157 �domes o v e r the portico, state entrance. main e n t r a n c e , entrance and east west Most of these f i x t u r e s are e x i s t i n g a n d most of them are i n good condition. H o w e v e r , the lamps have been changed to q u a r t z t y p e w h i c h has caused the globes i n many f i x t u r e s to deform due to o v e r h e a t i n g . I t i s recommended to r e w i r e a n d relamp the f i x t u r e s w i t h an a l t e r n a t i v e s y s t e m , replace the globes and clean and polish all existing fixtures. VESTIBULES: T h e v e s t i b u l e s on the n o r t h and south sides of the Main Hall are lighted b y ornate b r a s s ceiling f i x t u r e s attached to the granite p a n e l s . Q u a r t z - t y p e lamps have been u s e d for replacement and the glass globes appear to be missing from e a c h . E x t e r i o r ceiling mounted fixture in dome of South Portico - glass i s b r o k e n . 158 Ornamental bracket exterior pier. chandelier Exterior bracket fixture wall. Bottom glass globe exposing q u a r t z lamp. on on c u r v e d is missing, �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Building Management Sys. DESCRIPTION: I n 1976 nine ( 9 ) a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s were installed to s e r v e the N V C . A t t h a t time a smoke detection system was i n s t a l l e d i n conjunction w i t h the a i r h a n d l i n g s y s t e m . T h i s i s the only f i r e alarm s y s t e m i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g at the p r e s e n t time. C e i l i n g i n North V e s t i b u l e CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDAT I O N S : I n o r d e r for the b u i l d i n g to be i n accordance w i t h the latest national and local codes a n d to s a f e g u a r d the Historic Building against fire and v a n d a l i s m , a computer-based building management s y s t e m should be utilized for f i r e protection, s e c u r i t y , equipment operation, energy management and manpower u t i l i z a t i o n . T h i s would allow the b u i l d i n g to be operated from one centralized location and r e c e i v e data from v a r i o u s points throughout the building, reporting emergency and alarm conditions 24 h o u r s a d a y , w i t h minimal manpower r e q u i r e m e n t s . C e i l i n g i n South V e s t i b u l e 159 �160 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical Drawings ��Fixture Drawings 3 i n State Reception Room E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 12 - 50 watt a n d 6 - 100 watt lamps. F i x t u r e No. 250 8 i n State Reception Room E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 4 - 5 0 w a t t gem lamps. F i x t u r e No. 257 161 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical 5 i n Domes of E a s t Portico 2 i n Domes of South Portico 1 i n B a r r e l V a u l t of West Portico E n t r a n c e to West Hall E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 6 - 100 watt gem lamps. F i x t u r e No. 251 3 i n Domes of South Portico 1 i n Dome of State E n t r a n c e E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 6 - 100 watt gem lamps. F i x t u r e No. 252 4 i n West Colonnade 21 i n E a s t Colonnade 54 i n South V e s t i b u l e s 120 i n North V e s t i b u l e s E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 1 - 1 6 c/p incandescent lamp. F i x t u r e No. 258, 259 162 �12 i n State E n t r a n c e 36 i n West Portico 20 i n South Portico 8 f i x t u r e s i n South Portico to h a v e : 6 - 125 w a t t and 1 - 187 watt gem lamps. 60 f i x t u r e s i n other locations to h a v e : 2 - 100 w a t t gem lamps. F i x t u r e No. 253 55 i n E a s t and South Porticos E a c h f i x t u r e to h a v e : 3 - 100 w a t t gem lamps. 1 F i x t u r e No. 254 163 �164 ��������ENGINEERING SURVEY Electrical MET T e s t Report ��r /MET B J C T R C 4 L TESTNG CO/MMNY, N C iS3UEDTa Union PROJECT: DESCRIPTION: R E P O R T NO 5-11-82 441M-82 Station Washington, D.C. Perform maintenance and t e s t i n g as per the e n c l o s e d Union S t a t i o n , Washington, D.C. E N G I N E E R I N G EVALUATION: Tte*» 'oowrt W H I M DATE Of R E P O R T T u r n e r C o n s t r u c t i o n Co. 1725 K S t r e e t N.W. Washington, D . c ! 20006 Please see l i s t at attached. fMC Tteo t/imm o o j u l p w w u t H o o b M N I—tool M* • »*tte P M O V ^ I « 4 s t a n d a r d * , or for u l « u w hi • ipoclftod m i m w , o# fan o c c o r d o w c o write Ffelvrai, Stai« or M w o t c i p o J m u M i « H . T I M report k K c u M i fttftd tru* to tteo boot of «*r tonliil|i o * d aiHnf. Ait • q u i p m o r H u o o e .« mifelfi| oteyofacsl dotonwfanottor** to o c c u r s * * M%0 b o o r * H C I M a n d direct I r o c o o b M t y «o tteo H i t Tteo o v o K i o t W M O porforoood o r * 1* *eeo*dar*co wMte tteo l o o m *o# tteo p r o * M o o o4 Pvofooooonoi twtfwaariiojj ~ tteo otatoo of Mory«o*«di Vtro>*to. orwj M E T E L E C T R I C A L T E S T I N G COMPANY, INC. Addison L . Boyce . 9 1 6 W E S T PATAPSCO A V E N U E • BALTIMORE. MARYLAND 2 1 2 3 0 • PHONE ( 3 0 1 ) 354-2200 IS �ENGINEERING EVALUATION The t e s t d a t a o b t a i n e d from t h e t e s t i n g and m a i n t e n a n c e p e r f o r m e d a t t h e U n i o n S t a t i o n , W a s h i n g t o n D . C . was g i v e n an Engineering Evaluation. The p u r p o s e of t h i s e v a l u a t i o n i s to determine whether the tested/serviced devices are operating safely, dependably, and w i t h i n m a n u f a c t u r e r s p u b l i s h e d t o l e r a n c e s . G e n e r a l l y t h e equipment a t t h e s u b j e c t l o c a t i o n i s i n s a t i s f a c t o r y c o n d i t i o n w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e Main S u b s t a t i o n b a t t e r i e s and b a t t e r y c h a r g e r . On t h e f i n a l d a y o f t e s t i n g ( S u n d a y , May 2 n d , 1 9 8 2 ) t h e batteries i n t h e Main S u b s t a t i o n w e r e found d i s c h a r g e d and the battery charger de—activated. I t was d e t e r m i n e d t h a t the battery charger had an internal short c i r c u i t . Apparently the f u s e s i n the b a t t e r y charger were r e p l a c e d several times, each t i m e opening b e c a u s e of t h e s h o r t circuit i n t h e c h a r g e r . The c h a r g e r was found w i t h o u t l i n e (AC input) side fuses in i t . The d e m o n s t r a t i o n of t h e automatic operation of t h e Main S u b s t a t i o n s w i t c h g e a r , s c h e d u l e d f o r t h e same d a y , c o u l d not be performed because of the discharged condition of the batteries. A m o t o r / g e n e r a t o r w a s u t i l i s e d o n W e d n e s d a y , May 5 t h t o p o w e r the n o r m a l l y b a t t e r y s u p p l i e d c o n t r o l c i r c u i t s and p e r f o r m the r e q u i r e d d e m o n s t r a t i o n . The b a t t e r y c h a r g e r c o n d i t i o n however, w a s n o t c a u s e d by t h e u s e of t h e motor/generator. The condition was noted on Sunday, May 2nd—the motor/generator w a s n o t e m p l o y e d u n t i l W e d n e s d a y , May 5 t h . The demonstration e v e n t u a l l y t o o k p l a c e on W e d n e s d a y May 5th, 1932. S w i t c h g e a r o p e r a t i o n s d e m o n s t r a t e d on t h i s d a t e were a l l s a t i s f a c t o r y . With t h e e x c e p t i o n of t h e b a t t e r i e s and c h a r g e r a l l t e s t r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e t h e t e s t e d s w i t c h g e a r t o be i n good c o n d i t i o n . T h e s i t u a t i o n t h a t now e x i s t s w i t h t h e d i s — c h a r g e d batteries and defective battery charger i s extremely dangerous. We recommend t h a t t h e c h a r g e r be r e p l a c e d immediately and t h e b a t t e r i e s a l s o i f t h e y f a i l t o h o l d a charge. It c a n n o t b e s t r e s s e d e n o u g h how i m p o r t a n t t h e s e batteries are a n d how p o t e n t i a l l y h a z a r d o u s t h e c u r r e n t situation is. D.C. c o n t r o l power i s c r i t i c a l t o t h e a u t o m a t i c f u n c t i o n s of t h e Main S u b s t a t i o n s w i t c h g e a r . If a f a u l t o c c u r s w i t h t h e b a t t e r i e s and c h a r g e r i n t h e i r p r e s e n t s t a t e t h e e f f e c t c o u l d be q u i t e d e s t r u c t i v e . serious The remainder nature. of the problems found were of a less As p e r t h e e n c l o s e d t e s t s h e e t s , t h e r e a r e no s p a r e fuses for several o f t h e h i g h v o l t a g e a i r s w i t c h e s . We recommend t h a t e a c h of t h e s e s w i t c h e s h a v e a s p a r e f u s e . The t r a n s f o r m e r d e s i g n a t e d " P a r k i n g L o t T r a n s f o r m e r " serial number 45236 i s m i s s i n g a b o l t i n t h e C phase bus connection. We r e c o m m e n d r e p l a c i n g t h i s bolt. The t r a n s f o r m e r d e s i g n a t e d " N . V . C . B u i l d i n g A i r Conditioning" s e r i a l number 3 6 3 9 4 showed s i g n s of possible �heat-caused discoloration on the Neutral braided strap connection. The I n f r a r e d i n s p e c t i o n d i d n o t show a n y h e a t buildup a t t h i s p o i n t b u t i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e l o a d on t h e t r a n s f o r m e r a t t e s t t i m e was n o t g r e a t enough t o r e v e a l t h e s o u r c e of t h i s d i s c o l o r a t i o n . The c o n n e c t i o n was c h e c k e d for tightness and i s s e c u r e . We r e c o m m e n d t h a t t h e n e x t t i m e m a i n t e n a n c e i s performed t h a t t h i s s t r a p and c o n n e c t i o n be c h e c k e d f o r any f u r t h e r s i g n s of h e a t o r s t r e s s . B o t h of t h e G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c IAV 5 3 u n d e r v o l t a g e relays in t h e Main S u b s t a t i o n h a v e t a r g e t a s s e m b l i e s t h a t a r e not f u n c t i o n a l . T h e t a r g e t a s s e m b l i e s on b o t h r e l a y s h a v e b u r n t up, t h i s s h o u l d not however e f f e c t t h e p r o p e r f u n c t i o n i n g of these relays. We r e c o m m e n d r e p l a c i n g t h e t a r g e t assemblies so t h a t i f o p e r a t i o n of e i t h e r r e l a y t r i p s a c i r c u i t breaker the target will drop n o t i f y i n g you a s to which r e l a y operated. The remainder of the t e s t e d / s e r v i c e d equipment s a t i s f a c t o r y operating condition at t h i s time. If a n y q u e s t i o n s c o n c e r n i n g t h i s r e p o r t p l e a s e do n o t t o c o n t a c t our office. Thank r r i s in there are hesitate you. you for this oppurtunity to be of service to �UNION STATION WASHINGTON D.C. Required t e s t f o r 1. Three (.3) a. b. c. d. e. f. 2. equipment 15 KV C i r c u i t B r e a k e r s T e a r down, i n s p e c t and c l e a n Replace damaged r e l a y s Insulation resistance test Contact r e s i s t a n c e t e s t I n s p e c t c l e a n and a d j u s t a l l r e l a y s T r i p t e s t c i r c u i t breakers thru r e l a y s 15 KV High V o l t a g e Cable ( A l l 15 KV C a b l e s ) a. 3. the f o l l o w i n g e l e c t r i c a l D.C. over p o t e n t i a l Transformer Test t e s t , checked l e a k a g e c u r r e n t of cables. Test a. b. c. d. 4. I n s p e c t and check P r o v i d e t u r n s r a t i o t e s t for a l l taps o f t r a n s f o r m e r Provide i n s u l a t i o n t e s t o f t r a n s f o r m e r windings V e r i f y i f t r a n s f o r m e r can be c o n v e r t e d to 4160V Secondary. High V o l t a g e S w i t c h e s a. b. c. 5. connection I n s p e c t and c l e a n Insulation resistance test Contact r e s i s t a n c e t e s t Energize a. b. Switchgear Provide Provide I n f r a Red i n s p e c t i o n o f a l l bus c o n n e c t i o n s . U l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n of high v o l t a g e i n s u l a t o r s for tracking GENERAL NOTE: 1. T e s t i n g Company w i l l v e r i f y t h a t the s w i t c h g e a r drawing and s i n g l e l i n e diagrams. conforms to shop E s t i m a t e d c o s t o f T e s t i n g Company (based on 7 Man days) $5,000.00 Estimated cost of E l e c t r i c a l $1,000.00 Contractor (based on 3 Man days) �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y , INC. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND I S S U E D TO- Turner Construction REPORT NO: 441M-82 PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F T E S T : 5-11-82 LOCATION: Washington, ; D.C. ******************************************************************** SWITCHGEAR INSPECTION REPORT LOCATION/DESIGNATION: MANUFACTURER: F.P.E. 15 KV Main S w i t c h g e a r VOLTAGE CLASS: 15 KV TYPE: The s w i t c h g e a r u n i t was i n s p e c t e d i n t e r n a l l y and e x t e r n a l l y and p r e s e n t e d on the f o l l o w i n g check l i s t : Items found i n good c o n d i t i o n a r e noted w i t h a G. Items which r e q u i r e d s p e c i a l remarks o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a r e noted by the r e f e r e n c e number next to t h a t i n d i v i d u a l i t e m . Items which were c o r r e c t e d and l e f t i n good c o n d i t i o n d u r i n g t h i s s e r v i c e i s marked w i t h a C . Items not performed a r e marked w i t h 3 n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. General i n s p e c t i o n o f e x t e r i o r o f equipment. Check panel l i g h t s f o r o p e r a t i o n - b u r n e d o r m i s s i n g bulbs & c o v e r s . Check c o n t r o l knobs & s w i t c h e s f o r freedom o f movement & c o n d i t i o n . I n s p e c t f o r damaged, b e n t , o r t w i s t e d doors. I n s p e c t door h a n d l e s , l o c k i n g b a r s , and mechanism. Check door i n t e r l o c k s f o r p o s i t i v e o p e r a t i o n . I n s p e c t f o r broken i n s t r u m e n t and r e l a y c o v e r g l a s s . I n s p e c t f o r proper grounding & ground c o n n e c t i o n . I n s p e c t bus support i n s u l a t o r s . Torque t e s t b o l t e d bus'. (Exposed Connections O n l y ) . I n s p e c t c o n t r o l and m e t e r i n g t r a n s f o r m e r s . Check - g r i d a s s e m b l i e s and space h e a t e r s . Check c o n d i t i o n o f w i r i n g and t e r m i n a l c o n n e c t i o n s . Perform i n t r a - r e d i n s p e c t i o n a l l i n t e r i o r bus and s y s t e m s . Perform u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n o f a l l i n t e r i o r c u b i c l e s . Check bus f o r s u p p o r t & s p a c i n g . Check r a i l s , g u i d e s , r o l l e r s , and s h u t t e r mechanism. L u b r i c a t e draw o u t assembly p a r t s . Check c e l l i n t e r l o c k s and a u x i l i a r y c o n t a c t a s s e m b l i e s . I n s p e c t b r e a k e r and c e l l c o n t a c t s . Vacuum and c l e a n i n t e r i o r o f c u b i c l e . I n s p e c t and check i n s t r u m e n t s . T e s t annunciator - alarm or target operation. Operate c o n t r o l s - c l o s e and t r i p b r e a k e r s e l e c t r i c a l l y . Check automatic t r a n s f e r r e l a y o p e r a t i o n ( i f u s e d ) . Special Remark I t e m s : A Dhase-IOQ.OOO meg, a t 10,000. v o l t s meg. B Dhase-lOO.OOO REMARKS G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G N/A * * meg. C phase-lQO.OOO D.C. * See B a t t e r y Comment i n E n g i n e e r i n g Evaluation. See a t t a c h e d r e p o r t f o r r e l a y , i n s t r u m e n t o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r t e s t s h e e t s . A l s o r e s u l t s o f any o t h e r t e s t s o r t h e r m o v i s i o n o r u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n performed on components �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y , INC. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 441M-82 Turner C o n s t r u c t i o n REPORT NO: PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F T E S T : 5-11-82 LOCATION: Washington. ISSUED TO" D.C. ****************************** ******************* SWITCHGEAR INSPECTION REPORT LOCATION/DESIGNATION: MANUFACTURER: F.P.E. 1500 KVA S u b s t a t i o n VOLTAGE CLASS: 5 KV TYPE: The s w i t c h g e a r u n i t was i n s p e c t e d i n t e r n a l l y and e x t e r n a l l y and p r e s e n t e d on the f o l l o w i n g check l i s t : Items found i n good c o n d i t i o n a r e noted w i t h a G. Items which r e q u i r e d s p e c i a l remarks o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a r e noted by the r e f e r e n c e number n e x t to t h a t i n d i v i d u a l i t e m . Items which were c o r r e c t e d and l e f t i n good c o n d i t i o n d u r i n g t h i s s e r v i c e i s marked with a C. Items n o t performed a r e marked with " 1 . General i n s p e c t i o n o f e x t e r i o r o f equipment. 2 . Check panel l i g h t s f o r o p e r a t i o n - b u r n e d o r m i s s i n g b u l b s & c o v e r s . 3 . Check c o n t r o l knobs & s w i t c h e s f o r freedom o f movement & c o n d i t i o n . 4 . I n s p e c t f o r damaged, b e n t , o r t w i s t e d d o o r s . 5. I n s p e c t door h a n d l e s , l o c k i n g b a r s , and mechanism. 6. Check door i n t e r l o c k s f o r p o s i t i v e o p e r a t i o n . 7 . I n s p e c t f o r broken i n s t r u m e n t and r e l a y c o v e r g l a s s . 8 . I n s p e c t f o r proper grounding & ground c o n n e c t i o n . 9 . I n s p e c t bus support i n s u l a t o r s . 1 0 . Torque t e s t b o l t e d bus'. (Exposed Connections O n l y ) . 11. I n s p e c t c o n t r o l and m e t e r i n g t r a n s f o r m e r s . 12. Check - g r i d a s s e m b l i e s and space h e a t e r s . 13. Check c o n d i t i o n o f w i r i n g and t e r m i n a l c o n n e c t i o n s . 1 4 . Perform i n t r a - r e d i n s p e c t i o n a l l i n t e r i o r bus and s y s t e m s . 15. Perform u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n o f a l l i n t e r i o r c u b i c l e s . 1 6 . Check bus f o r s u p p o r t & s p a c i n g . 17. Check r a i l s , g u i d e s , r o l l e r s , and s h u t t e r mechanism. 18. L u b r i c a t e draw o u t assembly p a r t s . 1 9 . Check c e l l i n t e r l o c k s and a u x i l i a r y c o n t a c t a s s e m b l i e s . 2 0 . I n s p e c t b r e a k e r and c e l l c o n t a c t s . 21. Vacuum and c l e a n i n t e r i o r o f c u b i c l e . 22. I n s p e c t and check i n s t r u m e n t s . 23. T e s t annunciator - alarm or t a r g e t operation. 2 4 . Operate c o n t r o l s - c l o s e and t r i p b r e a k e r s e l e c t r i c a l l y . 25. Check a u t o m a t i c t r a n s f e r r e l a y o p e r a t i o n ( i f u s e d ) . a Special Remark I t e m s : A phase-10,000 meg. C phase 1 0 , 0 0 0 meg, a t 2500 v o l t s REMARKS G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G N/A N/A N/A B phase-10,000 meg. D.C. See a t t a c h e d r e p o r t f o r r e l a y , i n s t r u m e n t o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r t e s t s h e e t s . A l s o r e s u l t s o f any o t h e r t e s t s o r t h e r m o v i s i o n o r u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n performed on components �5 % MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y , INC. C H U f l . -«•*•* BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 441M-82 Turner Construction R E P O R T NO: PROJECT:. Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F T E S T : 5-11 -ft? LOCATION: Washington ISSUED TO- , D.C. ****************************** ********************************************* SWITCHGEAR INSPECTION REPORT Parking F a c i l i t y S u b s t a t i o n LOCATION/DESIGNATION MANUFACTURER: Power Con VOLTAGE CLASS: 15 KV TYPE; The s w i t c h g e a r u n i t was i n s p e c t e d i n t e r n a l l y and e x t e r n a l l y and p r e s e n t e d on the f o l l o w i n g check l i s t : Items found i n good c o n d i t i o n a r e noted w i t h a G. Items which r e q u i r e d s p e c i a l remarks o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a r e noted by the r e f e r e n c e number n e x t to t h a t i n d i v i d u a l i t e m . Items which were c o r r e c t e d and l e f t i n good c o n d i t i o n d u r i n g t h i s s e r v i c e i s marked w i t h a C_. Items not performed a r e marked w i t h an N. REMARKS 1. General i n s p e c t i o n o f e x t e r i o r o f equipment. 2. Check panel l i g h t s f o r o p e r a t i o n - b u r n e d o r m i s s i n g bulbs & c o v e r s . 3. Check c o n t r o l knobs & s w i t c h e s f o r freedom o f movement & c o n d i t i o n 4. I n s p e c t f o r damaged, b e n t , o r t w i s t e d d o o r s . 5. I n s p e c t door h a n d l e s , l o c k i n g b a r s , and mechanism. 6. Check door i n t e r l o c k s f o r p o s i t i v e o p e r a t i o n . ML 7. I n s p e c t f o r broken i n s t r u m e n t and r e l a y c o v e r g l a s s . 8. I n s p e c t f o r proper grounding & ground c o n n e c t i o n . 9. I n s p e c t bus support i n s u l a t o r s . 10. Torque t e s t b o l t e d bus'. (Exposed C o n n e c t i o n s O n l y ) . 11. I n s p e c t c o n t r o l and metering t r a n s f o r m e r s . 12. Check - g r i d a s s e m b l i e s and space h e a t e r s . Heaters not working 13. Check c o n d i t i o n o f w i r i n g and t e r m i n a l c o n n e c t i o n s . G 14. Perform i n t r a - r e d i n s p e c t i o n a l l i n t e r i o r bus and systems 15. Perform u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n o f a l l i n t e r i o r c u b i c l e s . 16. Check bus f o r support & s p a c i n g . 17. Check r a i l s , g u i d e s , r o l l e r s , and s h u t t e r mechanism. 18. L u b r i c a t e draw out assembly p a r t s . 19. Check c e l l i n t e r l o c k s and a u x i l i a r y c o n t a c t a s s e m b l i e s . 20. I n s p e c t b r e a k e r and c e l l c o n t a c t s . 21. Vacuum and c l e a n i n t e r i o r o f c u b i c l e . 22. I n s p e c t and check i n s t r u m e n t s . N/A 23. T e s t a n n u n c i a t o r - alarm o r t a r g e t o p e r a t i o n . N/A 24. Operate c o n t r o l s - c l o s e and t r i p b r e a k e r s e l e c t r i c a l l y . N/A 25. Check automatic t r a n s f e r r e l a y o p e r a t i o n ( i f u s e d ) . Special Remark I t e m s : S w i t c h g e a r was c l e a n e d w i t h compressed a i r and solvent. I n s u l a t i o n R e s i s t a n c e measured phase to phase to phase and to ground. A phase-1800 meg. B phase-1800 meg. C phase-1800 meg. a t 1000 v o l t s D.C. See a t t a c h e d r e p o r t for r e l a y , i n s t r u m e n t o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r t e s t s h e e t s . A l s o r e s u l t s o f any o t h e r t e s t s o r t h e r m o v i s i o n o r u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n performed on components �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y ,INC. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 441M-82 I S S U E D TO- T u r n e r s Cnnst.rur.tion REPORT NO: PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F TEST: LOCATION: Washington, D.C. 5-11-82 ************************************************ SWITCHGEAR INSPECTION REPORT LOCATION/DESIGNATION: A i r Conditioning Substation VOLTAGE CLASS: MANUFACTURER: Power Con 15 KV TYPET The s w i t c h g e a r u n i t was i n s p e c t e d i n t e r n a l l y and e x t e r n a l l y and p r e s e n t e d on the f o l l o w i n g check l i s t : Items found i n good c o n d i t i o n a r e noted w i t h a G. Items which r e q u i r e d s p e c i a l remarks o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a r e noted by the r e f e r e n c e number n e x t to t h a t i n d i v i d u a l i t e m . Items which were c o r r e c t e d and l e f t i n good c o n d i t i o n d u r i n g t h i s s e r v i c e i s marked w i t h a C_. Items n o t performed a r e marked w i t h an N. REMARKS 1. General i n s p e c t i o n o f e x t e r i o r o f equipment. 2 . Check panel l i g h t s f o r o p e r a t i o n - b u r n e d o r m i s s i n g b u l b s & c o v e r s . 3 . Check c o n t r o l knobs & s w i t c h e s f o r freedom o f movement & c o n d i t i o n . 4 . I n s p e c t f o r damaged, b e n t , o r t w i s t e d doors. 5 . I n s p e c t door h a n d l e s , l o c k i n g b a r s , and mechanism. 6 . Check door i n t e r l o c k s f o r p o s i t i v e o p e r a t i o n . 7. I n s p e c t f o r broken i n s t r u m e n t and r e l a y c o v e r g l a s s . 8 . I n s p e c t f o r proper grounding & ground c o n n e c t i o n . 9 . I n s p e c t bus support i n s u l a t o r s . 1 0 . Torque t e s t b o l t e d bus". (Exposed Connections O n l y ) . 11. I n s p e c t c o n t r o l and metering t r a n s f o r m e r s . 1 2 . Check - g r i d a s s e m b l i e s and space h e a t e r s . 1 3 . Check c o n d i t i o n o f w i r i n g and t e r m i n a l c o n n e c t i o n s . 1 4 . Perform i n t r a - r e d i n s p e c t i o n a l l i n t e r i o r bus and s y s t e m s . 15. Perform u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n o f a l l i n t e r i o r c u b i c l e s . 1 6 . Check bus f o r s u p p o r t & s p a c i n g . 1 7 . Check r a i l s , g u i d e s , r o l l e r s , and s h u t t e r mechanism. 1 8 . L u b r i c a t e draw o u t assembly p a r t s . 1 9 . Check c e l l i n t e r l o c k s and a u x i l i a r y c o n t a c t a s s e m b l i e s . 20. I n s p e c t b r e a k e r and c e l l c o n t a c t s . 21. Vacuum and c l e a n i n t e r i o r o f c u b i c l e . 2 2 . I n s p e c t and check i n s t r u m e n t s . 2 3 . T e s t a n n u n c i a t o r - alarm o r t a r g e t o p e r a t i o n . 2 4 . Operate c o n t r o l s - c l o s e and t r i p b r e a k e r s e l e c t r i c a l l y . N 2 5 . Check a u t o m a t i c t r a n s f e r r e l a y o p e r a t i o n ( i f u s e d ) . Special Remark I t e m s : A phase-2500 meg. B phase-2500 meg. C phase-?5no meg, a t 1DQQ y o l t s D.C. S w i t c h g e a r was c l e a n e d with, compressed a i r and s o l v e n t . • Insulation Resistance measured phase t o phase to phase and to ground. See a t t a c h e d r e p o r t f o r r e l a y , instrument o r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r t e s t s h e e t s . A l s o r e s u l t s o f any o t h e r t e s t s o r t h e r m o v i s i o n o r u l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n performed on components �ME /MET ELECTRICAL TESTING CO/MP/1NY, INC REPORT OF THERMOVISION I S S U E D TO: INSPECTION LOCATIONS: 5-11-82 REPORT NO: PROJECT: OATEOF REPORT: Turner Construction 441M-82 Union S t a t i o n Main S u b s t a t i o n - 1 5 KV S w i t c h g e a r DESCRIPTION: A t each o f the l o c a t i o n s l i s t e d on t h e a t t a c h e d s h e e t s , t h e following, as appropriate, techniques, were examined u t i l i z i n g t h e r m o v i s i o n to l o c a t e any u n e x p l a i n a b l e scanning " h o t s p o t s " which may i n d i c a t e poor c o n n e c t i o n s o r o t h e r e l e c t r i c a l problems o r c o m p l i c a t i o n s : X Lightning X Cable Arrestors Terminations Circuit Breakers Contacts X Switches Capacitors X Insulators Fuses Condui t s X Transformers X Bus C o n n e c t i o n s X Cables & Mires X Ground Connections X Terminal Connections ENGINEERING EVALUATION: No e v i d e n c e o f abnormal heating or loose connection. U l t r a s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n gave no e v i d e n c e o f t r a c k i n g . T h a i rmpott eartiflaa thai: T h o abttwa a q u i p m a n t h a a b a n taatao? lf% c o m p l i a n c e w i t h r a c o g n t z a d a t a n d a r d a . o r for t a f a u a a in a tpacifiad m a n n a r , or in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h F a d a r a l . Stata o r M u n i c i p a l ragulattona. Thm raport ia a c c u r a t a a n d trua to t h a b a a t of our k n o w l a d f a a n d bailaf. A H a q u i p m a n t u a a d in m a k i n g ohyalcal d a t a r m i n a t t o n a ia a c c u r a t a a n d b a a r a racant a n d dlract tracaabillty to t h a N B S . T h a avaluaticna p a r f o r m a d a r o In a c c o r d a n c a w i t h t h a l a w * for t h o prao> tico o# Prafaaaional E n g i n a a r i n g In tha itataa of M a n / l a n d , Virginia, a n d Pannaptvaniav M E T E L E C T R I C A L T E S T I N G COMPANY. I N C / / BY. / Robert Kern . 9 1 6 W E S T PATAPSCO A V E N U E • BALTIMORE. MARYLAND 21230 • PHONE ( 3 0 1 ) 354-2200 �ME /MET ELECTRICA TESTING CO/MFMNY, INC ^ / REPORT OF THERMOVISION INSPECTION I S S U E D TO: \ LOCATIONS: 5-11-82 REPORT NO: PROJECT: DATE OF REPORT: Turner Construction 441M-82 Union S t a t i o n 1500 KVA S u b s t a t i o n DESCRIPTION: A t e a c h o f the l o c a t i o n s l i s t e d on t h e a t t a c h e d s h e e t s , t h e following, as appropriate, techniques, were examined u t i l i z i n g t h e r m o v i s i o n to l o c a t e any u n e x p l a i n a b l e scanning " h o t s p o t s " which may i n d i c a t e poor c o n n e c t i o n s o r o t h e r e l e c t r i c a l problems o r c o m p l i c a t i o n s : X Lightning X Cable Arrestors X Switches Terminations Circuit Breakers Contacts X Transformers Capacitors Insulators XCables & Wires Fuses X XBus C o n n e c t i o n s X Ground Conduits Connections XTerminal Connections ENGINEERING EVALUATION: No e v i d e n c e o f abnormal h e a t i n g o r l o o s e c o n n e c t i o n s were indentified. U l t r a - s o n i c i n s p e c t i o n gave no e v i d e n c e o f t r a c k i n g . T h e , raport cartiflea m o t T h o a b o v e e q u i p m e n t h o * b e e n tooted" In c o m p l i a n c e w i t h r e c o g n i z e d t t e n d a r d e . o r for a a f e u a a In a specified m a n n e r , o r In a c c o r d a n c e with F a d a r a l . State o r M u n i c i p a l regulettone. T h o report la a c c u r a t e a n d true to t h o b e a t of o u r k n o w l e d g e a n d belief. A H e q u i p m e n t u a e d in m a k i n g ohyaical d e t e r m i n a t i o n * i* a c c u r a t e a n d b o a r a r e s e n t a n d direct trecaetxltty to tha N B S . T h o a v a l u a t i c n a p e r f o r m e d ana In a c c o r d a n c e with tha l a w * for t h o p r a c tice of Profeeeionet E n g i n e e r i n g in tha atates of M a r y l a n d . Virginia, a n d nennaytvenia. M E T E L E C T R I C A L T E S T I N G COMPANY. INC. BY. Robert Kern . 9 1 6 W E S T PATAPSCO A V E N U E • BALTIMORE. MARYLAND 2 1 2 3 0 • PHONE ( 3 0 1 ) 354-2200 �/MET ELECTRIC/1 TESTING CQ/V1FMNY, INC REPORT OF THERMOVISION f I S S U E D TO: INSPECTION LOCATIONS: 5-11-82 REPORT NO: PROJECT: DATE OF REPORT: Turner Construction N 441M-82 Union S t a t i o n A i r C o n d i t i o n S u b s t a t i o n - 7 5 0 KVA DESCRIPTION: A t each o f t h e l o c a t i o n s l i s t e d on t h e a t t a c h e d s h e e t s , t h e following, as appropriate, techniques, were examined u t i l i z i n g t h e r m o v i s i o n to l o c a t e any u n e x p l a i n a b l e scanning " h o t s p o t s " which may i n d i c a t e poor c o n n e c t i o n s o r o t h e r e l e c t r i c a l problems o r c o m p l i c a t i o n s : X Lightning X Cable Arrestors Terminations Circuit Breakers X Switches Capacitors X Insulators Fuses Contacts Conduits X Transformers X Bus C o n n e c t i o n s X Cables & Wires X Ground Connections X Terminal Connections ENGINEERING EVALUATION: No e v i d e n c e o f abnormal Ultra-sonic h e a t i n g o r l o o s e c o n n e c t i o n were identified. i n s p e c t i o n gave no i n d i c a t i o n s o f t r a c k i n g . The, report eertiflee thee T h a a b o v e e q u i p m e n t h a * b o o n teated" In c o m p l i a n c e with r e c o g n i z e e s t a n d a r d * , o r for i a f * u * o In a specified m a n n e r , o r In a c c o r d a n c e with F e d e r a l , S t a t * o r M u n i c i p a l regulation*. T h o report I* a c c u r a t e a n d true to t h o b e e t of o u r k n o w l e d g e a n d belief. A N e q u i p m e n t u a e d in m a k i n g ohyaleel d e t e r m i n a t i o n * ia a c c u r a t e a n d b o a r * recant a n d direct trecaacllty to t h o N B S . T h e avaluaticna get f u n n e d are In a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h o leer* for the p r a c tice of Profeeeionet E n g i n e e r i n g In t h e itatea of M a r y l a n d , Virginia, a n d Poruiaytvenl*. M E T E L E C T R I C A L T E S T I N G COMPANY, INC. 8Y. Robert . 9 1 6 W E S T PATAPSCO A V E N U E • BALTIMORE. MARYLANO 2 1 2 3 0 • PHONE ( 3 0 1 ) 354-2200 Kern' l(A&Bfj- �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, INC. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND ISSUED Trv pan Turners Construction R E P O R T NO- Union S t a t i o n ICPT- 441M-82 DATE OF TEST:_5_^82 . Washington. D . C . LOCATION: OVERHAUL-HIGH VOLTAGE.AIR SWITCH. L O C A T I O N : Main S u b s t a t i o n KV: MF6R; 1 3 . 2 KV Power Con CURRENT RATING: 600 FUSE TYPE: RBA-200 SIZE: 100E M F G R : Westinghouse C I R C U I T : Primary 1500 KVA S u b s t a t i o n 1) Cleaned and Inspected arc c h u t e s . Condition of arc chutes noted: Good 2) Cleaned switch with compressed air and/or s o l v e n t . 3) Inspected for: a) arc damage and deteriorated insulation b) d a m a g e d , burned and poorly-mated contacts c) damaged o r cracked mounting frames and casting d) operating mechanism for friction e) manual c l o s e , latch trip operation f) contact closing alignment and over travel g) current-carrying parts for overheating h) alignment o f operating linkage 4) Re-lubricated 5) Applied special no-oxide grease to current-carrying contacts INSULATION RESISTANCE 9 5000 VOLTS Phase A Phase B Phase C REMARKS: 300,000. 300,000 300,000 Megohms Megohms Megohms No spare fuses - CONTACT RESISTANCE Phase A Phase B Phase C 70 7tl 60 jMicrcv-ahms ^Micra-ohms "Micro-ohms �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, INC. BALTIMORE, M A R Y L A N D I S S U E D TO* Turner Construction PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n tnrATinN- Parking Lot R E P O R T NQt • 441M-82 D A T E O F TEST: 4-29-82 XFMR OVERHAUL-HIGH YOLTAGE.AIR S W I T C H P a r k i n g L o t Transformer LOCATION: KV: MFGR:S&C 1 3 . 2 KV C U R R E N T R A T I N G : 200E F U S E T Y P E : SM-4 (#4852-AC) SIZE: 65E MFGR: S & C C I R C U I T : Primary 1000 KVA S u b s t a t i o n 1) Cleaned and Inspected a r c c h u t e s . Condition o f a r c chutes noted: Good 2) Cleaned switch with compressed a i r and/or s o l v e n t . 3) Inspected f o r : a) a r c damage and deteriorated Insulation b) d a m a g e d , burned and poorly-mated c o n t a c t s c) damaged o r cracked mounting frames and casting d) operating mechanism for friction e) manual c l o s e , latch trip operation f) contact closing alignment and o v e r travel g) current-carrying parts for overheating h) a l i g n m e n t o f operating linkage 4) Re-lubricated 5) A p p l i e d special no-oxide grease to current-carrying contacts INSULATION RESISTANCE 9 5000 VOLTS Phase A Phase 3 Phase C CONTACT RESISTANCE 100,000 Megohms 100,000Megohms 100,000. Ttegohms - P h a s e A _ _ 4 0 _ _ Mi ro-ohms Phase B 50 Micro-ohms Phase C 50 Micro-ohms C REMARKS: -9- �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, I N C BALTIMORE, M A R Y L A N O ISSUED T O TurnprTnnst.ruct.inn PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n LOCATION: \ REPORT NO: 441M-82 A i r Condition Substation D A T E O F TEST: 5-2-82 ##*****»**#****»##*# OVERHAUL-HIGH. VOLTAGE.AIR SWITCH. A i r Condition Substation LOCATION: M F 6 R ; Power Con K V : 1 3 . 2 KV R8A-200 FUSE T Y P E : CIRCUIT: CURRENT R A T I N G : 600 SIZE: 50E M F G R : Westinghouse Primary 750 KVA S u b s t a t i o n 1) Cleaned and Inspected a r c c h u t e s . Condition o f a r c chutes noted: Good 2) Cleaned switch with compressed a i r and/or s o l v e n t . 3) Inspected f o r : a) a r c damage a n d deteriorated insulation b) d a m a g e d , burned and poorly-mated contacts c) damaged o r cracked mounting frames and casting d) operating m e c h a n i s m for friction e) manual c l o s e , latch trip operation f) contact closing alignment and o v e r travel g) current-carrying parts f o r overheating h) alignment o f operating linkage 4) Re-lubricated 5) Applied special no-oxide grease to current-carrying contacts CONTACT RESISTANCE INSULATION RESISTANCE 9 5000 VOLTS P h a s e A 100,000 P h a s e 3 100,000 P h a s e C TOO,000 Megohms "Megohms Megohms • REMARKS: Phase A Phase B Phase C . 90 no 100 ^ .Micro-ohms .Micro-ohms p m * n h m c �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, I N C WW BALTIMORE, M A R Y L A N D I S S U E D TO... PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n LOCATION: R E P O R T NOr Turner Construction Washington, D . C , . 441M-82 D A T E O F TEST: 5-2-82 # # # * # * * # # # # * * * * * # * # OVERHAUL-HIGH VOLTAGE.AIR S W I T C H Main S u b s t a t i o n LOCATION: KV: MF6R: 2 . 4 KV CURRENT RATING: 600 Amp FUSE T Y P E : RBA-400 CIRCUIT: Power Con SIZE: 400E MFGR: Westinghouse Ml F e e d e r - S e c o n d a r y 1500 KVA S u b s t a t i o n 1) Cleaned and Inspected a r c c h u t e s . Condition o f a r c chutes noted: Good 2) Cleaned switch with compressed a i r and/or s o l v e n t . 3) Inspected f o r : a) a r c damage a n d deteriorated insulation b) d a m a g e d , burned and poorly-mated contacts c) damaged o r cracked mounting frames and casting d) operating mechanism for friction e) manual c l o s e , latch trip operation f) c o n t a c t closing alignment and o v e r travel g) current-carrying parts for overheating h) alignment o f operating linkage 4) Re-lubricated 5) A p p l i e d special no-oxide grease to current-carrying contacts INSULATION RESISTANCE 9 5000 VOLTS P h a s e A 50.000. P h a s e 3 50,000. P h a s e C 50,000. REMARKS: Megohms ""Megohms Megohms No spare f u s e s . - ' CONTACT RESISTANCE Phase A Phase 3 Phase C 200 18*0" 140 - M ^ ™ _ n h m c * Micro-ohms .Micro-ohms �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, I N C Wm BALTIMORE. M A R Y L A N D ISSUED T O Turner- C o n s t r u c t i o n R E P O R T NO- PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F TEST:_<__2zS2 LOCATION: Washington, D.C. 441M-82 OVERHAUL-HIGH VOLTAGE.AIR S W I T C H L O C A T I O N : Main S u b s t a t i o n KV: MF6R;Power Con 2 . 4 KV FUSE TYPE: CURRENT RATING: RBA-40Q 1) M F G R : Westinghouse SIZE: C I R C U I T : M2-Feeder Secondary 600 Amp 1500 KVA S u b s t a t i o n Cleaned and Inspected arc c h u t e s . Condition o f a r c chutes noted: Good . 2) Cleaned switch with compressed a i r and/or s o l v e n t . 3) Inspected f o r : a) arc damage and deteriorated Insulation b) d a m a g e d , burned and poorly-mated contacts c) damaged o r cracked mounting frames and casting d) operating mechanism for friction e) manual c l o s e , latch trip operation f) contact closing alignment and o v e r travel g) current-carrying parts for overheating h) alignment o f operating linkage 4) Re-lubricated 5) A p p l i e d special no-oxide grease to current-carrying contacts INSULATION RESISTANCE • 5000 VOLTS P h a s e A 50,000 P h a s e 3 bU,000 P h a s e C bO,ooo Megohms Megohms "Megohms • REMARKS: ' CONTACT RESISTANCE Phase A Phase 3 Phase C 200 150 190 : - Micro-ohms Micro-ohms Micro-ohms * �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y , INC. BALTIMORE, M A R Y L A N D I S S U E D TO- Turner Construction R E P O R T NO: 441M-82 PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n D A T E O F TEST: LOCATION: Washington. 5-2-82 D.C. *»*****»#»****»****•****»*#»*+ MEDIUM VOLTAGE AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER LOCATION/DESIGNATION: Main S u b s t a t i o n Each a i r c i r c u i t b r e a k e r l i s t e d i n the a t t a c h e d pages o f t h i s r e p o r t r e c e i v e the following s e r v i c e s . Items which r e q u i r e a d d i t i o n a l a t t e n t i o n o r comments a r e c o n t a i n e d on the i n d i v i d u a l r e p o r t pages: MECHANICAL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. INSPECTION AND SERVICE: Remove arc chutes. Inspect and clean arc chutes. Check arc splitter grids. Check magnetic "blow-out" coils. Inspect breaker for defects or damage. Inspect for arc damage and deteriorated insulation. Check primary bushings - porcelains and finger clusters. Inspect for burned and poorly mated contacts. Redress or refinish damaged or burnt contacts. Identify or replace damaged or b u m e d springs. Check contact alignment overtravel 4 contact pressure. Adjust contacts as necessary. Inspect all current carrying parts for overheating. Check shunts and all brazed or soldered connections. Check coil terminals and insulation details. Check for adequate electrical clearances. Check mounting frame and all castings for cracks. 18. 19. 20. 21. 27. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 30. 31. Check operatinq mechanism for friction. Check for excessive wear and defective parts. * Check lift rods, latch mechanism and details. Check trip mechanism latch load and sneak setting. Check manual close, latch and trip operation. Check trip free operation. Spray entire breaker mechanism and insulatinq component with special solvent to remove old grease and dirt or other accumulated contaminents. Remove hardened lubricants. Re-lubricate as required. Check auxiliary switches for sequence, good contact alignment, and check operating linkage. Check condition of wiring and tightened connections . Repeat manual rlose latch and trip operation. Check mechanical condition of auxiliary devices, shock absorbers, bumpers, position indicators, latch checkinn switches, key lock o u t , etc. ELECTRICAL INSPECTIONS & TESTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Operate breaker electrically Check closing coil connections. Insulation resistance test of test closing coil. Insulation resistance test of test control wiring. Insulation resistance test of breaker poles. Check breaker rectifier'. REMARKS: 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. ilheck capacitor trip (when used). Check shunt trip operation. Perform trip test through relay device (See relay test report for setting). Make calibration adjustments. Check electrical close, latch, and trip operation. Check electrical trip free operation. �/WET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CQ/MB4NY INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: REPORT Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 NUMBER: i+mr1-82R DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, OF REPORT: May, DATE OF TEST: 5/02/82 1982 Station DRAW D.C. OUT MEDIUM VOLTAGE LOCATION/SUBSTATION: Main Substation DESIGNATION/FEEDING: Tie Breaker MANUFACTURER: General Electric VOLTAGE CLASS: 15 K v SERIAL NUMBER: 265A9764-102 AIR CIRCUIT TYPE: AMPERE NUMBER BREAKER AM-13.8-500-7H RATING: 2000 OF O P E R A T I O N S : MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS: A l l a r c i n g c o n t a c t s a r e w i t h i n 1/16 i n c h e s w h e n f i r s t c o n t a c t All main c o n t a c t s are w i t h i n 3/16 i n c h e s when a r c i n g c o n t a c t s 239 closes. close.- ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS: C O N T A C T R E S I S T A N C E n e a s u r e n e n t s made after c o n t a c t d r e s s i n g and a d j u s t m e n t . M e a s u r e m e n t s made with b r e a k e r closed and l a t c h e d . Results: Phase A 110 m i c r o h m s Phase B 90 m i c r o h m s Phase C 80 m i c r o h m s I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of b r e a k e r p o l e s m e a s u r e d w i t h b r e a k e r c l o s e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s m a d e a f t e r c l e a n i n g a n d s e r v i c i n g of b r e a k e r . T e s t v o l t a g e : 5 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Results": P h a s e A to P h a s e s B & C 100,000 megohms P h a s e B to P h a s e s A 8, C 100,000 megohms P h a s e C to P h a s e s A & B 100,000 megohms I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of c o n t r o l T e s t v o l t a g e : 1 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Re'sults: 1000 m e g o h m s wiring measured: REMARKS: The breaker has been in g o o d c o n d i t i o n . cleaned, lubricated -13- and serviced and is �/WET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/VIB4NY, INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: REPORT Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 NUMBER: 441M-82R DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, OF R E P O R T : May, 1982 DATE OF 5/02/82 Station DRAW D.C. OUT MEDIUM VOLTAGE LOCATION/SUBSTATION: Main Substation DESIGNATION/FEEDING: Incoming Feeder MANUFACTURER: General Electric VOLTAGE CLASS: 15 K v SERIAL NUMBER: 256A9764-101 AIR TEST CIRCUIT BREAKER K14099 TYPE: AMPERE NUMBER AM-13.8 RATING: 2000 OF O P E R A T I O N S : MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS: A l l a r c i n g c o n t a c t s a r e w i t h i n 1/16 i n c h e s w h e n f i r s t c o n t a c t All main c o n t a c t s are within 3/16 inches when arcing c o n t a c t s 184 closes. close. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS: CONTACT RESISTANCE m e a s u r e m e n t s made after contact dressing and adjustment, M e a s u r e m e n t s made with b r e a k e r c l o s e d and l a t c h e d . Results: Phase A 60 m i c r o h m s Phase B 80 m i c r o h m s Phase C 80 m i c r o h m s I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of b r e a k e r p o l e s m e a s u r e d w i t h b r e a k e r c l o s e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s m a d e a f t e r c l e a n i n g a n d s e r v i c i n g of b r e a k e r . T e s t v o l t a g e : 5 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Results: megohms 100 , 0 0 0 P h a s e A to P h a s e s B S C megohms 100,000 P h a s e B to P h a s e s A & C megohms 100,000 P h a s e C to P h a s e s A & B I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of c o n t r o l T e s t v o l t a g e : 1 0 0 0 v o l t s DC R e s u l t s : 900 megohms wiring measured: REMARKS: The breaker has been in g o o d c o n d i t i o n . cleaned, lubricated and serviced and is �W > S T S > . ^1ET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/MB4NY INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 REPORT NUMBER: 441M-82R DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, OF R E P O R T : May, 1982 DATE OF 5/02/82 Station DRAW D.C. OUT MEDIUM VOLTAGE LOCATION/SUBSTATION: Main Substation DESIGNATION/FEEDING: Main Incoming Feeder MANUFACTURER: General Electric VOLTAGE CLASS: 15 K v SERIAL NUMBER: 269A5529-100 AIR TEST: CIRCUIT H14056 TYPE: AMPERE NUMBER BREAKER AM-13.8-500-7H RATING: 2000 OF O P E R A T I O N S : MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS: A l l a r c i n g c o n t a c t s a r e w i t h i n 1/16 i n c h e s w h e n f i r s t c o n t a c t All m a i n c o n t a c t s are w i t h i n 3/16 i n c h e s w h e n a r c i n g c o n t a c t s 167 closes. close. ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS: C O N T A C T R E S I S T A N C E m e a s u r e m e n t s made after c o n t a c t dressing and M e a s u r e m e n t s made with breaker closed and l a t c h e d . Results: Phase A 70 m i c r o h m s Phase B 70 m i c r o h m s Phase C 60 m i c r o h m s adjustment. I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of b r e a k e r p o l e s m e a s u r e d w i t h b r e a k e r c l o s e d . M e a s u r e m e n t s m a d e a f t e r c l e a n i n g a n d s e r v i c i n g of b r e a k e r . T e s t v o l t a g e : 5 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Results: P h a s e A to P h a s e s B S C 100,000 megohms P h a s e B to P h a s e s A & C 100,000 megohms P h a s e C to P h a s e s A S B 100,000 megohms I N S U L A T I O N R E S I S T A N C E of c o n t r o l T e s t v o l t a g e : 1 0 0 0 v o l t s DC R e s u l t s : 1200 megohms wiring measured: REMARKS: The breaker has been in g o o d c o n d i t i o n . cleaned, lubricated and serviced and is �/MET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/MR4NY INC. HP REPORT ISSUED TO: Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 REPORT DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, INSULATION Primary Phase Phase Phase D.C. N.V.C. Building Sylvania 36394.1+1 13200-480Y/277 Delta/Wye RESISTANCE w i n d i n g s at A to G r . a n d B to G r . a n d C to G r . a n d TURNS RATIO NAMEPLATE VOLTAGE 105* 102.5* 100* * 97.5* 95* OF R E P O R T : 441M-82R May, 1982 Station DATE TRANSFORMER DESIGNATION: MANUFACTURER: SERIAL NUMBER: VOLTAGE RATING! CONNECTION: NUMBER: TEST TAP POSITION 4-5 4-6 3-6 3-7 2-7 TEST OF 5/02/82 RECORD Air Conditioning TYPE: Dry KVA SIZE: 750 T E M P R I S E : 150 C MEASURED: 1 0 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Secondary Sec. 200,000 Meg. Phase A Sec. 200,000 Meg. Phase B Sec. 200,000 Meg. Phase C (Tap c h a n g e r CONNECTION X1X0/H1H3 49.917:1 48.727:1 47.537:1 46.347:1 45.157:1 TEST: IMPEDANCE: COOLANT TYPE: w i n d i n g s at 1000 to G r . and P r i . to G r . a n d P r i . to G r . and P r i . l e f t in p o s i t i o n n a r k e d w i t h CONNECTION CONNECTION X3X0/H3H2 X2X0/H2H1 49.961:1 49.973:1 48.771:1 48.783:1 47.581:1 47.593:1 46.391:1 46.403:1 45.201:1 45.213:1 6.1* Dry v o l t s DC -600 M e g . 600 M e g . 600 M e g . "*".) CALCULATED RATIO 50.036 48.844 47.653 46.462 45.270 REMARKS: N e u t r a l b r a i d s t r a p on t r a n s f e r H e r s e c o n d a r y d i s c o l o r e d , ( p o s s i b l y o v e r h e a t e d ) d i d n o t s h o w o v e r h e a t i n g in T h e r m o v i s i o n I n s p e c t i o n - b u t l i t t l e l o a d on g e a r a t t i m e . -16- �/WET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/WB4NY, INC. IP REPORT ISSUED TO: REPORT Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, D.C. DESIGNATION: N.V.C. Building MANUFACTURER: Niagara SERIAL NUMBER: 46327 VOLTAGE RATING: 13200-2400 CONNECTION: Delta/Delta RESISTANCE w i n d i n g s at A to G r . a n d B to G r . a n d C to G r . a n d TURNS RATIO NAMEPLATE VOLTAGE 13860 13530 13200 * 12870 12540 DATE A B C OF May, 1982 (Tap c h a n g e r CONNECTION X1X3/H1H3 5.778:1 5.638:1 5.498:1 5.358:1 5.219:1 megohms megohms megohms TEST: 5/02/82 RECORD Dry 1500 170 C MEASURED: Secondary 1 0 0 0 0 v o l t s DC Phase A Sec. 200,000 Meg. Phase B Sec. 200,000 Meg. Phase C Sec. 200,000 Meg. TEST: TAP POSITION 4-5 3-5 3-6 2-6 2-7 35 35 35 TEST TYPE: KVA S I Z E : TEMP RISE: S e c o n d a r y B u s L i g h t n i n g Arrester* A l u g a r d II General Electric 3 Kv Phase Phase Phase OF R E P O R T : 441M-82R Station TRANSFORMER INSULATION Primary Phase Phase Phase NUMBER: IMPEDANCE: COOLANT TYPE: w i n d i n g s at 2 5 0 0 to G r . and P r i . to G r . a n d P r i . to G r . and P r i . 6.0 N/A v o l t s DC 50,000 Meg 50,000 Meg, 50,000 Meg, l e f t in p o s i t i o n m a r k e d w i t h » * • ' . ) CALCULATED CONNECTION CONNECTION RATIO X3X2/H3H2 X2X1/H2H1 5.775:1 5.780:1 5.778:1 5.6375:1 5.640:1 5.638:1 5.500:1 5.499:1 5.498:1 5.3625: 1 5.359:1 5.358:1 5.220:1 5.225:1 5.224:1 Rated. �/MET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/MB4NY INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: REPORT Turner Construction 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, NUMBER: 441M-82R OF R E P O R T : May, 1982 Station D.C. TRANSFORMER DATE TEST OF TEST: 5/02/82 RECORD Parking Lot T r a n s f o r m e r Class AA/FA DESIGNATION: 6.2 IMPEDANCE: 3 phase TYPE: MANUFACTURER: Niagra COOLANT TYPE: Dry 1000 KVA SIZE: SERIAL NUMBER: 45236 T E M P R I S E : 150 C VOLTAGE RATING i 13.2Kv-480Y/277 CONNECTION: Delta/Wye D y n a Gap RATING: - 15 K v INTEGRAL LIGHTNING ARRESTORS TYPE: Ohio Brass Line/Ground INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASURED: S e c o n d a r y w i n d i n g s a t N / A v o l t s DC P r i m a r y w i n d i n g s a t 5 0 0 0 v o l t s DC P h a s e A to G r . a n d S e c . 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 M e g . P h a s e B to G r . a n d S e c . 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 M e g . P h a s e C to G r . a n d S e c . 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 M e g . TURNS RATIO NAMEPLATE VOLTAGE 14490 14145 13800 13455 13110 REMARKS: TEST: TAP POSITION A/4-5 B/3-5 C/3-6 D/2-6 E/2-7 (Tap c h a n g e r CONNECTION X1X0/H1H3 52.234:1 50.968: 1 49.764:1 48.561:1 47.293:1 l e f t in p o s i t i o n m a r k e d w i t h I I ^ n ) CALCULATED CONNECTION CONNECTION RATIO X2X0/H2H1 X3X0/H3H2 52.310:1 52. 173: 1 5 2 . 188:1 51.064: 1 50.908:1 50.962:1 49.819:1 49.705:1 49.720:1 48.574:1 48.507:1 48.564:1 47.328:1 47.241:1 47.294:1 EXTREMELY DIRTY T h i s is a d r y t r a n s f o r m e r outside - in b a d area between �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING COMPANY, INC. ISSUED TO: Turner C o n s t r u c t i o n DATE OF REPORT: 5-11-82 PROJECT: Union S t a t i o n REPORT NO: 441M-82 DATE OF TEST: 5-2-82 RELAY TEST LOCATION: RECORD Main Substation RELAY . LOCATION PHASE TYPE Feeder 14056 IAC53 A B 8.0 8.0 C Voltage Relay PICK-UP CURRENT N IAV 53 INSTANT UNIT SET TRIP X3 2.49 2.53 2.55 7.2 2.08 L e f t conta c t c l o s e s 81V Time ratec to 0 7.09 Se TIME TAP DIAL CIRCUIT TRIPPED Disconnected Disconnected 8.0 8.0 4.5 4.4 Nn No Disconnected 8.0 4.4 . No Disconnected 7 3.5 Right c o n t a c t c l D s e 4 1 .5 Tap A B 8.0 8.0 2.49 2.52 Disconnected Disconnected 8.0 8.6 4.4 No No 8.0 2.51 Disconnected 8.0 4.4 No A 8.0 1.05 Disconnected 8.0 2.1 No B C IAC53 4.4 'i No 72V C Feeder 14099 REMARKS 8.0 8.0 1.06 1.08 Disconnected Disconnected 8.0 8.0 2.1 2.1 No No 6.0 Disconnected N 1.10 6,9 L e f t cc n t a c t close 80V R i a n t c intact, c l o s e 4 2 . 0 T a D Time n t e d - 0 6 . 8 9 S e c . 2.0 72V No IAV53 Bus T i e IAC 53 IAV53 REMARKS: Could, n o t do t r i p t e s t do to the t r a n s f o r m e r test-Batteries discharged. Undervoltage Relay t a r g e t s on both main breakers a r e b u r n t . T h i s was caused by a design e r r o r . P r e s e n t l y t h e undervoltage t a r g e t s a r e not f u n c t i o n a l however t h i s w i l l not a f f e c t the f u n c t i o n a l o f the Auto T r a n s f e r Scheme. -19- operation �MET ELECTRICAL TESTING C O M P A N Y , INC. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND CURRENT TRANSFORMER T E S T • ISSUED TO: PROJECT: Turner Construction REPORT NO: Union S t a t i o n DATE OF T E S T : 441M-82 5-2-82 LOCATION; Washington, D.C. SWlTCHGEAR/lTEM: Main 15 KV S w i t c h g e a r *********** ****************************************** **************************** A******** * BREAKER DATA Main Breaker CT RATIO LINE OR PHASE LOAD SIDE CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE AMPS VOLTS SAT. VOLTS MEGGERED @ 1000V PRI CURRENT SEC. CURRENT Main Breaker 1.0 .226 35 1300 meg 50 1.22 200/5 B Line 1.0 .225 35 13DD mpg sn 1 .w C Line 1.0 .223 35 1300 meq 50 1.24 200/5 A 1.0 .246 40 900 meo 50 1.22 B. 1.0 .247 40 900 meq 50 1.23 200/5 Breaker Line 200/5 Tie A 200/5 Feeder # 14056 200/5 C 1.0 .241 40 900 mea 50 1.22 200/5 A Line 1.0 .216 ?5 1100 meg 50 1 21 .213 35 1100 meq 50 #14099 .214 35 1100 meq 50 ?nn/5 R 1 inp 200/5 Feeder 1.0 C Line 1.0 JLJ2 1.24 _ ' REMARKS; -20- �s|p /VIET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/V1B4NY INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: REPORT Turner Construction 1201 P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 NUMBER: 441M-82R DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: M a y , 1982 DATE Washington, D.C. OF R E P O R T : OF T E S T : 5/02/82 Station DC O V E R P O T E N T I A L CABLE TEST LOCATION: Main Substation FEEDER DESIGNATION: CABLE SIZE: # 2 AWG Copper CABLE MANUFACTURER: Hatfield VOLTAGE RATING: 15 Kv CABLE TYPE: * *XLP Permalone Shielded Poly TERMINATION TYPE(S): Stresscones DESCRIPTION: P a r k i n g G a r a g e F e e d e r - f r o m b r e a k e r c u b i c a l 1*14099 t o t i e b r e a k e r t o p o w e r c o m p a n y m e t e r i n g to a i r s w i t c h f o r 1 0 0 0 K v a t r a n s f o r m e r at parking garage. A p p r o x i m a t e l y 5 5 0 f o o t of n e w c a b l e . LEAKAGE " CURRENT iiBBBeiiBBBii' B e e B •of test plotted versus •time. Since the actual readings are relative only to length and •type of cable, temper•ature, humidity, etc., results are shown only as accurately as the chart is plotted Readings are generally for our information but are available to •our client, to whom •this report is issued, •if requested in writing. '--fl (}lAAAA(}lAfiAA(jl fl T 4 20 - (:cccccccccc cc 5 6 25 25 9 This report represents the approximate values in microamperes recorded at the time 10 11 12 13 14 I - MINUTES E - TEST KV DC �fell /MET ELECTRIC4L TESTING CO/VIB4NY, INC. REPORT ISSUED TO: Turner Construction 1201 P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue Washington, D.C. 20004 REPORT NUMBER: 441M-82R DATE PROJECT: Union LOCATION: Washington, OF R E P O R T : May, 1982 DATE OF T E S T : 5/02/82 Station D.C. DC O V E R P O T E N T I A L CABLE TEST FEEDER DESIGNATION: LOCATION: Main Substation CABLE MANUFACTURER: Essex CABLE SIZE: »2 A W G Copper CABLE TYPE: XLP S h i e l d e d Poly VOLTAGE RATING: 15 Kv TERMINATION TYPE(S): Stresscones DESCRIPTION: N . V . C . B l d g . feeder & N . V . C . B l d g . Air C o n d i t i o n i n g Feeder f r o m b r e a k e r c u b i c a l 1*14056 to t i e b r e a k e r to p o w e r c o m p a n y m e t e r i n g to a i r s w i t c h f o r 1 5 0 0 K v a t r a n s f o r m e r a t N . V . C . b l d g . s u b s t a t i o n 8 to a i r s w i t c h for 750 Kva t r a n s f o r m e r at NVC bldg air c o n d i t i o n i n g substation both cables off same bus. 5.00 f Approximately 475 foot o f e x i s t i n g c a b l e . LEAKAGE CURRENT t 1 + + 1 + + 4.75 4.50 + M I C R 0 A M P E R E S e : 1 — cc 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 1 5 + 2 10 + 3 15 4 20 3 25 6 25 report repre- Readings are generally for our information ci;cccci:cccci: 7 8 9 25 25 25 This - -sents the approximate values in microamperes recorded at the time of test plotted versus time. Since the actual readings are relative only to length and type of cable, temperature, humidity, etc., results are shown only as accurately as the chart is plotted *eii-t~~ —£SB| :R Bi8BB§ii BB 4.25 4.00 3.75 3.50 3.25 3.00 2.75 • 2.50 — 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 — 1.25 - f but are available to our client, to whom this report is issued, if requested in writing. 10 11 1 13 2 14 15 - MINUTES - TEST KV DC ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Section Cost Estimates METHODOLOGY Itemization D i s c u s s e d Itemization C a t e g o r i e s E s t i m a t i n g a t Site Assumptions Identified Escalation Discussed ESCALATION CHART S C O P E O F WORK High Priority R e p a i r s : Urgent High Priority Repairs: Other R e s t o r a t i o n of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s R e n o v a t i o n s to Make a B a s i c Building CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATES High Priority Repairs: Urgent High Priority Repairs: Other R e s t o r a t i o n of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s R e n o v a t i o n s to Make a B a s i c Building ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Methodology Itemization D i s c u s s e d Renovations to Make a B a s i c B u i l d i n g : T h e cost estimate h a s been itemized into categories w h i c h d e s c r i b e each of the sequential stages of w o r k that a r e r e q u i r e d to produce the B a s i c B u i l d i n g , w h i c h is the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g of Union S t a t i o n , r e n o v a t e d to a point w h e r e i t is r e a d y for development. T h e i n t e n t of t h i s format i s to p r o v i d e the " f u l l y loaded" construction cost (defined below) for each one of the identified stages of w o r k , so t h a t each piece of information may be u s e f u l s e p a r a t e l y and independently i n a decision-making process. o o T h e t r a d i t i o n a l method for p r e s e n t i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n cost information i s by l i s t i n g the effort of each t r a d e for a project, assembling the t r a d e p r i c e s into a subtotal and t h e n applying appropriate m a r k u p s to a r r i v e at a total c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t . I n this case, each identifiable stage of w o r k was estimated i n d i v i d u a l l y a n d m a r k u p s for o v e r h e a d and profit added i n to the estimates for d i r e c t labor a n d materials to create the " f u l l y loaded" c o n s t r u c t i o n cost, an amount w h i c h t h e n was apportioned according to the five major design d i s c i p l i n e s ( A r c h i t e c t u r a l , S t r u c t u r a l , Mechanical, Plumbing and Electrical Engineering). Itemization Categories T h e categories i n the itemization a r e as follows: H i g h P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s and Rehabilitation to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g : o o Urgent Repairs Other High Priority Repairs o Demolition Renovations Itemized by Floor Groupings A l t e r n a t e s to C r e a t e More Rentable Space T h i s section sets out Scope of Work statements for each of the above c a t e gories, followed b y the c o n s t r u c t i o n cost estimates. Estimating at Site T h e f i v e man estimating component of the S u r v e y Team was stationed at the S u r v e y Team office i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g for the major portion of the time devoted to cost estimating. D u r i n g t h a t time, other members of the team who were a c t i v e i n the s u r v e y , a n a l y s i s and recommendation phases of the w o r k were p r e s e n t , as needed, to orient the estimators a n d to i n t e r p r e t r e p a i r methods, s y s t e m s concepts a n d intended scope of c o n s t r u c t i o n . Assumptions I d e n t i f i e d Specific approaches to E s t i m a t i n g were as follows: ESCALATION: In accordance with i n s t r u c t i o n s , a l l costs a r e e x p r e s s e d i n terms of J u n e 1982 d o l l a r s . T h e r e f o r e , no escalation i s i n c l u d e d i n a n y of the c o n s t r u c t i o n estimates. ( S e e , h o w e v e r , the Summary volume, w h e r e an assumed escalation factor h a s been i n c l u d e d for demonstration p u r p o s e s . ) BIDDING: A b a s i c assumption was made t h a t the t r a d i t i o n a l method of lump sum general contract bidding would be employed to b u i l d the project. R e s t o r a t i o n of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s 165 �F E E S AND F I N A N C I N G : B e c a u s e of the fact t h a t fees and f i n a n c i n g a r e negotiable items, the costs e x p r e s s e d i n the estimate a r e e x c l u s i v e of those items. ( H o w e v e r , i n the Summary an assumption was made as to the " s o f t " costs of design a n d management f e e s , b u t not f i n a n c i n g , t h i s is i n c l u d e d i n the escalated costs shown i n the Summary.) c o n s t r u c t i o n ( f o r h i s G C w o r k ) and at 10% on prime s u b c o n t r a c t (Mechanical and E l e c t r i c a l ) w o r k . MULTI-PHASE: T h e estimators were d i r e c t e d to assume t h a t the project might be multi-phased in nature. C o n s e q u e n t l y , the r e p a i r s , r e s t o r a t i o n , and Basic B u i l d i n g are all p r i c e d (down to s u b - c a t e g o r i e s ) , as if each would be p u r s u e d sequentially but separately. Though conservative in n a t u r e , the p r i c e s t h u s developed lend themselves to analytical decisionmaking. B e c a u s e of t h i s a p p r o a c h , contingencies were limited to ten percentage points throughout the estimate. A s noted i n the r e c i t a t i o n on the approaches to estimating, all cost information i s stated i n terms of J u n e 1982 d o l l a r s . I n recognition of the fact t h a t p l a n n i n g and negotiations to accomplish a project of t h i s magnitude w i l l be s p r e a d over a s i g n i f i c a n t period of time, the F e d e r a l Railroad A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a s k e d the s u r v e y team to state i t s opinion of escalation that might be encountered i n t h i s p r o c e s s . With full recognition that actual escalation i s calculable only i n r e t r o s p e c t , the s u r v e y team t u r n e d to the E n g i n e e r i n g News R e c o r d as a r e s o u r c e with w h i c h to develop a n opinion (based on ENR's records o v e r 10 y e a r s ) for use i n projecting c o s t s . T h a t developed opinion, i s l i s t e d on the following table. QUANTITY TAKE-OFFS: Where possible, t a s k s were a n a l y z e d i n terms of quantities of labor a n d m a t e r i a l . A n example of t h i s application i s the r e q u i r e d r e p a i r s to s t r u c t u r a l elements i n the u r g e n t a n d h i g h p r i o r i t y s u b categories. Where information was l e s s precise, a prototype element was h y p o t h e s i z e d , r e l a t e d to the estimators' experience on other projects, and p r i c e d as a n example of t h a t k i n d of work on a square-foot unit-price basis. MARKUP: Other assumptions affecting the estimate a r e t h a t Department of Labor prevailing wage r a t e s would apply and t h a t the m a r k u p for G e n e r a l C o n t r a c t o r ' s overhead profit a n d bonds would be at 35% on r e p a i r s and renovation w o r k and at 30% on new 166 The estimating calculation b a c k up sheets a r e bound u n d e r separate cover as A p p e n d i x B , Cost a n d E n g i n e e r i n g Calculations. Escalation D i s c u s s e d �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Escalation Chart Year Index 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1011 1102 1156 1242 1362 1489 1609 1740 1897 2015 2194 Arithmetic A v g . Weighted A v g . 1977 t h r u 82 Consensus S c o p e of W o r k % Escalation Urgent I n t h i s category have been grouped those r e p a i r s n e c e s s a r y to protect the b u i l d i n g a g a i n s t f u r t h e r deterioration. Some of these items of w o r k a r e , i n the opinion of the Survey Team, p a r t i c u l a r l y u r g e n t i n o r d e r to protect the b u i l d i n g from the t h r e a t of imminent danger - - danger that could a r i s e at a n y time. Recommended u r g e n t r e p a i r s are: 9.0 4.9 7.5 9.7 9.3 8.0 8.1 9.0 6.2 8.9 Architectural 8.06 8.34 8.04 8.14 Projected E s c a l a t i o n O v e r 1982 (Compounded A n n u a l l y ) 8.14 83 16.94 84 26.46 85 36.76 86 47.89 87 News Source: Engineering B u i l d i n g C o s t I n d e x 20 C i t y (1913 = 100) High Priority R e p a i r s : Record Average Waterproofing of the n o r t h Basement wall i s e s s e n t i a l to p r e v e n t further w a t e r damage to the b u i l d i n g . Structural S B - 4 : R e p a i r Esplanade slab and u t i l i t y t u n n e l and s t r u c t u r a l connections. Sl-4: R e p a i r steel framing connection below the east wall of the C o n c o u r s e . S4-2: R e p a i r corbel above Main H a l l . SR-1: R e p a i r main framing beams at Gymnasium and Storage Room. Reinforce steel i n flat roof a r e a . S R 2 and 3 : R e p a i r West and E a s t T a n k Room ceiling and roof f r a m i n g . S R - 6 : C l e a n , paint and fireproof steel at southeast pavilion roof f r a m i n g . Mechanical No w o r k r e q u i r e d . Plumbing Replace the i n t e r i o r r a i n w a t e r conductor system. 167 �Electrical 52- 1: R e p a i r floor c r a c k s V a u l t Room at Second Floor. in East 5 3 - 2: R e p a i r floor c r a c k s V a u l t Room at T h i r d Floor. I n v e s t i g a t e and c o r r e c t c r o s s connection between N V C a n d WMATA standpipe systems at Siamese connection. in East Room floor Replace b a t t e r i e s , r a c k , w i r i n g a n d c h a r g e r for 48 D C operation of 1 5 K V circuit breakers. Replace i n d i c a t i n g lamps for s w i t c h g e a r . 54- 3: crack. Replace undervoltage r e l a y s a n d r e w i r e t a r g e t c i r c u i t i n g for H . V . breakers indicating targets. CENTRIFUGAL WATER CHILLER: S e r v i c i n g c o n t r o l s , specifically r e p l a c e ment of a r e l a y i n the condensor water control u n i t . Remove parking garage substation enclosure, provide new outdoor enclosure. High Priority R e p a i r s : Repair East Tank Mechanical AHU-8: Repair or replacement of cooling coil r e q u i r e d ; r e p a i r defective temperature control a i r p i p i n g . Other T h e following l i s t of items i s other s i g n i f i c a n t elements of h i g h p r i o r i t y repair work: Architectural P r o v i d e waterproofing seals at penet r a t i o n s of L o n g - H a u l T u n n e l s u p p o r t e d deck s l a b . TEMPERATURE CONTROLS: Servicing and general maintenance of the complete system is required. ROTATING EQUIPMENT (AHU'S, PUMPS, FANS, UNIT HEATERS): S e r v i c i n g and maintenance r e q u i r e d on all equipment. FILTERS: system. Change filters throughout Structural Plumbing SB-1: Long-Haul Tunnel: fireproof s u p p o r t s t e e l . SB-4: wall. Clean and R e w i r e electric hot w a t e r generator motor control c e n t e r . Remove shores at n o r t h Basement Replace r e l a y control p a n e l . Sl-2: C l e a n and fireproof steel at u n d e r s i d e of F i r s t Floor Main B u i l d i n g . Sl-3: C l e a n and fireproof u n d e r s i d e of C o n c o u r s e . 168 to steel at at electric hot water Electrical I n s t a l l new f i r e alarm annunciation s y s t e m . detection and �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Install new primary distribution equipment, i n c l u d i n g new step-down substations. I n s t a l l new 750 k w emergency and d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment. generator Restoration of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s T h e following l i s t indicates r e s t o r a t i o n w o r k to take place i n the a r e a s l i s t e d w i t h i n the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g . Architectural GENERAL ALL SPACES: Remove a l l N V C f i t - u p items from spaces ( t h e s e items include displays, graphics, cabinet w o r k , platforms, e t c . ) . Remove a l l n o n - b e a r i n g i n t e r i o r p a r t i tions c o n s t r u c t e d i n spaces as a p a r t of the N V C . MAIN H A L L : R e f i l l all granite holes w i t h matching epoxy p a s t e . R e p a i r four damaged p i l a s t e r bases w i t h matching epoxy p a s t e . Clean a l l g r a n i t e . Clean all s t a t u a r y . Remove all s u r f a c e s to l e v e l subfloor. I n s t a l l marble t i l e s . Remove peeling p a i n t . A p p l y skim coat to damaged c e i l i n g , 250 s q . f t . Polychrome paint application. Remove 2 stainless steel water fountains. I n s t a l l 2 granite w a t e r f o u n t a i n s . R e p a i r hinges and locks on casement windows i n a l c o v e s . Reglaze casement windows. S c r a p e and r e p a i n t all framework. R e p a i r ornamental i r o n i n a l c o v e s . Remove wooden doors and h a r d w a r e . Replace 66 doors; matching o r i g i n a l design. Remove old thermometers and r e p a i r granite i n three locations i n v e s t i b u l e s . Repair and paint ten grilles in vestibule. R e p a i r and paint four metal doors i n vestibule. S c r a p e peeling paint on c e i l i n g . P a t c h 250 s q . f t . of holes i n p l a s t e r i n ceiling. iqq �R e c o n s t r u c t 12 lineal feet of egg d a r t molding. Skim coat 20% of ceiling a r e a . Replace 18 b r o k e n window p a n e s . S c r a p e a n d paint window f r a m i n g . and E A S T H A L L : Skim coat 750 s q . f t . of c l e r e s t o r y wall w i t h simple molding. Remove 25 s q . f t . of e x i s t i n g p l a s t e r a n d r e c o n s t r u c t p l a s t e r as p e r original design. Replaster 200 l i n . f t . of cornice's edge. Skim coat 67 s q . f t . of the f r i e z e . R e p l a s t e r 97 s q . f t . of the a r c h i t r a v e . Remove plaster from pilasters and replace w i t h bonded p l a s t e r a p p r o x i mately 2,500 s q . f t . C o n s t r u c t 1,200 s q . f t . of C.M.U. w i t h p l a s t e r f i n i s h a n d opening for double doors. S t r i p a l l scagliola, repair chipping, and r e f i n i s h . R e c o n s t r u c t ten s q . f t . of decorative molding a r o u n d door. C o n s t r u c t two new window enframements matching e x i s t i n g . R e p a i r f i v e s q . f t . of V e r d e antique marble b a s e . Scrape a l l w a l l s . Polychrome p a i n t c l e r e s t o r y w a l l s . S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and p a i n t remaining wall a r e a . Remove all s u r f a c i n g to subfloor. I n s t a l l marble t i l e s . Replace one 2' x 2' s k y l i g h t p a n e . S c r a p e and paint s k y l i g h t f r a m i n g . Scrape, spackle, and p a i n t plaster ceiling beams. I n s t a l l t h r e e sets of wooden doors to match e x i s t i n g . Replace two p u s h p l a t e s . Replace two door p u l l s . Replace ten c l e r e s t o r y windows to match existing. P l a s t e r i n t e r i o r of s k y l i g h t . 170 WEST H A L L (INCLUDING CONCESSION A R E A ) : C l e a n a l l g r a n i t e and s t a t u a r y . F i l l numerous holes i n granite w i t h epoxy p a s t e . Repoint g r a n i t e . S c r a p e a n d spackle painted a r a s . Polychrome p a i n t . Remove s u r f a c i n g to l e v e l subfloor. I n s t a l l marble t i l e s . I n s t a l l t e r r a z z o i n Concession A r e a . R e p l a s t e r two small holes i n p l a s t e r beams. S c r a p e and s p a c k l e p l a s t e r beams. Polychrome p l a s t e r beams. Replace b r o k e n s k y l i g h t pane. S c r a p e and paint s k y l i g h t f r a m i n g . Remove anodized aluminum revolving doors and f r a m i n g . I n s t a l l two sets wooden doors to match existing. Install two new ornamental iron s p a n d r e l s above doors. Replace one b r o k e n c l e r e s t o r y pane. S c r a p e and paint c l e r e s t o r y f r a m i n g . R e p a i r clock. C o n s t r u c t 30 s q . f t . w i r e l a t h and p l a s t e r i n concession a r e a . R e c o n s t r u c t 25 l i n . f t . of decorative cornice i n concession a r e a . Remove r o l l i n g gates. Skim coat entire ceiling i n Concession area. MEN'S TOILET ROOM COMPLEX: A p p l y new skim coat to 400 s q . f t . plain p l a s t e r w a l l . R e c o n s t r u c t s i x c o r n e r beads. Reconstruct three s q . ft. a r c h . R e c o n s t r u c t 20 l i n . f t . c o r n i c e . I n s t a l l 220 s q . f t . w i r e l a t h and p l a s t e r below windows l e v e l w i t h e x i s t i n g w a l l . I n s t a l l 350 s q . f t . w i r e lath and p l a s t e r at wall of Mezzanine. S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint all w a l l s . Remove a l l s u r f a c e s to l e v e l subfloor. Install terrazzo. R e p l a s t e r minor holes i n ceiling p l a s t e r . �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Reconstruct 15 l i n . f t . decorative cornice. S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint all c e i l i n g s . R e p a i r hinges a n d locks on casement windows. S c r a p e and paint window f r a m i n g . Remove all toilet p a r t i t i o n s . WOMEN'S ORIGINAL TOILET ROOM (135A): Prepare existing rough c o n s t r u c t i o n for bonded p l a s t e r f i n i s h . A p p l y 750 s q . f t . bonded p l a s t e r to rough wall. C o n s t r u c t 120 s q . f t . of wall w i t h metal l a t h and p l a s t e r . Remove 400 s q . f t . c r a c k i n g p l a s t e r from w a l l . R e p l a s t e r 400 s q . f t . of wall s u r f a c e . S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint a l l w a l l s . Remove a l l s u r f a c i n g down to subfloor. Install terrazzo. S c r a p e all paint from c e i l i n g . A p p l y skim coat to ceiling a n d p l a s t e r beam. Paint new c e i l i n g . R e p a i r c l e r e s t o r y window mullions. Replace five glass p a n e s . R e p a i r hinges a n d l o c k s on casement windows. S c r a p e and paint window f r a m i n g . Install wooden sills at casement windows. WOMEN'S L O U N G E AND T O I L E T ROOM ( 1 3 6 A - B ) : C o n s t r u c t 130 s q . f t . metal l a t h and p l a s t e r below window l e v e l w i t h existing wall. S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint all w a l l s . Remove s u r f a c i n g to l e v e l subfloor. Install terrazzo. Replace two b r o k e n c l e r e s t o r y window panes. R e p a i r hinges and locks on casement window. S c r a p e and paint window f r a m i n g . Remove a l l toilet p a r t i t i o n s . R e p a i r o r i g i n a l clock. 171 O R I G I N A L LUNCHROOM/NVC T H E A T E R S : Demolish projection room. R e p l a s t e r damaged p l a s t e r walls a n d molding. S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint a l l w a l l s . Remove a l l s u r f a c i n g to l e v e l subfloor. I n s t a l l marble t i l e . R e p l a s t e r damaged ceiling p l a s t e r a n d molding. Scrape, spackle, and paint entire ceiling. Remove two sets of metal doors. I n s t a l l two sets of wooden doors. Remove b r i c k w o r k from nine c l e r e storys. Remove boarding from one c l e r e s t o r y . R e b u i l d eight c l e r e s t o r y windows. Reglaze two c l e r e s t o r y windows. Paint a l l windows. Remove projection screens and a l l other equipment. PRESIDENTIAL SUITE: S c r a p e , s p a c k l e , and paint entire a r e a . Clean marble. Replace one l o c k . Replace eight door p u l l s . Replace s i x p u s h p l a t e s . Replace one k e y lock w i t h e s c u t c h e o n . Restore e x t e r i o r doors. C O N C O U R S E : Repoint wall as needed. Replace 300 s q . f t . of w a t e r damaged t e r r a cotta. Replace 27 t e r r a cotta reeds 1-1/2" x 12". Replace 6 ' - 6 " x 2 ' - 0 " section of t e r r a cotta i n c l u d i n g f i n i s h on opposite side of wall i n nine locations. R e p a i r t e r r a cotta c h i p p i n g w i t h epoxy paste. Demolish entire r e s t a u r a n t a r e a . Replace 200 s q . f t . white coat. R e p a i r damage to concrete floor. Clean e n t i r e concrete floor. Reconstruct s i x coffers. R e c o n s t r u c t 100 l i n . f t . of egg and d a r t molding. �P a t c h 325 s q . f t . of holes i n p l a s t e r . Skim coat 15% of c e i l i n g . R e c o n s t r u c t 10% of cove molding. Replace 20% of glass i n c e i l i n g . Scrape, spackle, and paint entire ceiling. Replace r e v o l v i n g doors w i t h wooden doors matching o r i g i n a l d e s i g n . Replace two sets of metal doors w i t h wooden. R e p a i r or replace 21 wooden windows as p e r o r i g i n a l d e s i g n . I n s t a l l t h r e e ornamental i r o n s p a n d r e l s . EXTERIOR FACADES: Repair cracks in domes, masonry walls and p i e r s as required. Clean masonry staining temporary t e c h n i q u e s . Rehabilitate double throughout b u i l d i n g . using hung con- masonry joints as G r i n d w a l k i n g s u r f a c e at E a s t Portico and r e s e a l e x i s t i n g concrete s u r f a c e . R e p a i r E a s t a n d West Concourse facades. SKYLIGHTS: R e s t o r e small s k y l i g h t s above E a s t Hall ( 1 3 7 A ) , K i t c h e n ( 1 3 2 A ) , Baggage (102-118) and Offices at u p p e r levels. Remove r o o f i n g , reconstruct s k y l i g h t framing and glaze w i t h c o n temporary s y s t e m . C l e a n and r e p a i r i n t e r i o r ceiling l e v e l glazing where e x i s t i n g to r e s t o r e o r i g i n a l a p p e a r a n c e . Restore (120A). 172 Restore skylight above Concourse (100). Remove roof and decking, reglaze o v e r e x i s t i n g framing w i t h c o n temporary s y s t e m . C l e a n and r e p a i r interior ceiling l e v e l glazing where e x i s t i n g to r e s t o r e o r i g i n a l appearance. Structural Item S I - 1 : C o n s t r u c t new F i r s t Floor framing o v e r the area where the P A V E has been removed i n the Main Hall (125A). Mechanical windows Replace wooden clerestory windows w i t h aluminum framed s a s h of similar design. Repoint deteriorated required. v a u l t , reglaze on e x i s t i n g framing w i t h contemporary system. Clean and r e p a i r i n t e r i o r ceiling level glazing where existing to restore original appearance. skylight above West Remove e n t i r e e x i s t i n g Hall glass MAIN H A L L ( 1 2 5 A ) : D u c t w o r k s e r v i n g PAVE from A H U - 6 and 8 w i l l be removed; ( r e m a i n i n g d u c t w o r k to be left for f u t u r e extension/modification). E A S T H A L L AND T H E A T E R S (137A, 1 3 7 B , 127, 1 2 8 ) : A l l d u c t w o r k and a i r terminals of A H U - 1 , 2, 3 and 4 a n d the r e t u r n a i r d u c t w o r k for A H U - 1 0 (located i n ceiling space of the p r e s e n t T h e a t e r s ) i s to be removed. W E S T H A L L ( 1 2 0 A ) : D u c t w o r k and a i r terminals of system A H U - 5 w i l l be removed. CONCOURSE (100): Ductwork and air terminals s e r v i n g the f a s t food k i t c h e n w i l l be removed ( i n c l u d i n g the e x h a u s t duct r i s e r s to t r u s s a b o v e ) . Cabinet h e a t e r s and the above floor steam piping serving these u n i t s w i l l be removed, pipe b r a n c h e s capped at main i n Basement. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Plumbing CONCOURSE hydrants. (100): Renovations to Make a B a s i c B u i l d i n g Remove wall Remove handicapped accessible d r i n k i n g fountains. T h e following areas r e q u i r e w o r k as d e s c r i b e d to create a b a s i c b u i l d i n g i n compliance w i t h applicable codes w i t h mechanical a n d e l e c t r i c a l systems i n place a n d suitable for tenant f i t - u p b y a developer. T h e w o r k as d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n applies to the H i s t o r i c B u i l d i n g only. Electrical Architectural Remove rooms. fast food kitchen and toilet Remove e x i s t i n g 2400 V t r a n s f o r m e r s and d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment, i n c l u d i n g all secondary d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment, conduit and w i r i n g . GENERAL ALL FLOORS: All nonb e a r i n g p a r t i t i o n s are to be removed from the b u i l d i n g u n d e r t h i s c a t e g o r y , e x c e p t those i n h i s t o r i c public p l a c e s , which were removed under the Restoration c a t e g o r y . All non-original suspended systems are to be removed. BASEMENT: Provide proofing on columns. 2-hour ceiling fire- P r o v i d e 2-hour throughout by floor. ceiling/floor assembly r e p a i r to tile arch P r o v i d e 2-hour w i t h protected on d r a w i n g s . gypsum wallboard w a l l openings as indicated C o n s t r u c t e x i t c o r r i d o r s w i t h 2-hour gypsum wallboard enclosure as indicated on d r a w i n g s . E n l a r g e Mechanical Room ( B 5 1 A ) into e x i s t i n g space ( B 4 4 ) as indicated and p r o v i d e 2-hour e n c l o s u r e . F I R S T F L O O R : Construct exit corridor as indicated on d r a w i n g s w i t h 2-hour rating. P r o v i d e four public toilet rooms. 173 �BAGGAGE A R E A (102-118): Remove wooden flooring a n d s l e e p e r s , i n t e r i o r d r y w a l l p a r t i t i o n s , masonry c o n s t r u c tion, paint from skylight glass. I n s t a l l concrete top coat. Clean all b r i c k . Seal grille on exterior wall from interior. R e p l a s t e r holes i n p l a s t e r beams. S c r a p e a n d p a i n t s k y l i g h t frame a n d p l a s t e r beams. S t a i r No. 2 ( e x i s t i n g ) s h a l l be enclosed w i t h a 2-hour r a t i n g . N O R T H W E S T ROOM ( 1 1 9 A ) : Remove floor s u r f a c e a n d d r y w a l l p a r t i t i o n i n g , paint as r e q u i r e d . R e p a i r ornamental i r o n s p a n d r e l . S t a i r No. 3 ( e x i s t i n g ) s h a l l be r e c o n structed to interconnect with the Basement a n d be enclosed w i t h a 2-hour r a t i n g . N O R T H E A S T ROOM ( 1 2 6 C ) : Remove floor s u r f a c e a n d h u n g c e i l i n g . Clean g r a n i t e a n d g l a s s . Paint as r e q u i r e d . R e p a i r ornamental i r o n s p a n d r e l . S t a i r No. 3A ( n e w ) s h a l l be c o n s t r u c t e d to s e r v e all floors and w i l l have a 2-hour r a t i n g . S E R V I N G A R E A ( 1 3 2 A ) : Remove floor s u r f a c e s , d r y w a l l p a r t i t i o n i n g , ceramic t i l e , plywood p a r t i t i o n i n g . Install terrazzo flooring. P a t c h p l a s t e r as r e q u i r e d . Paint. U P P E R F L O O R S : C o n s t r u c t a 2-hour r a t e d enclosure at C o r r i d o r s 404, 406 and 407 to p r o v i d e horizontal e g r e s s from spaces on S e c o n d , T h i r d a n d Fourth Floors. P r o v i d e 3/4 hour connect s t a i r s . rated corridors to STAIRS: S t a i r No. 1 ( e x i s t i n g ) be enclosed w i t h a 2-hour r a t i n g . S t a i r No. I A ( n e w ) s h a l l be c o n s t r u c t e d from the F o u r t h Floor to the F i r s t Floor contingent upon development of F o u r t h Floor West ( p r e s e n t l y the Gym 4 0 1 A ) . I t w i l l have a 2-hour r a t i n g . S t a i r s No. 4 and No. 5 s h a l l be enclosed w i t h a 2-hour r a t i n g and be connected w i t h a 2-hour c o r r i d o r at the F o u r t h Floor. S t a i r No. 6 s h a l l be removed. S t a i r No. 7 s h a l l be closed r i s e r s t a i r . replaced with a S t a i r No. 8 s h a l l be removed. S t a i r No. 9 r e q u i r e s a 2-hour r a t i n g i f program calls for r e t e n t i o n . S t a i r No. 10 s h a l l be removed. C o n s t r u c t toilet room f a c i l i t i e s . S t a i r s No. access. Remove wooden flooring and i n s t a l l 1 " concrete topping on all u p p e r f l o o r s . Stair No. demolition. A t all e x t e r i o r walls on u p p e r f l o o r s , p r o v i d e 1 " styrofoam i n s u l a t i o n board and gypsum wallboard protection. S t a i r No. 14 s h a l l be demolished. 174 shall 11 and 12 shall remain for 13 removed under NVC �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating ELEVATORS: E l e v a t o r s No. 1 , No. 2 and No. 3 s h a l l each be replaced w i t h a new t r a c t i o n t y p e of the same s i z e , s e r v i n g the same number of stops as the e x i s t i n g e l e v a t o r s . A n alternate p r i c e h a s been p r e p a r e d u s i n g h y d r a u l i c elevators i n l i e u of the t r a c t i o n t y p e as d e s c r i b e d above a n d e x t e n d i n g s e r v i c e for E l e v a t o r s No. 1 a n d No. 2 to the F o u r t h F l o o r . Structural SB-1: Remove h a n g e r s , c l e a n , and fireproof steel as r e q u i r e d . paint east SB-3: Remove e x i s t i n g wood framing a n d i n s t a l l new fireproofed steel and concrete deck at ramp to Subbasement. non-bearing partitions SB-6: R e p a i r Basement slab w h e r e e x c e s s i v e l y c r a c k e d . Replace Basement slab w h e r e levels a r e i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h proposed u s e s . FIRST FLOOR: No w o r k r e q u i r e d . UPPER F L O O R S : Preparatory are in the High Priority category. 6" chilled w a t e r loop i n Concourse Basement w i t h approximately 12 sets of valved outlets. Install new required. automatic controls as HEATING HOT WATER PLANTS: I n s t a l l new steam to hot water heat exchangers ( 2 ) . I n s t a l l new hot w a t e r pumps ( 6 ) . SB-2: R e p a i r c r a c k i n wall at end of t u n n e l to Subbasement. SB-5: Remove i n Basement. C r o s s connection of e x i s t i n g 380 ton and e x i s t i n g 180 ton chilled water plants. repairs Repair Mechanical CHILLED WATER PLANTS: Expand the chilled water p l a n t ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400 t o n s ) c o n s i s t i n g of: Centrifugal water c h i l l e r . Cooling tower - ejector type. Condenser water pump (1). C h i l l e d water pump ( 1 ) . I n s t a l l additional steam and condensate piping and a u x i l i a r y equipment. I n s t a l l new heating hot water bution loop at Basement c e i l i n g . distri- I n s t a l l new controls as r e q u i r e d . BASEMENT: Remove presently abandoned p i p i n g , d u c t s and f a n s . Remove remainder of the old steam and condensate mains not replaced i n the l a s t 40 y e a r s . Install e x h a u s t ventilation for T r u c k Dock and p a r k i n g a r e a s . the I n s t a l l addition of u n i t heaters water t y p e ) where r e q u i r e d . (hot I n s t a l l e x h a u s t s y s t e m for toilets. I n s t a l l e x h a u s t system and E l e c t r i c a l Rooms. for Mechanical FIRST FLOOR: Remove propeller e x h a u s t f a n s i n windows above B a l c o n y Walkway. 175 �Remove abandoned e x h a u s t a n d s u p p l y d u c t s a n d e x h a u s t fans S e r v i n g A r e a (132A). As historic surfaces are restored, mechanical systems w i l l be r e q u i r e d t h a t do not conflict w i t h these c r i t i c a l surfaces. T h e following r e n o v a t i o n s / modifications a r e p r o p o s e d : K I T C H E N (132A): New a i r terminals to A H U - 1 3 . ductwork and CONCOURSE (100): Conversion of e x i s t i n g A H U - 1 0 for cooling b y addition of cooling c o i l . Addition of f r e e - s t a n d i n g air terminals. kiosks for MAIN H A L L ( 1 2 5 A ) : New a i r d i s t r i bution t h r o u g h f r e e - s t a n d i n g k i o s k s , modified d u c t w o r k s y s t e m . E x t e n s i o n of d u c t w o r k from systems A H U - 9 a n d 10 to new k i o s k t y p e terminals. E x i s t i n g u n i t s A H U - 6 a n d 8 and A H U - 7 w i t h p r e s e n t d u c t w o r k i n the B a l c o n y (223 A - M ) w i l l r e m a i n . New r e t u r n a i r terminals and d u c t s to replace d u c t s removed. W E S T H A L L ( 1 2 0 A ) : New d u c t w o r k and a i r terminals to s a t i s f y the a r c h i t e c t u r a l scheme, utilizing existing AHU-5 located on Mezzanine F l o o r . New a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t ( A H U - 1 1 ) located o v e r h e a d for n o r t h portion of West Hall ( 1 2 0 A ) , p r e s e n t l y unconditioned. E A S T H A L L ( 1 3 7 A ) : New d u c t w o r k and a i r terminals for u n i t s A H U - 1 , 2 a n d 4, a r r a n g e d to blend into a r c h i t e c t u r a l scheme. New u n i t ( A H U - 1 2 ) a n d d u c t w o r k w i t h a i r terminals for portion of former National Bookstore ( 1 3 7 A ) a n d the new commercial a r e a i n former Women's Toilet. New f i n tube or r e c e s s e d convectors on h y d r o n i c s y s t e m at perimeter. PRESIDENTIAL SUITE (141, 142A, 143A, 138, 139A, 139): New u n i t (AHU-13) and ductwork with air terminals for former P r e s i d e n t i a l S u i t e . 176 New h y d r o n i c t y p e radiation and west glass s u r f a c e s . at east C o n t r o l s y s t e m modifications for all a i r handling systems, including conversion to v a r i a b l e a i r volume, e n e r g y c o n servation features and centralized controls. UPPER FLOORS: Remove steam and condensate risers, runouts, steam radiators, convectors, unit heaters and pipe coil r a d i a t o r s . Remove e x h a u s t and ventilation and f a n s . ducts Remove miscellaneous package air conditioners and a l l a i r conditioning ducts. New hydronic-type heating for Mezzanine, S e c o n d , T h i r d and F o u r t h radiation, with approximately six control v a l v e s per floor. New a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s ( A H U - 1 4 and 15) for v a r i a b l e a i r volume s y s t e m for Second and T h i r d Floors of E a s t Wing, �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating w i t h s u p p l y and r e t u r n d u c t s , mains to area. ( B r a n c h ducts and a i r terminals to be p r o v i d e d b y t e n a n t s . ) A i r h a n d l i n g u n i t s may be located i n new Mechanical Room, p r e v i o u s l y u s e d as the E a s t T a n k Room ( 4 0 3 ) , on Fourth Floor. New a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t ( A H U - 1 7 ) and duct mains for v a r i a b l e a i r volume s y s t e m for Second a n d T h i r d Floors of West Wing. Branch d u c t s and a i r terminals b y t e n a n t . New a i r h a n d l i n g u n i t ( A H U - 1 8 ) of same design at F o u r t h Floor West, new unit (AHU-16) of same design at F o u r t h Floor E a s t . Relocation of A H U - 5 ( p r e s e n t l y i n a Mechanical Room on Mezzanine) to the Basement. Remove all plumbing f i x t u r e s . Remove all exposed abandoned plumbing piping. Remove all plumbing piping and e q u i p ment i n former k i t c h e n . I n s t a l l new incoming domestic water s e r v i c e , water meter, meter pit w i t h b y p a s s for f i r e protection. I n s t a l l new f i r e protection standpipe s y s t e m , hose cabinets and f i r e e x t i n guishers (reuse salvageable fire extinguishers). I n s t a l l two generators. new domestic hot water I n s t a l l new house pumps. I n s t a l l new f i r e protection pumps. I n c r e a s i n g c a p a c i t y of A H U - 1 7 , a s s i g n e d to s e r v e the West Wing, to include rooms on the Mezzanine. I n s t a l l main d i s t r i b u t i o n piping f o r : domestic hot and cold water and hot water r e c i r c u l a t i o n , s a n i t a r y s y s t e m . Toilet e x h a u s t s y s t e m . Plumbing GENERAL ALL FLOORS: Remove domestic cold a n d hot water p i p i n g . all C a r r y out thorough i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the underground drain piping in Basement by closed c i r c u i t T V camera and t a k i n g additional samples. Cap incoming p i p i n g from W T C at n o r t h w a l l of C o n c o u r s e , i n Basement. BASEMENT: New plumbing f i x t u r e s , electric water coolers and b r a n c h piping to water and drainage pipe mains. Remove all above-ground sanitary p i p i n g , e x c e p t c a s t i r o n pipe i n B a s e ment t h a t may s e r v e the f u t u r e s y s t e m . S p r i n k l e r s y s t e m for storage rooms. Floor d r a i n s i n Mechanical Rooms. Remove fire protection standpipe s y s t e m p i p i n g and hose r a c k s . Remove water T a n k Rooms. storage tanks in R e f u r b i s h i n g the e x i s t i n g d u p l e x sump pumps. all 177 �Replacement of tops of e x i s t i n g d r a i n s and r o d d i n g d r a i n piping floor d r a i n to main p i p e . floor from F I R S T F L O O R : New plumbing f i x t u r e s , electric water coolers and b r a n c h piping from f i x t u r e s to m a i n s . UPPER FLOORS: New tures, electric water b r a n c h piping to m a i n s . plumbing coolers fixand New floor d r a i n i n Mechanical Room h o u s i n g A H U - 5 and i n new Mechanical Room (408) (former E a s t T a n k Room (403)). Electrical GENERAL ALL FLOORS: secondary cable and conduit. Remove Remove b r a n c h c i r c u i t i n g . Install distribution (46). panels and feeders I n s t a l l emergency d i s t r i b u t i o n for the entire b u i l d i n g . system I n s t a l l telephone r i s e r s y s t e m . I n s t a l l e n e r g y management s y s t e m . Install security T V surveillance (optional). BASEMENT: Remove conduit and w i r i n g . existing system vaults, F I R S T & UPPER FLOORS: Secondary b r a n c h d i s t r i b u t i o n e x t e n d e d from Main E l e c t r i c a l Closet on r e s p e c t i v e floors; lighting of Historic Building with exception of the V e s t i b u l e s ( 1 2 5 B - 1 2 5 F ; 125H-125K). 178 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Cost Estimate High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : Urgent 1.0 A R C H I T E C T U R A L (From S B - 4 ) Waterproof North Basement Wall 2.0 STRUCTURAL SB-4: R e p a i r Esplanade S l a b , Demolish U t i l i t y T u n n e l S I - 4 : R e p a i r S t r u c t u r a l Connections at E a s t Wall of Concourse S 4 - 2 : R e p a i r C o r b e l at T r u s s B e a r i n g , Main Hall SR-1: Gymnasium a n d Storage Room Roof S t r u c t u r e R e p a i r s S R - 2 : West T a n k Room Roof F r a m i n g S R - 3 : E a s t T a n k Room Roof F r a m i n g S R - 6 : Roof F r a m i n g , South E a s t C o r n e r Pavilion S U B T O T A L : Structural 2.1 3.0 3.1 PLUMBING Replace I n t e r i o r R a i n w a t e r Drainage S y s t e m C o r r e c t Siamese C r o s s Connection SUBTOTAL: Plumbing 4.1 ELECTRICAL R e p a i r Main Switchgear Battery System U n d e r v o l t a g e Relay a n d Indicator L i g h t R e p a i r s P a r k i n g Garage S u b s t a t i o n E n c l o s u r e S U B T O T A L : Electrical 5.0 TOTAL: 4.0 23,500 126,400 19,300 2,400 79,200 67,800 67,800 44,000 519,800 6,200 406,900 526,000 5,300 7,000 11,800 24,100 980,500 Urgent Repairs High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : Other 1.0 ARCHITECTURAL F i l l Holes i n L o n g Haul T u n n e l Slab 2.0 STRUCTURAL SB-1: Long Haul T u n n e l : Clean and F i r e p r o o f S u p p o r t Steel SB-4: Remove Shores at North Basement Wall 3,600 38,900 19,100 179 �2.1 3.0 Sl-2: F i r s t Floor Main B u i l d i n g : Clean a n d F i r e p r o o f S u p p o r t Steel Sl-3: F i r s t Floor C o n c o u r s e : Clean a n d F i r e p r o o f S u p p o r t Steel E a s t V a u l t Room Floor C r a c k 52- 1 E a s t V a u l t Room Floor C r a c k 53- 2 E a s t T a n k Room Floor C r a c k 54- 3 S U B T O T A L : Structural 150,000 96,400 2,300 2,300 3,700 312,700 M E C H A N I C A L AND P L U M B I N G Water C h i l l e r S e r v i c e A H U - 8 Coil Automatic T e m p e r a t u r e C o n t r o l System Service Rotating Equipment S e r v i c e Change F i l t e r s R e w i r e Hot Water Generator to Motor C o n t r o l C e n t e r Replace Relay at C o n t r o l Panel S U B T O T A L : Mechanical a n d Plumbing 5,500 11,200 2,900 733,400 338,800 697,000 4.1 ELECTRICAL New Main E l e c t r i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n New Emergency E l e c t r i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n New F i r e A l a r m S y s t e m S U B T O T A L : Electrical 5.0 TOTAL: 3.1 4.0 6.1 6.2 180 1,200 600 24,500 1,769,200 Other Repairs SUMMARY T O T A L : Repairs 6.0 1,900 1,200 2,110,000 High P r i o r i t y T O T A L : High Priority Repairs: Urgent TOTAL: High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s : Other SUMMARY T O T A L : High P r i o r i t y Repairs 980,500 2,110,000 3,090,500 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Restoration of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s t *] ..0 MAIN H A L L 1. 1 2. 0 2. 1 3. 0 3. 1 4. 0 4. 1 5. 0 5,,1 6.,0 6 .1 7..0 7 .1 Architectural Structural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : Main Hall E A S T AND W E S T A L C O V E S Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : Alcoves 1,371,300 440,000 8,000 16,500 1,835,800 69,300 900 1,300 71,500 VESTIBULES Architectural Electrical TOTAL: Vestibules 178,500 140,300 BALCONIES Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical TOTAL: Balconies 136,300 12,100 11,400 EAST HALL Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : E a s t Hall 568,500 2,200 2,200 WEST H A L L Architectural Electrical T O T A L : West Hall 459,500 2,600 CONCESSION A R E A Architectural Electrical T O T A L : Concession A r e a 156,300 2,900 318,800 159,800 572,900 462,100 159,200 * I n c l u d e s P . A . V . E . I n f i l l Restoration at 698,200 181 �8.0 8.1 9.0 9.1 MEN'S SMOKING ROOM C O M P L E X Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical TOTAL: Men's Smoking Room Complex 195,100 13,300 900 WOMEN'S L O U N G E C O M P L E X Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical TOTAL: Women's Lounge Complex 230,600 9,100 3,200 10.0 T H E A T R E S Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical 10.1 T O T A L : Theatres 297,000 5,800 12,700 11.0 P R E S I D E N T I A L S U I T E Architectural Electrical 11.1 T O T A L : P r e s i d e n t i a l Suite 117,700 15,400 12.0 C O N C O U R S E Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical 12.1 T O T A L : Concourse 1,246,100 14,000 25,300 13.0 E X T E R I O R F A C A D E S Architectural Electrical 13.1 T O T A L : E x t e r i o r Facades 2,511,900 140,400 14.0 S K Y L I G H T S West Hall Concourse Miscellaneous 14.1 T O T A L : Skylights 1,436,000 1,400,700 1,161,300 15.0 T O T A L : 182 Restoration of H i s t o r i c F i n i s h e s 209,300 242,900 315,500 133,100 1,285,400 2,652,300 3,998,000 12,416,600 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Cost Estimating Renovations to Make a B a s i c B u i l d i n g 1.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 3.0 3.1 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 6.0 6.1 7.0 7.1 D E M O L I T I O N B A S E M E N T AND U P P E R FLOORS Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : Demolition 1,174,300 574,800 169,100 1,918,200 BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION Architectural Structural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical TOTAL: Basement 785,400 104,800 3,518,100 216,700 F I R S T FLOOR CONSTRUCTION Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : F i r s t Floor 441,500 2,400,800 1,345,700 M E Z Z A N I N E (NON R E N T A B L E ) S E C O N D AND T H I R D F L O O R S C O M B I N E D CONSTRUCTION Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : M, 2 a n d 3 Floors 4,625,000 4,188,000 500,500 1,666,200 724,800 2,891,500 F O U R T H FLOOR WEST C O N S T R U C T I O N Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : F o u r t h Floor West 55,700 317,000 158,000 FOURTH FLOOR E A S T CONSTRUCTION Architectural Mechanical and Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : F o u r t h Floor E a s t 171,600 480,000 208,100 MEZZANINE ( R E N T A B L E ) ADD Architectural Mechanical a n d Plumbing Electrical T O T A L : Mezzanine A d d 9,900 112,000 21,500 530,700 859,700 143,400 183 �8.0 8.1 9.0 E L E V A T O R S 1 , 2 AND 3 - R E P L A C E M E N T Architectural 372,900 Electrical 18,300 TOTAL: Elevator E L E V A T O R S 1 AND 2 A d d F o r F o u r t h Floor S e r v i c e 10.0 T O T A L : 391,200 31,000 Renovations to Make Basic Building GRAND 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 184 15,578,700 TOTAL TOTAL: High Priority Repairs TOTAL: Restoration of H i s t o r i c Finishes TOTAL: Renovation to Make B a s i c Building GRAND T O T A L 3,090,500 12,416,600 15,578,700 31,085,800 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Reference References DRAWING L O G BOOK LOG PERSONNEL LOG ��R e f e r e n c e Drawing L o g Union Station Main B u i l d i n g - S t r u c t u r a l D. H . Burnham & Co. Architects A u g u s t 1 5 , 1903 WMATA West C l o s u r e Wall H a r r y Weese & A s s o c . November 1975 Union Station Concourse - S t r u c t u r a l American B r i d g e C o . J u n e 3 , 1904 G a l l e r y Connection to Metro Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers December 16, 1975 Union Station (Partial) D. H . Burnham & Co. Architects F e b r u a r y 1 , 1905 National V i s i t o r C e n t e r - E l e c t r i c a l Ortlip-Foley F e b r u a r y 26, 1976 Union Station R e v i s i o n s (Partial) D. H . Burnham & Co. Architects 1903-1907 Union Station E x i s t i n g Plumbing ( P a r t i a l ) Sullivan Assoc. March 1976 Project 2 & 3 - P a r k i n g Garage Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers December 2 1 , 1973 A i r Conditioning and Heating Systems Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger September 1 1 , 1976 Project 1 - A l t e r a t i o n s to Union Station Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers F e b r u a r y 28, 1975 B o r i n g Samples Foundation T e s t S e r v i c e I n c . March 18, 1975 Northwest Ramp Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers A p r i l 1 5 , 1975 New R a i l r o a d Station - E a s t and West Sections Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers May 15, 1975 Southeast Ramp Seymour A u e r b a c h A r c h i t e c t s Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers May 19, 1975 Mechanical & Relocation of V a u l t s 7 & 17 National P a r k S e r v i c e October 1976 T h e National V i s i t o r C e n t e r T h e Potomac Group A r c h i t e c t s V a r i e d dates C i t y Post Office C o n v e y o r B r i d g e Restoration McLeod F e r r a r a E n s i g n A r c h i t e c t s A p r i l 15, 1977 & E l e v a t o r s for National V i s i t o r C e n t e r A r t h u r Beard Engineers A u g u s t 18, 1978 Roof R e p a i r s Phase I Vosbeck, Vosbeck, Kendrick, J u n e 6, 1980 Redinger Capitol Hill Steam Hookup Vosbeck, Vosbeck, Kendrick, F e b r u a r y 17, 1981 Redinger 185 �ENGINEERING SURVEY E x i s t i n g Station P l a n s Skidmore, Owings & M e r r i l l May 18, 1981 Roof R e p a i r s Phase I I Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger December 9 , 1981 186 �Reference Book Log Reports Special S t u d y for the F R A T a s k on Union Station DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons October, 1977 Force National Visitor Center Plan with Replacement Station Analysis and E v a l u a t i o n w i t h Associated C a p i t a l C o s t s DeLeuw, Cather/Parsons J a n u a r y 17, 1978 National Visitor Center Parking Structure Final Report Vol. I & I I KCE Structural Eng. September 24, 1979 National V i s i t o r C e n t e r Roof R e p a i r s Project Manual National P a r k S e r v i c e J u l y 10, 1980 I n v i t a t i o n for B i d s Elevators for the Center September 1 1 , 1978 National R e p o r t of S u b s u r f a c e Sverdrup & Parcel 1972 Geotechnical R e p o r t and Esplanade Sverdrup & Parcel J u n e , 1975 Visitor Southeast Metallurgical I n v e s t i g a t i o n of Beams Value E n g i n e e r i n g L a b o r a t o r y J u n e 24, 1974 Three I Roofing System S t u d y National V i s i t o r C e n t e r WKR May, 1977 Steam Source S t u d y a n d H V A C System Retrofit WKR J a n u a r y , 1978 S t r u c t u r a l F e a s i b i l i t y Studies and C o n s t r u c t i o n C o s t Estimate for Completion of V a r i o u s Elements National V i s i t o r C e n t e r WKR September, 1978 Roof R e p a i r s S t u d y National V i s i t o r C e n t e r WKR November, 1979 Investigation - Union Station - A n Assessment of Commercial Development Opportunities Urban Land Institute Ramp Structural Feasibility Study and s t r u c t i o n Cost Estimate S v e r d r u p & P a r c e l and A s s o c . September, 1978 Con- Project Manual Southwest B u s Repairs S v e r d r u p & P a r c e l and A s s o c . September, 1980 Ramp Roof R e p a i r s S t u d y Supplement WKR M a r c h , 1980 Supplement to Steam Source S t u d y WKR May, 1980 I n v i t a t i o n for B i d s Capitol Hill Steam Hook-Up M a r c h , 1981 187 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Books Roof R e p a i r s Phase I I National V i s i t o r C e n t e r 75% Submission WKR R a i l r o a d Stations Meeks, C a r r o l l 1964 A u g u s t , 1981 Codes American National S t a n d a r d s p e c i f i c a tions for making b u i l d i n g s a n d facilities accessible to and usable b y p y s i c a l l y handicapped people A N S I A 1 1 7 . 1 - 1980 Model Plumbing Metropolitan A r e a September, 1971 Code for The Washington, D . C . Gas Code October, 1973 Washington, D . C . B u i l d i n g Code 1902 Washington, D . C . B u i l d i n g Code 1906 Washington, D . C . B u i l d i n g Code October, 1981 Washington, D . C . E l e c t r i c a l Code J a n u a r y , 1981 Washington, D . C . Zoning Regulations December, 1981 Washington, D . C . F i r e Code F e b r u a r y , 1982 Washington, D . C . Plumbing Code M a r c h , 1982 188 C o n s t r u c t i o n H i s t o r y of Union Station O l s z e w s k i , George 1970 �r~ Reference Personnel L o g Washington Metropolitan Authority C a r o l A . Sygmond Capitol Power Plant L a w r e n c e R . Stoffel Area Transit District of Columbia Department of Housing and Community Development B u i l d i n g and Zoning Robert L e l a n d S t e w a r t Monroe District of Columbia Transportation Gary B u r c h Department of D i s t r i c t of Columbia Office of E n v i r o n mental P l a n n i n g and Management Clifton C o l l i n s C a l v i n Thomas Federal Railroad Administration J e f f Godwin Felton Jones Hanan K i v e t t E d w a r d P . Manion C h a r l e s Middlebrook National P a r k S e r v i c e Benjamin H . B i d e r m a n Howard Glifort Ray Johanningsmeir Malcolm Wilber National V i s i t o r C e n t e r Delbert Ennis Sverdrup & Parcel Engineers Ronald E . Heil George J . Thomas Vosbeck Vosbeck Kendrick Fred Kuntz Consulting Redinger Washington T e r m i n a l C o . Robert A . Herman Kenneth L . Kulick Lawrence A. Phillips 189 ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engineering survey of Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Engineering--Surveys Description An account of the resource Prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. In addition to a <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6046" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Engineering survey of Union Station : Summary">summary</a>, the <em>Engineering survey of Union Station&nbsp;</em>also contains <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6102" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Appendix A : investigative report">Appendix A : investigative report</a> and <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6101" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Appendix B : structural and cost calculations">Appendix B : structural and cost calculations</a>. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ewing, Cole, Cherry, & Parsky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 7, 1982 Revised August 12, 1982 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Department of Transportation United States. Federal Railroad Administration https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/473c73f48c6864a73f8b2b2898e47f71.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EUY3%7Ero98EdYW4vRKB6SAqiuGuNTqXxaT7WUCK2SpRYkXU5kKYDCxCh%7ENlITdbK2LnVH9z%7E0loFEIW8cxwdt9loAtsoinrgUqN3LdetGC6PkWnxRpiLPkAvknmN9gRo4%7Ey3eq7FoHDMMj8K8ixOOQVKtweaV5AdfhW8raVoGVTVwtZY-JfzuWeBEy1LkVY30VpvMVLwM4tYdTtOLOmIgSjEEVj1y00GhzHpBt0kURkPUtXqw7j5Q%7Eo7%7EybqK3hKs0eAqbpOEnD6z6yZ8lzsUa71VVZ6LrGm50GpoI1nr4T2rR2GGsR3-V8StbtinJk5O1uLn3kXfKBmzq-%7ExKuPmMg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a60598cc4867290aeead148b036109d7 PDF Text Text SUMMARY ENGINEERING SURVEY OF UNION STATION WASHINGTON D.C. For T h e F e d e r a l R a i l r o a d Administration Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n EWING COLE CHERRY PARSKY ARCHITECTS UNION S T A T I O N ENGINEERS PLANNERS ��SUMMARY ENGINEERING SURVEY UNION S T A T I O N WASHINGTON, D . C . FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U . S . D E P A R T M E N T OF TRANSPORTATION C O N T R A C T NO. DTFR53-82-C—00265 JUNE 7, 1982 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 12, 1982 EWING C O L E C H E R R Y P A R S K Y FEDERAL R E S E R V E BANK BUILDING 100 N. 6TH S T R E E T P H I L A D E L P H I A , P E N N S Y L V A N I A 19106 - 20003 UL ��ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary Introduction The Union Station Redevelopment Act of 1981 ( P . L . 97-125, 95 Stat. 1667, Dec. 29, 1981) required the Secretary of Transportation to c a r r y out an engineering s u r v e y of Union Station in Washington, D . C . The s u r v e y was to determine those actions necessary or desirable to preserve the long-term s t r u c t u r a l integrity of the Historic Union Station B u i l d i n g , to provide functional utility systems for and restore r a i l passenger handling functions to the Historic B u i l d i n g , and to make detailed estimates of the costs of such rehabilitation. A s u r v e y team from the firm of Ewing Cole C h e r r y P a r s k y has completed such a s u r v e y of Union Station, under contract to the Federal Railroad Administration ( F R A ) , and this report constitutes the r e s u l t s of the team's efforts. View of Carriage Porch looking from southwest Room on Third Floor. Note water damage on floor and ceiling. 1 �Condition of the Building Background And Assumptions The S u r v e y Team's most important conclusion is that the Historic Union Station Building is basically s t r u c t u r a l l y sound at the present time. However, the S u r v e y Team has found that there are a number of s t r u c t u r a l problems at specific locations which generate serious concern about safety in the f u t u r e , unless action is quickly taken to halt and repair the deterioration which has occurred over an extended period of time. T h i s report is intended to be a baseline reference document, with a limited scope and purpose. I n order to develop a scope of work for the rehabilitation of Union Station and to estimate the costs of that work, the S u r v e y Team had to operate on the basis of certain assumptions. These assumptions are extremely important to a correct understanding of what this report is and is not, and how the conclusions i n this report should be interpreted (especially in comparison with previous studies of Union Station) by both public sector planners and private sector developers. I n the opinion of the S u r v e y Team, based on the present condition of the s t r u c t u r e of the building, the rate of deterioration is rapidly i n c r e a s i n g , and w i l l , within the relatively near f u t u r e , render unsafe specific structural elements noted in the report. I n addition, the exterior and interior finishes of the building have been found to have suffered greatly from water damage, the mechanical systems are i n a state of advanced d i s r e p a i r , and the electrical system needs to be completely replaced. I t is the S u r v e y Team's opinion that all of the Building's deficiencies are reparable. The S u r v e y Team believes that the program of rehabilitation recommended in this report would make Union Station safe and usable for many y e a r s to come, providing that sufficient action is taken within a reasonable time to halt f u r t h e r erosion of those s t r u c t u r a l elements found to be marginal. 2 Redevelopment Decisions Excluded F i r s t it should be understood that this report contains no findings, conclusions, or opinions regarding the redevelopment of Union Station. Although the S u r v e y Team hopes its report will prove a creditable f i r s t step toward that end, it necessarily stops short of making any assumptions or drawing any conclusions as to the ultimate reconfiguration of Union Station to accommodate any particular mix of transportation and commercial u s e s . Any such assumptions would have been premature to consider during the Engineering Survey. FRA recently engaged a development consultant to c a r r y out the planning and market feasibility study required by the Union Station Redevelopment A c t . To a large extent that consultant's planning effort could not go forward without the benefit of the Engineering Survey; similarly, the scope of the Engineering S u r v e y could not include a final estimate �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary Deterioration on East Central Roof of the costs of redeveloping Union Station for r a i l and commercial uses unless and until the development consultant provided the S u r v e y Team with realistic development concepts to work w i t h . Consequently, this report includes no discussion of restoring r a i l facilities to the Historic B u i l d i n g . The S u r v e y Team h a s , however, compiled a great deal of data that can be used to generate recommendations and estimates for improving r a i l facilities. Although not within the scope of this report, the S u r v e y Team is prepared to c a r r y out such follow-on estimating work in conjunction with F R A ' s development planning. Scope Limited to Historic Building The report is limited in scope to the Historic Union Station Building only. T h e r e a r e , of course, several other s t r u c t u r e s in the Union Station complex that lie outside the Historic B u i l d i n g : the incomplete p a r k i n g garage (which includes an operating bus deck and the replacement railroad s t a t i o n ) , ramps s e r v i n g the bus deck, an incomplete southeast ramp, and an incomplete esplanade roadway. These s t r u c t u r e s are being s u r v e y e d separately under the auspices of the D i s t r i c t of Columbia Department of Transportation ( D C D O T ) . As provided in the Union Station Redevelopment Act and a subsequent agreement between DCDOT and U S D O T , the completion of these other s t r u c t u r e s is D C D O T ' s responsibility. The S u r v e y Team and D C D O T ' s consultant ( S v e r d r u p & Parcel) agreed upon a working division of labor under which S v e r d r u p & Parcel took responsibility for s u r v e y i n g everything outside the walls and foundations of the Historic B u i l d i n g . Roof Repairs Outside Scope T h e condition of the roof ( o r , more accurately, roofs) of Union Station is similarly outside the scope of this report. The Union Station Redevelopment Act assigns responsibility for roof and exterior drainage system repair to the National P a r k S e r v i c e . The S u r v e y Team has examined contract documents for a comprehensive roof repair project prepared by W K R , I n c . for the P a r k S e r v i c e . I n the opinion of the S u r v e y Team, the implementation of W K R ' s design would adequately rehabilitate the roof and drainage systems. The S u r v e y Team considers these roof repairs to be of v e r y high priority in a program of rehabilitation of Union Station, and since the contract documents are r e a d y , this work should be undertaken without delay. As of this w r i t i n g , the P a r k Service has taken no procurement action on this w o r k , but such action is expected. 3 �Rehabilitation Defined This report estimates the cost of "rehabilitating" the Historic Union Station B u i l d i n g . B y this we mean making a "basic b u i l d i n g " or a usable shell that is i n compliance with c u r r e n t building code s t a n d a r d s , with fully rehabilitated mechanical and electrical systems, and with primary facades, f i n i s h e s , and other significant historical features restored. ( T h e s e work items are described more fully below.) The "basic building" rehabilitation program does not include any work needed to accommodate any particular transportation or commercial purpose. I t is development-neutral: and r e p r e sents what needs to be done to the building regardless of any decision that may be made as to r a i l and commercial development or any other use. The rehabilitation program recommended i n this report could be phased separately, or it could be c a r r i e d out at the same time as a full redevelopment project. The cost estimates i n this report, however, stand independently; the work necess a r y to make any particular development scheme tenant-ready would have to include the elements of the "basic building" rehabilitation program. (As noted above, cost estimates for such additional work are intended to be generated i n conjunction with F R A ' s separate planning and market feasibility study.) Estimating Methodology Construction cost estimates were made by the S u r v e y Team i n June 1982 dollars. C u r r e n t - d o l l a r values were used so that the estimates contained i n this report would be as accurate as 4 possible with respect to the scope of work involved, and the S u r v e y Team is reasonably confident of these estimates. Of course, if and when a rehabilitation project is actually u n d e r taken, it will not be paid for in June 1982 dollars. An estimate of the total project cost for the recommended rehabilitation program would have to include, in addition to the S u r v e y Team's estimates, a cost escalation factor, a project duration assumption, and estimates of indirect costs. Since the course of any Union Station redevelopment project that may be carried out is not yet known, and precise measurement of the direction of the national economy over the next five y e a r s is also difficult, it would have been impossible for the S u r v e y Team to estimate escalated costs with any a c c u r a c y . T h e team is acutely aware of the part faulty estimating played i n the unfortunate history of the National Visitor Center project. Nevertheless, for the sake of perspective, F R A has requested that this report provide an idea of what the actual rehabilitation construction and other project costs might be. The report therefore shows a calculated total-project cost estimate for each major category of w o r k , in addition to the c u r r e n t dollar construction cost estimate. The total-project estimate is a product of the basic construction cost estimate multiplied by two factors: (1) a construction cost escalator, and ( 2 ) a "soft" cost factor to account for project administration, professional s e r v i c e s , such as design and construction management. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary T h e S u r v e y Team has chosen to use 31.5% as the construction cost escalation factor. T h i s factor was a r r i v e d at by assuming a projected 8.14% annual construction cost escalation rate (derived from the Engineering News Record B u i l d i n g Cost I n d e x ) over the duration of the basic building project. Assumed project timing is relatively conservative. Specifically, it is assumed that a developer initiates the design process i n June 1983, starts c o n s t r u c tion in mid-1984, and completes construction i n mid-1987. T h e mid-point of construction would be approximately J a n u a r y 1986 under this assumption. Accordingly, the construction cost estimates are escalated from mid-1982 dollars by 3-1/2 y e a r s ( J u n e 1982 to J a n u a r y 1986) at the annual escalation rate of 8.14%, leading to an overall escalation factor of 31.5%. Additionally, the S u r v e y Team has applied a 30% factor to the escalated construction cost estimate to cover the various "soft" costs that would be i n c u r r e d such as design, project and construction management, and other overhead costs, but excluding finance costs. Financing costs during the construction period have not been estimated i n view of their unpredictable nature at this time. As noted above, these factors are used solely for demonstration purposes, and should not be interpreted as either a S u r v e y Team opinion as to the operation of the economy or an official Government estimate. These factors should be closely scrutinized by anyone actually planning a budget for the rehabilitation of Union Station. Financing Source Not Identified Nothing in this report is intended to suggest that any part of the work should be the responsibility of any funding or investment source. It recommends a rehabilitation program that is completely neutral as to how it might be financed or who might c a r r y it out. �Scope of Work I n determining the scope of work for rehabilitating Union Station, the S u r v e y Team has found it useful to group the necessary work into three categories: ( 1 ) High P r i o r i t y R e p a i r s , ( 2 ) Restoration, and ( 3 ) Renovation. These categories have been defined to be mutually e x c l u s i v e , so that the sum of the three equals the total rehabilitation project. (1) High P r i o r i t y Repairs I n this category have been grouped those r e p a i r s necessary to protect the building against f u r t h e r deterioration. Some of these items of work a r e , in the opinion of the S u r v e y Team, p a r t i c u l a r l y urgent in order to protect the building from the threat of imminent danger - danger that could arise at any time. Recommended urgent r e p a i r s a r e : o o o o o o o o o o o 6 Waterproof north Basement wall, Repair Esplanade slab and utility tunnel and s t r u c t u r a l connections, Repair steel framing connection below the east wall of the Concourse, Repair corbel above Main Hall, Repair main framing beams at Gymnasium and Storage Room. Reinforce steel in flat roof area, Repair West and East T a n k Room ceiling and roof framing, C l e a n , paint and fireproof steel at southeast pavilion roof framing, Replace the interior rainwater conductor system, Investigate and correct cross connection i n standpipe systems at Siamese connection, Replace batteries, r a c k , w i r i n g and charger for c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s . Replace indicating lamps, Replace undervoltage relays and rewire target c i r c u i t i n g for H . V . breakers indicating t a r g e t s . Deteriorated Corbel View of East Hall looking west �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary o Remove p a r k i n g garage substation enclosure, provide new outdoor enclosure. Other significant elements priority work include: o o o o o o View of Concourse looking west o o o o (2) of high Provide waterproofing seals at penetrations of Long-Haul T u n n e l . Long-Haul Tunnel: Clean and fireproof support steel. Remove shores at north Basement wall. Clean and fireproof steel at underside of F i r s t Floor, Clean and fireproof steel at underside of Concourse, Repair floor c r a c k s in East Vault Rooms. Make certain mechanical r e p a i r s . Install new fire alarm system. Install new primary distribution equipment, I n s t a l l emergency generator and distribution equipment. Restoration T h i s category consists primarily of work elements that would r e s u l t in repair and restoration of the exterior facades, interior wall f i n i s h e s , ceilings, floors, windows, and s k y l i g h t s , and removal of certain of the f i x t u r e s installed as part of the National Visitor Center project. The term "restoration" is used because this category includes that work w h i c h , in the opinion of the S u r v e y Team, would be necessary to restore the architecturally and historically significant features of Union Station. View of original Women's Toilet Room looking south. Burnham's architecture has been described as being essentially one of ceilings and light, and the S u r v e y Team has assumed that any rehabilitation program for Union Station would choose to preserve the unique features of 7 �Union Station that involve these elements. T h e S u r v e y Team has done a great deal of r e s e a r c h to be as sensitive as possible to Burnham's original concepts and plans for Union Station. On the other h a n d , the S u r v e y Team is aware that Union Station will not be restored to its original function as solely a t r a i n station. T h e team has t r i e d to steer towards the goal of historical accuracy while p r e s e r v i n g as much as possible the building's potential for adaptive r e u s e . I n the S u r v e y Team's opinion, there is ample opportunity to restore Burnham's a r c h i t e c t u r a l vocabulary i n the course of the repair, removal, resurfacing, and restorative cleaning that needs to be c a r r i e d out regardless of any s e n s i t i v i t y to historical a c c u r a c y . E v e n Burnham's own work included compromises between form and function, appearance and reality, public spaces and private ones. Balcony vault with deteriorated ceiling plaster T h e S u r v e y Team has developed the following working guidelines for determining what kinds of historical restoration can and should be accomplished as p a r t of the rehabilitation of Union Station: A P P E A R A N C E : Although the appearance is important to Burnham's s t y l e , the technical means of achieving that appearance is not. For example, the c u r v e d v a u l t ceiling forms that appear to be masonry construction from the floor are actually plaster ceilings suspended from a steel t r u s s . As another example, the heroic statues that appear to be carved stone are actually made with cast metal covered by a d u l l - f i n i s h cement. I t would not be cost-effective, therefore, to recommend that (for example) skylights 8 Water damaged Men's Toilet Room �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary should be replaced with the same kind of glazing materials used in 1907. Such an approach would be extremely expensive and not as effective ( i f the ultimate appearance from the interior is the same) as modern glazing technology. The S u r v e y Team has therefore recommended that only historic appearances be restored, not necessarily the original materials, method of construction, or elements not intended to be exposed to public view. Main Hall looking west Glass roof over West Hall "Ticket Lobby" P U B L I C D I S P L A Y : As suggested above, Burnham concentrated his attention on spaces and facades intended for display to the rail passengers for whom Union Station served as the gateway to the Nation's Capital. Restoration efforts should be directed the same way. I n the Survey Team's opinion, those spaces include the Main Hall (originally the main waiting room), the West Hall, the East Hall (originally the main dining room), the Lunchroom (remodeled into two small theaters i n the National Visitor Center project), the Men's Smoking Room complex, the Women's Lounge complex, a n d , of course, the Concourse. Also on the main floor, the S u r v e y Team would include the Presidential Suite, w h i c h , although not a public space, was at least as important to Burnham's design. F i n a l l y , the grand exterior stone facades and the monumental a r c h i t e c t u r a l statement the building makes on Columbus Plaza should be included. I t follows that the Second through Fourth Floors, the Basement, the flat roofs, and the hidden facades of the building are not as critical from the standpoint of historical restoration, and i n the opinion of the S u r v e y Team can be remodeled to meet commercial demand (to accommodate modern air 9 �conditioning d u c t s , for example) without impinging on Burnham's concepts. The S u r v e y Team has made a judgment that the Lunchroom and Men's and Women's rooms should be considered public spaces worthy of historic r e s t o r ation. These spaces are obviously not as important as the great open spaces of Union Station, however. A perfectly valid argument can be made, for example, that the lunchroom space is best used to house two theaters, as i t now does, or some similar adapted function, and that restoration of the original space is incompatible with a proposed development scheme or otherwise undesirable. This example illustrates that the recommended scope of work i n the Restoration category of this report is somewhat susceptible to differences of professional opinion. Existing Theater S P A C E R E S T O R E D : T h e restoration of the appearance of public spaces does not have to include the restoration of the original functions of those spaces. Since this report is by intent development-neutral, no estimate has been made of installing a n y , let alone original, ticket windows, gates, lunch counters, and the l i k e . The category of Restoration in this report includes removal of National Visitor Center fit-up items that would not likely be included in any redevelopment of the building. T h e S u r v e y Team has assumed that the "Primary Audio-Visual E x p e r i e n c e " i n the Main Hall would be disassembled and covered over, that the theaters would be dismantled (leaving the shell of the old lunchroom), and that the Men's Smoking Room and Women's Lounge finishes would be restored (although the plumbing f i x t u r e s necessary for those 10 Ornamentation and window above theater ceiling. �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary spaces are covered under the next category, Renovation). I t is assumed that the enclosure of the Concourse, including the new end facades, would be retained. (3) Renovation Included i n this category of work are those items necessary to b r i n g the Historic B u i l d i n g up to c u r r e n t building code standards and otherwise to complete the rehabilitation of the building so that it is ready for development. Not included are tenant-ready improvements that depend on a particular development program. Significant elements of Renovation work include: o o o o o o o o o o o o o Enclose and add stairways to meet fire protection standards Install chilled and hot water plants Install new incoming domestic water service system Repair sanitary plumbing system Install new fire protection s t a n d pipe system and pumps Install new electrical distribution panels and feeders Install new air conditioning ductwork throughout I n s t a l l energy management system Replace existing elevators with new traction-type elevators Fireproof columns, ceilings, and floors Repair Basement slab where cracked Install exhaust systems for electrical and mechanical rooms throughout Construct four new public toilet rooms o o o o I n s t a l l new plumbing f i x t u r e s and electric water coolers, with appropriate branch piping, as required Install s p r i n k l e r system in B a s e ment for Storage (parking) occupancy Repair floor drains and sump pumps Construct new Basement emergency egress corridors Where more than one technology is available to satisfy renovation r e q u i r e ments, such as installation of h y d r a u l i c type elevators instead of traction-type, the S u r v e y Team has recommended the solution that the team believed to be most cost-effective. ( T h e r e are also certain items included in the estimated work that could be considered highly desirable options, such as the extension of elevator service to the F o u r t h Floor of the West Wing.) The recommended Renovation scope of work leaves the building's office space without finished floors, ceilings, or partitions, and without final electrical and a i r conditioning distribution. As noted p r e v i o u s l y , these "tenant-ready" work items are dependent on the development concept p u r s u e d , and so are left to be estimated i n conjunction with the development concepts to be proposed by FRA's development consultant. Cost Estimate The following table sets out a summary of, f i r s t , the S u r v e y Team's estimates of construction costs for the rehabilitation of the Historic Union Station B u i l d i n g , a n d , second, estimates of fully-loaded project costs for the rehabilitation program calculated as discussed in the notes above. 11 �E S T I M A T E D C O S T OF R E P A I R I N G , R E S T O R I N G AND R E N O V A T I N G T H E UNION S T A T I O N H I S T O R I C S T R U C T U R E Mid-1982 Costs, Excluding "Soft C o s t s " 1 Category Costs Escalated to Mid-Point Development (Estimated To Be J a n u a r y 1986), including Estimated "Soft C o s t s " 1 2 (1) High Priority R e p a i r s : Urgent: Other: $ 980,500 2,110,000 3 (2) Restoration: (3) Renovation: 4 TOTAL: $ 3,090,500 $ 5,283,200 12,416,600 21,226,200 15,578,700 26,631,800 $31,085,800 $53,141,200 "Soft C o s t s " : A r c h i t e c t u r a l and engineering design, management construction, fees, permits, etc. — but excluding financing costs. during 2 As defined on pages 6 and 7. 3 As defined on pages 7 and 8. 4 As defined on page 1 1 . NOTE: Costs refer to "rehabilitation" -- making a usable "basic building" (see page 4) -- but do not include any costs of redevelopment or tenant finishes (see page 4 ) . Costs exclude repair of the roof and drainage system, which are to be accomplished by the National P a r k Service (see page 3 ) . Costs relate to the Historic Union Station S t r u c t u r e only (see page 2 ) , but not to the garage or the Amtrak Station. 12 �ENGINEERING SURVEY Summary Drawings �������������r �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engineering survey of Union Station : Summary Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Engineering--Surveys Description An account of the resource Prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. In addition to this summary, the <em><a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6100" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Engineering survey of Union Station">Engineering survey of Union Station</a>&nbsp;</em>also contains <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6102" title="Appendix A : investigative report">Appendix A : investigative report</a> and <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6101" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Appendix B : structural and cost calculations">Appendix B : structural and cost calculations</a>. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ewing, Cole, Cherry, & Parsky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 7, 1982 Revised August 12, 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Department of Transportation United States. Federal Railroad Administration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/247c7acb0f9fa77a09f86a4765fdc371.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=QED8jpHsnn8kRExaxq343bEsgWPAaDh2auCg%7EF-GnNkBCTx3BavEmL4RTj-JpzQmF9io-cJ0aC9EX1fDCMyta3w5ef-XstAut4suwwVRQ8z0rqraF983IFecy6mlvHq0pkanWgCTwnTXwICmSoDmeJsqc9L5RYUt7zgLz0WWk2E26wLB2LVn43OsbtWEFI4hoW214RXBe-ZjqacHC5kogLor%7ExrM0o8ZVoogG73g%7EO645TspeyKJG9GUyuYIM5-EGvhv2Nj7nSlOhbtRFtqLzNGl1Lu6N9uEH7nhSpB24uJvdCG7xa2fcy%7EefkA7Y9kQa5afvfn45FcFyD%7EQCL2GWA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2fcab15127609e2bbf032fc3dced6fa1 PDF Text Text APPENDIX A ENGINEERING SURVEY INVESTIGATIVE REPORT EWING C O L E CHERRY RARSK? OF UNION STATION WASHINGTON D.C. For The Federal Railroad Administration Department Of Transportation ARCHITECTS Union Statiom ENGINEERS PLANNERS ��APPENDIX A INVESTIGATIVE REPORT E N G I N E E R I N G AND ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY UNION S T A T I O N WASHINGTON, D . C . FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION U . S . D E P A R T M E N T OF TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT NO. DTFR53-82-C—00265 A P R I L 16, 1982 R E V I S E D A U G U S T 12, 1982 EWING C O L E C H E R R Y P A R S K Y F E D E R A L R E S E R V E BANK BUILDING 100 N. 6 T H S T R E E T P H I L A D E L P H I A , P E N N S Y L V A N I A 19106 �Summary E x e c u t i v e Summary Reference Drawing Log Reference Book Log Architectural RAILROAD INTERIORS Summary Main Hall (125A) E a s t Hall (137A) T i c k e t Offices ( 1 2 0 C - E ) Presidential Reception Room (138) Concourse (100) Baggage Room (102-118) L u n c h Room (127 & 128) Northeast C o r n e r of Main Hall (126A, B , & C ) Northwest C o r n e r of Main Hall (119) Main Hall Vestibules ( 1 2 5 B - F , 125H-K) Main Hall Alcoves (125G & 125L) Main Hall Balconies (223A) West Hall (120A) Men's Toilet Room (124A) and Lounge ( 1 2 4 B ) Original Women's Toilet Room (135A) Women's Lounge ( 1 3 6 B ) and Toilet Room (136A) EXTERIOR SURVEY E a s t Elevation South Elevation West Elevation West Elevation of the Concourse North Elevation of the Concourse E a s t Elevation of the Concourse UPPER FLOORS Summary Windows Doors, Frames and Hardware F l o o r s , Ceilings and Walls Stairs Elevators Fireproofing Skylights Structural SUMMARY Item S B - 1 SB-2 SB-3 SB-4 SB-5 SB-6 Sl-1 Sl-2 Sl-3 Sl-4 Sl-5 51-6 52- 1 53- 1 53-2 54- 1 S4-2 S4-3 SR-1 SR-2 SR-3 SR-4 SR-5 Mechanical SUMMARY HEATING SYSTEM High P r e s s u r e Steam Distribution System Steam P r e s s u r e Reducing Stations 2 �Mechanical SUMMARY HEATING SYSTEM High P r e s s u r e Steam Distribution System Steam P r e s s u r e Reducing Stations Low P r e s s u r e Steam and Condensate R e t u r n Piping System VENTILATING SYSTEM A I R CONDITIONING S Y S T E M Plumbing SUMMARY UTILITIES Sanitary and Storm Sewers Domestic Water RAINWATER S Y S T E M SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM DOMESTIC WATER S Y S T E M Piping System Hot Water Generators Water Storage T a n k s FIRE PROTECTION Siamese Connections Wet Standpipes S p r i n k l e r System Fire Extinguishers PLUMBING F I X T U R E S Electrical SUMMARY INCOMING S E R V I C E ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS SECONDARY D I S T R I B U T I O N VAULT E B - S 1 EB-1 EB-2 EB-2A EB-3 EB-4 EB-5 EB-6 EB-7-17 EB-8 EB-9 EB-10 EB-18 �4 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Summary Congress, on December 29, 1981, authorized an engineering s u r v e y of Union Station, Washington, D . C . T h e purpose of the s u r v e y is to determine the present condition of the structure, mechanical systems, plumbing, electrical equipment, and historic architectural finishes of Union Station; to determine what action is necessary to preserve the integrity of the building; and to estimate the cost required to r e t u r n the Historic Building to a condition where it is ready for development. T h e scope of the investigative phase of the s u r v e y includes: o o o o o o Architectural: No irreparable damage has been discovered to date, although serious water damage has occurred to absorbent finishes, such as plaster and wood, p a r t i c u l a r l y on the F o u r t h Floor. o Structural: Concerns about possible movement of foundation systems can be laid to r e s t and there appears to be no s t r u c t u r a l item that needs attention to prevent imminent failure. However, problems do e x i s t which will require attention, and these will be investigated f u r t h e r . R u s t i n g due to rainwater leakage is a major contributor to s t r u c t u r a l problems. o Mechanical: with the exception of some major pieces of equipment and new steam s e r v i c e , the H V A C systems are not reusable and should be replaced: for the most p a r t , plumbing systems should be replaced as well. o Electrical: Secondary equipment should be removed and a new distribution system, compatible with contemporary needs, should be provided. report T a s k 1 : Assembly of documents T a s k 2: Initial s t r u c t u r a l s u r v e y T a s k 3: Initial utility s u r v e y T a s k 4: Railroad station interiors survey T a s k 5: Preparation of I n v e s t i gative Report T h e investigative report become an appendix to the final report of the Engineering S u r v e y . A v i s u a l s u r v e y has been made of Union Station during this f i r s t phase, noting areas where damage or problems e x i s t , and locating areas in which further investigation beyond visual inspection is necessary. For each system or problem a r e a , recommendations have been made for what tests or investigations are necessary to conduct during the second phase of the s t u d y . Initial findings, dependent upon f u r t h e r detailed s u r v e y and testing, indicate the following: 5 �6 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Summary Reference Drawing Log Union Station Concourse - S t r u c t u r a l American Bridge Co. June 3 , 1904 Union Station (Partial) D. H . Burnham & Co. Architects F e b r u a r y 1 , 1905 Gallery Connection to Metro Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers December 16, 1975 National Visitor Center - Electrical Ortlip-Foley F e b r u a r y 26, 1976 Project 2 & 3 - P a r k i n g Garage Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers December 2 1 , 1973 Union Station E x i s t i n g Plumbing ( P a r t i a l ) Sullivan Assoc. March 1976 Project 1 - Alterations to Union Station Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers F e b r u a r y 28, 1975 A i r Conditioning and Heating Systems Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger September 1 1 , 1976 Boring Samples Foundation T e s t Service I n c . March 18, 1975 Northwest Ramp Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers A p r i l 15, 1975 New Railroad Station - East and West Sections Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers May 15, 1975 Mechanical & Relocation of Vaults 7 & 17 National P a r k Service October 1976 The National Visitor Center The Potomac Group Architects Varied dates City Post Office Conveyor Bridge & Restoration McLeod F e r r a r a E n s i g n Architects A p r i l 15, 1977 Elevators for National Visitor Center A r t h u r B e a r d Engineers August 18, 1978 " Southeast Ramp Seymour Auerbach Architects S v e r d r u p & Parcel Engineers May 19, 1975 Roof Repairs Phase I Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger June 6, 1980 WMATA West Closure Wall H a r r y Weese & Assoc. November 1975 Capitol Hill Steam Hookup Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger F e b r u a r y 17, 1981 Roof Repairs Phase I I Vosbeck, Vosbeck, K e n d r i c k , Redinger December 9, 1981 E x i s t i n g Station Plans Skidmore, Owenings, & Merrel May 18, 1981 7 �Reference Book Log Reports Washington Union Station Deleux, Cather/Parsons October, 1977 Union Station - An Assessment of Commercial Development Opportunities Urban L a n d Institute National V i s i t o r s Center Plan with Replacement Station Analysis and Evaluation with Associated Capital Costs Deleux, Cather/Parsons J a n u a r y 17, 1978 National V i s i t o r s Center P a r k i n g S t r u c t u r e Final Report V o l . I & I I KCE Structural Eng. September 24, 1979 National Visitor Center Project Manual National P a r k Service J u l y 10, 1980 Invitation for B i d s Elevators for the Center September 1 1 , 1978 Roof Repairs National Visitor Three Roofing System Study National Visitor Center WKR May, 1977 Steam Source Study and H V A C System Retrofit WKR J a n u a r y , 1978 S t r u c t u r a l Feasibility Studies and Construction Cost Estimate for Completion of Various Elements National Visitor Center WKR September, 1978 Roof Repairs Study National Visitor Center WKR November, 1979 Report of Subsurface Investigation S v e r d r u p & Parcel 1972 Geotechnical Report - Southeast and Esplanade S v e r d r u p & Parcel J u n e , 1975 Ramp Structural Feasibility Study Construction Cost Estimate S v e r d r u p & Parcel and Assoc. September, 1978 and Project Manual Southwest B u s Repairs S v e r d r u p & Parcel and Assoc. September, 1980 Ramp 8 Metallurgical Investigation of Beams Value Engineering Laboratory June 24, 1974 Roof Repairs Study Supplement WKR March, 1980 Supplement to Steam Source Study WKR May, 1980 Invitation for B i d s Capitol Hill Steam Hook-Up March, 1981 I �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Summary Roof Repairs Phase I I National Visitor Center 75% Submission WKR A u g u s t , 1981 Codes Model Plumbing Code for T h e Metropolitan A r e a September, 1971 Washington, D . C . Gas Code October, 1973 Washington, D . C . Building Code October, 1981 Washington, D . C . Electrical Code J a n u a r y , 1981 Washington, D . C . Zoning Regulations December, 1981 Washington, D . C . F i r e Code F e b r u a r y , 1982 Washington, D . C . Plumbing Code March, 1982 Books Railroad Stations Meeks, C a r r o l l 1964 Construction History of Union Station Olszewski, George 1970 9 �10 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural RAILROAD INTERIORS Summary • Main Hall (125A) East Hall (137A) T i c k e t Offices ( 1 2 0 C - E ) Presidential Reception Room (138) Concourse (100) Baggage Room (102-118) L u n c h Room (127 & 128) Northeast Corner of Main Hall (126A, B , & C ) Northwest Corner of Main Hall (119) Main Hall Vestibules ( 1 2 5 B - F , 125H-K) Main Hall Alcoves (125G & 125L) Main Hall Balconies (223A) West Hall (120A) Men's Toilet Room (124A) and Lounge (124B) Original Women's Toilet Room (135A) Women's Lounge (136B) and Toilet Room (136A) EXTERIOR SURVEY East Elevation South Elevation West Elevation West Elevation of the Concourse North Elevation of the Concourse East Elevation of the Concourse UPPER F L O O R S Summary Windows Doors, Frames and Hardware Floors, Ceilings and Walls Stairs Elevators Fireproofing Skylights 11 �12 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Railroad Interiors SUMMARY: The historic areas of Union Station, retain many of the characteristics that marked the original station. The following description of the physical condition of these historic interiors was made from observations in the station building. While many spaces are in good physical condition, others have suffered from neglect or renovations in a different architectural style. There are several general comments which can be made regarding these a r e a s : o All interior granite require cleaning. surfaces o A l l painted surfaces require study in a systematic way to determine the original color scheme. o The elaborate system of s k y l i g h t i n g which was an integral p a r t of the original design of the Union Station should be studied in detail and considered for restoration. o The original design of all elements such as ticket s c r e e n s , baggage counters, wood doors and the like, will be determined from original documents. o Most glass p a r t s of original light f i x t u r e s will need to be restored. o Most important, all s t r u c t u r a l and mechanical renovations will be examined with an awareness of the impact this r e f u r b i s h i n g can have on those areas of the station worthy of restoration. Main Hall (125A) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: This functioned as the Main Waiting for Union Station space Room N . V . C . : D u r i n g the use of the Historic Building by the N . V . C , the Waiting Room became the Main Audio/ Visual display hall with a large screen for the projection of multiple images of the historic sites of Washington. T h i s hall became the focal point for the a r r i v i n g tourists. ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original granite columns, p i e r s , b a l cony, plaster walls and plaster b a r r e l vaulted and coffered ceiling were retained and restored in the N . V . C . renovations. The floor of the main hall was altered during the N . V . C . construction. A large hole was cut i n the center of the hall floor and the P.A.V.E. (Primary Audio-Visual Ex p e ri e n c e ) Sunken Theater, with access ramps, s t a i r s and escalators, was located in this a r e a , extending to the basement level of the station. The large clerestory window located on the east wall of the hall appears to be in good condition. T h e r e is no evidence of broken glass visible from the floor. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : The single greatest change in the Main Hall from the original railroad station design is the large opening in the floor, which was made to accommodate the installation of the P . A . V . E . Sunken T h e a t e r . In addition, the original granite d r i n k i n g fountains, still existing on the south w a l l , have been removed from the north wall and replaced with handicapped accessible d r i n k i n g fountains. Also on the north w a l l , all of 13 �the vestibule doors have been removed. On the east wall, two of the three entry doors to the original Dining Room have been replaced with plate glass windows. Two granite pilasters on this east wall are damaged at their base. A l l of the granite is water stained and should be cleaned. Modern lighting can be seen along the balcony level, from the floor of the main h a l l . F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Although there is no evidence of deterioration from the floor, the suspension system of the hung ceiling in the i n t e r s t i t i a l space above the b a r r e l vault and below the roof will be examined to determine its s t a b i l i t y . A portion of the carpeting will be removed to determine the original floor finish. T h e original Burnham Drawing No. 23 shows d r i n k i n g fountains on the east wall. Their existence will be researched. East Hall (137A) O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : Dining Room N.V.C. Store. FUNCTION: National Book ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original Dining Room construction, with plaster columns and w a l l s , and a plaster beam and s k y l i g h t ceiling, was not substantially altered by the N . V . C . renovations. T h e paired columns still retain their scagliola (marbleized) finish, and the decorative plaster moldings at the cornice and ceiling are in v e r y good condition. With the exception of the d r y w a l l partitions 14 which i n - f i l l the alcoves, the walls of the Dining Room with clerestory windows remain as they were originally constructed. T h e ceiling, with an ornate s k y l i g h t appears to be i n e x c e l lent condition. No broken glass is visible from the floor of the Dining Room. T h e original floor construction of the Dining Room has yet to be determined since it has been carpeted over and has raised platform areas for the book counters. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : T h e ceiling, which is i n v e r y good condition, does show some signs of water damage on about 5% of the eastern side. The walls of the Dining Room are in good condition; however, there are several items of damage or change. On the north w a l l , as well as on the south, the dining alcoves have been filled i n with drywall partitions. One of the clerestory windows on the north elevation has broken glass and about 15 s q . f t . of water-damaged plaster surrounding i t . T h e r e is also about 50 s q . f t . of water damaged plaster on the eastern end of the north w a l l ; however, no decorative plaster moldings are involved. Some damage has occurred on the eastern w a l l , to the decorative plaster molding surrounding the door. In addition to this damage, there is about 200 s q . f t . of water damaged plaster on one of the soffits and at the level of the clerestory over the exit door. About 100 linear feet of simple decorative molding is involved. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural The south wall contains water-damaged plaster around each of the clerestory windows and on the soffits under them. The west wall exhibits the most serious damage to the decorative plaster work. The moldings around the north and south entry doors were removed d u r i n g the N . V . C . renovations, converting the Dining Room space to the National Bookstore. While these moldings and entablature have been removed from those doorways, they still exist around the central doorway, which could be used for reference in their r e c o n s t r u c tion. T h e r e is also some water damaged plaster over this western exit door. Surface mounted down-lighting has been installed on both the ceiling and along the cornice on the walls. T h i s lighting is visible from the floor. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Both the internal and the external s k y l i g h t s will be examined to determine the condition of the suspension system and for watertightness. A portion of the carpeting will be removed from the floor to determine the condition of the original floor finishes. T i c k e t Offices (120 C - E ) O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : I n the original Station, this area served for the sale of t i c k e t s . N.V.C. FUNCTION: Vending stalls were installed in this area during the N . V . C . renovations. ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original plaster walls with their decorative plaster moldings, the sheet metal and glass s k y l i g h t s and the original floor finish have all been covered with drywall on the walls and ceiling, and carpeting on the floor. The ceiling in this area was lowered to accommodate a large duct used to condition the space in the Hall of States. VISUAL SURVEY: Because all the surfaces are covered with finishes installed during the N . V . C . renovations, the extent of damage to the original finishes is difficult to assess at this time. However, there is an area where the ceiling has been partially removed. I n this area can be seen a large duct, which penetrates the ceiling, chipping away a large portion of the decorative moldings. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Portions of the existing finishes will be removed from the N . V . C . renovations in order to determine the extent of damage to the original f i n i s h e s . The internal and external s k y l i g h t s will be examined to determine the condition of the roof seal and suspension system. The damage to the decorative plaster cornice molding from the installation of the large duct will be assessed. The design for the original ticketing counter will be reconstructed from the original drawings and photographs. Presidential Reception Room (138) O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : T h i s collection of spaces, focused around the State Reception Room, was originally intended for use by the President of the United States, and originally provided for a private and direct access from the outside to the t r a i n t r a c k s . The N . V . C . renovations to Union Station 15 �retained this collection of rooms and largely restored them to their original condition. O R I G I N A L C O N S T R U C T I O N : I n all of these rooms, the original f i n i s h e s , marble tile floors, plaster walls with clerestory windows, ornate panels and cornice moldings, and ceilings with coffered b a r r e l v a u l t s , are in v e r y good, restored condition. The original doors and hardware were refinished during the N . V . C . renovations, as were the original ornate bronze wall and ceiling lighting f i x t u r e s . VISUAL SURVEY: A l l of the rooms exhibit some minor areas of peeling paint. T h e marble floor shows some staining; b u t , again, this is of a minor nature. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : As in all the areas of the Station, the watertightness of the exterior should be of primary importance. The probable cause of the peeling paint in these areas is moisture. The roofing and pointing of the exterior surfaces will be examined carefully. I n addition, the functions in the floors above this historic collection of rooms will be studied to determine that no c o n t r i bution to water problems or any other type of problem is made from these rooms. T h e original color scheme will be determined for each of these a r e a s . Concourse (100) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: This space originally acted as a vestibule between the Main T r a c k L e v e l and the Main Waiting Room. I n the N . V . C . renovations, the Concourse space acted as a waiting and exhibit a r e a , and contained a restaurant. 16 ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original plaster barrel-vaulted and coffered ceiling of the Concourse remains. The original s k y l i g h t s , while still in place, have been roofed over and no longer serve their original functions of admitting light to the Concourse and supplying ventilation. The b a r r e l - v a u l t e d ceiling r e s t s on a t e r r a cotta wall and cornice on the north and south faces of the Concourse and ends with a window wall on the east and west faces. All of the original construction below the line of the cornice on the north wall has been covered by a stud and drywall exhibit wall with glass entry and exit doors. The south wall however, retains most of its original t e r r a cotta construction. The wood sash windows, which existed in the south wall and which supplied light to the L u n c h Room and the Baggage Handling Rooms, have been covered over with exhibit panels. The east and west walls of the Concourse are new glass and plaster constructions installed when the Concourse was shortened to permit Metro construction and to accommodate the access ramps for the Garage. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : The ceiling in the Concourse exhibits substantial damage both from water leakage and from the shortening of the Concourse where the plaster coffering was crudely patched. There is water damage to at least half of the area of the ceiling, as well as a dozen small holes and several large holes in both the plaster coffering and beams. A n exhaust column from the restaurant penetrates the Concourse ceiling at the southwest creating a hole �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural of approximately 40 s q . f t . I n addition to the damage to the plaster w o r k , about 10% of the glass in the s k y l i g h t s is broken. The original floor construction is still to be determined, since the N . V . C . renovation included a system of raised platform areas and carpeting. As has already been d i s c u s s e d , all original construction below the level of the t e r r a cotta cornice has been covered on the north wall. The east and west walls are new construction, using glass and plaster, that was installed when the Concourse was shortened by 80 feet on each end. T h e south wall has s i x of the original windows which were cut down to provide exits from the T w i n Theaters and the Employee Lounge a r e a . T h i s cutting down of the windows resulted i n the elimination of about 360 s q . f t . of t e r r a cotta sill and glazed b r i c k . Also in the south w a l l , 18 of the wood sash windows have been removed or covered over with exhibit panels. The t e r r a cotta and glazed b r i c k show some damage on the south wall. At the southeast corner, there are c r a c k s in the t e r r a cotta in front of the State Reception Rooms. The t e r r a cotta is badly chipped around the exit to the carriage porch at the southwest corner. Minor chipping of the t e r r a cotta along the base of the wall is also present. The glazed b r i c k and t e r r a cotta of the south wall is in v e r y good condition considering the h a r d use that this area has been subjected to over such an extended period of time. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: A close inspection will be made of the plaster b a r r e l vaulted and coffered ceiling in the Concourse area to determine its integrity and its watertightness. Carpeting will be removed in order to determine the condition of the Concourse floor finishes. The extent of the damage to both the windows and wall areas below the windows which serviced the L u n c h Room and Baggage Handling Room will be determined. Baggage Room (102-118) O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : I n the original Station the Baggage Room s e r v e d to receive baggage from the a r r i v i n g passengers at the ticket lobby and to receive and distribute baggage to and from t r a c k level. N.V.C. FUNCTION: The Discover America information counter, as well a s , an employee lounge, a locker and a toilet facility were located here. See plan for c u r r e n t partitioning in this space. ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original plaster beams and cornice, and the glass and sheet metal s k y l i g h t s are still visible in most of the areas of the original Baggage Room. Because of the lack of light i n , and access to, many of these spaces, it is difficult to determine in detail the condition of these s k y l i g h t s . From the floor they appear to be in good condition considering their age and lack of maintenance. D u r i n g the N . V . C . renovations, a portion of the s k y l i g h t s , those over the Discover America information counter, were covered with a drywall ceiling. The Baggage Room was originally open to the Basement Level of the Station. I t has since been floored over with a wood finish floor. The N . V . C . installed a raised floor with carpeting at the information center. 17 �The original wall construction of pressed b r i c k and wood sash has been covered over with stud and drywall in later renovations. I n the area of the information counter, drywall partitions cover the original b r i c k and granite wall s u r f a c e s . VISUAL SURVEY: As has already been noted, some of the s k y l i g h t s have been covered with a drywall ceiling. The opening in the original Baggage Room floor has been covered over and raised platforms have been installed i n the area of the information center. Additionally, walls have been f u r r e d and drywalled, making an assessment of the physical damage to this space v e r y difficult. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Portions of the existing ceiling, floor and wall finishes will be removed to determine the extent of damage to the original finishes. The exterior, as well as the i n t e r i o r , s k y l i g h t s will be inspected in order to determine the extent to which they are stable and watertight. The design for the Baggage Room screen will be determined from original drawings and photographs. L u n c h Room (127 & 128) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: for the T r a i n Station N.V.C. FUNCTION: for the N . V . C . Lunch Twin Room Theaters ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original construction of the walls and ceiling of the L u n c h Room was of plaster. The original floor construction is unknown at this time. 18 N . V . C . C O N S T R U C T I O N : The present wall and ceiling construction for the T w i n Theaters of the N . V . C . is of d r y w a l l . A carpeted sloping floor has also been installed in the theaters. The c u r r e n t finishes in these rooms prevent the determination of the extent of damage to the original finishes of the L u n c h Room. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Portions of the N . V . C . T w i n Theater drywall construction on the w a l l s , ceiling and built-up sloping theater floors will be removed, to determine the extent of the damage to the original ornamental plaster work and the original floor construction. The possible existence of the original wood sash windows in north wall and clerestory windows on the south wall of the L u n c h Room will be confirmed. Northeast Corner of Main Hall (126 A , B & C ) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: L u n c h Room N.V.C. FUNCTION: Vestibule to Guards* Office ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original plaster walls remain, although the N . V . C . renovations installed a dropped drywall ceiling and carpeting on the floor. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Some drywall ceiling will be removed to determine if the original ornamental plaster ceiling remains. Also, some carpet will be removed to determine if the original floor finish remains. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Northwest Corner of Main Hall (119) O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : Package Holding Room N.V.C. space FUNCTION: Small exhibition ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original construction of plaster walls and ceilings has been retained in this a r e a , with the exception of the addition of a drywall ceiling and carpeting on the floor. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : I t will be necessary to remove some drywall ceiling and carpeting in order to determine the extent of damage to the original finishes. Main Hall Vestibules ( 1 2 5 B - F , 125H-K) T h e r e are five vestibules on the north wall and three vestibules on the south wall. O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : Access to the Concourse and to the exterior from the Main Hall of the T r a i n Station. GENERAL CONDITION: The condition of these vestibules is good; the granite needs to be cleaned. O R I G I N A L C O N S T R U C T I O N : The walls and ceiling of these spaces are granite, which remained intact after the N . V . C . renovations. The original bronze lighting f i x t u r e s in the coffering of the granite ceiling still e x i s t . All of the glass parts of these light f i x t u r e s have been broken and need to be replaced. The original construction of the floor of these vestibules will be determined. The N . V . C . renovations included the installation of airplane tire matting with automatic operating handicapped doors. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : T h e r e is substantial water staining on the granite in these vestibules. The glass in the ceiling light f i x t u r e s , as has been already mentioned, is broken. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : The floor mat will be lifted in order to determine the original floor f i n i s h . Main Hall Alcoves (125G & 125L) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: When Union Station was f i r s t in operation, the southeast alcove was a d r u g store and the southwest alcove was a telegraph office. N.V.C. FUNCTION: D u r i n g the use of the station building by the N . V . C , the southeast alcove was a post office and the southwest alcove was an information booth for the tour mobile. ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original construction of granite walls and ceilings remains. The N.V.C. renovations installed a drywall ceiling below the granite. Counter work was also installed as part of .this renovation. The original floor material, below the carpet, has y e t to be determined. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The extent of damage to original building finishes behind the carpet, drywall partition and ceiling will be determined. 19 �o Main Hall Balconies (223A) T h e r e are five spaces each on the north and south elevations of the Main Hall of the Station. Space 223C has water damage and small holes in two of the coffers. About 5% of the ceiling surface of this space has peeling paint. o Space 223D has water damage and small holes i n two of the coffers and adjacent beam. About 20% of the ceiling surface of this space has peeling paint. o Space 223E has water damage and ten small holes i n the plaster beams. I n addition, there are small holes i n 2 or 3 coffers, with peeling paint over 50% of the ceiling surface of this space. o Space 2231 has water damage on the quarter dome. Additionally, there are three small holes and one large hole i n the coffering and peeling paint over 50% of the surface of this space. o Space 223J has no holes visible from the floor of the Main H a l l . About 30% of the ceiling surface has peeling paint. o Space 223K has no holes visible from the floor and peeling paint over 20% of the ceiling s u r f a c e . o Space 223L has no holes visible from the floor. About 10% of the ceiling surface has peeling paint. o Space 223M has about 60 s q . f t . of water damage on the quarter dome. T h e r e are small holes i n s i x coffers, with spalling plaster and peeling paint over 50% of the ceiling surface of the space. GENERAL CONDITION: There is substantial water damage to the ceiling in each of these a r e a s . ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original plaster b a r r e l v a u l t with its coffering still e x i s t s . T h i s ceiling springs from the line of the granite cornice. T h e original construction of all the walls at the Mezzanine L e v e l is granite up to the level of the cornice, with plaster walls and large half round clerestory windows above. T h i s construction has not been altered by the N . V . C . renovations. Heroic sculptures s u r r o u n d the Main Hall at this l e v e l . These sculptures appear to be i n good condition, with only minor water staining. VISUAL SURVEY: Ceilings space have suffered the damage: o o 20 i n each following Space 223A has water damage small holes i n two coffers their adjacent beams. About of the ceiling surface area of space has peeling paint. and and 20% this Space 223B has water damage and small holes i n eight coffers. T h e r e is one large hole of 2 s q . f t . i n coffers and their adjacent beam. About 40% of the ceiling surface area of this space has peeling paint. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural The granite walls are water stained. Miscellaneous mechanical equipment and lighting is visible from the floor of the main h a l l . E x h a u s t fans have been installed in the clerestory windows in the north wall. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A l l damage in this area is apparent for v i s u a l inspection, and no f u r t h e r investigation is required to assess its extent. I t is also necessary to determine source of the water leakage in skylight. ORIGINAL FUNCTION: Hall for the a r r i v a l of passengers and the sale of tickets Hall of the states ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original construction of granite and plaster w a l l s , and of glass and metal remains in apparently good condition and substantially intact after the N.V.C. renovations. The floor has been carpeted and the original construction is undetermined at this time. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : T h e granite is water stained and has miscellaneous holes. T h e r e are modern light f i x t u r e s visible on the cornice. On the west w a l l , revolving doors have been installed in what were the original north and south entrances. T h e clock over the central entrance is not functioning. T h e r e is a small hole in the r i b of the easternmost bay of the ceiling, as well as evidence of two or three leaks in the s k y l i g h t . One of the window panels of the s k y l i g h t has been blocked with an exhaust fan which is visible from the floor of the Main Hall. the the Men's Toilet Room (124A) and Lounge (124B) ORIGINAL FUNCTION: Room and Lounge West Hall (120A) N.V.C. FUNCTION: FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The original design for the baggage receiving screen and the ticketing windows will be determined. N.V.C. FUNCTION: and Lounge Men's Toilet Men's Toilet Room ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION: The original construction for each of these spaces was plaster for both the walls and ceilings. The original floor construction is unknown at this time. N . V . C . C O N S T R U C T I O N : The N . V . C . and earlier renovations to Union Station retained most of the original wall and ceiling construction in these spaces, with the exception of the addition of a dropped ceiling and a terrazzo floor that has been installed in the Toilet Room, and a carpeted floor in the Lounge space. V I S U A L S U R V E Y : The east wall of the Lounge has water damage. The a r c h above the r i g h t alcove has deteriorated plaster over 10 s . f . of its a r e a . The cornice molding above this area is broken over 5 s . f . of its area. The central niche of the east wall of the lounge has a small hole and about 20 s . f . of spalling plaster. The south wall of the lounge has 100 s . f . of peeling paint. The most significant area of water damage in this space is on the east wall. 21 �T h e south wall of the Toilet Room has a 20 s . f area of water damage and the original plaster ceiling above the hung ceiling is i n poor condition. A large exhaust duct penetrates the original plaster ceiling. T h e r e are also many small holes caused by the hung ceiling. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The source of the water leakage i n the lounge and toilet spaces will be determined. The original wall paper e x i s t s above the dropped ceiling i n the Toilet Room. T h i s wall paper has stencil patterns which makes i t a p a r t i c u l a r l y valuable resource which can offer information about the original design and color scheme for these lounge spaces. original building. T h e north wall has a large (12 s . f . ) hole, and a connection has been broken through to the National Book Store. T h e west wall has a large (24 s . f . ) hole penetrated by a duct which is used to ventilate the c u r r e n t Toilet Room. T h i s duct also penetrates the clerestory window on the north wall of the room. T h e south wall has a large (15 s . f . ) hole. T h e ceiling has peeling paint and a small hole i n the plaster beam. T h i s room appears to have been used for storage for the last t h i r t y y e a r s and its poor condition reflects t h i s . Original Women's Toilet Room (135A) FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The original design of Toilet Room, as well as the original color scheme will be investigated. T h i s room offers a good opportunity to determine the c o n s t r u c tion details for the window wall. ORIGINAL Room Women's Lounge (136B) and Toilet Room (136A) FUNCTION: Women's Toilet N . V . C . F U N C T I O N : Storage and small Toilet Room for National Book Store. O R I G I N A L C O N S T R U C T I O N : With the exception of some d r y w a l l partitions added to enclose a Toilet Room for the use of the N . V . C . Bookstore, the original plaster walls and ceiling remain. T h e original floor material, which is not determined at this time, has been covered by a terrazzo floor. VISUAL SURVEY: A terrazzo floor has been installed over the original floor and all original toilet f i x t u r e s have been removed. T h e original Toilet Room wall finishes (possibly marble or t i l e ) have been removed up to a level of about eight feet above the floor, exposing the rough construction of the 22 O R I G I N A L F U N C T I O N : Women's Lounge N.V.C. FUNCTION: and Toilet Room. Women's Lounge VISUAL SURVEY: T h e w a l l s , ceilings and windows i n the f i r s t Lounge space show no physical damage. T h e c u r r e n t Toilet Room was presumably another Lounge space i n the original plan of the Station (reference is made to i t i n the original d r a w i n g s ) . A terrazzo floor has been installed in this room, over the original floor. T h e r e is approximately 200 s . f . of peeling paint on the north wall of this Toilet Room. I n addition, there are several pieces of broken glass i n the clerestory windows on the north wall. T h e entrance to the original Women's Toilet Room from this space has been blocked. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The original design of these two spaces, shown as one space on the original working drawings, needs to be i n v e s tigated. I n addition, i t i s not clear at this time what was the original configuration of these rooms. T h e original floor finishes will be determined. The original drawings also show a d r i n k i n g fountain on the west wall of the first Lounge space. Further investigation i s needed to determine if this fountain ever e x i s t e d , a n d , i f so, the nature of i t s design. 23 �Exterior Survey METHODOLOGY: This survey was conducted from ground level u s i n g 10 power binoculars to observe detail. Observations were noted according to numerical identification of a r b i t a r i l y assigned " b a y s " on each elevation. Where it seemed to be w a r r a n t e d , a pocket knife was used to examine the nature and/or condition of building materials. T h e s u r v e y was conducted in clockwise direction, s t a r t i n g from the east elevation of the Historic S t r u c t u r e and ending at the east elevation of the contemporary replacement facade of the Concourse. East Elevation P O R T I C O , B A Y S 2 T H R O U G H 6: Wall joints appear to be generally in e x cellent shape; masonry joints are tight; overall there is an absence of staining; arched transoms at doors generally are in need of scraping and repainting only; doors appear to be original and only in need of r e f i n i s h i n g ; domes are in generally good condition with some pointing r e q u i r e d ; all pier bases exhibit varying degrees of spalling ( p a r t i c u l a r l y at c o r n e r s ) and should be r e p a i r e d . At some point i n time the portico floor received an application of resilient flooring material which is badly deteriorated and should be removed. Specific damage noted: B A Y S 1 THROUGH 8: Wall surfaces appear to be generally i n excellent shape, masonry joints are t i g h t ; overall there is an absence of s t a i n i n g ; the wood sash generally is i n need of scraping and repainting only. E x c e p tions are as follows: Upper and lower cornices i n all bays require repointing of v e r t i c a l joints, and the horizontal weathering surfaces and a r r i s e s of cornice stones appear to be w o r n , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n B a y 8. o I n B a y 1 , new stone infill at the corner joint with the Concourse replacement facade requires repointing; spalling of the original stone adjacent to new stone requires r e p a i r ; i n all three windows at the 2nd Floor, the sash meeting r a i l s are deteriorated and should be replaced; damaged stone base below 1st Floor window requires r e p a i r . Window a i r conditioners at 1st Floor i n B a y 1 and at 2nd Floor i n B a y 5 are a v i s u a l interruption of the classical facade. G E N E R A L N O T E S : Large area floodlighting f i x t u r e s have been located on the parapet of the east elevation, and are clearly visible from the street. T h e esplanade masonry is in fair shape with many joints r e q u i r i n g repointing. Basement sash are metal and i n need of extensive repair and/or replacement. Balustrade is i n good condition with minor patching required. The northernmost post lantern is without a glass diffuser. o o B a y 5: dome is badly stained and is c r a c k e d . B a y 6: dome light f i x t u r e diffuser is missing. Pier light f i x t u r e s are missing in all bays (total of eight f i x t u r e s ) . Bay 2: decorative light f i x t u r e over the door to the service corridor is missing. T h e door itself has been repaired incorrectly (upper panel is a piece of low grade plywood). FINDINGS: No s e v e r e , damage is i n evidence. 24 irreparable �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The cracked dome in Bay 5 should be checked at close range for displacement of s u r f a c e s . The dome will be cored to test for material composition and method of construction. Historic paint (microscopic) analysis is proposed to determine original exterior wood and metal finish colors. South Elevation B A Y 9: Wall surfaces are in fair to good shape; masonry joints are tight. Cornice comments from east elevation apply to the south elevation. The lower cornice west of the west column capital exhibits severe spalling. Severe staining e x i s t s at the west r e v e a l ; the stone roof is badly stained and weathered. T h e r e appear to be salts deposited on the facade from past wetting of the stones. P O R T I C O , B A Y 9: The dome exhibits water staining with an east-west directional c r a c k ; most dome joints are open to one degree or another. The half dome in the apse is missing mortar in all coffer member joints. A l l four arches exhibit staining as a corollary to dome staining with the southwest corner being the worst. The wall lighting f i x t u r e s are missing upper d i f f u s e r s ; dome f i x t u r e is missing its diffuser. The floor is marred by a bituminous concrete infill of a depressed driveway. T h i s infill could be replaced with a material more sympathetic to the historic s t r u c t u r e . B A Y S 10 T H R O U G H 16: Balustrade is water-stained with the worst condition at Bay 16. Comments on cornices from east elevation apply here also. Reroofing and flashing should eliminate source of staining at the T h i r d Floor level. Sash at the Second Floor generally is in need of scraping and painting with those at Bay 16 possibly in need of r e p a i r . Piers at the left and r i g h t of Bay 16 are severely stained with the r i g h t pier being the worse of the two. The stone window s u r r o u n d at the 2nd Floor in Bay 16 is severely stained; the column capital at the left of B a y 12 is badly stained. Above t h i s , blotchy staining of the main hall parapet exists. Also above, the east face of Main Hall b a r r e l vault near south the s p r i n g line is stained with roofing cement near the roof edge. P O R T I C O , B A Y S 10 T H R O U G H 16: I n the facade a r c h e s , in each bay, the chain hangers which held NVC pennant could be removed; all sash (with the exception of pivoting casements) are in good condition except for scraping and painting; the casements will require extensive work to assure closure; the north wall masonry is in excellent condition; the metal planter boxes at all window sills are a v i s u a l interruption of the classical design. Bases of the facade a r c h piers exhibit varying degrees of surface scaling. A l l domes have had light fixtures removed*. Specific problems are as follows: o B a y 10: the dome has an i r r e g u l a r c r a c k ; the door transom needs to be glazed; the light f i x t u r e at the east a r c h and the r i g h t side of the door is missing diffusers. o B a y 13: T h e r e is a large joint in the dome. open 25 �o Bay 15: T h e r e is a large open joint i n the dome; the dome is badly stained; the south springing of west a r c h is badly stained; standing water was noted at base of facade pier. B A Y S 17 T H R O U G H 2 1 : Attic i n s c r i p tion panels ( B a y s 18 through 20) are stained; s t a t u a r y figures appear to be sound; parapet displacement can be observed at B a y 19 and left of B a y 18 and r i g h t of B a y 20, which requires checking the design drawings; stone roofs at B a y s 17 and 21 are stained and weathered; comments on cornices from the east elevation apply here also; otherwise, the masonry is i n good condition with tight joints. PORTICO, B A Y S 17 T H R O U G H 2 1 : T h e dome, north a r c h and piers i n Bay 17 are badly stained, with the dome and the a r c h exhibiting open joints. T h e east and south arches i n Bay 18 are badly stained; the dome has a major c r a c k ; the dome light and wall f i x t u r e s at the north side of the east a r c h and both north facade f i x t u r e s require diffuser replacements. Note was made that both north facade f i x t u r e s appear to be wired from the wall face with wire i n the stone joints. T h e dome at Bay 19 has v e r y minor c r a c k i n g ; the dome light f i x t u r e diffuser is missing; water staining occurs on the east slope of the north a r c h . T h e dome at B a y 20 has minor staining with staining also apparent on the east slope of the north facade a r c h ; the west a r c h has severe staining at the springing on the west and south faces; the light f i x t u r e on the west pier of this facade needs main diffuser replacement and a total of s i x upper diffuser 26 replacements on wall f i x t u r e s . At B a y 2 1 , dome, north a r c h and piers and opening lintel are all badly stained. Generally all sash are in good condition needing only scraping and painting and replacement of one glass light. T h e doors i n this area are not part of the original design concept. B A Y S 22 T H R O U G H 28: T h e balustrade is water stained; upper and lower cornice v e r t i c a l joints are i n need of repointing; a r r i s e s on cornices are w o r n ; the sash at the Second Floor are in need of scraping and painting; severe staining can be noted on pier and reveal surfaces below the capital between Bay 21 and 22. P O R T I C O , B A Y S 22 T H R O U G H 28: General damage and disrepair exists identical to Portico, B a y s 10 through 16. T h e r e are specific problems as follows: the domes i n B a y s 26 and 27, the a r c h between them and the south pier are badly stained. The dome in Bay 27 i s severely c r a c k e d . T h e dome in B a y 28 needs pointing of a majority of its joints. B A Y 29: Wall surfaces are i n fair to good shape; masonry joints are tight. Upper and lower cornices are weathered; vertical joints need repointing. Staining of v e r t i c a l surfaces is not as severe as at B a y 9, but roof stones are badly stained and weathered. Portico at this bay is discussed below as p a r t of the Carriage P o r c h . G E N E R A L N O T E S : T h e concrete floor of the portico is i n remarkably good shape. Removal of the thermometers should be considered. Again, parapetmounted floodlighting could be redesigned to blend with Burnham's design. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural FINDINGS: Pending further examination of cracked domes, no severe, irreparable damage is i n evidence. o B a y s 30 & 3 1 : T h e r e is a large void at the base of the common pier. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Access i s required to the 3 r d story roofs for examination of attic facades not visible from the ground at B a y s 10 through 16 and B a y s 22 through 28. Cracked domes i n B a y s 10, 13, 15, 18, 27 should be checked at close range for displacement of surfaces and two will be cored to ascertain material composition and method of construction. Historic paint (microscopic) analysis is proposed to determine original exterior wood and metal finish colors. o B a y s 31 & 32: A broken stone is in the fourth course below the upper cornice, on center line of the common pier. A base stone of pier is chipped. o B a y s 32 & 33: B r o k e n stones are located in the second course below the upper cornice on the center line of the common pier and the fifth course below the upper cornice to the left of the crown of the a r c h i n B a y 33. T h e r e is severe staining on the Gymnasium w a l l , the lower cornice, the capital and north side of the a r c h as well as the pier itself at the pier line between these b a y s . West Elevation B A Y S 30 T H R O U G H 35: Of the three major facades of the building, this facade shows the most wear. Generally, the v e r t i c a l surfaces of masonry are i n reasonable condition, with tight joints and some need for pointing. As on the other facades, the upper and lower cornices are stained and somewhat weather-beaten with chipped and worn a r r i s e s and v e r t i c a l joints i n need of pointing. T h e r e is general blotchy staining of the T h i r d Story wall at the Gymnasium. Additionally, there are the following specific problems. o B a y 30: A displaced stone exists in the f i r s t course below the upper cornice, second stone i n from south corner. o Bay 3 1 : A broken stone is located in the t h i r d course below the upper cornice, south of the crown of the a r c h . WEST B A L U S T R A D E : Although pointing is r e q u i r e d , this is i n generally good condition. One post lamp is missing due to construction of southwest ramp. C A R R I A G E PORCH - B A Y 30: As a general note, it is curious that the major b a r r e l v a u l t i n B a y s 31 through 35 appears not to have been cleaned at a time when the balance of the s t r u c t u r e may have been cleaned: it is v e r y dirty. Conversely, the granite floor of the porch is in* excellent condition. Pier base stones, inner faces of facade p i e r s , show scaling. T h e dome exhibits only minor c r a c k i n g and a minimum number of joints require pointing. South and west arches are stained; dome staining is minimal (primarily at the c r o w n ) . Southwest and southeast their piers appear to have salt deposits on inner surfaces with some surface scaling at the bases. 27 �T h e r e is no evidence that this dome was ever fitted with a light f i x t u r e . Eight wall f i x t u r e s at piers require replacement of upper d i f f u s e r s . C A R R I A G E PORCH - B A Y 3 1 : T h e r e are many minor c r a c k s i n the major v a u l t . At the West Wing office e n t r y , the doors appear not to be the original. A modern telephone box has been placed on the pier to the left of the door. Metal frames for door, sidelights and transoms appear to be sound, r e q u i r i n g only scraping and painting. Two wall lighting f i x t u r e s are missing and there are one lower and four upper diffusers missing. C A R R I A G E P O R C H - B A Y 32: There is some minor c r a c k i n g in the major vault. T h e r e is a large ragged hole on the north slope of the east i n t e r cepting v a u l t . The east a r c h is badly cracked on its soffit from its crown to the south s p r i n g line and shows white mineral desposits on that s u r f a c e . The complex apsidal vaulting at the recessed entry way to the West Hall appears to have been coated as the jointing is barely v i s i b l e . Below the cracked east a r c h , the pier is severely stained. Contemporary renovations include: pier joint east side chopped out for a u x i l i a r y w i r i n g , introduction of an aluminum telephone station, a stucco panel at the angular r e t u r n wall in the recessed e n t r y , and surface conduit wired from a wall light f i x t u r e . The original metal screen above the stucco panel is in excellent condition. Of the wall light f i x t u r e s , one is missing with one lower and s i x upper diffusers missing and one lower diffuser broken. 28 C A R R I A G E PORCH - B A Y 33: The main vault exhibits continuous cracking across its w i d t h . At the west intercept v a u l t , there is a spall and a hole in the spalled area north of the crown. In the major a r c h between B a y s 32 and 33, there is a large spall on the east slope. The interior surface of the exterior pier between B a y s 32 and 33 is badly stained above the wall f i x t u r e . A t the recessed entry to the West H a l l , the b a r r e l vault is coated from the crown to the south intercept and s p r i n g lines. T h e light f i x t u r e at the crown of this vault is intact but the finish r i n g appears to be pulling away from the v a u l t . At the entry proper, left and r i g h t masonry jambs exhibit some staining and some marks from earlier sign mountings; aluminum revolving door assemblies are not p a r t of the original design; center wood doors have original hardware but do not appear to be original, a n d , in the metal transom above the center doors, the cross panel is f r a c t u r e d . I n the wall f i x t u r e s , four lower and five upper diffusers are missing. C A R R I A G E P O R C H - B A Y 34: The main vault displays only minor c r a c k i n g . The interior surface of exterior pier between B a y s 33 and 34 exhibits heavy staining. A t the recessed e n t r y , the intercept vault to the main vault was wet at the time of the s u r v e y and is cracked and has salts deposited on the intercept line. The original masonry at this location is in good condition, but the angular stucco wall has numerous continuous cracks. The metal screen above the stucco is in excellent condition. Contemporary street f u r n i t u r e additions are another aluminum public telephone station and �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural a bicycle locker. With respect to wall f i x t u r e s , two are missing and three upper glass diffusers are missing or broken. C A R R I A G E P O R C H - B A Y 35: The main vault exhibits multiple c r a c k i n g with the worst area being at its i n t e r cept with the facade v a u l t . On the east side, at the old Baggage Room entrance, the metal screen above the doorway is broken in two places, one metal lift door has been replaced with unpainted plywood. The other is also badly b r o k e n , and the metal frame needs to be ground or sandblasted to remove r u s t . The lintel stone above the opening has a diagonal c r a c k in the upper left corner. At the north side entry to the Concourse, all three aluminum revolving door assemblies are an anachronism and the arched transom light above is in disrepair r e q u i r i n g glass replacement and grinding or sandblasting to remove rust. The pier to the left of the revolving doors is stained and is scaling. Of the wall f i x t u r e s , one is missing and three lower and four upper diffusers are missing. be taken to v e r i f y composition and method of construction; access is required to the Concourse Roof to examine the north wall of the Main Historic Structure. Historic paint (microscopic) analysis is proposed to determine original exterior wood and metal finish colors. West Elevation of the Concourse: Contemporary Replacement Facade B A Y 36: Glass and metal work are in excellent condition with no evidence of forces at work to break the glass. Nor is there evidence of flashing detail failure which would r e s u l t in staining of the metal. Masonry work is in good condition with only one stone displaced at the north s p r i n g line of the arched clerestory. T h a t stone should be reset as soon as possible to prevent water damage through wall leakage. Note was made t h a t , from the vantage point where this facade was s u r v e y e d , a portion of the north wall of the Gymnasium is v i s i b l e . The wall is constructed of red b r i c k with a granite cornice. Both materials need pointing and the granite is badly stained. The window sash require scraping and painting where visible. F I N D I N G S : Pending f u r t h e r investigation of vault and masonry wall stone cracking, no severe, irreparable damage is i n evidence. t F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Lines will be drawn taut at the parapet to determine the degree of wall bowing or i r r e g u l a r lateral displacement; r e s e a r c h will be done to discover the reason why the b a r r e l vault at Carriage Porch was not cleaned; b a r r e l vault c r a c k i n g will be checked at close range to see if any displacement of surfaces has o c c u r r e d . A core of the material will B A Y 37: A t this point, the word bay is a misnomer in that the portion examined extends from the northwest corner of the Concourse to the Bridge connecting the Concourse to the Replacement Station. Glass and metal work appear to be in good condition. No breakage of glass or staining of metal was in evidence. The cement stucco infill and facing walls which extend from the granite r e t u r n at the North Elevation of the Concourse: Contemporary Replacement Facade 29 �northwest corner of the Concourse to the B r i d g e , despite numerous hairline c r a c k s , seem to be in good condition at the upper l e v e l , but has been damaged at the lower level where the stucco panels recess between columns, e . g . , a crushed corner e x i s t s to the left of the northwest corner exiting assembly, a punched hole exists at the midpoint of the bay and some multidirectional c r a c k i n g can be seen. A n original molded t e r r a cotta stringcourse was maintained above the line determined by the head of the exiting assembly, and it is stained and chipped. The original granite coping is badly stained but joints have been maintained. B A Y 38: The upper portion of the Bridge was accessible, but the lower portion was not. The automatic doors at the joint to the Concourse have been vandalized with one set completely shattered. The metal awning s t r u c t u r e on the Bridge is not wearing well. Stucco work appears to be in as good condition as that in B a y 37, as does the granite coping. B A Y 39: Some remnants of the wood and metal construction for the original access s t r u c t u r e s to the long haul t r a c k s still remain and they are in poor condition. Above this construction and a tar paper roof of temporary access construction bounded by the B r i d g e , the Concourse and the Replacement Station, there is an area of original glazed b r i c k wall which is badly stained. At this b r i c k w a l l , stucco was started but not completed. To the east of the access s t r u c t u r e remnants, incomplete deck construction results in the absence of a walking surface (temporary plywood decking) outside the eastern exit assembly. 30 Above that assembly is a meeting detail of stucco to stone to metal which is failing. The t e r r a cotta stringcourse in this area is badly s p l i t , chipped, and c r a c k e d . Both the t e r r a cotta and the granite coping are stained. Masonry at northeast corner has a hole in the base of the end pier. East Elevation of the Concourse: Contemporary Replacement Facade B A Y 40: T h i s is a mirror image of the west elevation but was constructed at a later point in time. Masonry is in good condition, but there is a failure in flashing details as there is evidence of mineral deposits and r u s t on the f i r s t and t h i r d (from the left) clerestory mullions and mineral deposits at the head of the lower level store front glazing. As reported earlier, one glass light (fifth from left in the c l e r e s t o r y ) is broken. FINDINGS: No severe, irreparable damage is in evidence. One observation is that, in consideration of the linkage s t r u c t u r e that is contemplated to join the Concourse and the P a r k i n g S t r u c t u r e , thought should be given to refacing both ends of the Concourse in a manner which would more closely wed it to the basic expression of the Historic S t r u c t u r e , a n d , perhaps extend that vocabularly of design to the linkage s t r u c t u r e itself. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Review construction documents for east wall to check for cause of metal s t a i n i n g . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Upper Floors SUMMARY: The Mezzanine on the West Wing and the Second, T h i r d and Fourth Floors of Union Station were originally designed as general office space and (with the exception of the YMCA dormitories which were located on the north side of the East Wing) were so used until the building was closed in 1981. The East Wing is larger and contains approximately 25,000 gross square feet per floor. The West Wing has a usable Mezzanine of 8,000 s q . f t . , a p p r o x i mately 10,000 s q . f t . on Second and T h i r d Floors and 15,000 s q . f t . in the Gymnasium on the F o u r t h Floor. Connection between the two wings can be made today only at the South Mezzanine in the Main Hall. A connection at the F o u r t h Floor has been blocked. METHODOLOGY: The question of whether the office spaces on the upper floors should be considered to contain historical significance is quite distinct and different from the same question applied to the railroad-use spaces on the F i r s t Floor. However, the construction of this space consists of a combination of building elements that together make an architectural u n i t y , created from a combination of the necessities of the technology, the availability and cost of materials, and the particular architectural taste of the v e r y early Twentieth C e n t u r y . When all elements are present, it is possible to recognize the collection as a " s t y l e " typical of offices and corridors in the early Twentieth C e n t u r y . E v e n if our taste had not changed since 1908, technology and the cost and availability of materials has changed dramatically. T h i s increases the cost of a renovation that would aspire to be a true restoration using the same materials. T h i s report recommends that a r e s t o r a tion using original materials is not necessary in the office spaces for the following reasons: o o o T h e offices main entrance to the office space is not through the railroad spaces, except by leaving and re-entering the building, a n d , therefore, the effect of the office spaces is not essential to the continuity of the effect the railroad spaces evoke. Certain work will be necessary to b r i n g the building within code that will impinge on the 1908 feeling, p a rti c ul a rl y the stair enclosures. Today's market will demand a i r conditioning (among other t h i n g s ) and the ductwork will either be exposed, violating the architect u r a l vocabulary, or will require a new ceiling with diffusers, thereby concealing the original exposed arched ceiling. Assuming that original materials will not be used due to cost, three courses of action remain open to a developer: o Restoration using modern materials that resemble materials used in 1908 so the appearance of the office is restorecL 31 �o o Selection of certain 1908 elements that e x i s t i n the building and a marriage of these with modern materials to produce an eclectic result. Removal of all 1908 elements (on the i n t e r i o r ) to make the office spaces indistinguishable from similar space i n newly constructed buildings. Please note that a r c h i t e c t u r a l l y , the retention of the e x i s t i n g windows and the width of the p r e - a i r conditioning wings will impose a set of design constraints that will favor either a restoration or an eclectic approach. I t is possible that given the proximity of Union Station's historic railroad i n t e r i o r s , the continuity i n image with these two approaches will offer the optimum r e n t s . However, all three approaches are equally feasible from a technical viewpoint and would be within an affordable range. A developer would, no doubt, want to preserve the freedom to choose, according to his instincts and calculations, which approach would best balance cost against potential to achieve optimum r e n t s . T h e r e f o r e , what i s proposed for the purpose of this report is that the cost estimate be based on the approach of having a contemporary look on the interior (as being the most s t r a i g h t forward to scope and estimate), without intending to advocate this approach. T h e option should be left open, i n any work done, to choose either an "appearance restoration" or an "eclectic" approach. T h e r e f o r e , the estimate will be based on the creation of a " s h e l l " that would be provided by a developer to be finished by the tenants. 32 F I N D I N G S : For the purpose of defining the " s h e l l " and using this definition to create a scope of work to estimate i n the final r e p o r t , the work has been divided into the following categories: o o o o o o o Windows: Restoration to p r e s e r v e the historic appearance on the exterior is recommended. Doors and hardware: Original doors should be saved for possible reuse. New doors would be demolished at the developer's discretion. Floors, ceilings and w a l l s : A survey will be performed to identify the walls to remain i n the shell. Only damage to the shell s t r u c t u r e will be estimated for repair (while the assumption that no immediate danger to the building is posed by all plaster and floor damage on the office floors will be v e r i f i e d ) . Stairs: Major work is necessary to eliminate conditions that violate code. A full egress scheme will be developed. E l e v a t o r s : T h e condition of the existing elevators will be a s c e r tained and a scheme for an elevator service of today's standards will be proposed. Fireproofing: S t r u c t u r a l members will require fireproofing and the fire-separation requirement for mixed use between the railroad space and the office space will be determined. S k y l i g h t s : Replacement with new glazing and mullions will be studied for feasibility. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Windows DESCRIPTION: T h e office floors have double h u n g , wood sash windows i n various s i z e s . A l l present glazing i s single lights of g l a s s . T h e wooden sash has a p a r t i c u l a r l y deep, 2-1/2" profile. Windows on the facades visible from the street need to have their architect u r a l character maintained as part of the Historic B u i l d i n g . To this e n d , rehabilitation of the e x i s t i n g windows is the preferable course of action. Also, replacement with new wood windows manufactured today is acceptable. METHODOLOGY: I n order to determine whether the windows are i n a condition that would allow rehabilitation, a v i s u a l s u r v e y was made of all windows on the Mezzanine through F o u r t h Floors. Only the condition of the wooden window sash and the condition of the wood trim on the frame ( a s an indication of the condition of the frame) were examined. A n assumption was made that all sash cord (originally chains, often repaired with clothesline), counterweights, and locks would be replaced if the windows were to be rehabilitated. T h e e x i s tence' of the original pull handles was considered to be of secondary importance to the question of whether the windows were i n a condition to be rehabilitated: these can be manufactured as replacements if n e c e s s a r y . T h e s u r v e y consisted of placing each window into one of the following categories: o o A. B. o C. o D. Rehabilitation only. Rehabilitation plus minor repair to trim or s a s h , Sash replacement r e q u i r e d , and/or major repair to frame and trim, Condition concealed. F I N D I N G S : T h e percentages of windows in the various conditions are noted below by floor. SECOND F L O O R : 82 windows s u r v e y e d . 0 0 0 0 A. B. C. D. 13% 42% 23% 22% T H I R D F L O O R : 94 windows s u r v e y e d . 0 0 0 0 A. B. C. D. 0 68% 31% 1% F O U R T H F L O O R : 61 windows s u r v e y e d . 0 0 0 0 A. B. C. D. 7% 57% 27% 9% TOTAL THREE surveyed. 0 0 0 0 A. B. C. D. FLOORS: 237 windows 6% 60% 27% 7% T h i s s u r v e y shows that two-thirds of the e x i s t i n g windows require little or no repair to the wood. On this b a s i s , a recommendation will be considered for rehabilitating all the existing windows as follows: 33 �o o o o o o o Remove existing sash from window, Remove g l a s s , glazing stops and putty. S t r i p existing s a s h . Install new double-light insulating glass and new stops. Paint s a s h . Repair trim on frames. I n s t a l l new sash c o r d , counterweights and metal weatherstripping and replace s a s h . F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : I n order to estimate the cost of rehabilitation, f u r t h e r s u r v e y work will include a count of windows by size and an inventory of missing pull handles. the plaster where there are leaks and the flooring is swollen and buckled where water has remained for prolonged periods. An assumption has been made that a developer's requirement for a " s h e l l " for the upper floors would include: o o o Doors, Frames and Hardware D E S C R I P T I O N : T h e r e are twenty-four (24) solid, two panel oak doors located on the upper floors that can be identified as original (primarily through the hardware, which is shown on the Burnham d r a w i n g s ) . T h i s is not a sufficient number that all doors i n a future office installation could be from this stock, and at present they are not located i n any consistent w a y , but scattered throughout the building. FINDINGS: These doors are valuable in today's market and should not be discarded. Reuse is encouraged, by rehanging them i n new openings. Floors, Ceilings and Walls The floors, walls and ceilings are i n very bad condition on the F o u r t h Floor, fair condition on the T h i r d and relatively good condition on the Second Floor. Water damage has occurred to 34 A subfloor but not a finished floor. A ceiling which has no loose or damaged plaster, (although a dropped ceiling may be added to hide d u c t w o r k ) . E x t e r i o r and fire partition walls only, since other existing p a r tition walls may or may not be located i n the appropriate place for c u r r e n t tenant needs. For the purpose of estimating the cost of development, i t is necessary to distinguish two groups of damage: o o Damage to the " s h e l l " that will not be demolished and therefore requires r e p a i r . Damage that would be removed during demolition, e . g . , obsolete flooring that has buckled exhibits damage, but this can be ignored if the subfloor underneath is still in good condition. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The " s h e l l " will be identified by making assumptions about reuse of partitions and marking these on a plan. A l l damage will be s u r v e y e d to ensure that it is cosmetic ( i n conjunction with the work done by s t r u c t u r a l a n a l y s t s ) . F u r t h e r , damage to the shell will be surveyed and the cost of repair estimated. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Stairs F i r e codes have changed dramatically since Union Station was built and the stairs i n the e x i s t i n g building are no longer i n compliance. I n order to be in compliance, a stair egress system will have to comply with the code i n the following a r e a s : o o o o o Locations i n the building: Long dead ends should not e x i s t , and no point should be too far from a stair. Width sized for occupancy load: based on a calculation of occupancy by square feet per person. P h y s i c a l characteristics of the s t a i r : s t a i r w i d t h , tread length, r i s e r height, etc. Fire separation from rest of building: this is a particular problem i n regards separation of the stair circulation from the elevator circulation and doors, as well as the more common problem of separation of s t a i r s from tenant spaces i n the building. E g r e s s to grade: Only two of five s t a i r s presently terminate at grade outside the building, which poses a serious problem. A t present there are five major stairs that begin at the highest floor level and proceed close to grade. I n addition there are s i x access stairs that connect one or two floors and s e v e r a l circular staircases. These access stairs are not suitable for fire egress, but must be checked to ensure that the openings are closed by appropriate fire separation. T h e five major systems are described below. S T A I R # 1 : T h i s stair connects the West Wing F o u r t h Floor Gym with outside grade at the Carriage Porch where there is a Metro entrance. Since it winds around the elevator shaft, a solution to the problem of achieving fire separation code compliance between the elevator and the stair will be addressed i n the final report. T h e distance between the inside of the s t r i n g e r s is 65 inches. marble treads need to be cleaned, except for one that has a four break at the nosing joint, are i n condition. face The but, inch good The original oak handrail is intact but d i r t y , except for the flight from the T h i r d Floor to the Gym, where steel pipe rails have been installed. A t grade, a solution will be proposed for the problem created by having a single set of double doors as combined egress from the Elevator Lobby and the s t a i r c a s e . Such a solution will take into account p r e s e r v i n g the appearance of the exterior of the building. S T A I R #2: T h i s stair connects the Fourth Floor offices i n the southeast corner with grade at the portico near the State E n t r a n c e . I t has the same problems with fire separation and separate egress from the elevator as Stair # 1 . The distance between s t r i n g e r s is 57 inches. T h e treads and handrails are in good condition but d i r t y . 35 �S T A I R #3: T h i s stair i s located i n the East Wing at the northeast corner and connects the F o u r t h Floor w i t h the F i r s t Floor, offering egress into the Concourse. O r i g i n a l l y , the Concourse was an "outdoor" space, since the north wall was open. I t is u n l i k e l y that this would meet the code' today as an area for e g r e s s , and i t i s also unlikely that the Concourse will be reopened. A horizontal corridor on the F i r s t Floor is impossible as a means to achieve grade egress since i t would have to go through the P r e s i dential S u i t e . T h e r e f o r e , a less direct route will have to be proposed and a study of the possibilities will be done for the final report. Mezzanine L e v e l . T h e r e is no flight from the Mezzanine L e v e l to grade. A solution to this problem will be proposed i n the final r e p o r t . T h e distance between s t r i n g e r s is 52 inches. T h e marble treads have been covered with a metal tread overlay containing s t r i p s of abrasive material. T h i s is no doubt safe, but it is unsightly. Removal of the added material and cleaning of the marble i s recommended. STAIR REQUIRED: One problem immediately presents itself, without further s u r v e y , i n the East Wing where a long dead-end condition e x i s t s to the west of Stair #3. A new stair will be required if this area is to be usable office space, but a serious problem e x i s t s with egress at the F i r s t Floor where the stair would empty into either the Main Hall or the Concourse far from a perimeter wall. Enclosing this stair with a fire wall will be relatively easy since i t s present enclosure is discreet and does not share space with an elevator. T h e guard r a i l at the T h i r d Floor landing ( 5 ' - 3 " i n length) and the handrail from the T h i r d Floor up to the f i r s t landing have been replaced and no longer match the original. These should be r e s t o r e d . S T A I R #4: T h i s stair begins at the Fourth Floor and is located i n the West Wing near the Main H a l l . A major problem to be solved is presented by its e g r e s s , which is now onto the walkway through the Main Hall at the 36 T h e stair is 44 inches between the inside face of the s t r i n g e r s . The guardrails and handrails are i n good condition, although d i r t y , except from the Mezzanine to the Second Floor, where a pipe r a i l has been u s e d . Enclosure will be easily achieved around those flights that now e x i s t . S T A I R #5: Located i n the East Wing near the Main Hall, this stair is identical i n condition to Stair #4. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : None of the present s t a i r s comply with today's code and the process of bringing them into compliance is more complicated than simply installing fire doors. A comprehensive scheme will be required that will begin with anticipated occupancy load requirements and propose a scheme for providing acceptable egress from each point i n the building to grade. Also, Stair #6 through Stair #14, all minor stairs that would not be part of an egress system, will be investigated. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Architectural Elevators T h e r e are four elevators i n the building, two i n the East Wing and one i n the West Wing and one i n the Concourse. Only the West Wing elevator was working consistently during the s u r v e y . E L E V A T O R # 1 : Located i n the West Wing, this i s still i n operation and serves the F i r s t , Mezzanine, Second and T h i r d Floors. T h e F o u r t h Floor, which contains primarily the G y m , i s not served by an elevator. The Machine Room on the F o u r t h Floor above the shaft i s i n the room containing the model r a i l r o a d . T h i s i s an electric traction elevator with a cab capacity of 2,500 l b s . , as manufactured by the Otis Elevator Company. E L E V A T O R #2: Located i n the East Wing, south side, this was i n i n t e r mittent operation d u r i n g the s u r v e y . I t serves the F i r s t , Second and T h i r d Floors. T h e area above the shaft on the F o u r t h Floor i s a Machine Room. T h i s elevator i s of the same t y p e , capacity and manufacture as Elevator #1. E L E V A T O R #3: Located i n the East Wing, north side, this s e r v e s the F i r s t , Mezzanine, Second, T h i r d and F o u r t h Floors. Since this elevator serves the F o u r t h Floor, handicapped access i s available on this l e v e l , an important consideration for renovation. This elevator was not functioning during the s u r v e y . I t i s an oil hydraulic type with a basement Machine Room and was manufactured by the Montgomery Dependable Elevator C o . E L E V A T O R #4: T h i s i s located along the north wall of the Concourse, within the area comprising the Historic B u i l d i n g . Elevator #4 provides handicapped access from the Garage Bridge to the Concourse. T h i s elevator i s of recent vintage. Disposition of this elevator will be dependent upon evaluation of alternative r a i l concepts. A n attempt was made to secure the certificates for these elevators to determine their age and performance c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , but these could not be located. However, access was gained to the Machine Rooms of Elevators 1 , 2 and 3 , and the manufacturer's file numbers were obtained. With these numbers, the corresponding manuf a c t u r e r ' s files can be obtained for additional information. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : For the final r e p o r t , the condition of each elevator will be determined by inspection, by both the manufacturer and current maintenance organization i f possible. T h e capacity of each cab will be studied i n comparison with the anticipated occupancy load to see if this will meet c u r r e n t office r e q u i r e ments. Particular attention will be paid to service to the F o u r t h Floor, which i s likely to be inadequate. Fireproofing Requirements for fireproofing the existing building will be gathered from the code review and a method developed for generating a cost estimate. T h i s will include not only fireproofing for beams and columns, but also the potential for building a fire separation wall between the office floors and the railroad interiors to achieve the proper multiple occupancy separation. 37 �Skylights There are numerous skylights in windowless areas throughout the building which represent a valuable resource to increase the ease of marketing of the building. These architectural features are v e r y popular and can optimize r e n t s . I n the final report, a recommendation will be made on the feasibility of reglazing these existing openings with new glass and mullions. 38 �������INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural SUMMARY Item S B - 1 SB-2 SB-3 SB-4 SB-5 SB-6 Sl-1 Sl-2 Sl-3 Sl-4 Sl-5 51- 6 52- 1 53- 1 53-2 54- 1 S4-2 S4-3 SR-1 SR-2 SR-3 SR-4 SR-5 39 �40 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural T h e general charge of the s u r v e y i s to determine those actions necessary or desirable to p r e s e r v e the long term s t r u c t u r a l integrity of Union Station (the Historical Building o n l y ) . Over the y e a r s the building has fallen into a state of needing repair which affects structural elements. Many of the s t r u c t u r a l problems are a direct r e s u l t of poor maintenance which has allowed moisture to have long term contact with the s t r u c t u r a l members. This type of deterioration should be halted immediately by having a waterproofing envelope protect the entire building as necessary. T h e findings of this report are based solely on conditions as they exist now. T h e extent of continued deterioration cannot be anticipated if present waterproofing conditions are not corrected. METHODOLOGY: To develop a program of analysis and r e p a i r , a team of s t r u c t u r a l engineers has gone throughout the building and by v i s u a l inspection has pinpointed the elements of s t r u c t u r a l implication that are i n an i r r e g u l a r condition. T h i s initial inspection was supplemented by review of existing documents which are not conclusive nor complete. Within the t e x t , reference made to a report on Union Station dated October 1977 is identifying the following: "Washington Union Station: Special Study for the F R A T a s k Force on Union S t a t i o n " , prepared by Deleuw, Cather/ Parsons and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. A general statement of the building's s t r u c t u r a l integrity as understood at this point in time has been formulated. Based on initial v i s u a l observations throughout the building, there is no s t r u c t u r a l item that needs immediate attention. T h i s statement is subject to change as the s u r v e y continues. T R A I N INDUCED V I B R A T I O N : V i b r a tion of the building is easily felt on the upper floors of the east side of the Historic Building when t r a i n s go through the Long-Haul Tunnel. F u r t h e r investigation will be done to determine whether this vibration r e p r e sents a s t r u c t u r a l problem or should be considered i n a category similar to a noise transmission problem. T h e pertinent findings of the i n v e s t i gation so far are contained w i t h i n , with each item' of concern being . described from a v i s u a l perspective. Also, each item is discussed f u r t h e r as to the extent and amount of f u r t h e r investigation required so as to completely define the problem and a r r i v e at a method of rehabilitation as r e q u i r e d . T h e location of each item of concern is located on the pertinent plan. T h e plans are at the end of this t e x t . 41 �Item S B - 1 LOCATION: S t r u c t u r a l System S u p porting Long-Haul T r a i n T r a c k s at the point where the Mail T u n n e l ( B 8 1 ) passes beneath the t r a c k s . EXISTING CONDITIONS: Existing construction of concrete encased steel framing beams and partially encased columns displays deterioration. In several locations, the e x i s t i n g concrete cover is cracked and/or has spalled off and the steel is r u s t e d . Framing at the north wall shows considerable amount of r u s t on bottom flanges. At the east end of this a r e a , additional columns have been installed and certain members have been reinforced. T h e e x i s t i n g concrete walls do not exhibit signs of d i s t r e s s or deterioration. T h i s area was previously noted i n report on Union Station, October 1977. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : To examine the top flange of beams, the slab will be opened up at a limited number of locations to monitor deterioration. Rusted steel will be investigated by a testing agency, E . L . Conwell & C o . , to determine the amount of material remaining. Engineering analysis will be performed to determine whether r u s t e d beams will perform satisfactorily for the intended purpose. I f e x i s t i n g framing is determined to be deficient, recommendations for repair will be developed. Areas will be identified where f i r e proofing is necessary for fire r a t i n g . A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . 42 Since the construction history of the added columns is partially unknown, the adequacy of members and foundation will be determined. A Soils Engineer, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, will view the bearing strata of foundation and make recommendations as n e c e s s a r y . IMPACT ON OTHER DISCIPLINES: Deterioration of the framing and concrete encasement i n this area is due to water penetration. To prevent this condition from r e c u r r i n g the following items should be examined and the necessary corrections made: o o o o waterproofing and drainage system of slab at through t r a c k s , waterproofing of e x i s t i n g w a l l s , pipe l e a k s , unnecessary hangers on beams identified and eliminated. F i r e r a t i n g for beams and columns as required by code authorities will be determined. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S B - 2 L O C A T I O N : Wall Opening at East E n d of Mail Handling T u n n e l E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: The unreinforced concrete g r a v i t y retaining wall which i s 5 f t . t h i c k at mid-height has an opening cut into i t for a ramp to the east basement a r e a . T h i s wall displays a c r a c k from the top of the wall to the top of the opening over the center of the opening. T h e c r a c k line is a pour joint i n the concrete w a l l . A key joint i s observed on the underside of the top of the opening. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Even though there are no v i s u a l signs of distress i n the w a l l , an analysis will be performed to determine if the strength of wall i s significant to support the column on top of the wall. T h i s additional study i s necessary to confirm that modifications to the original s t r u c ture were proper. Clearance at the top of the opening for mail-carrying t r u c k s i s inadequate, which has limited the tunnel's u s e . A building column i s supported on top of the wall above the north end of the cut through the w a l l . T h e r e are no c r a c k s or other indicators of s t r u c t u r a l distress. T h i s area was previously noted i n the report on Union Station, October 1977. FINDINGS: T h e United States Postal Service has recently discontinued use of the t u n n e l . Therefore, the clearance condition mentioned above needs no further consideration. 43 �Item S B - 3 Item S B - 4 LOCATION: Ramp to Sub-basement L e v e l to the West of Long-Haul T r a i n Tracks LOCATION: North Wall of Concourse at Basement L e v e l and Structural Esplanade Slab, West of Long-Haul Train Tracks E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : E x i s t i n g ramp and walls are of concrete construction. T h e walls and slab do not show any signs of d i s t r e s s and appear to be sound. A portion of the area above the ramp is framed at the Basement floor level with wood joist and decking. T h e decking has gaps between the planks. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Engineering analysis will be performed to establish the load capacity of e x i s t i n g construction if wood construction i s acceptable. I f e x i s t i n g wood framing is to remain, it will be fully inspected to determine present condition of wood with respect to decay. I f wood construction is unacceptable (see below), a corrective method will be proposed. I t will be following: o o necessary to establish the fire rating requirements and future intended use to determine if wood construction is acceptable, restrictions regarding head room requirements over ramp which will affect reconstruction if n e c e s s a r y . E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: The existing concrete basement wall has no unusual c r a c k s ; however, there are several areas of water penetration. The basement wall is approximately twelve feet ( 1 2 ' - 0 " ) north of the exterior Concourse wall that is above grade, which is supported by steel column and beam construction within the Basement. T h e exterior concrete s l a b , Esplanade, above the area between the basement wall and exterior Concourse wall is i n poor condition. Along the basement wall there are sizeable steel beams perpendicular to the wall of questionable function which do not appear on the acquired drawings. R u s t on some of the steel beams s u p porting the Esplanade is visible where encasement has been removed at hanger supports. Where the Pedestrian Bridge from the P a r k i n g S t r u c t u r e meets the north face of the Concourse, there are shores i n the basement marked "DO NOT REMOVE". Construction i n this area was reviewed with s t r u c t u r a l engineers from S v e r d r u p & Parcel who were involved with the recent construction. T h e y claim modifications had been made for which they could not account. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: At two locations, sections of the Esplanade will be removed to examine condition of waterproofing above the basement and to review the condition of the s u p porting steel beams. 44 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S B - 5 Two observation pits under the s u p e r vision of a Soils Engineer, WoodwardClyde Consultants, will be dug n e x t to the Basement wall to a depth 5 f t . below the Basement slab a r e a . These will assist i n determining the source of the water penetrating the Basement wall. LOCATION: West Hall F u r t h e r investigation will be made to determine the significance of sizeable steel beams of questionable function. T h i s may involve f u r t h e r removal of part of the Esplanade above one of these elements. FINDINGS: T h e c r a c k s i n the walls indicate that improper foundations support these w a l l s . T h e c r a c k s will not hinder the walls being used as partitions and should be repaired for cosmetic reasons only. T h e cracked walls do not indicate that the main s t r u c t u r a l system i n this area is unsound. Framing condition at shores marked "DO NOT R E M O V E " will be determined and a permanent framing scheme will be developed. Basement Walls Below E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: These nonbearing partitions of concrete block or t e r r a cotta tile are severely c r a c k e d . T h e s t r u c t u r a l framing shows no signs of d i s t r e s s . Deterioration of the framing and concrete encasement i n this area is due to water penetration. To prevent this condition from r e c u r r i n g , the following items will be examined and necessary corrections made: o o o o waterproofing and drainage system of s l a b , waterproofing of existing w a l l s , pipe l e a k s , unnecessary hangers on beams identified and eliminated. Electrical v a u l t s may require temporary shutdowns or protection to accommodate inspection operation. F i r e r a t i n g for beams and columns will be determined as required by code authorities. 45 �Item S B - 6 Item S1 - 1 L O C A T I O N : Basement Slab Throughout Building (not located on plan) LOCATION: The Construction in the Main Hall Designated as P . A . V . E . by National Visitor Center Documents E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h e slab is cracked extensively at different locations. FINDINGS: The c r a c k i n g and deterioration of this slab is evidence of v a r y i n g degrees of local settlement of the s l a b . The cracked slab has no effect on the s t r u c t u r a l integrity of the building as a whole nor suggests a major s t r u c t u r a l problem. Where for service requirements a flat, uncracked slab is necessary, a new engineered slab must be installed on compacted engineered fill material. E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: A portion of the original F i r s t Floor framing has been removed to create a large opening in the floor for the P . A . V . E . New framing has been added to support this s t r u c t u r e . The bottom of this pits is at a lower elevation than the original slab-on-grade at the basement level. T h i s steel is protected with s p r a y - o n fireproofing material. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The s p r a y - o n fireproofing will be analyzed to determine if it has asbestos in i t . T h e r e are no indicators which point to problems with the integrity of the s t r u c t u r e . However, this area will be studied further since the proposed future use of the Main Hall may require a floor over this opening at the F i r s t Floor level. A preliminary s t r u c t u r a l scheme will be done so that a cost estimate for this future framing can be included in the Final Report. F u t u r e use of this area at both F i r s t Floor and Basement will be determined. 46 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S 1 - 2 LOCATION: of Main Hall Underside Item S 1 - 3 of F i r s t Floor LOCATION: Underside of Concourse of F i r s t Floor E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: Throughout this area there are numerous locations where clay tile has been removed from around the steel beam flanges to hang equipment. A t these points, the flanges have r u s t e d . E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: Throughout this area there are numerous locations where clay tile has been removed from around the steel beam flanges to hang equipment. At these points, flanges have r u s t e d . F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A l l corroded members will be investigated to determine if present strength i s inadequate due to r u s t . Recommendations for repair will be developed as necessary. I n the significantly large area which had been reframed after the t r a i n c r a s h i n the early 5 0 ' s , the original construction has been replaced by concrete-encased steel beams with a concrete slab on metal deck. At various points, some of this concrete encasement has been removed for equipment h a n g e r s . Areas will be identified where f i r e proofing is necessary for fire r a t i n g . A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . F i r e r a t i n g for beams and columns as required by code authorities will be determined. Unnecessary hangers on beams should be identified and eliminated. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A l l corroded members will be investigated to determine i f present strength i s inadequate due to r u s t . Recommendations for repair will be developed as necessary. Areas will be identified where f i r e proofing is necessary for fire r a t i n g . A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . T h e area of the 1950's construction will be studied to ascertain compatibility with original construction. A minimum of two cores will be taken from the F i r s t Floor slab where i t has been reframed to determine information about slab system. T h e profile of deck, gauge of deck, thickness of slab, strength of concrete, and type of concrete will be established. T h e capacity of the slab and some r e p r e sentative framing members will be determined. 47 �Item S 1 - 4 Where concrete encasement removed, i t will be patched. has been' LOCATION: East Wall of Concourse E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : I n the upper portion of the glass wall two pieces of glass are c r a c k e d . Some of the fascia stone is dislodged and the joint between the window frame and stone has not been properly closed. T h e r e e x i s t s a 1-1/2" gap, approximately. At the southeast end new v e r t i c a l steel framing has been added to support a t r u s s system which i n t u r n supports the w a l l . New block work has been added at this location to enclose the steel. T h e r e are no signs of d i s t r e s s ; however, the function of certain framing elements is not apparent. T h e lower glass wall is supported by the original steel framing of the Concourse Main Floor. These original girders also support the partially completed Esplanade. T h i s framing is exposed to the weather, since there are no basement walls at this location. Large amounts of steel are unprotected by fireproofing. One of the original columns has bent flanges. Some temporary shoring in the Basement is still i n place where the T r a i n Concourse F i r s t Floor framing beams have been reconnected to a new girder at the north end of this wall. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Framing of wall will be reviewed to establish the function of various elements. A method of repair for the column with bent flanges will be proposed. 48 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S 1 - 5 The original framing at the F i r s t Floor will be reviewed by a testing agency for r u s t and the connections of the new steel from the Esplanade to this framing is to be inspected for completeness. Areas will be identified where f i r e proofing i s necessary for fire r a t i n g . A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . The following n o n - s t r u c t u r a l items should be reviewed and corrected as necessary: o o o o joints i n f a s c i a , cracked glass, lack of weather Basement, Caulking. protection in L O C A T I O N : Entrance from Presidential Suite to Concourse E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: At the east side of the e n t r y , there are c r a c k s i n the glazed b r i c k s and openings i n joints where mortar has fallen out. Over the exhaust f a n , the wall has bowed outward. The ornamental column on the east side of entry exhibits some spalling and minor chipping. Over the e n t r y , the glazed tile has c r a c k s i n i t . Inside the vestibule of the Presidential Suite there i s peeled paint and c r a c k s in the plaster. These are due to aging and are not connected to glazed b r i c k c r a c k s already mentioned. Below this area i n the Basement are non-bearing walls of concrete block or t e r r a cotta tile which are severely cracked. T h i s area was previously noted i n the report on Union Station, October 1977. FINDINGS: T h i s entry is supported on steel framing i n the main floor and columns which penetrate through the Basement. T h e r e i s no evidence of distress i n this framing as observed from below i n the Basement. C r a c k s in the masonry work on the F i r s t Floor are n o n - s t r u c t u r a l and should be repaired for the purpose of restoring the original f i n i s h . The c r a c k s i n the walls below indicate that improper foundations support these walls. T h e c r a c k s will not hinder the walls being used as p a r t i tions and should be repaired for cosmetic reasons only. T h e cracked walls do not indicate that the main s t r u c t u r a l i n this area is unsound. 49 �Item S 1 - 6 Item S 1 - 7 L O C A T I O N : West E n d Wall of Concourse L O C A T I O N : Intersection of the Pedest r i a n Bridge from the P a r k i n g Garage with the Concourse E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : A t both the Basement and F i r s t Floor level there are no signs of s t r u c t u r a l d i s t r e s s . C r a c k s in the north pier at the F i r s t Floor level are only i n the drywall finish and they do not occur i n the block walls behind. From the exterior, it is possible to note that a small fascia stone has been disloged at the northern intersection of the c u r v e d edge outlining the top of the upper glass window wall and the bottom edge of this same glass system. Above the Concourse into the t r u s s space, light is penetrating through joints between the new and old stone fascia. F I N D I N G S : T h i s area exhibits problems which deal only with the stone fascia as noted p r e v i o u s l y . These should be reviewed and r e p a i r s made for the purpose of restoring the original finish conditions. 50 E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : T h e connection of the two lowest main beams of the Pedestrian Bridge with the Concourse has been stated i n the scope of work to be a moment-type connection and a potential cause of a problem should the P a r k i n g Garage and Concourse settle differentially. This condition was noted i n the report on Union Station, October 1977. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: This connection will be fully investigated to determine i t s function. T h e architect u r a l cover over the connection will be removed as n e c e s s a r y . I f the connection is determined to be inappropriate, recommendations for repair will be developed. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S 2 - 1 Item S 3 - 1 LOCATION: Floor of East V a u l t Room at Second Floor LOCATION: East Floor Office Areas E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : T h e r e i s an extensive c r a c k i n the floor r u n n i n g east-west. E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h i s floor has had water penetrating through i t which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n the v i c i n i t y of the c r a c k , the concrete topping and fill will be removed to see if the c r a c k is also i n the s t r u c t u r a l tile a r c h construction. I f the c r a c k does continue into the tile a r c h , an extensive investigation and analysis will be conducted to determine the cause. Remedial work will be proposed as necessary. and West Third FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n an area where water penetration has o c c u r r e d , a section of topping and fill will be removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. A corrective method will be proposed as necessary. Finish items that have deteriorated and need additional attention are the flooring and the plaster ceilings. 51 �Item S 3 - 2 Item S 4 - 1 LOCATION: Floor of East Vault Room at T h i r d Floor LOCATION: East Floor Office Areas E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h e r e is an extensive c r a c k i n the floor r u n n i n g east-west. E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h i s floor has had water penetrating through it which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n the v i c i n i t y of the c r a c k , the concrete topping and fill will be removed to see if the c r a c k is also i n the s t r u c t u r a l tile a r c h construction. I f the c r a c k does continue into the tile a r c h , an extensive investigation and analysis will be conducted to determine the cause. Remedial work will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . and West Fourth FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n an area where water penetration has o c c u r r e d , a section of topping and fill will be removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . F i n i s h items that have deteriorated and need additional attention are the flooring and the plaster ceiling. 52 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S 4 - 2 Item S 4 - 3 L O C A T I O N : Area Between Ceiling and Roof i n Main Hall LOCATION: E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: The truss supporting the ceiling and roof i s visible from this location, and shows no sign of d i s t r e s s . A secondary t r u s s frames into the east wall above the north doorway into this space. T h e bottom of the support corbel for the t r u s s has fallen off. The plaster arches below this area on the north side of the Main Hall have discolored and deteriorated. These serious water leaks should have been corrected since the roof over this area has been repaired. T h e hangers supporting the arches have not r u s t e d . Floor of East T a n k Room E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: T h e r e i s an extensive c r a c k i n the floor r u n n i n g east-west. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n the vicinity of the c r a c k , the concrete topping and fill will be removed to see if the c r a c k i s also i n the s t r u c t u r a l tile a r c h construction. I f the c r a c k does continue into the tile a r c h , an extensive investigation and analysis will be conducted to determine the cause. Remedial work will be proposed as necessary. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Visual inspection of the top chord of the t r u s s and roof p u r l i n s will be done so as to check for corrosion. T h e seriousness of the broken corbel will be determined and a corrective measure will be proposed, i f n e c e s s a r y . The deteriorated be r e p a i r e d . plaster arches must 53 �Item S R - 1 LOCATION: Gymnasium and Storage Room i n West E n d of the Building E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : T h e existing gymnasium roof is supported on wallbearing steel t r u s s e s . T h i s framing has only minor amounts of r u s t . The northwest pier of the gymnasium has cracked and needs to be r e p a i r e d . Along the n o r t h , east and west sides of the main gymnasium roof, there are short s p a n , flat roof areas where there are considerable amounts of r u s t on the bottom flanges. T h e Storage Room, which i s directly south of the gymnasium area and at the same l e v e l , is roofed with stone slabs supported by wall bearing steel beams and built-up g i r d e r s . This steel framing exhibits extensive corrosion. R i v e t s have disintegrated at certain points. The floor of the Storage Room several small holes i n the slab. has F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A testing agency, E . L . Conwell & C o . , will clean all deteriorated framing at roof and floor and establish the amount of sound material left. Where steel has r u s t e d , r i v e t s will be inspected to determine if they are still functioning properly. Connections between stone slabs and s t r u c t u r a l framing will be inspected. Analysis will be performed to determine the remaining capacity of deteriorated members and to develop a remedial program as needed. At floor level at an area where water penetration has o c c u r r e d , a section of 54 topping and fill will be removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. A corrective method will be proposed as n e c e s s a r y . Deterioration of framing is due to water penetration. To prevent this condition from r e c u r r i n g the following should be examined and corrected as necessary: o o o joint pointing, joint s e a l s , roof d r a i n s . The flooring replacement. in this area needs �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S R - 3 Item S R - 2 LOCATION: and Roof West T a n k Room Ceiling LOCATION: and Roof East T a n k Room Ceiling E X I S T I N G C O N D I T I O N S : Some r u s t e d steel was observed from the tank room floor, along the south wall j u s t below the ceiling l e v e l . T h e framing of the ceiling of the tank room also showed deterioration due to r u s t . E X I S T I N G CONDITIONS: Some r u s t e d steel was observed from the tank room floor, along the south wall j u s t below the ceiling l e v e l . T h e framing of the ceiling of the tank room also showed deterioration due to r u s t . The roof of the tank room i s stone slabs. T h e steel framing i s severely rusted. T h e roof of the tank room i s stone slabs. T h e steel framing i s severely rusted. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A testing agency, E . L . Conwell & C o . , will clean a l l deteriorated framing at roof and floor and establish amount of sound material left. Where steel has r u s t e d , r i v e t s will be inspected to determine if they are still functioning properly. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A testing agency, E . L . Conwell & C o . , will clean all deteriorated framing at roof and floor and establish the amount of sound material left. Where steel has r u s t e d , r i v e t s will be inspected to determine i f they are still functioning properly. Connections between stone slabs and s t r u c t u r a l framing will be inspected. Connections between stone slabs and s t r u c t u r a l framing will be inspected. Analysis will be performed to determine the remaining capacity of the deteriorated members and to develop a remedial program as needed. Analysis will be performed to determine remaining capacity of deteriorated members and develop remedial program as needed. Deterioration of framing i s due to water penetration. To prevent this condition from r e c u r r i n g , the following should be examined and corrected as necessary: Deterioration of framing i s due to water penetration. To prevent this condition from r e c u r r i n g , the following should be examined and corrected as necessary: o o o o o o joint pointing, joint seals, roof d r a i n s . joint pointing, joint seals, roof d r a i n s . 55 �Item S R - 4 LOCATION: North Wall at Concourse EXISTING CONDITIONS: From the interior of the Concourse (specifically through an opening i n the c e i l i n g ) , no s t r u c t u r a l d i s t r e s s was apparent. T h e existing steel beam i n the north wall at the ceiling level was not observed through the opening since it i s encased in b r i c k w o r k . At this location, there is a serious water leak due to a hole in the roof next to a roof d r a i n causing damage to the ceiling. T h e interior t e r r a cotta cornice cracked at several locations. is T h e exterior wall is covered with stucco panels which were installed as part of National Visitor Center construction. A section of wall was left uncovered. T h e panels have hairline cracks throughout with the most deteriorated ones being above the t e r r a cotta cornice. T h e exterior t e r r a cotta cornice is cracked e x t e n s i v e l y . Some of the c r a c k s are horizontal i n addition to the typical v e r t i c a l ones. T h e s t r u c t u r a l system which supports the ceiling and roof shows no sign of distress. T h e framing for the monitor room at the peak of the roof at some locations is wood. T h i s area was previously noted i n the report on Union Station, October 1977. 56 F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : T h e wall will be opened at several locations to expose the girder which supports the Concourse roof t r u s s e s and inspection will be made for deterioration. This further investigation is necessary since sources have indicated that these beams had extensive exposure to weather. Visual inspection of the top chord of the t r u s s e s and roof p u r l i n s will be done so as to check for corrosion. Items that show signs of deterioration and need additional attention, but are not s t r u c t u r a l are the following: o o o o interior terra cotta cornice elements, exterior stucco panels, exterior t e r r a cotta cornice, serious water leak due to a hole in the roof n e x t to a roof d r a i n . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Structural Item S R - 5 LOCATION: Office Space Flat Roof Area Over EXISTING CONDITIONS: T h i s roof has had water penetrating through i t which has caused plaster and paint to spall from the underside of the tile construction. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: I n an area where water penetration has o c c u r r e d , a section of topping and fill will be removed and the steel framing exposed and checked for deterioration. A corrective method will be proposed as necessary. IMPACT ON O T H E R D I S C I P L I N E S : I f deterioration i s found, remedial work will be coordinated with reroofing work which i s contained i n the W K R Partnership report entitled "Roofing and Drainage R e p a i r " . T h e plaster ceiling has deteriorated and needs additional attention. 57 �58 �������INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Mechanical SUMMARY HEATING SYSTEM High P r e s s u r e Steam Distribution System Steam P r e s s u r e Reducing Stations Low P r e s s u r e Steam and Condensate R e t u r n Piping System VENTILATING SYSTEM A I R CONDITIONING S Y S T E M 59 �60 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Mechanical SUMMARY: T h e existing steam heating system i s antiquated, with less than what today would be considered minimum controls. Most of the piping, except the portions recently replaced, i s i n poor condition. With the exception of the high p r e s s u r e steam piping system, the steam p r e s s u r e reducing stations and the recently replaced portions of low pressure steam piping, the remainder of the heating system needs replacement. The ventilation system i s also i n poor condition, except for the elements which were installed during the 1976/77 program. T h e new elements will be subjected to review for the possibility of integrating them into a future system. The a i r conditioning system, installed in 1976, has the potential for future s e r v i c e , provided the utilization of the building lends itself to the application of the present units and systems. The package a i r conditioners i n the offices are not suitable for future service. Work has been done i n the following areas within the last ten (10) y e a r s , and this work has been inspected to determine whether any of these systems can be expe'cted to remain i n s e r v i c e : o o o o o high p r e s s u r e steam service from the Capitol Hill Steam Plant steam p r e s s u r e reducing stations portions of the low p r e s s u r e steam and condensate piping main condensate r e t u r n unit and satellite condensate pumps chilled water plant (nominal 380 tons) o o o o a i r handling units ( A H U - 1 to 9 ) for a i r conditioning a i r handling unit (AHU-10) for ventilation fans ( F - l through F - 1 3 ) for r e t u r n a i r and mechanical exhaust cabinet unit heaters i n vestibules METHODOLOGY: The investigative s u r v e y consisted of collecting existing documents on the building, comparing these to existing conditions and evaluating conditions of existing systems and equipment. The following were u s e d : o o o o sources of documents D C DOT WMATA National P a r k Service blueprint storage i n Union Station Building The following people were contacted and made information available to u s : o o Mr. Lawrence R . Stoffel, Chief Engineer, Capitol Power Plant Mr. Norman Mattingly, Executive Vice President, John J . Wilson, Inc. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : T h e areas which require further investigation are explained i n detail under each section of the t e x t . I n general, the following inspection activities are r e q u i r e d : o o o o high p r e s s u r e steam piping steam p r e s s u r e reducing stations low p r e s s u r e steam and condensate mains i n Basement all equipment installed within last 10 y e a r s that may have the potential for utilization i n the future system 61 �Heating System D E S C R I P T I O N : The heating medium is steam, available from the Capitol Hill Steam Plant since 1981. Originally, steam was provided from the steam plant of the Washington Terminal Company. The high p r e s s u r e steam system terminates at the p r e s s u r e reducing stations located conveniently to serve the existing equipment. COMPONENTS: The major of the heating system a r e : components DESCRIPTION: The following steam pressure reducing stations were noted: o High p r e s s u r e steam distribution piping and condensate r e t u r n . o Steam p r e s s u r e reducing stations. STATION NO. 1: located in the center portion of the Basement (for air handling unit AHU-10 s e r v i n g the Concourse). o Low p r e s s u r e steam and condensate r e t u r n piping system. o Condensate pumps. o Heating terminal equipment. High P r e s s u r e Steam Distribution System D E S C R I P T I O N : Steam s e r v i c e , approximately at 60 psig p r e s s u r e , enters the building at the Basement level and is conducted to several steam p r e s s u r e reducing stations, where steam p r e s s u r e is regulated between 6 to 10 psig for use by the building heating system. The original high p r e s s u r e distribution piping has been replaced by a new piping system installed in 1981, except for a section of piping in the east portion of the building, which remains from the existing system. The new 6" main excellent service. capacity systems. 62 high p r e s s u r e steam piping, a with 4" main b r a n c h e s , is in condition, ready for extended I t is estimated that pipe would be adequate for future Steam P r e s s u r e Reducing Stations S T A T I O N NO. 2: located in the east portion of the Basement ( s e r v e s the east portion of the b u i l d i n g ) . S T A T I O N NO. 3: in the west part of the Basement ( s e r v e s west part of the building). S T A T I O N NO. 4: in west part of the Basement (for air handling unit AHU-9 that serves the fast food r e s t a u r a n t in the C o n c o u r s e ) . S T A T I O N NO. 5: in the center east part of the Basement ( s e r v e s the domestic water heater in Basement). FURTHER INVESTIGATION: All p r e s s u r e reducing stations appear to be in good condition, further i n v e s t i gation is required to ascertain capacities. Low P r e s s u r e Steam and Condensate R e t u r n Piping System D E S C R I P T I O N : A large portion of the original steam and condensate r e t u r n piping system is still in s e r v i c e . In certain areas of the building, p r i n c i pally in the west areas and center �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Mechanical south portion of the Basement, the low p r e s s u r e steam and condensate piping was replaced i n 1976 and a portion of the existing steam mains were r e insulated. T h e existing steam and condensate r e t u r n r i s e r s have not been replaced. Some steam leakage on the upper floors of the East Wing was noted, as well as i n the southwest part of the Basement, indicating that the complete system, except the recently replaced elements, may fail at any time. I t i s questionable that even the main r u n s i n the Basement could be relied on for long-term s e r v i c e . I t i s possible that the future heating of the building may be by a hydronic system i n which event the greatest portion of the steam and condensate piping would be phased out. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: Whether the remainder of the original steam mains i n the Basement should definitely be also condemned will be investigated. Condensate Pumps DESCRIPTION: T h e main condensate r e t u r n unit i s an A u r o r a Steam R e t u r n Package Model 190F, consisting of a horizontal tank and two 15 HP pumps, mounted on steel framing and equipped with the necessary controls. T h e unit is located i n the southeast p a r t of. the Basement. T h i s unit is designed to pump the steam condensate back to the Capitol Hill steam plant. T h e unit appears to be i n good condition and was observed to function properly. The 2" condensate line from this unit to the point of connection to Capitol Hill steam distribution system i s new, installed i n 1981 and should be i n excellent condition. T h e r e are three smaller, secondary condensate pumps collecting steam condensate from local equipment and t r a n s f e r r i n g the fluid to the main condensate r e t u r n u n i t s . These pumps are: CONDENSATE PUMP # 1 : located i n the Basement south Mechanical Room, s e r v i n g a i r handling unit A H U - 6 , 7 and 8. (Economy, Simplex, sump t y p e , Model U C I - 3 0 - 5 rated for 30,000 E D R , 50 psig d i s c h a r g e . ) CONDENSATE PUMP #2: located i n the Basement west Mechanical Room s e r v i n g air handling unit AHU-9 (duplex t y p e , rated for 2,400 E D R ) . CONDENSATE PUMP #3: i n the Concourse Basement, serving AHU-10 (duplex type rated for 18,000 E D R ) . The above three pumps were installed during the 1976/77 program and appear to be i n good condition. All steam condensate is not returned to the steam plant. Adjacent to the main condensate r e t u r n unit i s a concrete t a n k , where some of the steam condensate is piped, cooled to approximately 140° F . and disposed to the sewer. Heating Terminals DESCRIPTION: T h e terminal equipment i s the following: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 heating cast iron radiators cast iron baseboard radiators convectors finned tube radiation pipe coils unit heaters cabinet unit heaters 63 �Initially, cast iron radiators were provided i n most spaces, especially in rooms on the east and west w i n g s , i n s t a i r s , and c o r r i d o r s . A l l such r a d i ators are manually controlled and are equipped with hand valves ( i n good condition) and thermostatic steam t r a p s . Most steam t r a p s have recently been replaced. T h e radiators show little outside evidence of wear I n several rooms, used generally for offices, the cast iron radiators have been replaced by finned tube radiation, or by cast iron baseboard radiation, evidently i n order to conserve space. These elements, being not as durable as cast iron radiation, appear to be well w o r n . I n public spaces, such as i n the large toilets of the main floor, recessed convectors were provided at the exterior walls. I n the wells of s k y l i g h t s of the upper story rooms, as well as i n the gym on the F o u r t h Floor of the west w i n g , pipe coils consisting of 1-1/4" pipes are provided to counteract cold drafts from these s u r f a c e s . Most coils did not show evidence of outside corrosion. These elements being p a r t of the original installation may be presumed to have advanced internal corrosion. T h e large toilet rooms on the upper floors are heated i n a v a r i e t y of w a y s ; cast iron radiators and/or small steam heated ceiling hung unit heaters. Most of these unit h e a t e r s , controlled by local thermostats, were nonfunctional . I n the entrance vestibules of the main hall, the original recessed heating units were replaced by cabinet type 64 unit heaters. These units are of recent vintage, controlled by thermostats i n the r e t u r n a i r and appear to be i n serviceable condition. Further investigation is required to ascertain capacities. T h e Concourse is heated by several types of equipment. Along the north w a l l , nine ( 9 ) cabinet unit heaters are provided. These units are installed i n a custom-made wood enclosure. The steam and condensate piping is i n front of the u n i t s , blocking access for s e r v i c i n g . T h e u n i t s , being relatively new, originating from the 1975/76 program, appear to be i n serviceable condition, except for a couple that have noisy f a n s . Similar unit heaters (3 u n i t s ) are installed near the east wall of the Concourse, i n front of a large glass area. These units are set i n an inverted position i n custom-made wood enclosures; which may not suit future architectural arrangement. T h e units are functioning normally. T h e Concourse is additionally heated by an a i r system, r e f e r r e d to as AHU-10. T h i s system will be described under Ventilating System below. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Mechanical Ventilating System DESCRIPTION: The original 1903 Burnham drawings indicate an extensive ducted ventilation system with tempered air to the public areas of the building. Parts of this system, large fans and d u c t s , were abandoned some time ago. Presently, mechanical ventilation is provided by new systems installed in 1975/76. The new system includes a large heating and ventilating unit (AHU-10) for the Concourse and air handling units designed for air conditioning ( A H U - 1 through 9 ) . The air conditioning units will be discussed i n the paragraph on A i r Conditioning. The system for the Concourse is designed to circulate 40,000 cfm of air and consists of a supply air unit equipped with 30 HP f a n , steam heating coil and throw-away type f i l t e r s . T h e system is arranged to r u n on 100% outside a i r , or on full recirculation. The r e t u r n air fan ( B a r r y No. 7660) has a 10 HP motor. The supply air is ducted to a raised platform in the center portion of the Concourse and distributed by linear grilles in the fascia of the platform. T h e system appears to be in good condition. On the east section of the main floor, the kitchen which used to serve a restaurant adjacent to it is now abandoned. A large exhaust fan on the kitchen mezzanine is completely antiquated and its ductwork dismantled. At the ceiling, a small, more recent make-up air fan with connecting ductwork also appears to be not worthy for continued use. designed for 3300 cfm, a second fan designed for 2500 cfm for the kitchen and a t h i r d exhaust fan for 1300 cfm s e r v i n g the toilets and lockers in the Basement below the restaurant may possibly be utilized. These fans are located in the t r u s s space above. The Presidential Suite has no ventilation system at present. T h e r e are a number of old exhaust fans and/or g r a v i t y exhausts provided for toilet rooms of the upper floors. These exhaust systems, as well as the exhaust for the Basement toilets and storage rooms are in various stages of d i s r e p a i r , or are disconnected. At the roof level of the east wing there are three rows of s i x stacks each (total of 1 8 ) , presumably providing ventilation to the long haul t r a c k s . Inspection at the t r a c k level revealed that only five stacks penetrated to the t r a c k level. Under Phase I I of roof repairs all stacks were going to be covered and equipped with v e r t i c a l louvers. F I N D I N G S : With the exception of the Concourse ventilation system ( A H U - 1 0 ) , the building will require a completely new ventilation system. On the Concourse level, a fast food restaurant was installed d u r i n g the 1976 program. The range exhaust fan 65 �Air Conditioning System DESCRIPTION: T h e building is p a r tially air conditioned. I n the 1976 program a chiller plant and nine ( 9 ) air handling units were installed to serve public areas of the main floor. On the upper floors of the east and west wings of the building, package air conditioners were provided for selected areas for the comfort of the occupants. T h e latter units generally are the split-direct expansion type in the spaces. The chiller plant consists of a nominal 385 ton capacity centrifugal chiller manufactured by T r a n e and auxiliaries with matched capacity as follows: o Condenser Water Pumps ( 2 ) , Bell & Gossett, double suction t y p e , capacity of each per nameplate: 1275 gallon/ minute, 88 feet head, 75 H P , one spare pump. o Chilled Water Pumps ( 2 ) , Bell & Gossett, double suction type, capacity of each per nameplate: 924 gallon/minute, 115 feet head, 40 H P , one spare pump. o Cooling Tower ( 1 ) , ejection B A C Model J2412B-27. type, The cooling tower is mounted on s u p p o r t s , above the roof of the centersouth portion of the building, while the chiller and pumps are located in a mechanical room i n the Basement, referred to as Mechanical Room #3. I n Mechanical Room #3 there is also a smaller, air cooled water chiller package ( T r a n e CGAA 0254 MB) with a nominal capacity of 25 tons that is located i n the relief air chamber. The unit is equipped with a separate chilled water 66 pump. T h i s unit is connected to the main chilled water piping and could have s e r v e d as a winter chiller for one of the air handling u n i t s . A tabulation of the air handling units of the air conditioning system is given i n Table 1 . Each of the air handling units is floor-mounted and is equipped with throw-away type air f i l t e r s , chilled water, cooling coil, steam heating coil and steam humidifier (except units AHU-8 and 9 ) . A H U - 1 , 2, 3 , 4 and 8 are provided with bag filters also, rated on the drawings for 45% efficiency. Each of the systems includes an in-line centrifugal-type r e t u r n air f a n , except AHU-5 which is matched with a c e n t r i fugal-type r e t u r n air f a n . A l l supply air ductwork is either externally insulated or acoustically lined. Duct connections to units are arranged for operating on the economy cycle in mild weather, using 100% outside air and relieving r e t u r n air to the outside. T h e r e are about ten (10) small (2-1/2 ton to 5 ton capacity) packaged air conditioners for the office areas of the upper floors. Most of these units are the s p l i t - t y p e , with an air cooled condenser located on the nearby roof and supply air ductwork connected to nearby rooms. R e t u r n air usually is drawn back to the unit through corridors. Some outside air is provided for these systems through duct connections to the roof, or to adjacent windows. CONDITION OF S Y S T E M S : T h e chilled water plant and units A H U - 1 through 9 a r e , from all outward appearances, in excellent condition. The chiller plant �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Mechanical Temperature Controls and most units were inactive, since the building is not being u s e d . I t was observed, however, that units A H U - 2 , 4, 5 and 10 were r u n n i n g . F u t u r e use of the system depends on the layout and utilization of the building. The required layout of a future system may v a r y to a larger or smaller extent from the present layout. However, it is probable that the basic equipment may be adapted to a new system, provided the equipment is properly serviced and tested i n order to ascertain its actual capacity. DESCRIPTION: The heating system controls generally are manual. The low p r e s s u r e steam system that feeds the heating system is set for a constant steam p r e s s u r e ; there is no variation in steam p r e s s u r e , paralleling a change in the outdoor temperature, unless the building operator changes i t . The radiators have manual valves and. overheating is common in mild weather. The package air conditioners are generally i n poor condition and cannot be relied on for proper s e r v i c e . I t is anticipated that a general rehabilitation of the building would r e s u l t in a consistent and unified system for the building; i n that event there would be no application for those u n i t s . The 1976/77 program included pneumatic-type controls for operation of valves and dampers of the new air handling u n i t s . A new temperature control air compressor with refrigerated d r y e r and control panel for air handling unit was provided. FINDINGS: T h e chilled water plant and the nine ( 9 ) air handling u n i t s , judging from outside appearances, could be utilzed in a future system, provided a future building arrangement would lend itself to the utilization of units with the given capacities. I t is also unknown at this time whether the present duct arrangement and location of air terminals would suit the future service. Unit heaters are generally operated by electric thermostats. Most of these controls are not functioning. CONCL US I ONS : T h e basic elements of the existing control systems, such as the automatic valves and dampers may possibly be utilized, provided they are functional. I t is however, probable that the control systems will be greatly modified and expanded in order to serve a future up-to-date system. Under any conditions, it would be advisable to service and test each equipment to determine their capacity. Note that H V A C systems in the replacement station will be investigated under subsequent t a s k s in this s t u d y . The package u n i t s , as indicated h e r e i n , would have no place i n a f u t u r e , permanent system. 67 �TABLE 1 A I R HANDLING U N I T S Capacity CFM* Tons* Model No. Symbol Serving Location Fan HP* Trane AHU-•1 Theater #127 Mech. Rm. #225 5,400 19 15 M-12 AHU-•2 Theater #128 Mech. Rm. #225 5,400 19 15 M-12 AHU-•3 Projection Booth #127A Mech. Rm. #225 2,400 6 5 M-6 AHU-•4 East Hall #137A Mech. Rm. #225 13,000 42 30 M-31 AHU-•5 West Hall #120A Mech. Rm. #M104 37,400 108 40 M-13 AHU-•6 P . A . V . E . #125M Mech. Rm. #B51A 8,800 28 15 M-17 AHU-•7 Main Hall #125A Mech. Rm. #B51A 22,000 55 20 L-41 AHU-•8 Projecton Room #B43B Mech. Rm. #B51A 16,500 61 15 L-35 AHU-•9 Fast Food Kitchen #101 Mech. Rm. #B11K 10,300 36 15 M-21 *Capacity and fan HP is listed as shown on design drawings, confirmation of data will be r e q u i r e d . 68 �INVESTIGATIVE R E P O R T Plumbing SUMMARY UTILITIES Sanitary and Storm Sewers Domestic Water RAINWATER SYSTEM SANITARY PIPING SYSTEM DOMESTIC WATER S Y S T E M Piping System Hot Water Generators Water Storage T a n k s FIRE PROTECTION Siamese Connections Wet Standpipes S p r i n k l e r System Fire Extinguishers PLUMBING F I X T U R E S 69 �70 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Plumbing SUMMARY: T h e plumbing systems i n ! Union Station generally are still the original pipes, fittings, f i x t u r e s and equipment installed as part of the Burnham design. Some work has been done over the y e a r s , but the system i s substantially unchanged. A visual survey determined that these old system components, with the possible exception of the sanitary main at the Basement ceiling and below the floor, and a sump pump i n the Basement tunnel, can no longer be considered i n serviceable condition due to deterioration of the piping systems, non-conformity to c u r r e n t codes and the condition and location of most plumbing f i x t u r e s . Replacement of these systems is recommended. Work has been done on the following services and equipment within the last ten ( 1 0 ) y e a r s : o o new 14" diameter combination ductile iron lateral and 20" diameter extension to the public sewer system domestic hot water generators The following people contacted made information available to u s : o o o and! Mr. C a l v i n Thomas, EPM Mr. Clifton Collins, EPM Mr. Ken Kulick, Washington Terminal Company F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : T h e areas which require f u r t h e r investigation are explained i n detail under each section of the t e x t . I n general, the following activities are planned: o o o o o checking the internal condition of sanitary main at Basement ceiling and below Basement floor inspection of internal condition of water service pipe and main water feeder at Basement ceiling capacity and internal condition of domestic hot water generators ( 2 ) checking the function and condition of the sump pump i n the Basement tunnel testing samples of the rainwater conductors to determine their condition. METHODOLOGY: The investigative s u r v e y consisted of collecting existing documents on the building, comparing these to existing conditions and evaluating conditions of existing systems and equipment. The following were u s e d : o o o o o sources of documents DC DOT the Office of D C Environmental Planning and Management ( E P M ) WMATA Plumbing Code, Washington, D C blueprint storage i n Union Station Building 71 �Utilities Sanitary and Storm Sewers Domestic Water DESCRIPTION: T h e original house sewers shown on the 1903 drawings consisted of two 8" combination ( s a n i t a r y and storm) lines r u n n i n g i n a westerly direction from the Basement to the West Arcade ( C a r r i a g e Porch) and then i n a southerly direction to a 12" public sewer line r u n n i n g i n an easterly direction parallel to the south exterior wall of the Union Station Building. Another 8" house sewer draining the east portion of the building, r u n n i n g i n an easterly d i r e c tion to public sewers east of the building, was also shown. D E S C R I P T I O N : Domestic water service is provided to the Union Station Building from the water system of the Washington Terminal Co. ( W T C ) . According to records at EPM, an 8" water service is extended from a 12" public water main at K Street to the property of W T C . Water meters are installed i n a meter pit on F i r s t Street. The updated conditions shown on drawings of the Environmental Planning and Management (EPM Drawing Nos. A - 3 - N E and A - 4 - N E ) are at variance with the Burnham drawings. The updated data show an 8" sewer draining the building to the system i n F i r s t Street. T h i s l i n e , i n t u r n , was abandoned and replaced i n 1975/1976 when the WMATA system was constructed. Records of the relocation i n connection with the WMATA construction have been received. Drawings No. B 3 6 - U - 8 , B36-U-9 and B36-U-60 show a single 14" line leaving the southwest corner of the building to a connection with a 16" combination sewer at a manhole, whence a 20" pipe crosses the WMATA lines to a connection with a 36" sewer under F i r s t Street. Another 14" storm line at the north wall of the Concourse is r u n n i n g i n a westerly direction to sewers i n F i r s t Street. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: The location and size of the connection to the public sewers will be confirmed and the condition of the piping will be determined. 72 From the WTC water mains, water enters the Union Station Basement where it is submetered. A 4" water main r u n s to a 4" meter in the southwest p a r t of the Basement and to a 1 " water meter that serves the former fast-food r e s t a u r a n t located on the Concourse l e v e l . Parallel with the 4" water, a 6" fire main was installed in 1971/72 that connects to existing fire protection piping i n the Basement. A second water service in the east part of the Basement is metered by another 4" meter. Water p r e s s u r e available at fire h y d r a n t s near the Union Station is 40-50 psig under no flow ( s t a t i c ) conditions. We have requested the EPM to test the water p r e s s u r e under rated flows to determine the residual p r e s s u r e . FINDINGS: T h e water service piping apparently is functional. T h e pipe insulation is damaged and has been replaced with improvised materials i n several places. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : Ascertain the internal condition of this piping. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Plumbing Rainwater System DESCRIPTION: I n the past y e a r the existing roofs over the Main Hall, the East Hall, the roof area between the two tank rooms, the long, narrow, low roof at the south side of the Concourse b a r r e l roof and smaller adjacent areas were replaced with new roofing. At the same time the existing roof d r a i n s , and the connecting horizontal piping from the roof drain to the existing v e r t i c a l rainwater conductors (downs p o u t s ) , were also renewed. Under Phase I I of the roofing program the remainder of the roofs, except the glass roof of the West Hall, the roof drains and pipe connections are planned for replacement. I n view of the poor condition of the existing roofing, roof drains and the connecting v e r t i c a l piping at the roof d r a i n s , this work is absolutely essential and for the p u r poses of this r e p o r t , it is assumed that this work will be authorized and carried out i n the v e r y near f u t u r e . F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : I n order to substantiate the existence of corrosion, pipe samples will be taken at representative locations and examined to determine the system's condition. The present system also violates c u r r e n t code requirements i n that it i s combined with the sanitary piping system within the building. The existing roof drains generally are 16" x 16" x 3 " deep depressed sections with 3 " pipe connections. Some of these are equipped with makeshift wire cage s c r e e n s . T h e existing rainwater piping is galvanized steel, generally insulated to control sweating. The visible sections of uninsulated piping showed some evidence of outside corrosion. Small sections of rainwater piping in the Concourse Basement are plastic pipe t h a t ' replaced the old corroded pipe. FINDINGS: I t is anticipated that the original galvanized steel pipe may have considerable internal corrosion as well as external damage and may not be acceptable for further long term service. 73 �Sanitary Piping System Domestic Water System DESCRIPTION: T h e sanitary piping system appears to be the original piping and is generally cast iron pipe with bell and spigot connections, except for small piping which i s generally galvanized steel. Stacks from the upper story plumbing f i x t u r e s are concealed i n the building construction and are connected to an overhead sanitary main at the ceiling of the Basement. Sanitary piping from the f i x t u r e s i n the Basement are connected to a sanitary main under the Basement floors. Both of these pipes work by gravity (without pumping) to the public s e w e r s . DESCRIPTION: T h e domestic water system may be divided into the following major p a r t s : One duplex type sump pump was noted at the tunnel i n the Concourse that collects waste from floor drains i n area of the t u n n e l . T h i s unit apparently is functioning. FINDINGS: T h e sanitary piping may be presumed to be i n a condition unacceptable for f u r t h e r long term service. T h e existing piping system violates c u r r e n t code requirements i n regard to separation from the rainwater conductor, venting and proper piping practices. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : To s u b stantiate that the sanitary piping is unacceptable, the taking of r e p r e s e n tative samples may be considered. The sump pump will require closer examination and performance t e s t i n g . o o o Piping System Hot Water Generators Storage T a n k s Piping System D E S C R I P T I O N : T h e water distribution piping system extends from the water meter to all plumbing f i x t u r e s , to the hot water generators, and to water storage t a n k s . From the hot water generators, hot water piping is c a r r i e d to the f i x t u r e s . T h e pipe material of the cold water system varies. The large piping generally is steel or galvanized steel, while the smaller pipes are either galvanized steel or copper, with the copper pipes being a replacement of the original galvanized steel piping. Because of pipe insulation, the exterior condition of the piping was inspected only at uncovered sections; some corrosion was noted. T h e r e are no domestic water pumps i n Union Station. A l l f i x t u r e s and equipment are served by street p r e s s u r e . The domestic hot water piping is composed of several materials, similar to the cold water system. I n large areas of the building the hot water is either shut off or non-functional. Piping for recirculation of hot water to the water heater is not apparent. The domestic water piping system was not indicated on the original Burnham plumbing drawings; apparently this work was left to the prerogatives of the contractor. 74 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Plumbing Hot Water Generators Water Storage T a n k s DESCRIPTION: T h e water generators of the original water heating system were phased out during the 1976/77 building program and replaced by storage type hot water generators. T h e bidding documents indicate two package type storage u n i t s , each of 338 gal. storage capacity, with a recovery of 100 gallons of water per hour from 40° F . to 140° F . One of these units is designed for steam water heating and the other unit for electric heat. T h e intent behind this dual system is to use the steam heated unit during the heating season and utilize the electrically heated unit i n the summer (utilizing the steam generator for storage) when the steam service might be shut off. T h e steam unit is fitted with a small circulating pump for internal circulation of the t a n k . T h i s pump is a small 1/6 HP in-line unit at the hot water generator. These units are located i n the east p a r t of the Basement, are relatively new, appear to be i n good condition, but should be tested and the interior of both units checked for soundness of the l i n i n g . DESCRIPTION: On the F o u r t h Floor south center area of the building, there are several 5,000 gallon, 8'-0" diameter x 9 ' - 0 " h i g h , vertical water storage t a n k s . The east tank room contains two such open tanks and the west tank room, three t a n k s . The tanks are shown on the 1903 Burnham drawings; however, no pumps to serve them are indicated. I t may be reasoned that the tanks were filled from the public water system, and were r e g u lated by a float v a l v e . T h e y may have served as a r e s e r v e in the event the water p r e s s u r e would be low. The outlet pipe, a galvanized steel pipe, is connected to the fire protection s t a n d pipe system. T h e actually installed units a r e : o Hot Water Generator #1 (steam) Richmond Engineering, nominal 36" diameter x 84" long, 122,868 B t u / h r heating capacity. o Hot Water Generator #2 ( e l e c t r i c ) Richmond Engineering, 36" diameter x 84" long, 36 KW heating capacity for 480 v o l t s , 3 phase service. These tanks have no useful purpose in an up-to-date system. I t was noted on Phase I of the roof repair plans prepared by W K R I n c . that removal of the tanks was contemplated, but not carried out y e t . Two 6'-0" x 14'-0" long horizontal storage tanks are located in a Fourth Floor room of the extreme West Wing next to a room that was used for a gymnasium. T h e room is at a higher elevation than the previous two tank rooms, therefore water p r e s s u r e from the units would be somewhat higher. T h e outlet pipe from the tanks r u n s to a shaft and disappears from view. These t a n k s were not indicated on the 1903 design drawings; they looked sound on the exterior except for some rust. As with the other t a n k s , we expect no useful service from these units in the future plumbing system. 75 �Fire Protection System F I N D I N G S : T h e domestic water piping system, because of its age, may be presumed unacceptable for further s e r v i c e , and probably not suitable for future arrangements of building facilities. T h e hot water generators appear to be in good condition judging from outward appearances. The water storage t a n k s may be removed, as there are no applications for them i n the system. I t is s u g gested that the two newer tanks on the F o u r t h Floor be examined to a s c e r tain their condition for their possible reuse i n a future H V A C system. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : I t will be advisable, however, to engage a contractor to examine the hot water generator units internally and c a r r y out a capacity and p r e s s u r e test to ascertain the condition of the units with c e r t a i n t y . I t is possible that future utilization of the building may require larger water heating facilities. Siamese Connections DESCRIPTION: Siamese connections for F i r e Department use were noted at the outside of the building near its southwest corner and also at the southeast corner. These s t r u c t u r e s emerge from the sidewalk near the exterior walls and are marked as being inoperative on the equipment. I n all probability they were installed much later than the date of the building construction. FINDINGS: T h e Siamese connections should be tied i n with the building standpipe systems. Wet Standpipes DESCRIPTION: Wet standpipes of black steel, equipped with 2-1/2" valves having a 1-1/2" threaded outlet for hoses are provided i n certain locations. Two such standpipes were noted on the upper levels of the east part of the building and one i n the southwest office a r e a s . T h e standpipes in the east wing are tied into a 4" galvanized steel line r u n n i n g from the storage tanks on the 4th l e v e l . T h i s pipe i s corroded and has been repaired with pipe saddles at several locations. I t is presumed that the standpipes are connected to the fire line i n the Basement. S p r i n k l e r System T h e r e are no s p r i n k l e r s anywhere i n the building. Fire Extinguishers DESCRIPTION: extinguishers 76 Two were types noted: of fire 2-1/2 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Plumbing gallon water, and chemical type e x tinguishers s e r v i n g Mechanical Rooms. A number of the former are stored and some were placed around the floors. FINDINGS: The Siamese connections may be presumed to meet the r e q u i r e ments of the F i r e Department as to the threads for connections to pumpers. Confirmation with F i r e Department is intended regarding compliance and condition. The standpipe system is w o r n , a n t i quated, and does not conform to c u r r e n t codes nor will it withstand the pressure of a pumped system. Its removal and replacement with an up to date system is a foregone conclusion. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : A review of the building plans with respect to codes is required to determine the required number and location of fire extinguishers and p r e s s u r e requirement to determine if a fire pump and jockey pump are r e q u i r e d . Plumbing Fixtures D E S C R I P T I O N : Plumbing f i x t u r e types v a r y from the original models installed during the time of construction tonewer types provided during modifications in later y e a r s . The condition of the f i x t u r e s and their trim v a r y according to their age, or in accordance to the abuse to which they were exposed. Following is a breakdown tures and their t y p e s : of the fix- Reusable (Approx.) Public Water Closets Private Water Closets Public Lavatories Private Lavatories Urinals ( f l u s h v a l v e ) Showers D r i n k i n g fountains Electric water coolers Service s i n k s Pot s i n k s , stainless steel 100 16 77 34 50 12 6 3 13 30 10 15 17 0 0 2 2 6 2 2 I n addition, there are a number abandoned f i x t u r e s in the Basement. of Water closets in main floor public toilets are back outlet with flush valves. Public toilets on upper floors are floor outlet with flush v a l v e s . Private toilets are floor outlet tank type. The number of reusable f i x t u r e s is stated approximately, making allowance to general conditions, discoloration, c r a c k s and age. Additional allowance should be made for breakage in the event the reusable f i x t u r e s are to be reused at another location. 77 �FINDINGS: It i s anticipated that functionally, only those f i x t u r e s which might remain i n place may be suitable for continued s e r v i c e , subject to the architectural treatment of these spaces. T h e removed units probably will be junked or sold to t r a d e s . T h e cost of removal, cleaning and repiping of these existing reusable f i x t u r e s might make it more economical to install new f i x t u r e s . 78 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical SUMMARY INCOMING S E R V I C E ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATIONS SECONDARY D I S T R I B U T I O N VAULT EB-S1 EB-1 EB-2 EB-2A EB-3 EB-4 EB-5 EB-6 EB-7-17 EB-8 EB-9 EB-10 EB-18 79 �80 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical SUMMARY: ( T h e reader is advised to make use of the one line drawings and vault details when reading the summary.) T h e Union Station Building is presently fed by a dual 13.2 k V underground s e r v i c e . From one of the s e r v i c e s , a 15 k V feeder serves a 1500 k V A substation which transforms the voltage from 13.2 k V to 2.4 k V at which point i t i s distributed to various transformer v a u l t s located throughout the Basement level of the Historic B u i l d i n g . T h e remaining 15 k V feeders serve a 750 k V A substation for mechanical equipment and a 1000 k V A substation s e r v i n g the uncompleted P a r k i n g Garage. Secondary d i s t r i b ution i n the Historic Building originates from twelve transformer v a u l t s with distribution panelboards located on the outside of each v a u l t . A t this point feeders are extended throughout the Historic Building to various power and lighting panelboards. T h e investigative s u r v e y was limited to v i s u a l inspection of 13,200 V and 2400 V equipment. Secondary distribution power, lighting panels and b r a n c h c i r c u i t i n g are not part of this report based on directive from F R A as a r e s u l t of age, condition and methods of installation of equipment. We recommend that all 2400 V and secondary equipment be removed and new distribution system be used based on the F R A plans for reuses of historic building. available from any of the above mentioned agencies. F u r t h e r investigation reveals that the National P a r k Service Main Office located in Denver, Colorado, has located some existing electrical documents and they have agreed to forward whatever documents are available. T h e remaining i n v e s t i gative report is based on v i s u a l observation of equipment and conditions as detailed under other sections of this report. METHODOLOGY: The investigative s u r v e y consisted of reviewing existing documents provided by D C D O T , Washington Terminal Co. , and the National P a r k S e r v i c e . As of this date, no electrical documents are 81 �Incoming Service DESCRIPTION: The Union Station Building is presently fed by a dual 13.2 k V underground service from the Potomac E l e c t r i c Power Company. T h i s service consists of two 15 k V utility lines ( P E P C O feeders No. 14056 and No. 14099), each feeding a single 15 k V c i r c u i t b r e a k e r . T h e two breakers are tied by a 15 k V n . o . (normally open) tie b r e a k e r . Although presently in the closed position, the tie is designed to close automatically should a power loss occur on either service feeder; thereby, a s s u r i n g that both circuit b r e a k e r s are fed at all times. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : T h e fact that this tie is closed w a r r a n t s f u r t h e r investigation of P E P C O ' s service and the Historic Building's main switchgear to determine the reason for the (closed) position of the tie b r e a k e r . I n v e s t i gation should also be undertaken to determine available capacity from the power company for reuse of Historic Building. Electrical Distribution DESCRIPTION: From the two power company services, 15 k V feeders extend to two unfused line disconnect switches. These are located in the same lineup as the c i r c u i t breakers and power company metering. One breaker serves a 750 k V A s u b station located in the Basement Mechanical Room of the Historic B u i l d i n g . T h i s 750 k V A transformer and d i s t r i b u tion system s e r v e s new air conditioning equipment for the Historic B u i l d i n g . T h e r e also appears to be a 15 k V feeder, tapped ahead of this s w i t c h , which serves a 1500 k V A substation located in the Main Electrical Service Room. T h i s 1500 k V A transformer and distribution system serves individual transformer vaults throughout the Basement of the Historic B u i l d i n g . The other breaker s e r v e s a 1000 k V A substation located outside the Washington Terminal Replacement Station. T h i s transformer and d i s t r i bution system serves the unfinished p a r k i n g facility above. FURTHER INVESTIGATION: It is necessary to determine exactly where all splices of high voltage cables occur, accuracy of single line diagram and correct ratings of all b r e a k e r s , switches and fuses on the main s w i t c h gear for the possible reuse of equipment. 82 �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Substations Secondary Distribution 750 k V A SUBSTATION: The substation consists of a 15 k V high voltage fused s w i t c h , a 750 k V A dry-type transformer ( r a t e d 13.2 k V primary 480 V s e c o n d a r y ) , and a motor control center for new air conditioning equipment. DESCRIPTION: Secondary power distribution in the Historic Building originates from twelve transformer vaults i n the Basement of the historic structure. Available voltages include 208 V , 220 V , 240 V and 480 V . T h e thirty-four transformers in these vaults supply single-phase and threephase open bus power panels adjacent to the vaults which then feed to electrical closets containing open bus fused knife-switch panelboards. 1000 k V A S U B S T A T I O N : The substation consists of a 15 k V high voltage fused s w i t c h , a 1000 k V A - 1333 k V A d r y - t y p e transformer ( r a t e d 13.2 k V primary - 480/277 V secondary) and a secondary distribution switchboard for garage power and lighting. 1500 k V A S U B S T A T I O N : The substation consists of a 15 k V high voltage fused s w i t c h , a 1500 k V A d r y - t y p e transformer (rated 13.2 k V primary 2400 V secondary) and two 5 k V high voltage fused switches. 83 �Vault E B - S 1 LOCATION: ment Plan Refer to Electrical Base- D E S C R I P T I O N : Construction of D i s t r i bution Room consists of concrete w a l l s , floor and ceiling (w/exposed fireproofed steel beams) and a steel fire rated door. Electrical equipment i s as described under incoming service section. FINDINGS Initial observations reveal clean and neat environment, adequate clearances, and evidence of maintenance and housekeeping c a r e . I t was observed, though, that the incoming service feeders are not encased and there i s some sign of water seepage on the south wall. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend full testing of the main switchgear and nearby substation. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - S 1 85 �Vault E B - 1 LOCATION: ment Plan. Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of vault consists of two 8" b r i c k w a l l s , two concrete foundation w a l l s , tile a r c h ceiling, and concrete floor with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment in vault consists of two ( 2 ) 75 k V A , 10, 60 H z . , 2400-240V P C B oil filled transformers and a single 25 k V A 10 60 H z . , 2400-240V d r y - t y p e transformer, each protected by fused cutout switches and two open knife switches. D u r i n g the initial investigation, it was noted that both oil filled transformers are leaking oil. FINDINGS Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t in vault as a r e s u l t of deteriorating cable insulation, presence of existing toxic chemical caused by leaking transformer, generally poor housekeeping and less then adequate transformer capacity for future loads. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment in the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 1 87 �Vault E B - 2 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of vault consists of two 8" b r i c k w a l l s , two concrete foundation walls, tile arch ceiling and concrete floor with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment in vault consists of one 75 k V A 10 60 Hz. ( a p p r o x . ) 2400-240 P C B oil filled transformer protected by wall mounted fused cutout s w i t c h , one 2400 V selector s w i t c h , three non-load break hook stick operated disconnect switches, two 2400 V fused switches and one 2400 V fused b y - p a s s s w i t c h . D u r i n g the investigation it was noted that the transformer is leaking oil and several pieces of equipment were missing covers. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t in vault as a r e s u l t of presence of toxic chemical caused by leaking transformers, deteriorating insulation of cable, generally poor housekeeping and less than adequate transformer capacity for future loads. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment in the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . L �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 2 89 �Vault E B - 2 A LOCATION: Refer to Electrical B a s e ment Plan Drawing No. E . DESCRIPTION: Construction of the vault consists of four 8" b r i c k walls, concrete ceiling and floor with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment in vault consists of three 150 k V A 10 60 Hz. 2400-240/ 120 V 10 P C B oil filled transformers each protected by individual fused cutout switches, one 75 k V A 480-208/ 120 30 d r y - t y p e transformer, one 5 k V fused s w i t c h , miscellaneous secondary panelboards and fused switches. During the investigation it was noted that there was a great deal of open high voltage bus w o r k , overcrowded wire troughs and clearance problems with several pieces of equipment. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions exist i n vault as a r e s u l t of presence of toxic chemical caused by leaking transformer, open high voltage bus w o r k , lack of clearance between equipment and open cables not installed in raceways. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical 91 �Vault E B - 3 LOCATION: ment Plan. Refer to Electrical Base- DESCRIPTION: Construction of vault consists of two 8" b r i c k w a l l s , two concrete foundation w a l l s , concrete floor and a concrete ceiling with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment i n v a u l t consists of three (3) 75 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-220/110 V 10 P C B oil filled t r a n s formers and one non-load break hook stick operated disconnect s w i t c h . I t was noted d u r i n g investigations that insulation on cable has deteriorated caused by excessive heat and age of cable. Also, transformers have slight oil leakage. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t i n v a u l t as a r e s u l t of the presence of toxic chemical caused by leaking t r a n s formers, deteriorating insulation of cables, generally poor housekeeping and less then adequate transformer capacity. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : " We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical 93 �Vault E B - 4 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical Base"- DESCRIPTION: Construction of vault consists of two 8" b r i c k w a l l s , two concrete foundation walls, concrete floor and a tile a r c h ceiling with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment i n v a u l t consists of one 75 k V A 10 60 Hz. (approx.) 2400-240/ 120 V 10 P C B oil filled transformer, one 2400 V selector switch, three non-load break hook stick operated disconnect switches, four 2400 V fused switches and one 2400 V fused b y - p a s s s w i t c h . D u r i n g the investigation it was noted that the transformer is leaking oil and several pieces of equipment were missing covers. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t i n vault as a r e s u l t of presence of existing toxic chemical, deteriorating insulation of cable, leaking oil from transformer, missing cover plates from various pieces of equipment and less than adequate transformer capacity for future loads. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical 95 �Vault E B - 5 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of vault consists of four 8" b r i c k w a l l s , concrete floor and tile a r c h ceiling with steel fire rated doors. Electrical equipment in vault consists of two 75 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240/ 120 V 10 P C B oil filled transformers, two 25 k V A 10 60 Hz. 2400 V - 240/ 120 V 10 P C B oil filled transformers each protected by fused cutout switches, three fused non-load break hook stick operated disconnect switches, one fused b y - p a s s switch and two 2400 V selector switches. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t in vault as a r e s u l t of the presence of toxic chemical caused by leaking t r a n s formers, severe water damage, deteriorating cable insulation, generally poor housekeeping and less then adequate transformer capacity for future loads. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment in the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 5 97 �Vault E B - 6 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - D E S C R I P T I O N : No. 6 consists of some remains of existing 8" b r i c k w a l l s , one concrete foundation w a l l , and floor a temporary 4" s t u d partition wall and no complete enclosure at the ceiling. Electrical equipment i n v a u l t No. 6 contains a 167 kVA 10 60 Hz. 2400 V-120 V 10 P C B oil filled t r a n s former, a 75 k V A 10 60 Hz. 2400 V-208/ 120 V d r y - t y p e transformer, a 2400 V selector s w i t c h , one 2400 V b y - p a s s s w i t c h , three 2400 V fused switches, one H . V . contactor, 10 fused cutouts, 3 (gang operated) fused oil switches and miscellaneous low voltage fused disconnect switches. FINDINGS: The investigation has revealed that a presently broken underground water pipe has allowed water to continually flow over much of the equipment and cable, collecting on the floor of the v a u l t . Some deterioration has occurred to a high voltage cable trough and the extrior foundation wall. Recent shoring of the s t r u c t u r e above has caused demolition of some of the b r i c k w a l l s , hence, the stud partition. Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t i n the area of Vault No. 6 due to water collection, d e b r i s , deteriorating equipment and i n s u l a tions, inadequate clearances and incomplete enclosure of v a u l t . C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. 98 FURTHER INVESTIGATION: It is recommended that the broken water pipe be f u r t h e r investigated and that immediate attention be given to the problem. �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 6 99 �Vault E B - 7 - 1 7 LOCATION: This enclosure is a temporary relocation of two previous vaults. Refer to Electrical Basement Plan. DESCRIPTION: Construction of v a u l t No. 7-17 consists of a 4" stud wall enclosure on three sides with a level change and metal railing on the fourth side. No roof enclosure e x i s t s for this vault. Electrical equipment i n V a u l t No. 7-17 contains three (2400 V-120/240 V ) d r y - t y p e transformers (two at 75 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240V and one at approximately 112.5 k V A 10 60 H z . ) , three high voltage fused switches and miscellaneous secondary disconnect switches and panelboards. F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t due to exposed cables and temporary enclosure. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend no further investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 7 - 1 7 101 �Vault E B - 8 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of Vault No. 8 consists of four 9 " b r i c k walls with concrete roof and a steel fire rated door. Electrical equipment i n Vault No. 8 contains three 100 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240/ 120 V P C B oil filled t r a n s formers, one 25 k V A 10 60 Hz. 2400-240/120 V 10 d r y - t y p e transformer, a 2400 V selector s w i t c h , three non-load break hook s t i c k operated disconnect switches, one 2400 V fused b y - p a s s s w i t c h , three 2400 V fused switches, one gang-operated fused oil switch and three individual oil fused cutout switches (wall mounted). Secondary disconnect switches are located on outside of v a u l t . F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t i n v a u l t due to overcrowding of equipment, deteriorated insulation, corrosion of s w i t c h gear enclosures and transformer case, leaking transformer oil and exposed live p a r t s . I t is noted that water drips from roof onto H . V . equipment. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend that no f u r t h e r investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 8 103 �Vault E B - 9 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical Base- DESCRIPTION: Construction of V a u l t No. 9 consists of four 8-1/2" b r i c k walls and concrete floor with concrete roof and a steel fire rated door. Electrical equipment i n Vault No. 9 contains three 100 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240/ 120 V 10 oil filled t r a n s formers, a 2400 V selector s w i t c h , a 2400 V b y - p a s s s w i t c h , three non-load break hook stick operated disconnect switches, one gang operated fused oil switch, three individual oil fused cutout switches and miscellaneous metering equipment. Secondary disconnect switches are mounted on outside wall of v a u l t . FINDINGS: Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions e x i s t i n the vault due to exposed cables with deteriorating insulation and corroded equipment enclosures from past water leakage. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment in the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend that no f u r t h e r investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 9 105 �Vault E B - 1 0 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of Vault No. 10 consists of four 8-1/2" b r i c k walls, concrete ceiling and floor and a steel fire rated door. Electrical equipment i n V a u l t No. 10 contains three 250 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240V P C B oil filled transformers, 2400 V fused switch and exhaust f a n . F I N D I N G S : Initial observations reveal hazardous conditions due to presence of toxic chemical and corroded equipment enclosures due to past water leakage. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment in the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend that no f u r t h e r investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 1 0 107 �Vault E B - 1 8 LOCATION: ment P l a n . Refer to Electrical B a s e - DESCRIPTION: Construction of Vault No. 18 consists of three 8" b r i c k walls and one heavy b r i c k foundation and tunnel wall with concrete roof. Electrical equipment i n Vault No. 18 contains three 167 k V A 10 60 H z . 2400-240/ 120 V 10 oil filled t r a n s formers, three gang operated oil fused cutout switches and miscellaneous secondary disconnect switches and meters. F I N D I N G S : Hazardous conditions e x i s t due to exposed cables and overcrowded trough. C O N C L U S I O N : Due to age, condition, method of installation, limited capacity and generally hazardous conditions of equipment i n the v a u l t s , reuse of equipment should not be considered. F U R T H E R I N V E S T I G A T I O N : We recommend that no f u r t h e r investigation be considered for this v a u l t . �INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Electrical Vault E B - 1 8 109 �110 ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engineering survey of Union Station : Appendix A : investigative report Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Engineering--Surveys Description An account of the resource Prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. In addition to a <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6046" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Engineering survey of Union Station : Summary">summary</a>, the <em>Engineering survey of Union Station&nbsp;</em>also contains <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6101" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Appendix B : structural and cost calculations">Appendix B : structural and cost calculations</a>. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ewing, Cole, Cherry, & Parsky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 16, 1982 Revised August 12, 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Department of Transportation United States. Federal Railroad Administration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/072b72c28865cc760e99cd2a49f0ed4b.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=t5Sh9R7BFAhEuZbX9yW5dG3O%7ESEPOHJ9OkxzkKptFAPcY%7EkPDg2q-3Gjdw8SVBhNe5SLBGwo-nOBjlIXaPf4ebnXJ8zZU7bnRwjY3iZa%7EWmxzfa4pUTaHHABvdGygBfF9yiWlofdSjEvRvqg51-uuA1LQ1Z2xPUtk56jKy4E3M6dZhj8NELUSd9plSoi7ThCI43xZSlqcVN0ttVSO806wISD2iALSikloRxjXe1uDwTkGI7QdjESarzKC86rsRs75B7fdKnD5q9cyQIixgcXLF%7E8XUW3cxhrnfUSXiJIMSU%7EN1ZYlcT2a6BZ0IFGtoPdYdT9RjznKYk0t6k5hzCjGQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4abee5cb966f5c390ef98a1403686661 PDF Text Text ENGINEERING SURVEY APPENDIX B STRUCTURAL AND COST CALCULATIONS OF UNION STAT¡ON WASHINGTOil ùC. For The Federal Hailroad Administration Department Ol TransPortation ETITING COIIE CHERRIY PåNsKT ARCHITECTS ENGiNEERS PIA'NNERS ( -'< 7 i i t- l- ' Ul.{ : 3si S:q'lä(clg " �*.. .- i =r :t - _t _l =l =*; �APPENDIX B ENGINEERING SURVEY STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS AND COST ESTIMATE CALCULAT]ONS UNTON STATION WASHTNGTON, D.C. FEDERAL RAILROAD ÀDMINISTRAT]ON U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONTRACT NO. DTFRs3-82-C--00265 AUGUST L2, L982 EWiNG COLE CHERRY PARSKY FEDERÀL RESERVE BANK BUILDiNG lOO N. 6TH STREET PHILADELPHTA, PENNSYLVANI.A 19106 #w%' tio* ��I t- ENGINEERING SURVEY Structural rì ll f- Ii I I l { L t t f, L L, L t Galculations ��STRUCTURAL CALCULATION INDEX PAGE CONCOURSE ROOF FRAMING 1-11 WAITING ROOM ROOF TRUSSES T2.L8 TRUSS OVER GYMNASIUM 1_9-23 GIRDER AT GYMNASIUM 24-29 FiRST FLOOR FRAMING - EAST 30-32 FIRST FLOOR FRAMING - WEST 33-36 SECOND FLOOR FRAMING . EAST 37-39 SECOND FLOOR FRAMING - WEST 40-41. 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BY DRAMNGNO q/,2 a ¿ �l,np $_Çg!ft!--,{ ã,, , t8 x +t.1, 3 73' I ao/o ' Tat 6t+ea (,/ zz,4 "\ / ZZ 4/O a1 L ( &ro,n C,we¿lo*ot /4 /lf 4/,(- (oot.T , ^ t c /4+ /3,( r 41,{t s?o,6s< 4o J /¿\ 'þ: ztu/o (24,07 / c ,ø\ az6z,f ( 2z.sB / +o¿fo'' L /3,(r 2 /4,,1' " 4/.,r' ¿ fig/.eÞ /4.1- /,f,1 2 /{, ost{, t o/"'. ¿ 2 3L4o /o I , 4/.(a çzz*fo* 4oÚfo', *H,l- o ? 6z2,10 * fuuþ'- (, u, , o') znTooa (roft) 24î^' (no7r) /tø ,# la,a,7nt ¿ ./ ¿l a' 4ot/d'- /z+ó ( t z.+,r 1 - 3//, ?,f âanzn, 6,¡azo /a 't) z " */,!' f ,€æzrlon/s - l¿rr'Ê,ç.*, Toe 6tYVûo, 22.4a , + * * Equ% Bô7T6Tat 6ttl¿ o ' 4?,3s 3 þ 4.a7 t- //,& 3 8,6o r 3¿.7 3 23,24 Þ 2410 f %,/l r / Z,4l + /tf,f 4 f /8,oí /4+,2 /2,*,r ll rc fTnY /Zmørþ,/, ry4221+ / / 1,,44n 3 /4.rc-f PRaJEcl L PROJECTNO DRAWINGTITLE . êz etz- //N/ /7b/ru REV DATE /'4 A,f J € J -_- DRAVÚINGNO SCALE E$NNG COI.E CHENNY PåNS3Y ÀNCHITECTS ENGTNEENS PI.AI¡NENS DwG D^rE DWN BY Ç;l¿ + �, I i f l,&r¿-fu rtails /\¡tdl (rc* t¿¿t{-+ /*..f ,,¿4t) r 2 = /.îê'* ( rc- /4+ /l,J-,/4,1t /õ). I 44 +/f: á+24) A"n J8!44o z. ,/fr'- 4/.fo 4l¿': d"'- zgTo?o b?.74& oa 6z')4î¿ l a, L 3/3 I 7þ ( :, s,7o') v.l (sø.,4 ,71. t PROJECT DRAWTNGlnLE oñ ôrJ PROJECTNO.. A2ô/z L REV DATE 2,se ryq.¡G coLE CHERRTY PåRSI|Y Ànc¡nrEcrs ENc¡NEEns pLå,NñEi¡ DWG. SCALE D\A/NI, BY DRAWINGNO t/Ê �Rnea, J &æa¿zt€s 2 4¡ræ f* /e¡læ. O¡ €¿*tJtff t: 4/2oss,, '+2äa F l,,bze N* Êo,srw 2k-â+,2 /4.74 /,4't2.4 Lao tÊ-t+^g ê,71 t Ê/4r { ø,7r 2,3t'o Þ.21 ê'fa 7 Zfo (a /.2{o /. ?.fo 41,44 7, /,JO u . '1.Í' ,qæ E "/ nd Æ¿æ //.61 ta é. L "4 27.47 s?.¿ t o. N 7,og a3/25 \ \. 2.a+ --, N ri 34.1+ 1l',¿( f\ $ %" ri (o.tzz,t 2,266 l I e y'/,¡¡ne-¡l ilrr ,4{¿* d å //,6/ â,4V a, /2,.$ a.2( 4,48 F¿artr*r Z/s-é*4* /-/Q- /-þ- r Of ^T'Jeàt'l'ç /*tf /-Æ- /4+ 7. J'o ç 7,fo ¿ v /ôl.fz /0 8, oq 3 2'o.o1 c. e( 2s.t3 z,8l: 2.46 6,o( 4t,ß 2,gl /,8 l3g,t{+ S. DRAWINGTTTLE 2,??' 7,31. I g' 4-ô fr é20,2( L/rVt ê 2,od r7b4 73C, t PROJECl" \- f ,ú, /a 4î /tZ. lO c = 3l o,{ Særta¿ A, q%ð 7,+(_ 2.7?¿ +,4goo ?.7" 'o.fi71' t.tt>( 2.')-) - o'3tz/" 2.+17c /32, lo f 'þs- /4r-{, U:JÉ 2,9+8 })o,Z( n2tnt3 PRoJECTNoø 2a/z le,lcau¿s¿ fru s s DWG DATE +/z /ez REV. DATE SCAIE EUTING COI.E CTIERRIYPåRSKT ÀNCH¡TECÎS EI.¡G¡T{EENS PLANNENS f. ñ N lYt DWN. BY 6/,L DRAWÌNGNO. 6 �I l,æ 14¿1-1à<--7.,ã /=t ¿ /3 3-Coy'cz, És I L a d (- + to !l N e \ \ $ ñ Op llems¡tr z Ls- 6r*r þ þtu* tr 2¿zua, ,1ez ,HbX Ðrcn /4?+ J, /J / /,67 /, sfo 33,3L o,7r â21 7,71e 6 Çeoss" ,\42¿ ,4'tz* y' ?,ao ,e - /4* ç //e-/#ç ê.71 / ¿ /J â-7( /,2t / /Q- ø"L 7.ôo / /,ao 4 s.44 PROJECT Can/¿au¿ a 3,1+ 7,fo /. 4s /,{ô 4,8/25 o.2lê / / o,18 /r, PRoJEcrNof 40,1+ zo /?- DWG. DATE RgV DATE SCALE DWN.BY , ' A q v/< n ?. \,, (uæ 2.€{) L3 üs.rít ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS PLAX¡¡¡NS ?. g /.la co 40.îq EWING COI.E CHERRy PÀRSTff //lL3 6,1 ó. ilnltont {rnrtor-/ DRAWING TITLE ,4¿ ¿ DRAWÌNGNO 7 �r (-- Oc -|,y'æræ la v l¿ártA'/r ,@eæ Zls¿" e" tå //,61 l,t-n-s* 4, ?.f 4.lo 24,ot /14'1*f ?,lo /,4 / tqî ¡ê- t+. /,ald é, êo 2,ô,a 4. /6 6,76 f tê-t+"¡ ¿, Ð. oo 2,.f 4 0r ,çd¡ Y r¿, 9,eê /&,4a lî,ol /08, ao /4,?3 3 /,70 2, OO / 4t1,73 /o /o, t- E¿¿62Å,US¿€ 4o,G æ 2î+,77 ffi' 2,{l- g.Elz(¿ 2, z,(f- o.L{o' as7,f l,boo t /.33. dá T'e- /11" /4,-P,(' /,# /,^/4 -fzçssg- tl l¿npærs/ol 37o.?i * ¡ /'4Q{t /,*t>'t' 31, 38 tl 3 ? lav.Å 14* I- 32o,zd r, Z.SG &î 2,&î /,46 Z'- 284.?? j/3g,tao 4ß,3i 3' 7,7d- 2'gl- 4 7o î'fir' Çêats T¿P C,+qz¿ ,Ø#. 4/,44 4 I 2.17 ,kCune il" /+ræ'x larr¿zr ñæ l,çozos -gez¿ræ,.1 F¿,Jd- FørJr .i ,/= /4,s'* /zr /74" 4" ffi -.fg. /13 Fê¿ytt JnuS Ðtry¿:**t'" tDeznßaZ q-/o Lin¿Eo 660/' ü,^/t, ojzèæç-, d ¿ /6 /z A¿r /-'7? , 4/'44s"- &¿ñ ,,1ó¿E PROJECI .// (._ f,{ DRA*INGTTTLE . t6z A t¿, ër F/X, *7, t2, a Lg ¡7.¿ ./ t fflot/ êrnrtoi PROJECTNO.gzoIz a/z/tt- RE1/. DATE CaJ ¿ou ê,sÉ 7e u ssgs DRAWINGNO. SCALE ETITING COI.E CHERNIY PARSKT åNCHITECÎS ENG¡NEERS PLåNNENS DwG DATE DwN. By 6\/Ê. â �( I 3-l¿ø. ês I- nfT./Æ paume I /" ./. 4/g, 3 Çztts /,óM,û¿prr¿r Fm /z- /Eô" 4 r - ,&eæ +8, +4, d" 2.74 ? /er*-,a. ,rglan, g 6,++t¿s.. fun 4,A åøre /lo z 6¿22 2,/4 ðt,yZt-, flqv6*- ,1+a- Ftz¿a, 76o )< z6oL - /5,68 /ßr Jnzess, ã+, " tÊ¿m JZos< U¡l r ,42¿Ntîø¿e' trA ft"¿. /7,6Lrr F/Y- f êl' /6,êt"t fz'æz &rr 6tazo- Edsta,l- He>n{oz ñzaat 68f L ,^/* ,kæ. g+.?+ã //¡tn 68f a "îreaS" ffio"'/?,6 ßr ,Q,¿N tfu¿€, fix ,*?/, = g/.á kr€ F¿z H- aæ a{ytoo - PRorEcr \ DRAWING //n/ to^/ Jærro,J '*tCorr/a s 46o,, 32,Í. ./ tXfu' PROJES'NO# ;*ttunr [)tJ,Yta Br^/. / zanstze izeesr G /rffioo='rtr^#/*i (st.r *") = o/?- DwG DA'E 4A¿/e?- REV DATE //Zus -f EWING COI.E CHENRY PåËKT Àncn¡TEcrs Et{cINEERs pt at¡¡¡uis /s-Æ )LJ\LT. DI¡/NI. BY DRAWINGNO. ? �I ãt,eææ, 7Pg o ã ,1c, Fo/¿ "?1r,"øzrs Z/t. 4g! r,7si 4t,?v' (_ì æi g2,f"48.37,f , Æ,S7t,L o,71" 4î, t>,t/ 4-#fta-7sz g, jÞ É 3eJ ^ z 4,/z¿'*a]f*4flí/f 44 'i - 4?,s/¿'t o,7,ft êv, ¿>l' s \ ? N -È À c.\ -s \ q \i l/tnezlr ( Op "TtJez,rta þ'n-ã ¡ler F¿ensntr ,¿&Jc Ê{¿A d, 2 þ'616*1 /6,f 2,ôu /4,7t 4,2.u "i /P- /+,,+ tÆ,'qø lÆ- 6¿, Ò /ô, I l4*? /ô,rf V to, /a, d /é-,+" { //4- /4* + lv dt 2/1, 4d 1 a ëE , 3o'foô ,.f6.30 / 7,4ê 0,0 U 47,{+ o.Òê 4oÐ,oD 0 l, 3l 1,t1 'lî,37f 73#,t )/lo í q. /q 41,laf n4t7 2 l,3l I ,4< ??tiï 0 .4q ?,4 41.e7d 24¿?,( 2ZELe /.3/ t,3/ 0, E 1,/1 .i'a 7J7'2,1 4 2("7 ê,6¡l*4, 7,(o-/ e,óulttl¡ /2,4L /4r c, -L-- /lo * Vrw óaz * z 5< 8L 4éalo' x t 11,o 24/zø4 /o6 = ? il6 PROJECl' l/,ù to,l Jræ- .. t - )J*t,ut lc nv DRAWiNG "*Euld Çt¿¿ae,- 7e8 Eh'ING COI"E TERNNT PåRSKY ANCH¡TECTS EITG¡NEENS PLÀNNERS +6 tsia,tto 5:, Lîi%v 5/, ê og a 'r8 111 Þ ln 82otz ,ß,vL / (ute.rl ' J634,/* t,ut DwG' DATE RFI SCÀLE D\ATN. BY o,+1 O¿ 4ä qþ4 O' 4ú Ðt tl+ PROJECTNO. t O,41 {t,3 a + t 7TT,T ( s s./t/¿, DATE DRAWINGNO /î �//nt,o¡¿¿^ ('. /*'*o Jt4 L ælYn 7¿utf tteo ¡/t/, J : a il, æ " //g fizt¿t¿ e tzar/u, tlfs ?a Lo- N-{lf; rZar'Jt3,lL rr loø/t/il, Ft ?F €/zô€È- t tJz) zoL fu c¿t,trr, /zo/,4sæ1 d Çtøoæ.: /+'g)-' (o,n") 1 /oafr H- ñ,tc, L¿., n, d,{o l< ill. ¿5- - Jt|* €? + ã Ê ,€" /v z .5a H,- €Æ¿¿*'.¿pt -1. d7a8 >t /ê 2233,1 C On 3/ 3, (-r, f* z&t)* s StS,,f A 4¿24,( R.Fr ô-7¿ tr. z fq,s. &lr u ,, Jt3, Çn¡a. a/czur {l 4/'- 6,4*fl " /l 4,t /¿f /,?,- 1(* {" lÆ- /4r /z / nl3 d*/es ¡234,/4r43 Fz. z -fìri g 66 t .o fl+t8e 29,,r 2"33 '/o L ttt ô ,/ -#* í/ê DRA\¡/INGTITLE 24.+ 6 o'{'z- e¡/f ¿ær. e, þ7 7J'* 2g,J- tê Qa1 PROJECINO. ¿?-- -TF E_$rn¡c coLE CHERnT PÀRSKY AncHITEcrs Er¡GrlrEEns plÀNr¡is â L/* Z"+, -{ r, /4,vr) ô?o8,1? R PROJEqT 244, DWG. DATE RgV DATE q¡^À r tr DWN. BY DRAMNGNO il ¿t b �it J {l lr ¡ I 7 ¡ q ño..1'i I i l¡ "{ 't'. b4 I 'I qì .:t / iìi o It ! i .: ì ì &.t atuÉ i-r.^6 L-Â... þr. Q \ \ V. Ç rl \' 1 + I I i è I ¿¿í^atd. _. i¡ .. -_ ,r:...t*{ {a:4!_-____ ?-.,4,t:/..' i. sa.¿a.m_lel---.__ l&¿. ¿'a - læ¿ h< ' t'. zi< PROJECT D¡r-n 4or.n DRAWTNGTTTLE LhrnN¿ R^4 PROJECTNO. -Írt,*-*, EIITING COI.E CHERRY PARSCT ÀNCHIÎECÎS ENGIITEENS PLÀNNERS Þ ôzotz ¿,V, scALE AÇ' Þ{otep 1^Yk DWN BY DWG DA'E 4/æ/æ REV DATE DRAWINGNO. IZ .io.r �L.,' 4,lq¿e = //zo /ot1r, Or ,fu. P,p/zts €ærus. f3' /e,r/çril êr tfu,- / Êussãt Ð - ð/ -funy, /?G 76gg ør,tZ EÆl,fqAæ - (?o lqVaaæ)-,6,2J' Pno,peeTl€s Çnoss l¿rm .çPEn t-d,n.f z/s-aø.þ 7, lo /,7.ft7á&g,, €SL TaP Cþe> hbze Ns Peorz,. '4fã s 6.oa 8,72 ê.êr¿ 8.ztq /,6+ /ó ,?.2 ¡1.é r *rh AJ ¿ 6'r3 0,.147 lea florl S- t 4/,72 /4,2t I l.r.7t $ .1,4, \ d- a J'Íq3 ffi.3,{8 Mtmatr tlez êeæ /.Èn { l,tg 24-aø'þ 8,aaq 0p tl \' il.zrta J, 4', 44 Y +L €,9à h,7+ 10, /'1+ 3,76 37,,Ít 30,8o 2. tl, ót7 73,1L lt0, âo Z, 73,3Lt/2o,îo= tq+fu d4 S. /?z-Ea + l,4z-= z3,o,f n3 fr PROJECT C /q4/L lt.fJ ' ¡ U^l / ê ,/ 3ær,, oJ 3, {3 PROJESINO. DRAWÌNGTITLE ET1TING COI.E CHERNT a/z ÐWG. DATE REV DATE PAEIIY .anc¡¡¡tEcrs ENcn¡E¡ns purxñÈns S(-At-.E Þ\¡rN. BY DRAWINGNO 6l¿ /3 �EL€nû.l7 qøst /*z€ Ner Ad ¿ ,42* ,?øuc, 7,la o,{47 6,f3 6,oo 4/,7 z z/s- ¿"¿*l 9'7t ¡ ral 8,t11 /, ø7- /4îT /.Ê- /2*ç O t7,?' /lt ñ \S ñ \ t\ T\ ñ cni .96.6+ ,l 54,6+ z 3,)38 /{ /,r7 Ner [¿encrtt ,4em t'rë'n,{ tY 4 ¿,_ f, 6. ?r3 2,7.¿ L l/s-6ú,7 ê,/71 t( /,1 A4 J.l,,rg /17 LE fa,oa zf, S,loJE tlt {é Lf ¿ s.Eo t(t.go .f- 44{+ /l3,to, 2/?, 2? lr./ 4 Sz )ty'2î + ?, z¿7o 26,t4 tt3 C 2t4,74 /.1:lrz f- /+,4?" 3-8o -4t F¿o,oa¿t/æ & F,/¿ futt x./ a ll ì x 6 Ì,\ \ s fun \ \g' I Å na ti -îz 16Z,er, /, 32?,a nl4 {= i24,o * 6c €4,o f, 1,Zd F¿¿z /- XZ e Ê{tt YY ,l* €Pas.ç ¿, 4Êæ [/z.Ja 882 o,q6 t E,8 t7,6 + ?,1+ç .îgtt 4t ,r, a U¡l ta¡t Jtxflortl DRA*ING rrrl' \s I \c\ s \ I , \e' 4d' PROJECT nt 6 P¿ Jç $ \ \D x s-t+ s Ín 4lo rtP.28' 46/.ol t¡t4 5' %/,oz ? 6,oo, 76.8? ¡ts f* PROJECTNO .?2 ot z 4-á/, Dwc t DArE 4/z a/¿u REV. DATE an leus s - Ð - Ð, DRAMNGNO SCALE EWING COT.E CHERRY PÀNSKT åNCH!ÎECTS ENCII{EENS PT.ANNERS a I ?_ú32 ,f, /+ 4ft.7 10,28 g a \ô I 28,77 /?,ti37 7. /,/r1 t rl $ DWN, BY 4v¿ /4 ¡.1 �/o*u ,4ss K*r - ãrælrr1 FrÉ ftussæ ¿ a €¿wç €¿a¡ 1) ,/vl 2e l¿vng &æ< fr,+ra$- /a Caøtt/-4øæ- 3o ,Qa'aa {ez"t,+ç WL ,hu / W,a /oo t/ þ,¿, 40 d æ/, Ët ,þ,rcæ 4/2" / 4r+z-¿ 3o L¿ co¿< æ,(Jêæ.? fua 3 iptf , T¿+c< 3o /ã Ð,L, 3O - ton. Tèf 6*tzo n /a * A-uørru4 /,1 Fura46 Pz*^tn T*øzdes t tt ¿,¿,n TrrEV ,+r¿€ lt>nr É,*rt,l1- )a TìrtZ. Þ,L, T,e,u<sel f -!¿>ne n Pet¿s- a,,/a "ò" ,¿o o,le ó, -¿4 óF &/¿s Frn 4t¿ps-c.z CF ,Ør,/,+¿yé/s lo,^/sø*-p. F..rcu fru,tc /,eezV,l7 /lo,+¿s Æ,¿yn ,4 le¿T/o^/ 2oL?" /,y' ill¿r,g, - -fg&tv,u &zorÍ, [: a ,i \ N ñ ñ U /'a /62', 4t PI?OJECT L, a ô \ \ \ N DRAWINGÎITLE .1 oJ PROJEfiNOg t¡ir/ PåRSrff Flrlû{G cor.E CHERRIYpLåïx¡ii ÀRcH¡TEcrs ENG¡rEERS o L DWG. DATE 1' REV DATE DRAWINGNO, D\^/Nf. BY 6VÊ /5 �Tæ 6,Wza l,¡*+S' Eto bs, In/ta,rnt 8 Jê,/,t /66,a . ' z'/ô n Pþ,#z .bs. n/o- 60 ly'6o/ (to,c9 ,6*,rrryi= 3s2,ôt'n ,qçrl (2o.") a¡o,1 6-'d2,.Ð la+øs EN¿ /.otus' ry: lélPelq- , ü{* ,+* 20,/J'* /3/,tó',, g = g¡ft ¿*otþ: ?262.?4 ( ,"r) ' î,o ,c.Vr! Zd,7,f ' J4',7,&1'*, 07 7r7or! ?,{' /7,1'* za.7{'- Ja;';3,r.f'r',ooo - íjf:?: 4, /l' o'*2o'l - 373'lt lo = JØ Fenl*¿, { r ç. î,{+ 3,{' íí#, f &/o' 4* 'g- l,tt E,zft? /6,ï1 20,7.f = g47G*tu,Q' ¡3/ovt( )ao) [elrcl,¿ h,l*z- Ærrg,î,uf,rP,7¡'n /6,{a* |a¡.fz JlZ,3î' *ø,o, ,;r:r) Z&Ppl¿¿ L' E, E,o+ FænoJs' Pr. Ê, Eqoæ T¿P C,hzo' /o,orL 2o,o*? 2 a Rr' P¿, 200, ' /8o,o IL ?oo, þøz lmto' L '2o, o /7/,ê oL L o+ /43,2 4 (.. /4*f È 7,21x 2- ¿ /4, ao * ?-z /+,,f'o t Zs 2î,0 /* ao rL/3,/o* / ¿ 28, 9L / 3.? 'L /{Oore¿ 2?. Ò: ¡io, o- /4J, 7 k rT(UJtsU f .' Ailteil )rHtail DRA'*NGTTTÆ/JrunJÇ ,6an Pu¡s Ð.ò, PROJECINO. 32 al=- REV. DATE DRAWINGNO. SCALE ETIÍING COI.E CHERRV PåRSKT ÀNCH¡ÎECÎS ENCINEERS PLIITÑENS Dwc'D^rEL/zq DWN. BY 6/¿ /6 /gz �6+zz,z ,,?æ-ro,,t y',a,rt e TaTtîL RooF &Ze' /6.a',, ¡¿= /6ô,o'*2o,?, æ++1 A/oi ZooA4ot 7oe¿ lat,,J7 ,fuæ t /7,1 È' /6, o r //.A f /7,O * /6,s ,d'4 33,0t Z, /66,A r /0,1 , 314/,( r (ø- = /Jî?ZÉ æ/il6t I úq,7) /7/, â VS Crt*¿/< V?LLI¡ Fñ ,k &tcrt d4-r. kzz¿ rntnl,î 7t g,æ,s= O " o* ¡/ t 4i 42,ufu. ?z C' ilunørt 0r f)anêæs hucr =(A,trt * )-z 4l>4+-s" 4/ {n. hzÍmn/ttt (lr'/tz.tt,*tLy ,%*tr F,r/.¿ F,e,/a-s a./¿ TÅo Ht¿ &J'zs Æ o*raut^t ol {pat/,u-ztr, Hrt/ Èt¿s' 37 &n/n. zo Nrc 7/= (2"*r)-s 37= 4ø-S lK ,/t ^t SzV-7,"tr(Ly M.n¡,{,tÉ PROJECI C DRAWTNG PROrEClNogl {>*rø,,1 IIILts l'/*t ¡_uftr{G coLE CHERnY PånsKy AncgrrEcrs EN€rNE¡ns p¡.¿¡¡rinl o ,Þðt DWG. / + DATE REV. DATE SCALE DWN, BY DRAWINGNO. 6/È. /7 �k-rc f)arreeT? .fæ .fress .fpær €ass e, ,/, /â >< n- 14,37 â ,-a q,/rlJ r) ,Q-¿r¿rtXLE /6,2L = /7,fr át, g î,æ< M-nøae- ,l'la 2 fuøe- 2So j72æs- 3lê /7.73 ä" Æ¿æ. Çeass */7?3 _ /4.Í/ TJÍ ÞLú,fe¿e" /7, I / tq{ Ct-'æp- 4*nacz- ,€-ß Faz€= Zla (. &ee , tgr Jæs" 2(o /7'h7 Ê/¿ø¡*ê¿c-z ¿,6¿ Fq 77812. /,,î,56 /hzæ z /, ze /4,?L' E,wæ t, /4.s6 d 9,6-ê r ø 32,{' t/,{ xtt E,' 1 t/2 *6,Í-ooe, 32(êø JønecntT Pv/Þ lnz"vr Ðt,+7za'-"r 7h? 72us.l;< ,7pæn* fr ße l,+rt<ç,fuftP/ /ú ,Q¿ Fæpou- PROJECT . O"t T,gs ¿ '. Ulrc¿ -Jzern¡l DRAWTNGTTTLE )/unn/q,âun -TeKs EtI'ING COI.E CHERRY PÀNSKY ÀNCHITEqTS E}¡GINEENS PLå,}¡NERS PROJECI' Ð *þzo /z DWG. DATE +/¿"/e REV. DATE /þ, DRAMNGNO. SCALE DwN By €¿e /8 ,Uf �I I - /.a*ør,,t L I 4aør0rr'¿Y- TagZe /s /\/o (eru tt/Ç Onzæ. &rrant C*tz,¿ lo,+øs, êÊ, ,?æe {ovat ry1 , zot/o' a frtfrn nJ.î * /z ,rrz lers-Êøt , .9 &ò/¿*¡ 7q Lilc- Laø 30 67 - tetJtz / 0,*âS frasc+z -t\ /e ru*) fu- &,æ.ø Z?Jt" ¿41. Uæ ./ ffæ, Zl* 27s3', 2/1.q7t- 4' (ut€ 2 2aal ) /.a,+a' 2?o^ /e- /s/a", ,Qæ,n -Fo *fr ê-/ 7.7.2G Ci /5, + (",1 ) ¿ /.ç+r 7- /c7,8 tZ 3, Z * 2n 6/,61 funals ne ke'þ- 4 â+æ2. 60' /Ta,s 4' frøz ¿ò*s. /Zry.s,Zo*/oL nstsa 4 Qr,?r. d/.GrZ¿ /ZS,zz (1 e PROJECT 33* íryr¿on/ DRAWING ÐtrlG cor.E cHEnnr PåRSKr åncnrrEcrs E!¡GrN¡¡ns pr.r¡lñÈns ( /¿\ /73 ) PROJECI'NO. z ¡/*tlu DWG. DATE REV DAÎE SCATE DWN. BY DRAMNGNO q/È- /9 (- �Æoøz¡ta Òç l¿e l*æ-r âÇ, .\b \þ ñ \ ôr ã¿4,ltrr C€^he7 €l¿tsî kE iîk* @¡¿,, ,ler /Aæ* {¿¿nentr q 2¿t.6,,6* 7a /?,s¿ ¡. e7 /o,oo /, o1 //€'/4rl 22.8û flonerr \_., Oç ?Ls- /,7 ?,{a P4o o 4,4" þ,ôo 71,2â 11.10 /8, óz> /1,80 fileert,ç. .v A/, Je Ae€f, ¿, ¿, /¿.7/ 2.fi 8,æ 8v 28 44, /6.{ î,il 3,4.6 6,6.2 /.4- 4¿ /0,97 a,1 t / ,ler E¿¡nrNr d //,q7 tf,{o lz 2t 3,30 /13'13 2t/,(a / î3,13* I tø6. b/ * 3t7'./a'4s/,*3 4q,43 Jq,3l 4 //,46 4t/,43 r, 4 //, I {o t ffi= 'oono /n/,qy' 22.8o - 4.17 /8,o3 Sffiion/ '***""Yzuss{ /^t, ,oooo*o4ror" REV. C,læ 6y'rl i,+st u,v EWING COI.ECHERRYPåËKT APCHITECÎS ENG¡NEENS PLAI¡NERS DwG. s(-l{LÈ. ^ . J ß Norcz €/L DWN. BY DArE +/S.kZ DAÎE DRAWINGNO. 70 �,4apæ T/ca ôn pa ft7/1 6lrz-t¿ (i > t? {e¡lren aF Ç€o$ h?Á EterrTrJr \i 6¿,ev /TT êÊ,€,q l?æ¿r, ,ler ¿ âEA b-a*6*¿ l/,,fo t rà.ø* 7,QO 2.aa ?,lo /t,{'o tl{a 2 I /, oa fr \ (\a \ s A¿ t,E3 /9,34 o,2s /,lo 6,æ !"i \ q t{ ff s ñ¡ 11 /7,8+ n /, 21" /û {a ,g+ ('"' Honlertr Or f^tæ 7/A Eør7e,{r ¡/q ,4t* 2þ-6ú /ê ?$ /4./ 6, O4 ¿, ¿ A¿" o.6ç o'+L3 4, êz 3î, /,og /, O6â 6, t6 tl,(o -f. +#'?'n r; PROJECT DRAWiNG 1o,38 /O,391 4/,Vâ - .f/, t- L/,^/, o t/, ó* lr,+ 7 61 ' &g /'44 -r€rc)- 4t,L6 4¿/,44 t.n + /n3 -3.33 , /,gv lil MT ^/ Je /,43 /,.28o,6 5 Ð PROJECTNO. "n7eusrs âtæ ET1TING COI.E CHERRY PÀRSTff .ANC¡TITESTS E¡ìTGINEERS PI"AI¡NERS o/7 DWG. DATE REV DATE SCAIE DWN. BY DRAWINGNO ?l q �ftFC;;¿zc- 2/o-6, á-Êì -jlf tÉ-rc"f J \} , l}' C \b. $ '-l- s ç\ $. $ +. ¡¿ f. F { ------It'\ \ N tò a I 4 (ô + F tv 1 { þ \ þ J ts \ L \s 6m.(1,t*¿' Z b-a"6*L) / r4, J l4*l JL T¿uss Jcar-e , /'! â'' a'' 4 ....--: À L-,, ,ç t d I l'3- ê lz lI -9 f 1 R  h Sræ.xs S.a-e, /i gaK I I R PROJECT t.t / ,i{ ¡/ t o¡l JTA DRAWtNGrirt' TE î/ô il ussß C,l¿ álniln¡tun / ET1TING COI.E CHERRY PARSTTY ÀNCHITECTS E}¡G¡NEERS PLÀHNERS PRorEsrNo E?o/?- ,*n ,*, //Ju/t:z, REV DATE SCAIE â / ß Naø D\¡¡u. By 6/r.Z DRAWINGNO 22 v �æ'<lì, 4/ fua,a- -2/s A &eep Qe*c)= .lz&,rts, 2/l a+t .sF zTã¿o ,Qt-¡y¡,æ¿€t ,4ssam € /Vt¡\. /,* t€,+r,o, (r* ,o,/n7srs 177*>n*Z ñac e'*2a( S¡ø,æs. L-,1 tu- ffi¿ mtrz.,\ (* l6uf,z ôp A/ hert.. ! r* 2a. )1 k 6o r r ¿ kí /6,;4 Æ; DRAWING ETIfiI.¡-G COI.E <tî ßtac.{æ, KJ€ H- ã /êz¿nJ, /6,a t-tF FEr¡z ÊcT?c a *rto/ $it /d7r-/?,n -/4 /3.2e a"tu, ,êst¿ e ê,áar 3ao/tã2.ò, PRorEcrNo (zalz êyaz, cHERRy PAnsKr ÀncnrrEcrs E¡rcrx¡¡ns puexñinì //- , éo oa I 7zrytt¿ -o DWG. DATE 4 REV DATE SCAl.E DWN. BY DRAWINGNO €/Ê- ß.ù&. 5zæ- /î/s-//rv 'sonno'þ PROJECI h,o ¿,g33 ,M* (øo)- tcÍa U/4ã - Æ¿¿x/fu¿í (. Trut) .', k,¿ d1,Jz. 2,/33 ,t /o.2wr /7,r¿ E nN, ("Ð 6rrá* +. _-. *_ ,+% il zz,&4 4 z3 a ,h,o L �.Sro¡ls P¿ar IITTI ,.c.r -' Ç¿¡l¡/ '7 ne ar\ âø¡,|¿ÊaF ltr ,L è 5a,+¿e a -a û ( \<ì luds-zar E iVe,ee Ðr¿/¿Ð ss urnFÞ Art/ ,ÊrV,+¿Y.r¡' f ¿4¡P, ¿74' = æ,, ¡/, Fcor {a"Tteú,3'wtor*4Ht .t * I I 3= 2loo /2 Fî3 /r,1, ff 0r 6tÊceP. Jlpi¿p $¡et€s, FLus. ' x/a PRoJECTA^I DRAMNGTTTLE rc,{ {nrn¡l . JcE 75i26,2V-Za-zg "f,>ws },/nsl,nlç nl PRoJEsi*olz a /l- DWc DArE sls//s> REV DATE ên¿*. ,4r €vn,y',+stun SCAIE EUìTING COT.E CHERRY PARSIff ÀNCH¡TECTS ENG¡NEERS PI.ÀNNENS DwN t¿ 2./ /aY / Io By ç/È t) DRAW]NG NO 24- è �Jg¿rta¡ls t*tu-¡ òJ ùln Lñ - Ãy*rnn)a? /^LJ , 1b- 6 *6* S , 6b,>'/Z' /3h4 / rf- o tfu¿un /l j. rtn w 4,lt? \ .t q \ ? òâ¿ Ò1 *. _& /z trl ryn anol, , QÉôez_ u( ?r tñ q ,*/-o,øt ,tlq 7Ee- / s't)* * /{. 3G*3,/ Hqn JJ¿,, 2,3 /t/t r, \ \ a\ òO \ o g¡J r 0r JrtJ.-¿r, Þ' lu7,7rou 2 is- / 7-{ /r/' j¿" î z/s.ó*t,7 /3. Orl 1/ ,u ¿ ¿ 26t.)I /6. /8 r fl" / 1,.t- /ocod 82* 26,Ln )ú, t( /Ðt PROJECI C, DRAWING €2ê,?c 4 UAl //?4î,4L Ð 3,/¿,1' /t^ 6{,1: ¿l oo ? J,lô l? otz 2 ftz,es drt, ótffir+e.t\. llrylr*¡tu¡t PARSITY Flmrc cor.E cHERngpr_u¡ñin} .âncgrrEcrs Er{G¡r¡¡¡ns *1 tñ t = srys.la PROJECTNO. ¿rt/ ,#7 o þ 201, ev /f8 î',éo " /êoao - /a 4t7n o ¿L trcÆÇtaÐæ. /1r9, 6 ç t,t ú3'8 .r/¿+,?/ /g *e Z ,ît04.1 t ê,oo Ò' ,áo /t 6,1442 .Érlo,u Mo¿tttus Y 4 oô aaÕ € v,J' J.. 4r/o T er-l t *G*7g Oc æ1/ a 2 (+) I DWG. DATE REV. DATE SCALE ¡l / z -û' D\^/NBY -)> V/Ç '7 DRAWINGNO. DÊ, t-J ? �Íe¿ 7 4¿s- 6,'6* * l-, ' Ð'/'Z' //4,8 . /Í.3 *.3- 4€,? ã- 3ârþ / &r¿/ .Ð- B,+sa¿ Õ¡/ Fle¿¿ aN- J r, /t,,r. .Do. /ú0, fz+rrlt,v¿ Jþ. I N\¡ \ nft aøtrlE €¿n./ t n,, 3/oo /6/ €æoæ zzô àP ?,2 / 0y', a t zy'r ì Ì.1 q N ? \o \ ôê è¿e ¿T/aN I lVo,,nerlr Òc C. lecrt o>l þ - c*6"fl /Ê- iâ" tr z 2ls- C"6;+ 4ea* flt B /6'1 /3, I /6,7 A I dv / Q,4 a, ao /6,22 26 3, ô1 Sgq 2,44+ /d?Ò.6¿ /8 flz 58/,Zl'¡/6æo c ¡¡) ( -f--¿rro¡t /4æd¿us A ,4/v,,ta ?¿ , 4446,22 56,þ a, ôo 44%, Zz / 4..18'o a 842,4+ 263a1 t6.zz 47.? S- a Ailø /{7c.6c 58t,28 lnl ?3oo î8o d6,30 7 tnt{, 77lo+ ft,,oPS. (#) (^fÍl;Z#) = ?úo? vg , z. 8 o 6 /r, u, rn 4.æ. 4?pRoJEcr',Nol UJ/o / {re.r0 - lr/¿r*t I fr / ZolZ ^l DRAwrNGrrrLE Çnzae Ar 6/n'/+<tu4 /L t!o' EII'ING COI.:E gIIERRY PåNSKT PRoTEC'. O) / u/3o/{> DWG.DATE ^l SCALE ÀNCH¡:TECTS ENG¡NEENS PLAI|NENS DwN BV q¿,L REV DATE DRAMNGNO 26 �lærtont þsumeø- 6nse¿ þr,l ,Ça¿¿ &emúe-t tol 4/,t- 6*6* 4g,4, z . {, /Ê- 36*/a Õ, aa. - /2,6r3 - JE.q', /3f,L n r s"f :, ,t ñ /o,+¿tn/ .t J /ao Çen^/tæ: Çz,eòe /3 2v3 5 æ (:ì 2,? Ma.a F "/ \ rtlr âr learton/ ffi¿p ø' 2t-a"1x f /* zo /02 PROJEC|., 37J8,9 g 7fl7, 7 c ¿ r /6aæ v 3 44a,Q. ¡¿ il-f Jht 48,1 ¿¿ /zt4a a +9.3 /3t/, 6 6.14,o3 -T./rx. '3 2,3/ z/ rr. l,æ ' \/5re Jtt, zg f¿72 7r,u, tVer C.**,æ tÍ tl¡ltoil PROJECÎNO. I 2o ê-r pl¡r¡.¡gis DWG. DATE RgV. DATE L1!¿" ETI'ING COI.E CHERNT PåNSKY ÀNCHITECIS ENG¡NE¡Ps Ha¿ 3 .7 ¿lfd*zo tl , DRAWINGTITLE ê-æ Ò, OO ( 6J4 a3*Ê 4 rr4 37.Í8,88 /6,2? Ab¿i7 S-, ?.9276 */3//, /g N= Ht,{z zt47 / o. oa o,Y H' ãtn /6.?7 //,21 3q,ô ,vl ¿" 2b-64,f /4 ?-ô /,e- 3¿.ln nf,¿.ç,rr^l h. f/rî DWN By 4ø¿ DRAWINGNO. 27 / �4*a+ø- rler - Astnt lrr r- C Çeoss O¡-t,^/A-rt¿ r*ffiþ ttt FaucTto¡/ /,1 ,km . o,7r1, 4' 3.2o /r¿- it, þ , a3f r /¿ a,37( 4ls- 6,,6*1 t o a2 n,- ,Qer j^A ,kæo 47.31' ,,s7(": +s,7z.rs Ner Ín /e*ás,eqr VeA #. Ç2ft,+7 Qtt.' ?l/t*t - .rsf,to Jær. tVtnalr æÆry z îLf, (o x /6aoo. g ¿ % (oo ,u,! o 7/î,73 k at C /.,\ (,+uø.t)ntr,b,/r,t,*) = 2.¿e¿ "/.,. æ. 4/s-6xórþ 7 4flf * 4- &eþa¿rtail /N êÊ,æ ô )'J ôô /,¿,'74,7 ' O,3/1,' / e ê,3 ,3,971 ðn ú" N¿n ,*een. 5z,r- 3,r/r ' FnL 1î.éz( 4 8.4v,t' ,l* r = //2?9,/2, iz.,tta - /o ? 77, JE t^t 4 ?'Lt %¿ Saa, 4rø t {3 /4 /o Ç>?. lu/otrtenlrf.tpa¿trf Q)= 8e1'4{ *g 47' eaoæc,' ¡u DRA*ING t o¿ t 6e7,e1 I Jruna¡l- ),/.+trrt¡/çroJ rrrlt€, 6o?, e>ez ar 61m,y'.+s t¿l tv '/ 2, t/ a 7 N3 (¿,oo.- 4 Zts /1orrl, 3Y,4( 'K ?3/ /",r. r, PROJECI'NO. (r*) Szatz REV DATE q.ÀI tr DRAWINGNO ENTD¡G COI.E CHERNY PÀRSKT ÀNC¡¡ITECTS ENGINEERS PI.å,¡.¡NENS q/ ) s/.ja/î/ DWG.DATE D\^/N¡. BY 6va Z9 �¡fim,+re ilsr*ø - ,^b /?æu.rtort /d ,4t¿ñ, trrr¿ ,y'-æ¿æ' 3?,éJ'- fr"1, {-ør, l)d>., 4ß- 6vd*{, e¿zf , 4 = z.,lêoo " /r4- l¿, u/6, afu7 - /; p,3/3 2,f13 3 , 36,t+- 6,9q 37,(r z 870 3, 6v ççç?L %- tr/ ft)etne-r/r 6ætø rai U (røcN, t,,/tc (: o hr/3 ¿â ,l* t z tfi"{t /n-¿ ã\¿,ne¡f Cr õJ-æ,rt¡t /o*of,,1,") ? áazàî* 3 l,r,f, /6 t /6aêo- ? ,1A /â a -- 6e/,t8 47' 6.,16LU<.lor^l t M+ær,tt Æ-,+nú,Jç TtZao ln î, A/ø ,êrsr r Êarî/ez //usr õe No l".is Tffi* êræ, fl"nu7æ Na fi^'//at p¿*rs /¿rss* zpt 4r¿ *¡lnsss HtL¿ l,pg ,í,y âap¿¿*t lot/atrtaL. ,#tqnryfuL p,v*rs fü * zzç*r a¡l¿ ra +bve ñ.u¿ JBF- //,úr¿zn&øs. zF rü,s tc rçâr z*tt aN€ Th? ,%¡re la¡ta¿usts¡l 7îÐ /t)ru¿ ,tþvc fr ,ôe Rer*¿æ /t!/t'r Z,# rfu"s tars, /F €te>=!as ,4¿e % ftenet¡J. î,+Ð^/ PROJECT DRAWTNG rc,1 þT rn¡/r*¡ PÀRSKr Elltr{c cor.E cHERnrpu¡¡ñiñs Àrcu¡TEcrs ENcrxurns PROJECT a ,l/ DWG. DATE REV DAÎE t ¿l SCALE DWN, BY DRAW1NGNO 6/t¿ 79 v �1r 1r JL ? ¿L JL ll- -lL \ .¡ \ü -h tÐ \$ rf¡ 8 $( û\' \t d t\ ar JL øi¿ot 1r -tF JL rtì t s I t\ $ ¡ \h *l o ß ñ a C 'tr 1r \ ¡ ñ 't -ñ \9 rl .t St 6t- ó¿ Stzrs{* PRorEcr DRAWING à-z 6 -/" I !- g^ ,*s \JN PROJECTNO il¡/to¡l 5z*rtanl 82atz rrrl' fir¿.lr F¿^aR Æ,çm Ne - E tgr ETI'ING COI.E CHERRY PåRSff ANCäITE TS ENGINEENS PLÀ}INENS ¿- fusl #a// DWG DArE 4r/gO REV DATE DRAWINGNO SCALE DWN. BY qvL 30 �Z ¡tæ- /4FÐ/* 7ê ãafunfu.cune -/roo Fat,./r= ! C /Ws¿t E/,2 - 6,o : r/o' 6eaoo *2" 3ooø rk¿al+¡sc€ r/¿pÉ r/fu,æs, / 6æa */a' ,1 E r Lt) /2 7V 23, (l) e,66a #. ? l4'r ð',ry s¿q.se = /,TB fr., /.7fe + 6, Jt. o.ZL7 /,' /o,*¿ ôil ãëxar¡= ¿* r s' l/o 2a7 r .z¿ S' /.7,g1¿ 23,5+ 4¡39 IL - éef e s. s \ 8/,2 r, -ç,9 7 z3.bt" {PÆ!1, (:2" .le¿'r= rNæ /,û/4-/É 8*'rrl - /5'.r ¿z' J¿ \ þ o,66ù F,,t> R&¿na¡./S ç 4/,:€.': 2c,€7 t_ L- tl ¿, 6¿u I = lfi.¿ * Toa -- øaæ a= (er.z" î)+(zs,lr-* a "d L@ = rne ò¿ ú ta /., é 0,666 #" 67a. a)x Za,3j>x a g. ¿6¿ u a% u=(e2,s* F) o.666) "(zo.isn, ¿¡) - 4s7,? + 27ív¿ r ,, e¿c %, /.ââ( + 6,{E' a, K3 %' * 2ß*þ' I L I +. / ' e-¿ - -¿/¿r ftnz, /a+¿ êdt ãez-zvt" /6â.f rr /o,JJz J3,plL -Er/Þ R&<,rrø¡Js = /6,734 $ -T- 427, ê 2 -lr s /-¿ -t /r 5 5.1 &Ferl. ZO- 4' JPrcrrtl- 6,-2^ PROJECT L/,^/to,^l DRAWING TITLE Jrgr,o,,l ñt¿sr h¿Ø¿ Æ ,îm Ery$rc cor.E åncxrrEcrs CHERRY PARSKT ENGINE¡ns puxñÈns I - ZotZ PROJECT NO Fnsr DWG. DAÎE REV DAîE SCALE DwN DRAW.INGNO BY €v< 3/ L �Çtêòe*- - Zo'.73o a ¿ tl 2e,ól /6,73 Wz C 37,¿?- I 6 !7 t _t 6 !.6 617 o,6o" ' \\ q N ,t /?z s/, év ß,¿ 3?,(v 4 /Y= 37.âLY 6*r8= 2+?.'f+ z(?,flr ê,644s /61:ol ttJ Çæ,oæ, /"+r S- /46,6 t¡{3 ,'. /r 4u.4 ¡*eamÐ/*re, tcwnr f Êënz \' \ s { .Z- /q/óó,3 S. /46,€ ,4*.c- /-oÆcÀ .To 7þFtB Fu¿c 6,++,*t4 n/t^ Çta¿c2 Nou¿¿, Bs O/QStac-Írtz 1.' 7.1ê ßy ,æPÊ^/./27". t C SP,+¡l- /?L8" T4ts /s Æ^/ uN!lKE?-/ hV€Nt dA.rtu€ Çt,Q,àc? g,rØa¿ô 8€ 6a¡ltòæã @t/ta, êor{3 to&, . ,+Ls,^o fü+î n€ N0Czt¡17 JÈ,e< ôê t &æaþ' t s do/¿æv+r/v€, PROJEÇ,AN.oil C DRA*TNG rrru PROJECTNO Smrrc¡l ñ¿s r ñaa¿ Æ,tu, nlq €2otl- REV. DATE - F.rs r DRAMNGNO SCAIE ETITING COT.E CHERRY PåNSKY åNCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS PLANNENS owe'oarc3i/7s/42 a/? DWN. BY 4v,Z -b �L-( â, o a ê'/ 'ê-/ ¿-? 6-¿ l 2o.r ¿f JL lr 17 Jt¡ 1 2ogô,f q JL t (¡ \ $ \ f\ \l t N o I 4 4 1' 4 N q ù 7o.t $ \ fi f.t \t \0" Ì\ \l t $ h \ o o o I 4 4 ù Irl èà t ri ?oî?f tr-- 1? JL JL J PROJECI u I , PRorEcr*olzo/z U^//oñ ltær¡arJ DRAWINGTITLE EWING COT.E CHERRYPARSIff ANCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS PLA,NNERS DWG. DATE REV DATE III/EI Æ/ SCAIE DWN. BY DRAMNGNO. 4Ve 33 �6r?æ< I¡/æerTltvtÆ ãæz S. lg'f 42 a,y' /gL . d* Itf- (ta, l[ . /C, 3, /6 I r) +( /r,7u'. o. ad) t Va¿/zr .'o tTazlra é,do è,>?4 4'' * _2/t_ O,{ Bqrrto /,V6r /8,2é2- &4,76 'Ç Taæ¿ L / 4. 3E F nlo P*erto¡/3. +' J f NraLmfr/*Ì€ Ea'rn - /s \ a"t r î?-,r- ? Z,L, 1/x-27, 17* (-' ' á L? u 7t 9,6ôÒ 4ç5,+ + 23?,s1 z Ctæ,z- v'?Pil Spnæ: ,iV J 3 €1- 3 27s tþ' ?gA , J Ú.Ø .(*r./ 2 I JPr+æ, z/{ 617" 6,2 a,óbL I ø-. Qz.z" s) , (rr.q'. a.r,tl) /,Ðt 737,ú ? foa.o = l.+z{lr, .., /. 47r + 6..s;'--';, rr'ï íþ' o ú' o,6{7. a lri /orTL /o,+u N Baerq. /. 4 7,r f 27.Çt ja,4? F¡/o Pær,oy'r = 4o,4L?Zo zo,ztk ri \$ f" ê?/t .f t f. PRorEcr L/,^/ t 0,,/ fr*rt a,,,/ PROJECTNO €2¿ tz- DRAWÌNGTITLE'-- t l f ßérþd¿¿¿Æ/fr)il4 - L{€Sr /Z,L .'Ç 6a ,-/ / eVoftL DWG. DATE REV DATE DI¿AWINGNO. EVIÍING COTjE CHERN]Y PåRSKI¡ ÀNCHITECTS EI.ÍGTNEENS PLANNENS DwN. BY G/,e_ 3+ �6,3 C tî,36 IL 2o,2.lA 39,,fg - g' 3 8,9 \ o,s1( 6b, â !-?" - _ 6 tl ,Q" 38,,f&" '4' 38,(€ L ' lY- 3f,,{7^6,tt" zri.gJ6 ,QQ,, 2{,5,{ír C \ \ \ \ t s> s e,66é¿ /â7,Q tN3 Z, -', /p ,&,¿ l'/ra¿n):-èt*te Bænz ,4eç L a+øæ fr füEzz frict 64/'tutrL/7hE 7¿¿æ Þlouco êe o/t,åSÊsr¿a 4 þeeN,éEË, T,#s /s ryñt/t/€ Ã^/ò Fz-6a¿ la+¿tntq 5¿Uuc¿ Ae Sar* / 2 /?,8 -f. /22,O f. 2.7a SP,er'/o I ? !-g" ,ß 7a Nor ææÅ €o.rcclv¿ê& /. a,+¿ S ê,{ /22,oo N)* Ì1 ftÊ,oeæ êÊ t 0,666 t /zz a 666 /î3 I tl- /{3 - Pt ó^ft f" #åo zry_o a< F4u,,taza.tr /.,/J,rnx,rrt C PaorECl L Op^ t/Np¡l særta¡t DRAWINGTITLE 3r EIVnIG COI.E CHERFT PARSKY ÀNCHIIECTS E}IG¡NEEnS PLå¡.¡Ñ¡ñi I t\ I 2,67* 77,?t PROJESINO. h/*r &2o ' 74,?lL tz DwG' DÀrE íro/c- RgV DATE qaÀf tr D\¡¡Nr. By qvl¿ DRAW.INGNO é, �Çtu crÈ,- ?o r él - orl JP,+rt Oç t îL 8" Cr+tz,¿ C 2a,21 tl- 6 7t I S: 2a, &,, fu 6 t- 2o,Zt fi z L o"la I \ R" 2o,2/ 2 t-¿ i I 7 B' P¿ 2o,Z / /1 ñ * 6,gz /Jz, 78 / sz,7E, ê,66é¿ I t,ta t¡/3 t4 s¡ I, \ a ttø7,5 Sz //J, FÍ2 læA//rtç âøotrto/,+r. ltntfeZ Co¡/cc-¡/ Ê êrt o¡ls, æ. / tn t ta U,l tFlztvt / a ¿aS . ç. \l s Çæø+z /3 /V¿¿e 7fl'7^/ ¡Çaç-yuæ öc \ t, To 6¿¿¿Y Fta¿,4 ,Bæn E&rto,ts, &ft¿ @ea,r/ C*l êe Urt¿ /z€ò C) ¿.zsn Ò fi j,E3 6al¿ Æ æt /Ç Furu¿¿ Us^r ,kæ T*Yl lrt¡z,t'¿'b & qv¿¡t Hn¿=¡.1 ùz+Vg g¿PtouJ ,Çraúrlo¡l, C 'oooo //,y',o/ DRAWTNG PROJECT NO. íøa,rl TIrLE Fle s r E, ao,e ft,an ¡ ilÇ - l.Jæ g2Ot7-, DRAWTNGNO PÀNST(T ANCHTTECTS ENG¡NEERS PI"ANNENS /r.Á, REV DATE r SCALE EII'ING COUE CHERRY DwG. DATE DWN BY 6v2 36 �Ð/ 5 / .|f JL I I lrl I -ê /22 3/,5 /2r 3/,r 1r .å¿ - ? b .ð¿ (tøa) 0t,ot) òo ðo l l t ¿o - ðo 1ù \t $. ì. ¡[ \¡\¡. \ì \D q) C; - 's F\ - l l l I 1r I t JL 1F ¿ Çæ,¿æ-'î" _.! JL 4¿t- c,^6rþ /'t^/æ ê-- ea| F" -T¡/¡=*.Mâù,*ré Æao ¿ ãæ-r t . /Z ? Sl SJ t PRorEsf"NoÉ '*t"o iln//ø^/ Sn*zo,,l zo/2 DRAWING RE\l DATE âl EWING COI.E CHER$r PåNSKY ÀncgÍrEcts ENGINEËns pr¿¡¡Ngns owe.oerc¿hrtg, DRAMNGNO SCALE DWN. BY 6/¿ 3T �14'-+' îRott HAL¿ ,ler ,æ,* 6æòæ. - e AQz* €/n Z Ls-A Span/,- *6"? l4zb<*t %* ? */ I Pr¿,¿z /.7r /?.4 /,F t 3,{a /7,4A .1,2( /6, /g 26/,n 4636.3 ,. /2.tt /6,/l 47, a q r. ld,n' / r t.7( /7,7 /.7r 5 2,42 I /, dt \ ã,e \ \ o o /4{î, o 63,â %t,77r %36.3 /7 ¡ q - \9 F¡ 1272,6 /JEJî6 \ /272,Ér/,î&c 4, /e g,r€,2- t^t* S¿ ./ o g,tÉ,Z * ¡g ". 6o3,2 3 I. I NI lo \ 6t*2< /2 € 3/,J' C. F¿æ¿ íe'ffi?,1 €.o 3l = Z 88 4 Zf?,+T - /, /t7 /zr,. .', /. t t 1 * 6. 332 Ð, /7 âgld'', ,tt,¿fa' Tar*<. L"+o añ hm, Bêtv1 ,€V-nô^/s /, \ /t7r //,1óo 21,1? t-t ( 'oooo //r/,cr{ 21t /C L ø Æoø 7l vs 22- L PRorECrNo¿ {*rrd DRAMNGT'TL'ÍE'a/ø ¿ za/z R. .T' Zlf .fa36 &,e-r/- /7lg DwG.D^Ie DRAMNGNO SCALE EI1TING COI.E CHERNY PARSKT DWN. BY Çv2- " (fe/ez RËV DATE e k,+trtMq - Ënsr ARCHTTECTS ENGINEENS PLÀNNERS sq fY¡ 0 ¿ A-? L $ - ryt, /LÒ)'- dbæ/,'æ T't*¿,,,a't u/ ëre<a oît ,+tz 3æ2,- 6#, 'liot' 27"(,rrt,,ò q ,<. oN \ (aaz) \-^---..-- lnæz Ætm 8,wÐ \\ 38 �I I I Ct"æ,< ¿òæ, I o*¿tnt ß C. Zz I 2z 27- Lz zz Lz t I t 7- sP,ê. ¿ !*" 4+t-&' 2=66 I /Y- C 66 ,e, ¿€é A * /f,ct- / zr+'*-Qt>/2,6rò-(tL* 6.33ì) .:¡ /2ç4 - 279,6t'- /57,32- n SZ4. oZ S m É g.¿G.o3 * o,6ûÇc. r_s7 27 Çn¿e*. la. 5.6a3,23 t< I ) I Yaonct C. 4¡ø¡/.lwto¡l DRAWING rlwlæ,a l¿ Æ oar¿, PROJECI'NO. 8Z¿ ñ*n E¡YII.¡G COI.E CHERRY PÀRSKY ANCHIÎESTS ENG¡NEENS PI.A}¡NEPS tz DWG DATE l"/e, REV DATE DRAMNGNO, SCALE D\A4V. BY €¿e 39 �APE Kçp¿erertn ,f¿z (-- I â ! 1l t th'l& ,t 3 JL ¿L \s" -tl * C 't s S¡ .tF ¿L 1 2o 'Íto¿ .l- -L t \ \ ñ (_ PRorEqr L/¡l prl DRA*TNG TIrlSA lr*rt a¡lz o nl fr,aoR. enoæct'No¡2 alz &kx REV. DATE Éarue:l&v DRAW1NGNO SCALE EWING COI.E CHERRY PåNSKT ÀNCHTTECTS ENGINEENS PLA¡¡NEPS DWc DArE DWN BY €/A 4{ �(*æ* 2o".r so - /k Æaa - lP*l 4a '-aF - se¿øa +L tt' 4J' * 8cþ', /JH .ç, /46.6 t,Js C /46,6, /.,Ðr þ 4/ v â Q¿r.a *a)+ ûJo 0.6Ò¿ (+f, o,aa) ll7z,E * ltzo,,rJè 7, a47 z/cr J/o' þ47 z ê,2/Z4., > Z/?- 4,7L Tatæz /o*+ O¡l EcTzvtv lo+7* þ'n 42,?3 6rn7 a, ^z KarrcTto¡ts ?s" = ry. I a/, +7 zzL ?z I â C; * ( u*a zz Ò + lrt 'll -_¿. I ¿ R= 33L 4. 73.o* ?,g33 ¡ - ?Z,or4,?/7 a tl Rr33R Bc/,gJ /g?,t7 /q1Jþ S. / 1î,7Lt o,6 6bz ¡g 3, o t¡t 3 2o'-r Sa ,aþ5 S. /*ô, ê lntt t. ,oot o L/r¿, o¡/ DIìAwlNG lITLE -fr*na"l Eæ¿ EU'ING COI.E CHERRIY PåNSKY ÀNCH¡TECTS ENG¡NEERS PLÀNX¡NS @ PROJECTNO. êza t z- - Hssr owe.oere Vøþz REV DATË SCATE DIA/IV BY DRAWINGNO qv/z 1/ �i' I /E!8" ta /q! l¡[ /Iz l/7 l/-1 //.cÉ .Þo :Þo ão С òq )t? A ltz A rtl /t7A fil \ù //,¿ Ðo ¡.¡ $ <l b qD Ð. :)è ôå t I òo l2a bo Ì'. /2a J Eean- ) tl')= / z'tÍ s/,s{ ç tÊЀf., Ç3' 4 /t- 6ra* f Æ-"sårz" 2- F¿f, r?s. ¡. t+if," _ s t) Ð ,4ee btne4 ho¡J s /ò Stz* l,rArll Ê PRorEsrNoá PROJECT DRAWINGTITLE -,k flþt J, zo lz DwG DATE S/AIAZ .REV DATE 14 DRAWINGNO. EtlM.TG COI.E CHERRY PåRSKÍ ANCHITECTS ENGTI¡EENS PLANNERS DWN. BY 6/R 4s �-fuænøt.+E &tq- /2Í 3/,J' ' 2/o îLoaa- F*sr Ser= 5¡l 33 ê SP,+rJ" t/,6G- SP,pt,/ç. aL4" (C,st') Erl¿ Er,+ertø¡l 5 = //, oL 64f, ' /?? *þ' /L Taræ< /o+a Oi Eqmc ZZ,e t4 { '\ f\ N ¡v¡ rrf q { í) €¿224-. Çêoss Fleoe^/r fuf .ø, zls- 4 ararf /4,- 30,, þ 2¿s'6,,6*f /14 - /4" + '02a I t zz f,ea,. ¡,ler AØ ¿ /v q ,4d,Y JL â {a /,(a Ð,*1 ?,aa /9,379 236,4 2tz7.,l't (a /t,1 0 ll,vl /76,a7 Zab, a( 4î.þ /4. ?) 2, o o 8*3,9o ê ll. zl êrF /ê,,fo /4, z0 2,(a / /,70 /3,7') /76,of 2o6a,zl 4 9,30 /0. /o,la J,(a 6a,6,f C I ¡4¿e g'71 5/, /o 4oo ls,3'71 2t¿Åq 2/71. { t t37.r, Z'^ g 37.t1 €z f 94/, 29, 13/6,7o -Çz 4 St 6, ?o * ¡s-,7,t" _î?/,,ff 22 22 2z ' zz L?-, a, t o, q11,38, trJ+ ¡1, 66,. o>, / /, Ò= /zf+, o â - Z",O'¡t /2,66¿ - /2. ot 6,33¿ I z7t,6l / 37,31, ett.oz ; SP ,4n ó6 I ¿ n €ß¿ez2 ,€e ¿¡, / e,l lr+r toi ¡ .t - àØ¿ DF¿AIVÌNGTITLEz2A Æ,*rt PRoJEcrNo êzo t z /ilç- €,ær EWING COI.E CHERNS PÀRSKr ÀNCHITECÎS ENG¡I{EERS PLAI{NERS l Sn-&il,o3 A eaoæcr C, 6! { * Ð, 6 662 €Ð^Tg I 'tbt s7 L {f DWG DA'E /r"/eo REV DATE DRAMNG NO SCA].E D\^/r¡. By €r//¿ 43 t^ts �f - ¿ / .E5o Lop¿t - frøp Ææ¿- 6o¡8, ã¿æen€¡lr* /e%.çnp,ær I 4æ¿ Fzî C n,s'L 27,s* zz.s' 27, IL I lo 2,1 ,('63,s é¡ Ò L 2a'e' /22 63,.Í L 2 25 r2,s L, Z7,S* Fotnlr / o*ø" ' Tz/¿êz F¿ooe L'r-' ê.ss *y'2 6aN¿. tVa*<€n#t .jo'* /u' , /z'o Jæo trtS+t7zg. 2,4 tr 7 : ,.cs Ff * ßô¿)Ë2 3/z ¿l o,3 k/ò //,F .t tptt¿rn lo,+a, a. 5s t/r, r o 3 g /r.' a,tlE/LF,b'. ,7,b To/A. il¡l ./ ,?ærrôlst 2z,d? 22,,r; 7u/= ô3,1 * /ô'= 27,€ r 7,5 u - 2j. "1t 8,.(v- 2, ó 3,,f, ao 2a 6, 2( f. âs1 6g,gL 4, I I I ô8, 75 42, {'e 6o, 3 t 7,, !'o 2- l, ¡ I S.Ê"e,* J/7,fo>¿ o,66à¿ 2/t4l/n/3 îr+rse r{ PRoJEcr ,ke ,?pr,æd¡zy UNt DRAWINGTITLE Trzz 6o,y'¿tno,^/5 anl 5rø 7/o¡-/ Tt*e,u T¿ nøz Fp.,+n t ¡ta EWING COI.E CHERRY PåRSKY ANCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS PLÀI{NENS Çte>-Z .rfu lz 2/e,6/ fag €t¿¿rz, Ðe7tf,l PROJECTNO.. þþ/Y ,*n.r*r4,6,/g7 REV DATE DRAWINGNO SCÀLE DWN By ÇVt 5E �æ c"/. sÊ Wr// ¿/ /oo E4 r)t .l ¿'/ /.,*/V (oE п Coen)n. -* 7¿r.rn rLOrr;, ¿ti-/e. .{,// ?r4 ç*. / hL arcl / 2 Tnh/.7 /*J= ,/ sl 2 o 7b,J.. l-r"E ,ro,, 4, ^ 2oa7t'/ ? ? ¿tsl- '+Ø) 22.7'\ , z-/ / zzz'* T1 \ z '(g,r<+ta.o) (ø.es * lts<) . (zqs)(zr,z) = 6€0 o' f C , éço o, ( o,zoÒ*//ù. /3a K P,, tut(rco*)=zo2K Nok ! S,lro- Ço- col-.t 1ecJ n"/ ¿e ,/oco/"o/ J (, PROJECT Ct1 Qatag s4¡cpcr{ -çrbh'æ, a EI{ÐIG COI.E ÀNCHITE TS h:, a CTTERRY PåRSKY ENG¡NEENS P,.A¡¡Ñ;Ri cartst¿/-caof + 1# stÁ,< cJu-,-, z/aô7a - 36 % PRorEcTNo E ê ZO/ Z /c ,ol DwG. DATE 5-4 : g Z REV DATE ù(-l\L.¿ DWN BY ,. ,<rvL DRAWINGNO t? �Co/. e ''o" ft¿Å (ons/a./ron 7.)nl + ) 4!4" Tbt& a (-. PRoJECI' Ç 4n òn DRAMNGTITLÊ S/alzo:n 6Ua// Opcntnç al Êa¡/ EnJ r PRoJECI'NO g2O/ Z g- *-ez RËV DATE aî itla¡/ ,{art//àa Tahn¿/ caÀr DRAMNGNO. É ETI'ING COI.E CHERRY PåRSIñT ÀNCHTTECTS ENG¡NEERS PtÀ¡¡NERS DWG. DATE DWN. BY K. /</ lanv 6o �tro' ZaZ* (z.gS) 10n+ . 46/'Ê-, I f.i 3 ¡ !o' I ç ? 4 r+ ¿t/lrl-,oá, coa¿¡</e /72- I Con¿,/qs;zo,n PROJECT ¡ 4i I é t' , 3.67' ( é,so')'= a ^ llt /?, ? {/' / ?l' hs/ ' r/z<"¿//, {L, ryuæJ L 2t 7ae 'ô/., ç Q,u¡) C. l- 3.67 ' Cl39an<. 6'-6' < 4nrcn S/qlr¿e 4 -- o, a Ë. /æJ on ¡l g2O/Z as Ànc¡rnEcrs Exc¡r¡¡uns pu¡¡ñin¡ È/), z PRorEcrNo EÚIIING COI.E CHER T PåRSKY / 7Z ,a ,4cr /s// (Co*oro/,,t) t r/ ¡T -- zt? ß/t 3rooo /si : Mo// can s-a77*/ /?.q t12 DWG. DATE {- RgV. DATE SCALE DwN BY DRAWINGNO. k. ¡r', /o 6/ 4 - 6Z �ao- ¿Q ¿ ? U".¿ Fr*n,n7 'J Con, f 's,on ' T/¿ luao capoJ/e. J /s /- /- le.rtor<J- a!4 a -ç/r-.4*/ -<7t1,-ol so¿po+,y p..ør7Ír!t"¿ /- ,;tL/¿"/. tb/ Z' - ZO¡o ,/ dt' tr/æe s*1e/ /ec/ þ 1/2" ¿orr¿æ-4 S/rr./u,o/ E'g a o"o7lr/t" ,/¿ us_D d/ e7u' vaþnJ 9e./ -. DL o.o+?'ht' Ø>É,. o.o ò< r/r tb Za. . o.o47 ,/4' )¿cL Zr¿= O. /ZZk/l/. : €, d Eo-o,.- fu4Í l,{)r¿. 14 O, / ZZ'/il- (5,oo'), O. á/o k/4t ¿5,O k'/ -- û)/2 '/? fl, ' 30 t'' Ð Sto"o.. 4/Jr/rono/ øo4. ! cal focle* /4 €onr-S' ¿toi/ # Su¡VrL kan'ts Sa /-"., "o, 8nJ7- þ¡au,J rZ ùkl // -/z-43 PRoJECT /,/rtron DRAMNGTITLE S/or¿ra, , ^ r/-an7/nq áalem€l7f PRorECrNo. DwG DArE é4-gZ REV. DATE q/^À f tr EWING COI.E CHERRY PÀNEilTT ÀRCHITECÎS ENGINETRS PI.ÀI{}TENS 8ZO/Z DWN. BY DRAMNGNO. 6Z �I Basement Framing 3f CUT POCKETS IN CONC. WALL SO THÀT TOP OF NEW SLAB IS EVEN \+IITH -6t roP oF Exrsr. sLÀî tr11 rxlSunc WÀLL __f- -l +l fi o tt o x II t\ o (\l I I ão r{ = I I @ I w/2n-20GA 4-L/2n CONC. LOK FORIT{ GÀLV. DECK BY USD OR &. w/6x6-10/10 TEtDED WIRE F AB irl lC õ (l.i| a EDGE OF coNc. wALL NQTE: EXIST ÀREÀS OF N SHÀLI BE fl (o WOOD FRÀII{ING IN SLAB & BEÀl{ CONST. -l (vt I NI +l 6 I o x ñ¡ o I { o I Fl 3 õ (\it r¡f, I ':I 31-0r t2r-6t -ì I ær-9t 20f-9r 20r-9r æ'-9t æ'-9t, N¡ORT1T + BRrcK �I �I I p-/.r4¡n¿ /o"J an ¿ê/. 'F ¿. zaoT//" < " (ø .o') = 6 ?. ak 41 8)/z 4 'l= { - /5'- o Asc¿-, il 4 )</lax p3 /. S ,(!, 22.€Ð z4't Frr/.ûo-t? latsso,t ,$ ."r,n7 frc,ssuae A?e âo /un, /"J Pa= 66k z a4- ,íss,¡ne. 4'-6 é êsssot. ó z t¿ C.r r"on -y'- C . 27 x 27 lr¿'ù- t ê,8 î'*Z.zrzx o.t = I -- C ç, * I /? 6 .4-/ 7,? î ^ ztt' PRorECl' /nø, Sfzy'tor, PROJECTNO. DI¿\WINGTITLE Ðryc cor.EcrrEmYPånsKY åncH¡TECfS EñGt¡rE¡ns puxñÈnì t¿rF Szat 2 < g 4' DWG. DArE ¿të é-7 F2 REV DAÎE qaÀr tr D\ATÀI. BY - DRAMNGNO- G4 �West Shore Removal L- NC. WÀLL+ EXIST 5I. It ts zg-L/ T X GE It T.UP GIRDER T wEB 29- /2!'x3/8" \f 8* FLANGE S US 3'rx1 -7 z I z-t/zx3-L/2x3/4 P. () EXIS REMO 1'-0 @ TOB . COL. IS EXCE 57 FOR OP ATT CHED PRES c\t q o tt) SHC l\ \: O rn T rf) rl) Fl Él NORTH SHORE 1 I 2. 3. I I I { I I l i .i l 4. S. + INSTÀLL ÀLL TYPE ? A,B,C IONS EXIS CONN'S W/ SIDE CLIP ANGLES. WELD co NNECTIONS TO W14x257 COL AND EXIST. BEÀMS. ( TYPE. 2 CONNTS A S PER AMERCIÀN INSTITUTE NN oF STEEL CONSTRUCTION ) REMOvE THi r.O sgCMENT Or THE PREVIoUSLY EXIST. col " STiLL ATTÀCHED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BMS. -SHonlnc Às REQUIREÐ T9- IN STALL NEW INSTÀLL NEW TEMPOR.Anv NEW CAiSSON,4''6IN DIAì{ETER BY COL. F, W1ó$g ÈV 15'-O LONç Ol.¡ 28'-0 LONG - THIS wlll. niõuing REMovAL oF wEsT PoRTIoN oF - PRESENT SHORE SYSTEM SHOWN INSTÀLL ÉL-ÀM b-,- ure*E5, DiREcTLY BELo\^ ExiST' BMS & SHiM TIGHT. CONI!. fO Ñerr COi-. F ÀNÐ EXISTING W14x?57. REMOVE NEh TEMPCRÀR} SHORES ÀND BALANCE OF "PRESENT SHORiNG". �I East Shore Removal z 7 EXIST. CCNC. WÀLL r-l I (7) i-l (\¡ Fl 4 r-0 c o rf,) rl) 0 4 B PRESE COL SHORE È{ ST. BUIL .UP 29-7/?u GE 2h. P, -1/2'txI GIR.D /8u x3/4 I NORTH ê EAST SHORE REMOVAL PROCEDURE 1. REMOVE EXiSTING CONNECTIONS AT A , B , C, &D . INSTALL ALL TYPE 2 CONNECTIONS WITH SIDE CLIP ANGLES BY WELDING 2. REMOVE SHORES (TYPE 2 CONN'S ÀS PER AMERICAN INSTITUTE oF STEEL CONSTRUCTTON). I �s/- / ,lc¿rs /ro.n -7 ,4+ ;t { ;r 3L !a aq P.4. V.l { ao t s k| N C l I I zôL?' L PRoJEcr ././n¿on DRAMNGTTTLE PP.tr S:t'oràn PROJECTNOá 2,-/ ¿ ¿Vl 2 - E Fra_rry ,Z l?2. REV. DATE I DRAMNGNO SCAIE EWING COI.E CHERRY PÀRSI{Y ANCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS PLAT¡NENS DWc. DATE- Dl^äV. BY k,rv Jaly 67 �t' lctn+. I f-\ r' /,/ /oc ps! ÐL I l/pc.,! Czn¿.¿ ß/ 24 7:J 4 ,.¡ /a 3f'{ 7 fol /"o/ slee / À. -/ ¡ ¡- 9 \abv< srø¿e n ) Zô ,¿t/ e¿4. I 4. =,/O9r3{ Zr¿'LU = O. zoo %t' ( ¿,qz) . /,s9 11' /, ga "/ t Zæ ,"{ */, ( zçö)7a . /oâ¿-t R- / ss"/ ( /2,Ð, /z P û',/8* ?ó hr' /37 ''/ z, ? 2 Ð.2 Z*/72'.34,-çÀ 6,?z P P /1'34s^ ( a,rz')- ZJ7,-, b24,7ê lJ,- t- PRoJEcr ./,,/nton ÐRAWING n PROJEÇI'NO. rw-efp,y¿r Fro.n EWING COI.E CHERRY PARSKY ANCHITECTS ENGINEERS Pi"ANÑ;Ri 8¿otz DWG' DA'E t/2,/e' RSV DATE qr.Àf tr D\^/Î\t. BY DRAWINGNO ,?.r<l ' !1i/, 6E ''a �Corl' tu P. A zærk+" ( zto') ( zo, a) = /oq.^ ârru* .2= zu' ¡22/O^ Ê, 47 742 r ã,"¿o)on /1u// <,/ &ts/,h2 C PRoJEcr L fuáoo Pê,v e Front)r .4nro. DRArMNGTmE pRorECiNo E2olZ lr/eZ REV DATE DRAW]NGNO. SCAIE ENNNG COI.E SHERRY PåNSKT ARCHITE TS ENGINEENS PLA¡¡ilENS DwG. DArE D\A4N. BY k // lo.ry 67 on �P.A.V.E. Framing i I -'- J +l o EXIST ( _t rfl OF F NEW BEÀM sr. col. TO o !l o tt o !t @ EXIST ) æ GO x c\l ! æ'-9t 20r-9t 20r-9t NEW BEÀ¡¡f 20t-9t x x TO EXIST GIRDER d 3 ' 20t-9t' NEW GIRDER TO EXIST. COL. lrr**f Ix t Ix æ I CO Fl 3 = ¡ft t\l o rt x o r-l 3 **Ïr+ 1/2n CONC. SLAB LOK FORM GÀLV. USD OR ED /2n-20 GA. DECK BY & w/6x6-10/10 F AB f2{x?6 cots TYP. INTERIOR BAY fl o I I -1 BE l I at rl ��,, ç/-+ Cr,irno/ ).y'<-' 7 t *;< íu77ar1 eLa ,Þor4,c, tþ co-p kLJ t, ë c¿/anaJ<, i I i H.. stz *'' ûr o{ Co¡oo,( aL" 3 tùZl'7é Pfl TW) 6 (.e.çz (ez, '') r)'()o , t) z 6s .0. 32. f{ / ' atl/0,2' ,Ue, Fs¡anaol< ln. L Pr /0'o' l'J /a.4 sg /rsu-e ?.ça' e7c:a/ Z4-T8o' tf<' @ ,3)ø 39.lt' I l; /72, )n" , ', ã -- o.é ' 3 37n' = /28 , fl. ' \ /72 n, ( t?,s Z^) .Ðe*rzr-), 4 D¿ ,l: Vr"- e ,P /za rrf - eE4 t' /+) \tz ( _ru= 6en ,-/ - ,y'./.s ô.) Sy../.rp t Po."e/ Dft ooz) f,// 4ái t tbs¿,,/a/,o;, ( ./,7.i,/,.i .¿,"n.,) l/.y' / /s'¿/tt' ' ,t' ( 2,7r,+o,1. ,on". ) , 2t-/ö/, -/ òþe/ 7. ¡r, PROJESI //rtion DRAWINGTITLE S#tòn Ed + ê<so-Ztl,rr <7 a -! - \'¿ P.t 7, PRoJEcrNo €ZOIZ ÀNCHIÎECTS ENGII{EENS PI.ÀN¡IEiS ÐWG. DATE RE\l DATE aôuE-e, E$NNG COI.E CHERRY PåRSKT 2", Z/a ,otí DRAMNGNO SCALE Dl¡/t\I. BY k.r{' lona s/s/a z �2é,7' P €oní 5+2' A. Z/a Yft'. /o, e \ Z./?'/ l D Ê I z./**/ (zÇ,z)(t-'2--:-*l) = 33.7È 3 ?. /' n, s3.+f P¿. / ( /e.* - âtà\ I , --ã- ,/o,2' 3s.?._(ff,. *3tg ' L ßo ?2./l ? 3/. /î Z?.êL ?¿k(.,o.n,) + at ß( Za,4') * 2q./-, ( rq.o,) = 47+A 3?.s^ /3/? , 32.4n+3/./a * 22â< - 47.**. +fl = 4ó.7' ("o./')'3s.1'(n.+'). PROJECI /nron DIIAWINGTITL9 Ço/ta\ 46.7* h€t'' DWc DAIE PROJECI'NO. Ftkl F/ Frazuæ ,ãasl Ez/ é ûnbnt=e- Ett'ING COI.E CHERRY PåËKY åNCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS PLAI¡NENS f/sl/¿ REV DATE DRAMNGNO. SCALE DWN BY lr( /one 7Z �tcan I I ( ./ Z /ao ps{ Cr/eol o./ I /¿ l*o, п ex,írL,ry 4.sg' ./¿ r, D¿ ¿. l-oa êê ./oo ç. f. e2 aJ Cnokrs 24 lsF (r,,) â psî l,/e o""l (n") f /",t. 4A (z-) f.l /o ¡</ /l"E , Z ¡'/ r+e/ 7r.f @rs{ lpià/rl ' gz. '- /-<'' o /14, z U./ âoo ?SF con¿. (z ") L, ó-ac = o, zæ 7r+' ( s,4,) ' eog Ê/tt f/' ?.os PROJECI' A( sç^ç)/a, ,an.en sz / *., > Za* -//' J ldltan "-, PROJECTNO. DRAWINGTNLE q-Àf PLÀ¡ìIÑÈáS _r/</a z REV DATE ¿,¿rse ryl|nlc COLE CHERRy PåRSKr ÀNCHITECTS ENG¡NEENS Dwc. DArE tr DWN. BY DRAMNGNO. k.t(. /a.ta 73 â-; �€anl F,år. s/"n d*g ,nJ,.o/.s /,Æren/ mernþ. Pro- '-n.t \N y'Áo, 7+.rso /3f1: tB &" Ja3 zç h -¡1 no4 N \ \ \ ìt é.é "e/+" 4ao /n ç .¿, .L o,37<;kt. s'43 . V/o/. (_, #'' orTLr [-<. ? L- 3 + /ê.q (Z-ù'f a .-J . ?,ooo nr /a+oo r"* , /O,ato n* , d78 n2 ,/.1 I fl.' ße*,n,n¡ ,tQt ' a /, / s7B n' ca¡ac, 34tt' (/z,a^/,r') /-tl-) ' /2' ./ t /j ? 14- z'' 7 6ol F"' 751n' - 6olx''i'1?"' w.,,?affi, . ,/.gg /, '¿rfo,;$ æ>nai-,^¡ 1- suppor / /tto/t ..) t PRoJEcl' .., S/a/tc" F/ Fan,bç DRAMNGTITL9 Ær-l E¿¡l Fz/ ol 4¿Lrouræ //n,on PROJECTNO SÍþ/Az REV. DATE DRAMNGNO SCALE ETI'ING COI.E CHERRY PåNSKT ÀNCHIÎECTS ENG¡NEEPS PLÀT{NENS Dwe D^18 DWN. BY K. r\/' Lone 71 �I ¿qt) Fat Ur a/ 8u, Corro "| r"n o / f+pn*r/e 8*n N l'N I rb E r'Ä-y Yo_l¿oo Frornrno tu lt I $ .ö \r I \l -l r I ."$ ù\ù\ JL \ -.t \\ ñ h C" \. n"l e2a7 âohl ,b /"// v/ r'n ,nþs 4/-ro, excc.trt*< ao,oont I o{ t/o-, f ùr þaro k.n /e4 o, #e- ,æ/¿. c) $ a. s.' \ q ¿ooo./ro,.t unacceprL/,/e. 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MATEFIAL PAGE NO.-OF-PAGES SUB CCNÍRACT LABOF EXTENSION c 0 0 I ¿ ¿ ô -t 0 ,J q I 3 ,4 ^ 0 I o € 2- ¡.ô 5o I a zè ô t l6 t I 0,'Ì (s, ê l. .r lô I a a g3E )o 0 , ¡6 u ( l) ,(- It OJ ú Þ U 0 Ò TOTALS FOnM ú ¡agtf !ÎÀMoæ&,4uAF.{J.ær q �l r I I r r t il il I ,l i,l :J J I I I I I �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engineering survey of Union Station : Appendix B : structural and cost calculations Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Engineering--Surveys Description An account of the resource Prepared for the Federal Railroad Administration. In addition to a <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6046" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Engineering survey of Union Station : Summary">summary</a>, the <em><a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6100" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Engineering survey of Union Station">Engineering survey of Union Station</a>&nbsp;</em>also contains <a href="https://ddotlibrary.omeka.net/files/show/6102" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Appendix A : investigative report">Appendix A : investigative report</a>. Please note: This report includes irregularly-sized pages. If the report is not visible, try scrolling to the right or left or using the zoom in (+) or zoom out (-) functions in the PDF viewer window. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ewing, Cole, Cherry, & Parsky Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 12, 1982 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource United States. Department of Transportation United States. Federal Railroad Administration Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b3aeef86f71a90baf0ce4e0ee68e4c74.pdf?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Is4W%7EM4apq9CmOblEV5M1-9z2GKHXRhHaxOnTKPFDdf94bTNQ15zf12YY3NUVDlObu1%7Eklqn3lJkdV2bCYZIq5eyWCy8ZazaUKA9NWa1cOxz59YVIE9qYcyCq0VVCu9PnAiRPUslwprT5eIdQi0gxYyCESUFcuj565VL7Lm5-nhelYFDb6ybYTbNd0mwJ0A6AQ1Y-Y6F-e9JsMOSPGpL3f%7EGM-GCdu5cvh9e3JxorAiK7nZn-jxXTMWMiGhPVCKgc%7EiBHTFtcW4Iqw-N3ERnWW8BEhzCrkChoamiDFFKhlsQ3vJbxP%7EM0Sl6XqcvF2dr2qAz7CWaqTYYlnHSaMfM7Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e95364f1411ad1a73ccc2ba4d7ccb8c4 PDF Text Text REVIEW ARY COP EU N T TR O PLANNING AND PROGRAMMING DEPT. OF HIGHWAYS AND TRAFFIC GOVT. OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA SC.cff DEVELOPMENT PLANS �n n n n n n c • • o Q O D O C D D D G D U U u u ��UNION STATION TRANSPORTATION CENTER STUDY Under t h e S u p e r v i s i o n o f THE NATIONAL CAPITAL PLANNING COMMISSION and THE INTER-AGENCY STEERING COMMITTEE S e c r e t a r y of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n S e c r e t a r y o f Housing & Urban Development Secretary of the I n t e r i o r The Postmaster G e n e r a l The G e n e r a l Manager o f t h e Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n Area T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y The Commissioner o f t h e D i s t r i c t o f Columbia The Chairman o f the N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission �- ^ST% T ^onu^ T Spo PHASE II-REPORT4 FINAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN & PROGRAM REVIEW P r e p a r e d by CONKLIN & ROSSANT, A r c h i t e c t s & P l a n n e r s , New York C i t y and a s s o c i a t e d c o n s u l t a n t s BARTON-ASCHMAN ASSOCIATES, T r a n s p o r t a t i o n P l a n n e r s , Chicago HAMMER, GREENE, S I L E R ASSOCIATES, Economic P l a n n e r s , Washington, D. C. MARVIN L. MANHEIM, RICHARD DE NEUFVILLE, JOSEPH H. STAFFORD, T r a n s p o r t a t i o n A n a l y s t s , Cambridge, M a s s a c h u s e t t s �n n • n n a • a • • • • j • • • J J • j �C O N K L I N & ROSSANT 251 P A R K N.Y., N.Y. A V E N U E S O U T H 10010 212 777-2i2o October 29, 1970 Dr. G. F r a n k l i n Edwards A c t i n g Chairman N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission 726 J a c k s o n P l a c e Washington, D. C. Dear Dr. Edwards: The accompanying r e p o r t , which i s the f o u r t h i n a s e r i e s , completes the second and f i n a l phase o f the Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r Study and i s submitted i n f u l f i l l ment o f the requirements o f the c o n t r a c t e x i s t i n g between the N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission and our f i r m . S i n c e the completion o f our f i r s t phase recommendations w i t h Report No. 3, a p l a n f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i n combination w i t h the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center and a major Arena f a c i l i t y a t Union S t a t i o n has been sponsored by o t h e r s independent o f t h i s study. T h i s p l a n i s reviewed here i n terms o f i t s long range impact on the development of the Study Area and the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n needs of Washington i n the f u t u r e , u t i l i z i n g the b a s i c i n f o r m a t i o n and f i n d i n g s developed p r e v i o u s l y i n t h i s s t u d y . T h i s r e v i e w and a n a l y s i s i n c l u d e s two a l t e r n a t i v e 1985 p l a n s d e s c r i b e d and e v a l u a t e d i n t h i s r e p o r t . These two p l a n s a r e d i f f e r e n t i a t e d by v a r y i n g f i r s t s t a g e approaches to the development o f the land a r e a now occupied by r a i l road t r a c k s . One o f these a l t e r n a t i v e s f o l l o w s c l o s e l y �the p l a n proposed by o t h e r s f o r the a i r - r i g h t s development o f the t r a c k a r e a between Union S t a t i o n and L S t r e e t f o r major p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g the Memorial Arena. The o t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e proposes t h a t the m a j o r i t y o f the t r a c k a r e a not be developed u n t i l such time when the r a i l road t e r m i n a l can be r e l o c a t e d and the t r a c k s removed. T h i s second a l t e r n a t i v e , which shows an arena l o c a t i o n on the land now occupied by the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , has the p o t e n t i a l f o r a l l o w i n g the Study Area i n the f u t u r e to r e t u r n t o a r o l e more i n keeping w i t h t h a t e n v i s i o n e d by the Commission's own Comprehensive P l a n . I n the t r a f f i c a n a l y s i s s e c t i o n of t h i s r e p o r t , t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s are a n a l y z e d , one o f which i n c l u d e s the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s p r o p o s a l , each w i t h i t s own s e t o f t r a f f i c assignments. I n t h i s a n a l y s i s , those i n t e r s e c t i o n s prone t o c o n f l i c t s and c o n g e s t i o n w i t h time have been p i n p o i n t e d f o r f u t u r e r e f e r e n c e . Again we must thank the Inter-Agency S t e e r i n g Committee and your s t a f f f o r t h e i r a s s i s t a n c e and c o o p e r a t i o n . W JC: m m WILLIAM J . CONKLIN AIA J A M E S S. ROSSANT AIA WILLIAM H. R O E H L AIA RAYMOND BOLTON AIA W A L T E R P. BOGNER AIA �CONTENTS GRAPHICS L I S T OF TABLES INTRODUCTION 1 FUTURE TRANSPORTATION ROLE OF THE STUDY AREA 13 MARKET POTENTIALS & LAND USE RECOMMENDATIONS 31 DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES 49 CIRCULATION PLANS 79 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 125 APPENDIX 131 �GRAPHICS Figure 1 Site Figure 2 F u n c t i o n a l Areas Figure 3 Ground T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Figure 4 P o t e n t i a l VTOL/Rail Center Locations 29 Figure 5 P o t e n t i a l Development Areas 59 Figure 6 H S t r e e t , Looking E a s t From North C a p i t o l 63 Figure 7 Alternative 'A', Stage I 67 Figure 8 Alternative 1985 'A*, U l t i m a t e P l a n 69 Figure 9 Alternative 'B*, Stage I 71 F i g u r e 10 Alternative 1985 'B', U l t i m a t e P l a n F i g u r e 11 A e r i a l Photograph 9 11 System Major Study Area Elements H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e 21 73 83 �F i g u r e 12 C i r c u l a t i o n System, H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e 85 F i g u r e 13 H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e 1985 S i t e Generated T r a f f i c 89 F i g u r e 14 E x i s t i n g D a i l y T r a f f i c Volumes 91 F i g u r e 15 1985 Non-Site T r a f f i c 93 F i g u r e 16 H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e , T o t a l T r a f f i c Requirements 95 F i g u r e 17 H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e Freeway Access to and from North 97 F i g u r e 18 H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e Freeway Access to and from South 98 F i g u r e 19 H S t r e e t Overpass A l t e r n a t i v e Freeway Access Non-Auto 99 F i g u r e 20 Alternative Plan 'A' 1985 C i r c u l a t i o n 105 F i g u r e 21 Alternative Plan 'B' 1985 C i r c u l a t i o n 107 F i g u r e 22 A l t e r n a t i v e A' 1985 S i t e Generated T r a f f i c 112 F i g u r e 23 A l t e r n a t i v e 'B' 1985 S i t e Generated T r a f f i c 113 F i g u r e 24 A l t e r n a t i v e 'A' T o t a l Land Requirements Traffic 114 F i g u r e 25 A l t e r n a t i v e 'B' T o t a l Lane Requirements Traffic 115 f �F i g u r e 26 Comparative A n a l y s i s of the Three C i r c u l a t i o n P l a n s Reviewed 116 F i g u r e 27 Alternative Patterns 'A' Freeway Access 122 F i g u r e 28 Alternative Patterns ' B' Freeway 123 F i g u r e 29 P o t e n t i a l VTOL L o c a t i o n s A-8 F i g u r e 30 FAA H e l i p o r t Approach/ Departure Paths A-15 Access �LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 P r i v a t e O f f i c e Space Development C e n t r a l Washington 34 TABLE 2 T o t a l O f f i c e Space Demand f o r Study Area by 1985 37 TABLE 3 E s t i m a t e d 1985 S i t e Generated Traffic 86 TABLE 4 E s t i m a t e d 1985 S i t e Generated E q u i v a l e n t P.M. Peak Hour T r a f f i c Volumes 111 TABLE 5 Comparison o f A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B w i t h I n i t i a l Problems 118 TABLE 6 R e l a t i v e Comparison o f A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B 119 �n n n n i J n • l J n • �INTRODUCTION �INTRODUCTION T h i s F o u r t h Report concludes the Second Phase of the T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Study f o r Washington, D.C. under the s u p e r v i s i o n of the N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission. T h i s Study, which was i n i t i a t e d two y e a r s ago, has produced t h r e e F i r s t Phase r e p o r t s to date documenting f i n d i n g s and recommendations concerned w i t h the p o t e n t i a l of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r to be l o c a t e d i n the v i c i n i t y of Union S t a t i o n i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia. The geographic base f o r t h i s Study i s an a r e a d e f i n e d i n the c o n t r a c t of some 770 a c r e s e x t e n d i n g from the lawns of the N a t i o n a l C a p i t o l to Rhode I s l a n d Avenue two m i l e s to the n o r t h . T h i s a r e a f o c u s e s on the u n d e r - u t i l i z e d r a i l t r a c k zone c o n n e c t i n g Union S t a t i o n a t the south w i t h the r a i l r o a d s t o r a g e and maintenance y a r d s n o r t h of New York Avenue, but a l s o i n c l u d e s w i t h i n i t s e a s t west b o u n d a r i e s , s i g n i f i c a n t p o r t i o n s of two urban r e newal housing communities and one urban r e n e w a l employment a r e a . Beyond t h i s d e f i n e d geographic base, t h i s Study has a l s o been concerned w i t h a much l a r g e r f u n c t i o n a l base d e a l i n g w i t h twelve d i f f e r e n t t r a n s p o r t a t i o n systems and t h e i r recommended r o l e w i t h i n the Study Area as r e l a t e d to the f u n c t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s of the r e g i o n a l network. Previous Findings The F i r s t Phase had i t s b e g i n n i n g s i n a g e n e r a l Methodology Report e s t a b l i s h i n g the methods to be used i n the whole Study, as w e l l as d e s c r i p t i o n s of the e x i s t i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n systems which a r e of concern. T h i s was f o l l o w e d by a Second Report which e s t a b l i s h e d the f u t u r e t r a v e l demand of the v a r i o u s modes, the economic p o t e n t i a l of the geographic a r e a under a n a l y s i s , and the e v a l u a t i o n of t e n a l t e r n a t i v e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r development proposals. The a n a l y s i s of these a l t e r n a t i v e s lead to a 2 1 �s p e c i f i c recommended development p l a n i n Report 3 which concluded the F i r s t Phase. A c t i o n s i n r e l a t i o n to the recommended p l a n have s i n c e a l t e r e d the l o c a t i o n of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n t e r m i n a l s , however, the u n d e r l y i n g o b j e c t i v e s behind the p l a n form the b a s i s of the a n a l y s i s c o n t a i n e d here. The g e n e s i s of t h i s p l a n r e f l e c t e d the c o n v i c t i o n t h a t high t r a f f i c g e n e r a t o r s should be s u f f i c i e n t l y s e p a r a t e d to maximize the p o t e n t i a l of freeway a c c e s s and to p r e v e n t o v e r l o a d i n g of the e x i s t i n g s t r e e t system a t any one l o c a t i o n . I n r e v i e w , t h i s p l a n c o n t a i n e d t h r e e major elements: A s o u t h e r n node i n the v i c i n i t y of Union S t a t i o n composed of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r , P o s t O f f i c e , h o t e l s and commercial o f f i c e s ; a n o r t h e r n node f o u r b l o c k s away a t the i n t e r s e c t i o n of New York and F l o r i d a Avenues, of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r and arena complex; and as the t h i r d element, a c o n n e c t i n g s p i n e of i n s t i t u t i o n and community r e l a t e d development along the e x i s t i n g r a i l r o a d r i g h t - o f way. To c a r r y out t h i s p l a n , the Report recommended the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a s p e c i a l purpose p u b l i c a u t h o r i t y w i t h c o n t r o l over the components. The development o b j e c t i v e s documented by t h i s p l a n i n cluded : - s u r r o u n d i n g of the V i s i t o r Center w i t h an e n v i r o n ment and development c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i t s f u t u r e importance i n the c i t y of Washington. - removal of the b l i g h t i n g i n f l u e n c e of the exposed railroad tracks. - p r o v i s i o n of s i t e s f o r f a c i l i t i e s and housing which w i l l be of g r e a t b e n e f i t to the a d j a c e n t r e s i d e n t i a l areas. - l o c a t i n g a l a r g e arena f a c i l i t y to s e r v e the e n t i r e Washington r e g i o n . �- s t r e n g t h e n i n g Washington's t r a d i t i o n a l downtown by p r o v i d i n g a much needed anchor to the e a s t , and to some e x t e n t , r e s t o r i n g the c e n t e r of downtown by b a l a n c i n g the p u l l of the C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue uptown area. - r e s t o r i n g to u s e f u l n e s s and d i g n i t y a l a r g e a r e a w i t h i n s i g h t of the N a t i o n ' s C a p i t o l . Although t h i s Report f o l l o w s i n n u m e r i c a l sequence the p r e v i o u s r e p o r t s d e s c r i b e d , i t i s s e p a r a t e d from them i n time by a y e a r ' s i n t e r v a l . During t h i s i n t e r v a l , the i n t e r e s t aroused and a t t e n t i o n f o c u s e d on the development p o t e n t i a l s f o r the Study A r e a , c a t a l y z e d i n t u r n , o t h e r development i n i t i a t i v e s by v a r i o u s i n t e r e s t groups i n c l u d i n g the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n companies. One of t h e s e , a p l a n sponsored by the Washington T e r m i n a l Company, p r o poses the l o c a t i o n of a r a i l and i n t e r - c i t y bus t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n as p a r t of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r p r o j e c t . T h i s proposed c e n t e r l o c a t i o n which has been approved by the P l a n n i n g Commission, determines a t the onset of t h i s s t u d y phase a s e t of p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s reviewed here i n terms of t h e i r impact on the development o b j e c t i v e s f o r the Study Area. Thus, t h i s R e p o r t , a l though s e q u e n t i a l i n s e r i e s , d i f f e r s from the p r e v i o u s phase Reports i n emphasis. The emphasis here i s not on the p l a n n i n g and d e s i g n of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i t s e l f , but r a t h e r on recommending g u i d e l i n e s f o r the f u t u r e development of the Study Area and a n a l y z i n g the impact of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r p l a n sponsored by o t h e r s . I n making t h i s a n a l y s i s , the r e a l c o n c e r n w i l l be developing the a p p r o p r i a t e g u i d e l i n e s and recommendations which w i l l encourage the t o t a l Study Area development f o r the s h a r e d b e n e f i t of the l o c a l r e s i d e n t s , t o u r i s t s , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n mode p a t r o n s , Study Area employees, and D i s t r i c t of Columbia i n t e r e s t s . 4 �Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center Plan The d e t a i l e d program of the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n should be noted. The Washington T e r m i n a l Company has i n t r o d u c e d i n t o i t s N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center agreement w i t h the N a t i o n a l Park S e r v i c e , the a d d i t i o n of an i n t e r - c i t y bus t e r m i n a l to the p a r k i n g and r a i l t e r m i n a l a i r - r i g h t s f a c i l i t i e s planned immediately to the north of Union S t a t i o n . The T e r m i n a l Company p l a n s to b u i l d a bus f a c i l i t y of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 68 dock p o s i t i o n s to be l e a s e d , when completed, to T r a i l w a y s and Greyhound, which w i l l r e p l a c e the e x i s t i n g inadequate f a c i l i t i e s a t the i n t e r s e c t i o n of New York Avenue and 12th S t r e e t N.W. In order t o p r o v i d e f o r t h i s added element, the o r i g i n a l p l a n s f o r the V i s i t o r C e n t e r complex have been m o d i f i e d . C u r r e n t designs prepared by the V i s i t o r Center A r c h i t e c t s now i n c l u d e the f o l l o w i n g : the r e n o v a t i o n and c o n v e r s i o n of the e x i s t i n g Union S t a t i o n T e r m i n a l b u i l d i n g to accommodate a v i s i t o r o r i e n t a t i o n and i n f o r m a t i o n c e n t e r i n accordance w i t h the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r F a c i l i t i e s Act of 1968. The e x h i b i t i o n s , movies and shows to be housed a r e expected to draw i n the range of 50,000 to 70,000 t o u r i s t s to the c e n t e r on a peak day by 1985. a V i s i t o r Center p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y f o r u l t i m a t e l y 5,200 c a r s and 80 t o u r buses i n the a i r - r i g h t s behind Union S t a t i o n w i t h primary ramp a c c e s s from Union S t a t i o n P l a z a . The ramps provided w i l l not o n l y s e r v e the p a r k i n g garage, but the d r o p - o f f s f o r the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n t e r m i n a l s and V i s i t o r Center. a new r a i l r o a d passenger s t a t i o n i n the c e n t e r of the p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e over the t r a c k s , to r e p l a c e existing terminal f a c i l i t i e s . This railway terminal w i l l be open a t i t s n o r t h and south ends to permit expansion of i t s concourse l e v e l northward i f f u t u r e a i r - r i g h t s development should occur. �an i n t e r - c i t y bus t e r m i n a l under the e a s t e r n h a l f of the garage and i n t h e a i r - r i g h t s over t h e lower l e v e l t r a c k s . T h i s new t e r m i n a l i s planned t o s h a r e w a i t i n g room and concourse f a c i l i t i e s w i t h the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l one l e v e l above. an Eisenhower Memorial Arena, c o n v e n t i o n and e x h i b i t i o n f a c i l i t y l o c a t e d i n t h e a i r - r i g h t s above the t r a c k s between H and L S t r e e t s , i n accordance w i t h the l e g i s l a t i o n i n t r o d u c e d i n Congress by R e p r e s e n t a t i v e J . T. B r o y h i l l of V i r g i n i a . The program f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y i s based on a f i v e month s t u d y by B o o z - A l l e n and Hamilton. T h e i r r e p o r t proposes a f a c i l i t y t h a t would p r o v i d e f o r a wide range of c o n v e n t i o n , e x h i b i t i o n , s p o r t i n g e v e n t s , and o t h e r p u b l i c a d m i s s i o n shows f o r a p r o j e c t e d a n n u a l attendance of 3.5 to 4 m i l l i o n p e r s o n s . T h e i r program c a l l e d f o r a 250,000 square f o o t e x h i b i t i o n a r e a , 31 meeting rooms w i t h a t o t a l c a p a c i t y o f 12,800 s e a t s , a main a r e n a of 17,500 permanent s e a t s , v a r i o u s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n and r e s t a u r a n t f a c i l i t i e s and p a r k i n g f o r 4,000 c a r s . The B o o z - A l l e n & Hamilton r e p o r t a c t u a l l y c o n s i d e r e d f i v e a l t e r n a t i v e l o c a t i o n s i n d e t a i l f o r such a f a c i l i t y w i t h i n the d i s t r i c t , among them, the H S t r e e t t r a c k air-rights. The p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n of these s i t e s found them a l l t o be p o t e n t i a l l o c a t i o n s and t h e i r r e p o r t recommended t h a t the p r e f e r r e d s i t e be s e l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e a c t u a l p l a n n i n g phase o f t h e f a c i l i t y construction effort. Although a f i n a l s i t e f o r t h e arena complex f a c i l i t y has not been s e l e c t e d , Congressman B r o y h i l l ' s l e g i s l a t i o n focused on t h i s t r a c k a i r - r i g h t s s i t e as t h e most a p p r o p r i a t e l o c a t i o n due t o i t s p r o x i m i t y t o the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and v i s i t o r c e n t e r development. B o o z - A l l e n & H a m i l t o n recommended t h a t t h i s arena comp l e x f a c i l i t y , t h e c o s t s f o r which were e s t i m a t e d t o be i n t h e range o f $60 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s , be developed 6 �by a n o n - p r o f i t c o r p o r a t i o n who would i s s u e development bonds and manage c o n s t r u c t i o n . Under t h i s a r r a n g e ment, they s a i d t h a t the f a c i l i t y should be l e a s e d to the D i s t r i c t of Columbia f o r an annual amount e q u a l to the debt s e r v i c e r e q u i r e m e n t s . T h e r e f o r e , the f a c i l i t y w i l l become the p r o p e r t y of the D i s t r i c t upon r e t i r e m e n t of the bonds. - the replacement of the e x i s t i n g H S t r e e t v i a d u c t w i t h an overpass to p r o v i d e a d d i t i o n a l a c c e s s to the a i r r i g h t s p a r k i n g and t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s as w e l l as a c c e s s to the arena a i r - r i g h t s development. The p l a n s f o r the e l e v a t e d H S t r e e t i n d i c a t e t h a t the e n t i r e w i d t h of the s t r e e t would be ramped up over the t r a c k s s t a r t i n g j u s t s h o r t of North C a p i t o l S t r e e t on the west and ending neard 3rd S t r e e t on the e a s t . The e l e v a t e d l a n e s r e a c h a n o r t h e r n e n t r a n c e p l a z a to the t e r m i n a l s a t e l e v a t i o n +82 or 54 f e e t above the e x i s t i n g l e v e l of H S t r e e t i n the t u n n e l . T h i s p l a z a i s 16 f e e t above the bus t e r m i n a l l e v e l . I t i s proposed t h a t a l l buses e n t e r i n g the bus t e r m i n a l w i l l use the new e l e v a t e d s t r e e t and ramp down i n t o the t e r m i n a l . The e l e v a t e d s t r e e t w i l l a l s o p r o v i d e concourse l e v e l e n t r a n c e s to the back s i d e of the r a i l t e r m i n a l and p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s , and d r o p - o f f f o r the a r e n a . - the r e l o c a t i o n of the proposed r a p i d t r a n s i t p l a t f o r m s of the Union S t a t i o n s t o p northward under the w e s t e r n p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e to b e t t e r s e r v e the a i r - r i g h t s development. While c e r t a i n elements of t h i s p l a n are s t i l l i n the prop o s a l s t a g e and s u b j e c t to change, the l o c a t i o n of the bus t e r m i n a l , r a i l t e r m i n a l , v i s i t o r c e n t e r p a r k i n g and the r e n o v a t i o n of Union S t a t i o n , are f i x e d by P l a n n i n g Commission action. �] A B i l l i n t r o d u c e d i n Congress to commit the a i r - r i g h t s arena f a c i l i t y to a more d e t a i l e d study was not approved. T h e r e f o r e , the l o c a t i o n of t h i s f a c i l i t y w i t h i n the Union S t a t i o n a r e a should be the s u b j e c t of f u r t h e r analysis. The Washington T e r m i n a l Company's t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r p l a n c o n s o l i d a t e s the p r e v i o u s recommended d u a l node development between New York Avenue and Union S t a t i o n i n t o a s i n g l e a i r - r i g h t s complex a d j o i n i n g Union S t a t i o n . This Union S t a t i o n complex p l a n has t h r e e a s p e c t s . First, i t p h y s i c a l l y combines the V i s i t o r C e n t e r w i t h a new downtown t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r and has the p o t e n t i a l of adding a major r e g i o n a l arena and e x h i b i t i o n f a c i l i t i e s . Second, i t w i l l be of c o n s i d e r a b l e economic b e n e f i t to the r a i l r o a d s who w i l l l e a s e or s e l l 25 to 30 a c r e s of t r a c k a i r - r i g h t s as a major p u b l i c i n v e s t m e n t . T h i r d , the i n d i v i d u a l mode o p e r a t o r s should b e n e f i t from i n c r e a s e d patronage by t h e i r p r o x i m i t y to the n a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r which could draw i n the range of 70,000 persons per day d u r i n g the peak t o u r i s t season by 1985. T h i s Report assumes the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n as a g i v e n element f o r r e v i e w . I n t h i s review p r o c e s s the 1985 r e g i o n a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r o l e of the Union S t a t i o n Center i s a n a l y z e d ; i t s impact on the Study Area f u t u r e economic p o t e n t i a l i s p r o j e c t e d ; development a l t e r n a t i v e s f o r s p e c i a l o p p o r t u n i t y s i t e s are proposed; and a l t e r n a t i v e t r a f f i c c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s are a n a l y z e d . The c o n c l u d i n g s e c t i o n of t h i s Report weighs the e v a l u a t i o n s from the p r e c e d i n g a n a l y s i s , and makes s p e c i f i c recommendations to guide f u t u r e P l a n n i n g Commission a c t i o n . The b a s i c focus i n making t h i s a n a l y s i s and recommendations i s s e v e r a l o v e r - r i d i n g p u b l i c i s s u e s and concerns r e l a t i n g to the u l t i m a t e development of the Study Area as f o l l o w s : Over-riding Public I s s u e s and Concerns R e s t o r i n g to u s e f u l n e s s the land a r e a now occupied by r a i l r o a d a s s o c i a t e d land u s e s . The photograph i n F i g u r e 1 o p p o s i t e i l l u s t r a t e s the e x t e n t of the land a r e a devoted to r a i l r o a d t r a c k s and f a c i l i t i e s 8 ) �SITE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH CCLUS ho5 �South of New York Avenue t o Union S t a t i o n t h e r e are 5 1 such a c r e s , and n o r t h of New York Avenue an a d d i t i o n a l 98 a c r e s w i t h t h e Study Area boundary. I n t h i s n o r t h e r n p o r t i o n these t r a c k s a r e 30 t o 40 f e e t below the l e v e l o f New York Avenue, thereby e a s i l y accommodating a i r - r i g h t s development. Howe v e r , south of New York Avenue, due t o t h e p e c u l i a r topographic low p o i n t a t H S t r e e t , the e n t i r e t r a c k bed i s r a i s e d 20 to 30 f e e t above e x i s t i n g grade, making a i r - r i g h t s c o n s t r u c t i o n f o r the p r i v a t e sponsor l e s s e c o n o m i c a l l y f e a s i b l e w i t h i n the Washington 90foot height l i m i t . Report #2 i n d i c a t e d t h a t t r a c k demand f o r passenger s e r v i c e w i l l d e c r e a s e to a p p r o x i mately 12 p l a t f o r m t r a c k s i n t h e f u t u r e , although passenger volume was p r o j e c t e d to i n c r e a s e . This r e d u c t i o n , coupled w i t h the f a c t t h a t the t r a c k s a r e e l e v a t e d , i m p l i e s p l a n n i n g f o r e s i g h t to avoid b u i l d i n g to u n d e r - u t i l i z e d r i g h t s - o f - w a y o r a t e l e v a t i o n s above grade where s u c c e s s f u l t r a n s i t i o n s t o e x i s t i n g s t r e e t l e v e l s and b u i l d i n g h e i g h t s a r e d i f f i c u l t t o achieve. B a l a n c i n g and g u i d i n g o f the o v e r a l l f u t u r e Study Area development t o accommodate the needs and f u n c t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s of w i d e l y v a r y i n g i n t e r e s t groups w i t h i n a s m a l l a r e a . These i n t e r e s t s range from those of the v i s i t o r and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n mode p a t r o n s on the one hand t o t h e l o c a l community r e s i d e n t s on the o t h e r . F i g u r e 2 i l l u s t r a t e s the v a r i o u s urban renewal p r o j e c t s which o v e r l a p w i t h t h e Study Area, as w e l l as the land a r e a p o t e n t i a l l y a v a i l a b l e f o r development, the b u l k of which i s owned by t h e r a i l r o a d s . Not emphasized by t h i s drawing but of major importance, i s the concern f o r p r o v i d i n g a s u i t a b l e l o c a t i o n and s e t t i n g f o r t h e proposed Eisenhower Memorial Arena. T h i s f a c i l i t y , depending on the s i z e of t h e u l t i m a t e program s e l e c t e d , w i l l r e q u i r e a land a r e a i n t h e range of 6 t o 15 a c r e s . 10 ��3. I n c r e a s i n g b l u e c o l l a r j o b s by encouraging the development o f new in-town employment o p p o r t u n i t i e s w i t h in the D i s t r i c t . The New York Avenue C o r r i d o r i s e s p e c i a l l y s u i t e d f o r t h i s type of development, being r e l a t i v e l y s h i e l d e d from o t h e r u s e s by the n a t u r a l t e r r a i n and p o s s e s s i n g e x i s t i n g m a n u f a c t u r i n g facilities. 4. Improving and enhancing the q u a n t i t y and q u a l i t y o f s e r v i c e i n terms o f v e h i c u l a r a c c e s s to and through the Study Area. The b a l a n c i n g of t h e q u a l i t y o f v e h i c u l a r s e r v i c e w i t h i n the Study Area i n v o l v e s a concern w i t h the c o n f l i c t i n g f u n c t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t s of v i s i t o r t r a v e l , i n t e r - c i t y and l o c a l bus r o u t e s , t r u c k and s e r v i c e a c c e s s , through t r a f f i c r e q u i r e m e n t s , and p r e s e r v i n g t h e l o c a l s t r e e t q u a l i t y of s e r v i c e i n s e l e c t e d r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s . Although the s o u t h e r n h a l f of the Study Area i s bounded a t i t s w e s t e r n edge by the C e n t e r Leg Freeway, and b i s e c t e d i n the middle by the proposed New York Avenue Freeway, a c c e s s to the Union S t a t i o n a r e a must depend on the l o c a l s t r e e t system. 5. P r o v i d i n g the proper e f f i c i e n t and d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n s between the i n t e r - c i t y and l o c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n systems. Freeway a c c e s s and d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n s to the r a p i d t r a n s i t system a r e the most i m p o r t a n t i n g r e d i e n t s f o r the proper f u n c t i o n i n g of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r w i t h i n the r e g i o n a l i n t e r f a c e ( t r a n s f e r ) system. 12 �FUTURE TRANSPORTATION ROLE OF THE STUDY AREA �FUTURE TRANSPORTATION ROLE OF THE STUDY AREA The f o c u s of t h i s study has been the p l a n n i n g f o r a major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t y i n the c e n t r a l p a r t of Washington, D.C. I t has a l r e a d y been e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t s i n c e the i n c e p t i o n of t h i s s t u d y , d i r e c t i o n s have so changed i n the Study Area t h a t a new s e t o f " p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s " have been s e t based on t h e p r o p o s a l t o develop a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n . I n t h i s s e c t i o n the g e n e r a l o b j e c t i v e s and g o a l s f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a r e r e v i e w e d ; t h e f u t u r e r o l e and f u n c t i o n to be performed by the c e n t e r proposed i s a n a l y z e d ; and the p o t e n t i a l s f o r o t h e r f u t u r e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n improvements a r e c o n s i d e r e d . T h i s l a t t e r item i n c l u d e s the p o t e n t i a l f o r an i n t e r - c i t y VTOL f a c i l i t y . By i t s n a t u r e , p l a n n i n g r e q u i r e s t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of a s e t of o b j e c t i v e s o r p u b l i c p o l i c i e s which precede a d e c i s i o n to c o n s t r u c t a major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n improvement. T h i s means t h a t p l a n n i n g p r o p o s a l s a r e recommendations t o guide the p u b l i c and p r i v a t e i n t e r e s t s so as to a c h i e v e an u l t i m a t e p l a n which responds t o g e n e r a l p u b l i c as w e l l as f u n c t i o n a l transportation goals. T h e r e f o r e , g o a l s and o b j e c t i v e s a r e the y a r d s t i c k s by which an e n t i r e p r o j e c t may be measured. Transportation Objectives A p r i m a r y v a l u e o f t h e p r e c e d i n g work under t h i s s t u d y , as c o n t a i n e d i n Reports No. 1 through 3, has been to i d e n t i f y and recommend a s e t of o b j e c t i v e s f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . G e n e r a l p u b l i c u n d e r s t a n d i n g o r knowledge o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r s i n v o l v e s a c e r t a i n m i s c o n c e p t i o n of what a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i s , and where i t f i t s i n the r e g i o n a l system. The e v a l u a t i o n o f a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r and i t s v a r i o u s f u n c t i o n s , based on d a t a d e s c r i b i n g e x i s t i n g t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s , has i d e n t i f i e d what the proper view o f the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r should be. The b a s i c f i n d i n g has been t h a t t h e r e a r e c l e a r l y two major groups of 14 �o b j e c t i v e s or goals f o r a transportation center. These concern f i r s t , i t s p u r e l y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f u n c t i o n s , and second, a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r as a land use. The l a t t e r r e l a t e s t o the f a c t t h a t a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r c a n have both a p o s i t i v e and n e g a t i v e impact on t h e s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a . I t g e n e r a t e s a c t i v i t y which improves g e n e r a l i n v e s t m e n t p o t e n t i a l , but a t t h e same time, being a l a r g e s c a l e development, i t consumes v a s t land a r e a s and i n c r e a s e s l o c a l t r a v e l demands. Thus, t h e g o a l f o r t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r as a land use must r e l a t e to i t s being planned t o p o s i t i v e l y i n f l u e n c e the land use p a t t e r n s and a c t i v i t i e s i n t h i s a r e a o f C e n t r a l Washington. As t h e s e i s s u e s a r e d i s c u s s e d i n o t h e r s e c t i o n s of t h i s Report, t h e concern here i s w i t h t h e former g o a l ; t h a t a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r must be a f a c i l i t y to p r o v i d e a p l a c e f o r t r a n s f e r r i n g from one mode o f t r a v e l t o another. The t r a n s p o s i n g o f t h i s g o a l i n t o a s e t o f p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s r e q u i r e s t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e b a s i c n a t u r e of a transportation center. I t i s e s s e n t i a l l y a key element i n the i n t e r f a c e system. T h i s system s e r v e s as an i n t e r m e d i a r y or t r a n s f e r system between t h e i n n e r - c i t y t e r m i n a l modes and t h e i n t r a - c i t y o r l o c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n systems. Thus, t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r c a n c o n t a i n components o f highways, airways, r a i l l i n e s , rapid t r a n s i t , truck terminals, parking and p e d e s t r i a n ways. According t o t h i s b a s i c u n d e r s t a n d i n g of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r , i t c a n be seen t h a t t h e f u n c t i o n of t h e f a c i l i t y i s one o f t r a n s f e r movement s e r v i c e t o a passenger from one mode t o another. The b a s i c concern here i s w i t h t h e i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l e r going from an o r i g i n w i t h i n t h e Washington a r e a to a d e s t i n a t i o n i n another m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a o r v i c e v e r s a . I n such a t r i p , t h e t r a v e l e r w i l l u s e i n t e r - c i t y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s t o t r a v e l between c i t i e s , but i n h i s t o t a l t r i p from door t o door, he w i l l a l s o u s e i n t r a - c i t y f a c i l i t i e s (such as bus o r auto) to g e t t o o r from t h e i n t e r - c i t y facilities. From t h i s v i e w p o i n t , t h e b a s i c problem i s one of p r o v i d i n g an a p p r o p r i a t e , e f f e c t i v e i n t e r f a c e o r c o n n e c t i o n between these v a r i o u s l i n k s i n t h e t o t a l t r i p . The o b j e c t i v e s f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r , which w i l l d e f i n e the r o l e i t i s to play i n t h i s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f u n c t i o n , can �be s y s t e m a t i c a l l y i d e n t i f i e d v i a t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h t h e v a r i o u s groups o r u s e r s t h a t might be a f f e c t e d o r might use such a system o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s . These groups are as f o l l o w s : A. E x t e r n a l O r i g i n and E x t e r n a l D e s t i n a t i o n : inter-city t r a v e l e r s whose o r i g i n and d e s t i n a t i o n i s not i n Washington, D.C. , but come from one c i t y on an i n t e r - c i t y mode o r r o u t e t o t r a n s f e r t o another i n t e r - c i t y mode o r route. B. I n t e r n a l O r i g i n and I n t e r n a l D e s t i n a t i o n : t r i p s which have t h e i r o r i g i n s and d e p a r t u r e s w i t h i n t h e Washington m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a and a r e concerned p r i m a r i l y w i t h t h e use o f t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r as a p o s s i b l e t r a n s f e r p o i n t from one i n t r a - c i t y mode t o another. I n p a r t i c u l a r , these t r i p s may take advantage o f t h e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s or other s e r v i c e s a t the center i n a d d i t i o n to t r a n s f e r r i n g i n t h e i r t r i p from o u t s i d e t o i n s i d e a r e a s of the r e g i o n . C. I n t e r n a l t o E x t e r n a l : t r i p s which t r a v e l between Washington, D.C. and some o t h e r c i t y u s i n g an i n t e r - c i t y t r a n s f e r f a c i l i t y such as a i r , bus, r a i l , o r auto p a t r o n s which t r a n s f e r t o an i n t r a - c i t y ( l o c a l Washington) mode i n order to reach t h e i r f i n a l d e s t i n a t i o n . Therefore, f o r s e r v i c e t o t h e s e t h r e e groups o f u s e r s , the o b j e c t i v e s f o r the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n center include the following 1. E s t a b l i s h m e n t of e f f i c i e n t c o n n e c t i o n s between i n t r a c i t y and l o c a l modes i n o r d e r to minimize time l o s s . 2. P r o v i s i o n of t r a n s f e r f a c i l i t i e s between compatible i n t r a - c i t y modes ( c o m p a t i b i l i t y i n c l u d e s both c o s t and time c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ) . Where no d i s c e r n i b l e demand f o r t r a n s f e r between a p a i r o f modes e x i s t s , t h i s s e r v i c e should not be c o n s i d e r e d s i g n i f i c a n t . 3. B a l a n c i n g o f t h e system. A t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r should be t h e key l i n k between t h e v a r i e t y o f 16 �t r a v e l modes p r o v i d i n g a means by which the b a l a n c i n g of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n system can be achieved. 4. 5. A i d i n e f f e c t i n g an e f f i c i e n t f l o w o f o n - s i t e t r a f f i c , i n c l u d i n g post o f f i c e t r a f f i c , o t h e r t r u c k i n g t r a f f i c , and baggage movement. 6. Minimize t r a v e l c o s t f o r the u s e r . 7. Encourage t h e use of t h e proposed Washington m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a r a p i d t r a n s i t system. 8. Previous Transportation Center Findings P r o v i s i o n of proper l i n k a g e s between modes t o reduce t r a f f i c demands i n the c e n t r a l a r e a and i n t h e i n t e n s e a c t i v i t y a r e a s where e x i s t i n g t r a f f i c demands a r e a l r e a d y v e r y high and u s i n g the system t o i t s c a p a c i t y . P r o v i d e l i n k a g e s t o o t h e r c e n t e r s i n the r e g i o n a l i n t e r f a c e system. The Study Area t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r should be viewed as one element of the system o f r e g i o n a l c e n t e r s t h a t would be l i n k e d v i a elements of the i n t r a - c i t y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n system as i t s e x i s t s or v i a some type of new mode. The l i n k a g e s between t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r s should be such so t h a t each c e n t e r could o f f e r the same p o t e n t i a l f o r i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l s e r v i c e . The e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e achievement of these o b j e c t i v e s by the proposed s e t of p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s which d e f i n e the l o c a t i o n and g e n e r a l o r g a n i z a t i o n of the Union S t a t i o n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i s what w i l l i d e n t i f y the f u t u r e r o l e of t h a t f a c i l i t y . However, b e f o r e proceeding w i t h t h a t e v a l u a t i o n , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to r e s t a t e some key f i n d i n g s t h a t were developed from our a n a l y s i s of the a l t e r n a t i v e l o c a t i o n s and mode combinations f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i n Washington. S i n c e these f i n d i n g s 17 �p r o v i d e an to v a r i o u s p r o v i d e an proposal. i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of the o b j e c t i v e s w i t h respect t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a l t e r n a t i v e s , they may e a s i e r means by which t o measure t h e c u r r e n t These p r e v i o u s f i n d i n g s were as f o l l o w s : 1. The t r a n s f e r demand between i n t e r - c i t y modes seems n e g l i g i b l e . However, t h i s c o n c l u s i o n was based on l i m i t e d and perhaps, i n s u f f i c i e n t i n f o r m a t i o n to i d e n t i f y the amount of t r a n s f e r r i n g t a k i n g p l a c e between e x i s t i n g i n t e r - c i t y modes. A l s o , i t i s d i f f i c u l t to e s t i m a t e the induced t r a n s f e r demand which c o u l d be generated by improved, c o n v e n i e n t mode i n t e r connections. The g r e a t e s t p o t e n t i a l , n a t u r a l l y , would e x i s t f o r modes o f f e r i n g s i m i l a r types of s e r v i c e i n terms o f c o s t and speed. T h e r e f o r e , i t seems r e a s o n a b l e t h a t o n l y high-speed ground t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and a i r t r a v e l i n the n o r t h e a s t c o r r i d o r f o r t r i p s o f moderately s h o r t l e n g t h s ( l e s s than 400 m i l e s ) w i l l r e a l l y r e a l i z e t h i s p o t e n t i a l . Other r e l a t i o n s h i p s of i n t e r - c i t y modes o f f e r i n g d i s s i m i l a r s e r v i c e r e l a t i o n s h i p s a r e l e s s important. 2. The combination of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r and a v i s i t o r c e n t e r along w i t h induced new land use developments w i l l c r e a t e l a r g e v e h i c u l a r t r a f f i c volumes and peak p a r k i n g demands i n and around the a r e a of the Union S t a t i o n . The s t r e e t system i n the v i c i n i t y of the Union S t a t i o n w i l l e x p e r i e n c e heavy t r a f f i c loads generated by t h e V i s i t o r Center a l o n e , even w i t h o u t adding a major t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . Theref o r e , Report No. 3 concluded, t h a t t o t h e e x t e n t f e a s i b l e , i t i s not d e s i r a b l e t o c o n c e n t r a t e a l l i n t e r - c i t y t r i p s a t a s i n g l e p o i n t but t o develop some means by which t o d i s t r i b u t e these t r i p s over a larger area. 3. Because o f t h e s i g n i f i c a n t p o t e n t i a l use o f t h e freeway network f o r a c c e s s t o and from the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r system, convenient or d i r e c t freeway a c c e s s to t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r should be p r o v i d e d . 18 �T h i s i m p l i e s t h e u s e o f a minimum l e n g t h of l o c a l s t r e e t s f o r the connection. I n t e r - c i t y bus t r a v e l e r s a r e f r e q u e n t u s e r s of t h e c i t y t r a n s i t system. Thus, i t i s d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e i n t e r - c i t y bus t e r m i n a l t o be near t h e t r a n s i t system or more s p e c i f i c a l l y , w i t h d i r e c t a c c e s s t o s t a t i o n s of t h e proposed r a p i d t r a n s i t system. There i s a s i g n i f i c a n t range o f u n c e r t a i n t y i n t h e f u t u r e growth of demand f o r a l l modes, p a r t i c u l a r l y a i r and r a i l . While demand f o r any one mode may be u n c e r t a i n , t h e u n c e r t a i n t y w i l l be much l e s s f o r a l l modes i n t o t a l . Therefore, a transportation center d e s i g n should p r o v i d e f o r t h e s h i f t i n g demands among modes i n order t o reduce t h e r i s k of h a v i n g e i t h e r e x c e s s o r inadequate f a c i l i t i e s . The e v a l u a t i o n c r i t e r i a which should be used t o judge the d e s i r a b i l i t y of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r l o c a t i o n and t h e c e n t e r p l a n a r e as f o l l o w s : a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Freeway a c c e s s . L o c a l s t r e e t c a p a c i t y t o handle t h e t r a f f i c generated by t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . Access t o t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r from t h e g e n e r a l a r e a s t r e e t system. The p r o p o r t i o n o f l o c a l t r i p ends l o c a t e d i n the c e n t r a l a r e a f o r t h e v a r i o u s i n t e r c i t y modes. The t r u c k t r a f f i c p a t t e r n s e x i s t i n g and generated. R e l a t i v e engineering c o s t s . The p o t e n t i a l f o r i n t e r - c i t y mode t r a n s f e r s . O v e r a l l space c o m p a t i b i l i t y . E x p a n s i o n p o t e n t i a l i n response t o i n c r e a s i n g t r a v e l demands beyond f o r e c a s t s . 19 �Union S t a t i o n Transportation Center The t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p l a n r e p r e s e n t e d by the new p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s r e f e r r e d t o e a r l i e r i s one whereby a t r a n s portation center including i n t e r - c i t y r a i l , i n t e r - c i t y bus, p a r k i n g and r e g i o n a l r a p i d t r a n s i t a r e i n c l u d e d w i t h i n one f a c i l i t y l o c a t e d contiguous to Union S t a t i o n . F i g u r e 3 shows the r e l a t i o n s h i p of t h i s c e n t e r to the r e g i o n a l network. A p o t e n t i a l secondary t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r f a c i l i t y i n c l u d i n g only p o s s i b l y a VTOL f a c i l i t y would be l o c a t e d west of the t r a c k s j u s t south of New York Avenue. The primary node of t h i s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r would be superimposed over the proposed N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r Center to be c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h i n Union S t a t i o n . Thus, t h i s amended v e r s i o n of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r s p l i t s some of the f u n c t i o n s a p a r t w h i l e c o n c e n t r a t i n g more a c t i v i t i e s i n Union S t a t i o n . P a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s would be l o c a t e d w i t h i n the main s t r u c t u r e of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center B u i l d i n g ; the amount of p a r k i n g would be designed t o s a t i s f y V i s i t o r Center p a r k i n g demands. No s p e c i f i c space has been provided f o r t h a t p a r k i n g demand generated by r a i l s t a t i o n , i n t e r - c i t y bus s t a t i o n , and r e l a t e d a c t i v i t i e s . The v e h i c u l a r a c c e s s to t h e combined f a c i l i t y as c o n t a i n e d i n the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n , would be from the l o c a l s t r e e t system w i t h primary a c c e s s being provided by H S t r e e t and Massachusetts Avenue. D i r e c t or n e a r l y d i r e c t a c c e s s from the Center Leg or North C e n t r a l Freeway System would be a v a i l a b l e v i a the use of H S t r e e t from the Center Leg Freeway o n l y . The p l a n d i d not propose any n o r t h e r n connections to the freeway system. Another major f a c i l i t y i s conceived of being b u i l t i n the same geographi c a l a r e a , t h a t i s , the Eisenhower Memorial Arena which may be l o c a t e d as an a i r - r i g h t s development over the r a i l road t r a c k s between H S t r e e t and K S t r e e t . T h i s f a c i l i t y would be s e r v e d by the same s t r e e t a c c e s s system as the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center Complex. 20 ��F u t u r e T r a v e l Demand The p o t e n t i a l f u t u r e use f o r e c a s t f o r a Study Area t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r has been the s u b j e c t of a n a l y s i s r e p o r t e d i n Reports No. 2 and No. 3. Based on t h i s i n i t i a l work, an e s t i m a t e of 1985 t r a v e l demand was prepared which i n d i c a t e d the p o t e n t i a l maximum t r a v e l which might be s e r v e d by a s i n g l e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . I n summary, these demands were as f o l l o w s : Rail: 18,000 to 20,000 two-way person t r i p s a day. I n n e r - C i t y Bus: 29,000 to 32,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. A i r V/STOL: 8,000 to 9,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. A i r Limousine: 16,000 to 17,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. V i s i t o r C e n t e r : 70,000 person t r i p s per day. Review of these f o r e c a s t s has i n d i c a t e d t h a t these f u t u r e t r a v e l demands would be reduced by v i r t u e of the p o t e n t i a l implementation of a system of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r s . S p e c i f i c a l l y , i t i s a n t i c i p a t e d t h a t high-speed r a i l s e r v i c e would be a v a i l a b l e a t Lanham a t the edge of the Washington r e g i o n ; i n t e r - c i t y bus s t a t i o n s probably w i l l be a v a i l a b l e along the B e l t w a y ; a i r a c c e s s r a i l s e r v i c e w i l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r t r a v e l to F r i e n d s h i p A i r p o r t i n B a l t i m o r e ; and o t h e r t o u r i s t s ' c e n t e r s w i l l be developed i n a d d i t i o n to the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n . These p o t e n t i a l s a t e l l i t e c e n t e r s w i l l s e r v e p a r t of t h i s demand, t h e r e f o r e , the e s t i m a t e d m o d i f i e d demand a t a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r l o c a t e d i n the v i c i n i t y of Union S t a t i o n would be as f o l l o w s : Rail: 14,000 to 15,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. I n n e r - C i t y Bus: 15,000 two-way p e r s o n t r i p s per day. A i r V/STOL: 8,000 to 9,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. A i r Limousine: 9,000 to 10,000 two-way person t r i p s per day. V i s i t o r Center 50,000 person t r i p s per day. 22 �Role of the Union S t a t i o n Center With these changes, the r o l e of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n does change s l i g h t l y . With r e s p e c t to the i n d i v i d u a l i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l modes, the r o l e of t h i s c e n t e r would be as f o l l o w s : a. Rail Travel: the Union S t a t i o n f a c i l i t y w i l l s t i l l s e r v e the t r i p s d e s t i n e d or o r i g i n a t i n g i n the c e n t r a l a r e a of Washington and t h e r e f o r e , be the most important r a i l t e r m i n a l i n the r e g i o n . The s t o p s to be l o c a t e d a t the B e l t w a y , both f o r the high-speed s e r v i c e between Washington and New York C i t y and o t h e r B e l t w a y s t o p s f o r r a i l s e r v i c e to and from the south w i l l i n c r e a s e the commuter r a i l r o l e f o r the Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r . The l a t t e r i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t i n s o f a r as the l o c a l mode c o n n e c t i o n s a r e concerned. Rail commuters w i l l most l i k e l y tend to be g r e a t e r u s e r s of l o c a l bus and r a p i d t r a n s i t f o r d i s t r i b u t i o n from Union S t a t i o n , whereas, the i n t e r - c i t y r a i l t r a v e l e r s may tend to use t a x i s and autos to a much l a r g e r e x t e n t . b. I n t e r - c i t y Bus T r a v e l : the f u t u r e development of o t h e r i n t e r - c i t y bus s t a t i o n s , p o s s i b l y t i e d i n w i t h a i r - r i g h t s f a c i l i t i e s over Freeway system ( B e l t w a y or even o t h e r r a d i a l r o u t e s ) w i l l not change the f u n c t i o n of the i n t e r - c i t y t e r m i n a l a t Union S t a t i o n . The impact w i l l merely be one of r e d u c i n g the volume of t r a v e l to be handled a t Union S t a t i o n . The imp a c t on i n t e r c h a n g e between l o c a l modes may be modif i e d to the e x t e n t t h a t those u s i n g the Union S t a t i o n f a c i l i t y w i l l probably be more dependent upon l o c a l t r a n s i t d i s t r i b u t i o n and the suburban bus s t a t i o n s w i l l be almost t o t a l l y dependent upon auto a c c e s s as the l o c a l mode. c. T o u r i s t C e n t e r : the p r o x i m i t y to the N a t i o n a l V i s i t o r C e n t e r as p r e d i c t e d i n p r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s of t h i s Study w i l l r e i n f o r c e the use of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . The l a t t e r t h e r e f o r e , would not be changed 23 �by moving the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r c l o s e r t o the V i s i t o r Center. The appearance of o t h e r t o u r i s t s ' c e n t e r s would p o s s i b l y decrease the t r a v e l load to be e x p e r i e n c e d a t t h i s s i t e . I t i s dependent upon the s c a l e and s e r v i c e s provided a t these o t h e r centers. I n a d d i t i o n to the above, two o t h e r modes not provided f o r a t the Union S t a t i o n C e n t e r should be d i s c u s s e d . These a r e V/STOL and a i r l i m o u s i n e . V/STOL: Report No. 2 a n a l y z e d the p o t e n t i a l f o r a V/STOL p o r t i n t h e Study Area. T h i s Study concluded t h a t STOL has too many c l e a r a n c e and n o i s e r e s t r i c t i o n s to f i t r e a s o n a b l y i n t o a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r development i n the Union S t a t i o n a r e a , and t h a t VTOL, other than h e l i c o p t e r may a l s o s u f f e r from n o i s e impact r e strictions . T h i s Report c o n t a i n s , i n the Appendix S e c t i o n , a f u r t h e r a n a l y s i s of the p o t e n t i a l s i t e s f o r an i n t e r c i t y VTOL f a c i l i t y w i t h i n the Study Area. These a r e , one, a t the i n t e r s e c t i o n of F l o r i d a and New York Avenues; two, n o r t h of New York Avenue i n the r a i l r o a d t r a c k Wye zone, and t h r e e , i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the t r a n s i t s t a t i o n and park and r i d e f a c i l i t i e s a t Rhode I s l a n d Avenue. The c o n c l u s i o n s reached from t h i s a n a l y s i s show t h a t a l l of these s i t e s w i l l have adverse n o i s e impacts on the s u r r o u n d i n g r e s i d e n t i a l communities, r a n g i n g from a s i g n i f i c a n t impact a t the Florida/New York Avenue i n t e r s e c t i o n , t o a s l i g h t impact a t the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s Wye zone s i t e . None of these s i t e s were found to cont a i n a i r - s p a c e problems, and t h a t ground a c c e s s could be b e s t provided a t Rhode I s l a n d Avenue. However, any of these s i t e s being i s o l a t e d from o t h e r p o r t i o n s of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n w i l l e f f e c t i v e l y e l i m i n a t e any p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r w i t h r a i l s e r v i c e u n l e s s the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l i s r e l o c a t e d i n the future. 24 �A l s o , i f planned as an i s o l a t e d VTOL f a c i l i t y w i t h out o t h e r mode t e r m i n a l s or development, the demand generated by VTOL p a t r o n s alone would not be o f s u f f i c i e n t magnitude to w a r r a n t s p e c i a l c o n n e c t i o n s to t h e r a p i d t r a n s i t system, e x c e p t a t Rhode I s l a n d Avenue. More i m p o r t a n t , a VTOL p o r t as a s e p a r a t e f a c i l i t y may not be f e a s i b l e as the c o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s f o r d e v e l o p i n g an a i r t e r m i n a l by i t s e l f becomes a c r i t i c a l f a c t o r i f t h e r e i s no p o t e n t i a l f o r s h a r i n g c o s t s w i t h another f a c i l i t y . e. A i r Limousine: The a v a i l a b i l i t y o f other a i r l i m o u s i n e f a c i l i t i e s w i l l c u r t a i l the use o f t h i s a r e a . The a v a i l a b i l i t y o f a l i m o u s i n g f a c i l i t y west of i h e downtown a r e a o f Washington and a i r a c c e s s r a i l s e r v i c e to F r i e n d s h i p could v e r y n e a r l y e l i m i n a t e the need f o r a i r and l i m o u s i n e s e r v i c e from t h i s p o i n t . I t seems l i k e l y t h a t the only u s e r s of such a f a c i l i t y would be those who would have l o c a l d e s t i n a t i o n s i n the e a s t p a r t o f the downtown, i n c l u d i n g C a p i t o l H i l l , who would f i n d i t to be c l o s e r i n terms of t r a v e l time, t o the Union S t a t i o n a r e a r a t h e r than t o some s i t e west of C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue f o r l i m o u s i n e s e r v i c e t o D u l l e s . Although the s e r v i c e between the two might be d i f f e r e n t i n t h a t the l i m o u s i n e s may have a s h o r t e r s e r v i c e headway. T h e r e f o r e , i t c a n be concluded t h a t an a i r limousine f a c i l i t y would not be a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d w i t h i n the Study Area except as a s m a l l s p e c i a l purpose C a p i t o l Area f a c i l i t y . The c o n c l u s i o n , based on these f a c t o r s , i s t h a t the proposed Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r w i l l not encourage the p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r between i n t e r - c i t y modes w i t h i n the f a c i l i t y , as the major p o t e n t i a l e x i s t s between high-speed r a i l and a i r s e r v i c e . I t w i l l s t i l l f u n c t i o n as a good t r a n s f e r p o i n t w i t h l o c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n modes h a v i n g d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n s t o t h e r a p i d t r a n s i t and l o c a l bus systems �I t s c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e freeway system however, i s somewhat weakened by t h e f a c t t h a t d i r e c t freeway a c c e s s i s not p o s s i b l e i n t h i s l o c a t i o n . The c r e a t i o n of t h i s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r as a land use g e n e r a t i n g high volumes of t r a f f i c c a n have s e r i o u s impacts on o t h e r a r e a s but does not n e c e s s a r i l y d i m i n i s h i t s r o l e as a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n center. Other P o t e n t i a l Study Area Transportation Centers Having a n a l y z e d t h e f u t u r e r o l e of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r at Union S t a t i o n , assuming e x i s t i n g p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n as the u l t i m a t e p l a n t h a t c a n be a c h i e v e d , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s i d e r whether t h e f u t u r e e n v i s i o n e d by t h i s p l a n i s t h e most d e s i r a b l e i n terms of o t h e r p o t e n t i a l s which could be realized. I n t h i s regard, a future a l t e r n a t i v e transport a t i o n p l a n should be mentioned, which would s t i l l accommodate the demand f o r e c a s t p r e v i o u s l y . T h i s 1985 p l a n assumes the Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center p l a n to be a f i r s t s t a g e which can be modified as development demand i n c r e a s e s and as t r a v e l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and mode s e r v i c e technology requirements change. I t a l s o assumes t h a t the c e n t e r p l a n now proposed w i l l be f l e x i b l e so t h a t mode s e r v i c e and r i g h t - o f - w a y requirements of the p a s t w i l l not i n h i b i t the p l a n n i n g o p t i o n s of the f u t u r e . T h i s new a l t e r n a t i v e proposes a p o t e n t i a l f u t u r e r e l o c a t i o n of the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l from Union S t a t i o n t o the New York Avenue a r e a i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h other f a c i l i t i e s and p o s s i b l y VTOL. As Report No. 2 i n d i c a t e d , t h e a c t u a l 1985 r a i l r o a d p l a t f o r m t r a c k needs f o r passenger s e r v i c e w i l l be a p p r o x i mately 3 0 % of the t r a c k s now a t Union S t a t i o n , or 12 t r a c k s , d e s p i t e a p r o j e c t e d modest growth i n passenger volume. T h e r e f o r e , the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l t r a c k zone requirements a t t h a t time w i l l be v a s t l y under what they a r e today, making r e l o c a t i o n more f e a s i b l e . I n considering this a l t e r n a t i v e , the bus and r a i l modes should be d i s c u s s e d i n terms of t h e p a t r o n s they i n t e n d to s e r v e . 26 �B e g i n n i n g w i t h the bus companies, i t can be a s s e r t e d t h a t they w i l l p l a y an i n c r e a s e d t o u r i s t and v i s i t o r r o l e i n the f u t u r e , and t h e r e f o r e , would augment and b e n e f i t from s h a r e d f a c i l i t i e s w i t h the V i s i t o r C e n t e r . As t h e i r p r e s e n t inadequate t e r m i n a l s a t 12th S t r e e t and New York Avenue demand an immediate s o l u t i o n , t h e i r i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n t o the soon to be c o n s t r u c t e d V i s i t o r C e n t e r answers t h i s need. On the o t h e r hand, the c o n n e c t i o n between the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l and the V i s i t o r Center i s of a secondary r a t h e r than p r i m a r y concern. Report No. 1 showed t h a t based on e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s , 1 1 % of the r a i l p a s s e n g e r s are v i s i t o r s to Washington i n c o n t r a s t to a p p r o x i m a t e l y 35% f o r i n t e r c i t y bus p a t r o n s . However, a high-speed r a i l t e r m i n a l i n combination w i t h a VTOL f a c i l i t y c o u l d p r o v i d e i n c r e a s e d p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r between i n t e r - c i t y modes f o r the 300 m i l e range, and i n c r e a s e d t r a v e l e r b e n e f i t s . These i n c l u d e the use of r a i l as a back-up s e r v i c e f o r VTOL a t comparable time and c o s t . On t h i s b a s i s , the long range t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a l t e r n a t i v e proposed i s f o r a f u t u r e r a i l and i n t e r - c i t y VTOL c e n t e r i n the New York Avenue a r e a w i t h the bus and V i s i t o r Center r e m a i n i n g a t Union S t a t i o n . The two p o t e n t i a l s i t e s f o r t h i s n o r t h e r n c e n t e r node a r e ; south of the i n t e r s e c t i o n of New York and F l o r i d a Avenues; or n o r t h of New York Avenue as p a r t of an a i r - r i g h t s development of the e x i s t i n g r a i l road t r a c k Wye zone. (See F i g u r e 4 ) . N a t u r a l l y , the u l t i m a t e s e l e c t i o n between these two s i t e s w i l l depend on t h e i r r e v i e w by the r a i l r o a d companies and a more d e t a i l e d s t u d y on VTOL n o i s e impacts. I f the c e n t e r l o c a t i o n a t New York and F l o r i d a Avenues were s e l e c t e d , a d i r e c t s t o p on the Metro system c o u l d be provided as proposed i n Report No. 3. North of New York Avenue a d i r e c t t r a n s i t s t o p would be more d i f f i c u l t to a c h i e v e . However, i f the c e n t e r i s p a r t of a l a r g e s c a l e development i n the New York Avenue C o r r i d o r , a bus c o n n e c t i o n along New York Avenue to the Metro system or the downtown c o u l d be planned. 27 �n New York Avenue R a i l & VTOL C e n t e r T h i s dependence on l o c a l bus and t a x i s e r v i c e does not seem unreasonable as Report No. 2 i n d i c a t e d t h a t i n t e r c i t y r a i l and VTOL p a t r o n s would use predominantly t a x i s , p r i v a t e a u t o s , and D.C. t r a n s i t buses f o r l o c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n , i n c o n t r a s t to i n t e r - c i t y bus p a t r o n s who would mainly use the Metro system. Two t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c t o r s f a v o r the Wye zone c e n t e r l o c a tion. The f i r s t f a c t o r i s t h a t the R a i l r o a d Company has a l r e a d y i n v e s t i g a t e d and acknowledged the p o t e n t i a l f o r a r a i l t e r m i n a l i n the Wye zone. Second, p r e l i m i n a r y VTOL a n a l y s i s concluded t h a t the adverse n o i s e impact of the R a i l r o a d Wye Zone s i t e would be l e s s than a t the F l o r i d a / New York Avenue s i t e , as i t i s f u r t h e r removed from the housing communities. I n e i t h e r c a s e , t h i s proposed r e l o c a t i o n of some of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n t e r m i n a l s to a New York Avenue c e n t e r would reduce t r a f f i c a t t h i s Union S t a t i o n C e n t e r and thereby improve i t s o p e r a t i o n s . Moreo v e r , once the t r a c k s south of L S t r e e t or New York Avenue are removed, new means of a c c e s s f o r bus and auto t r a f f i c coming from the n o r t h can be p r o v i d e d a t the n o r t h e r n end of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r development. T h e r e f o r e , t h i s Report recommends t h a t the o p t i o n f o r a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r i n the New York Avenue C o r r i d o r should be p r e s e r v e d . One of the development a l t e r n a t i v e s a n a l y z e d i n t h i s Report i n c l u d e s t h i s t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r d u a l node o p t i o n . 28 �POTENTIAL V-TOL/RAIL CENTER LOCATIONS 12 III is! 4 �n n n n n n o • • �MARKET POTENTIALS & LAND USE RECOMMENDATIONS �MARKET POTENTIALS AND LAND USE RECOMMENDATIONS The land use p a t t e r n i n the a r e a s u r r o u n d i n g the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r complex w i l l be determined u l t i m a t e l y by the d e c i s i o n s of d i v e r s e p r i v a t e and p u b l i c groups, but the o v e r - r i d i n g framework w i l l be p r o v i d e d by the market demands and the e x t e n t to which land becomes a v a i l a b l e . Market demands must be p r e s e n t , or c r e a t e d , but the potent i a l w i l l remain u n r e a l i z e d u n t i l t r a n s l a t e d i n t o development p r o j e c t s on s u i t a b l e t r a c t s of land w i t h due a t t e n t i o n to a c c e s s , r e l a t i o n s h i p to the environment, f u n c t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p to V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r a c t i v i t i e s and o t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . I n t h i s s e c t i o n the market f o r e c a s t s developed i n Phase I are r e v i e w e d , m o d i f i e d (where n e c e s s a r y ) , and r e l a t e d to r e c e n t developments and d e c i s i o n s c o n c e r n i n g the c h a r a c t e r of the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r complex. I n the n e x t s e c t i o n t h e s e market p o t e n t i a l s a r e r e l a t e d to the s p e c i f i c development p r o p o s a l s f o r the Study Area. Market P o t e n t i a l s f o r P r i v a t e Uses i n the Study Area The a n a l y s i s below i s e s s e n t i a l l y a summary of the f o r e c a s t s p r e s e n t e d i n Report No. 2 e x c e p t t h a t , 1) the i n f l u e n c e s on the market have been expanded to i n c l u d e those suggested by the B o o z - A l l e n & H a m i l t o n r e p o r t f o r the Arena/Convention C e n t e r f a c i l i t y , and 2) the geographic and s i t e a n a l y s i s has been more s p e c i f i c a l l y d i r e c t e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y toward the H S t r e e t - S t a n t o n P a r k a r e a . The f o r e c a s t s developed i n the paragraphs below r e p r e s e n t e s t i m a t e s of the maximum amount of each type of space use which can be supported i n the Study Area by the r e a l e s t a t e market d u r i n g the f o r e c a s t p e r i o d . The two a l t e r n a t i v e development schemes f o r the Study Area e v a l u a t e d i n the n e x t s e c t i o n w i l l have d i f f e r i n g e f f e c t s on the a r e a ' s a b i l i t y to c a p t u r e the maximum l o c a t i o n a l p o t e n t i a l der i v e d here. �Office Potentials Washington's o f f i c e market has d i s p l a y e d remarkable s t r e n g t h i n r e c e n t y e a r s . A m a j o r i t y of the new space b u i l t has been i n the c e n t r a l a r e a of Washington, a l though major suburban c o n c e n t r a t i o n s have developed i n outlying locations (Rosslyn, C r y s t a l C i t y , S i l v e r Spring, e t c . ) . Between 1960 and 1967, a t o t a l of 10,548,219 square f e e t of new space was b u i l t i n the C e n t r a l Employment Area ( C E A ) . Development f l u c t u a t e d a n n u a l l y over t h i s p e r i o d from about a h a l f m i l l i o n square f e e t i n 1962 to some 2,700,000 i n 1966. The prime CEA development a r e a has been the uptown a r e a c e n t e r i n g on C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue and K S t r e e t . Some t h r e e q u a r t e r s of the new space b u i l t s i n c e 1960 has been i n t h i s a r e a , and the demand c o n t i n u e s w i t h o u t l e t up. Land assemb l i e s a l r e a d y completed i n s u r e t h a t t h i s w i l l be the prime development a r e a f o r y e a r s , u n l e s s r e s t r a i n e d by zoning or o t h e r p u b l i c p o l i c y c o n t r o l s . As the major o f f i c e c e n t e r i n the D i s t r i c t u n t i l World War downtown c o n t i n u e s to absorb a s i g n i f i c a n t p a r t of a l l the new space c o n s t r u c t e d . S i n c e 1960, almost 1,400,000 square f e e t of new space was b u i l t i n t h i s a r e a . T h i s i s 13 p e r c e n t of the CEA t o t a l , and t w i c e the amount of p r i v a t e space b u i l t i n the Southwest Redevelopment A r e a over t h i s same p e r i o d . Only 3.27 p e r c e n t of the new space developed was l o c a t e d i n the C a p i t o l H i l l - T e r m i n a l Area which i n c l u d e the T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r Study Area. A complete breakdown of space b u i l t i n the C e n t r a l Employment a r e a between 1960 and 1967 i s shown i n the T a b l e 1 following. 33 �TABLE 1 PRIVATE OFFICE SPACE DEVELOPMENT - CENTRAL WASHINGTON 1960 - 1967 Square F e e t Percent UPTOWN 8,112,463 76.91% DOWNTOWN 1,379,444 13.08% SOUTHWEST 711,037 6.74% CAPITOL H I L L - TERMINAL 345,275 3.27% 10,548,219 100.00% CEA TOTAL Source: Washington Board of R e a l t o r s O f f i c e Occupancy - While the m a j o r i t y of t h e new p r i v a t e o f f i c e space b u i l t has been occupied by p r i v a t e f i r m s , a l a r g e b l o c k has been l e a s e d by t h e F e d e r a l government f o r i t s v a r i o u s a g e n c i e s . P r i v a t e space i n t h e CEA occupied by the F e d e r a l government i n c r e a s e d by 2,689,137 square f e e t from 1960 t o 1968. While t h e r e a r e no d i r e c t d a t a l i n k a g e s between t h e F e d e r a l space i n c r e a s e and the new space c o n s t r u c t e d , i t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t F e d e r a l demands are r e s p o n s i b l e f o r 25 p e r c e n t o f a l l t h e new space b u i l t i n t h e CEA. Much of t h e n o n - f e d e r a l space i n the Downtown and C a p i t o l H i l l - T e r m i n a l a r e a s i n c l u d e s space l e a s e d by the D.C. government f o r i t s a g e n c i e s . I n f a c t , a l l o r most of the 218,127 square f e e t o f space i n the l a t t e r a r e a i s occupie by the D.C. P u b l i c H e a l t h and W e l f a r e Departments. 34 �P r i v a t e O f f i c e Space Demand - P r o j e c t i o n s f o r f u t u r e p r i v a t e o f f i c e space c o n s t r u c t i o n i n the D i s t r i c t of Columbia and CEA were developed by R e a l E s t a t e Research C o r p o r a t i o n f o r the C i t y ' s Community Renewal Program, based on employment f o r e c a s t s by the N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission, and assuming t h a t 10 p e r c e n t of the F e d e r a l government needs w i l l be met i n p r i v a t e space. The f o r e c a s t s i n d i c a t e t h a t almost 8,000,000 square f e e t of new space w i l l be b u i l t each decade between 1965 and 1985. T h i s p r o j e c t e d r a t e of c o n s t r u c t i o n i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y lower than the average of 1,318,500 square f e e t which has been b u i l t a n n u a l l y i n the CEA s i n c e 1960 and may be a c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t i m a t e of the s c a l e of c o n s t r u c t i o n i n the f u t u r e . One of the key v a r i a b l e s i s the percentage of government space p r o v i d e d i n p r i v a t e b u i l d i n g s . T h i s was assumed to be 10 p e r c e n t i n the RERC p r o j e c t i o n but has been 25 p e r c e n t s i n c e 1960 and has not d i m i n i s h e d i n the p a s t y e a r or so a c c o r d i n g to i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e . For t h i s has been forecasts g i v e s an Study, a r e c e n t f o r e c a s t of f u t u r e p r i v a t e demands developed which t a k e s the midpoint of the RERC and a t r e n d l i n e p r o j e c t i o n . T h i s approach annual average of about 1,050,000 square f e e t . F u t u r e Development Trends - As i n d i c a t e d , the s t r o n g a t t r a c t i o n of the C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue - K S t r e e t a r e a w i l l cont i n u e to dominate the l o c a l p r i v a t e o f f i c e space over the f o r e c a s t p e r i o d u n l e s s r e s t r a i n e d by p u b l i c c o n t r o l s . Although a swing back to the downtown a r e a e a s t of 14th S t r e e t has been c o n s i s t e n t l y p r e d i c t e d i f the redevelopment of downtown i s a c h i e v e d , the dominant uptown t r e n d i s unl i k e l y to be c u r t a i l e d i n the f o r e s e e a b l e f u t u r e . Among the o t h e r major development a r e a s , Southwest i s e n t i r e l y committed and o n l y a modest amount of a d d i t i o n a l new space can be developed. C o n s t r u c t i o n has averaged 35 �o n l y about 100,000 square f e e t a n n u a l l y between 1960 and 1967, but more than a m i l l i o n square f e e t has s i n c e been completed. Downtown's r e c e n t i n a b i l i t y t o c a p t u r e a l a r g e r s h a r e o f p r i v a t e occupants w i l l be improved w i t h downtown's r e newal, the implementation o f t h e P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue P l a n , and t h e long a w a i t e d t r a n s i t system. Furthermore, i t w i l l c o n t i n u e t o a t t r a c t F e d e r a l o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s on and near P e n n s y l v a n i a Avenue. The C a p i t o l H i l l - T e r m i n a l a r e a ' s p o t e n t i a l f o r p r i v a t e o f f i c e space l i e s p r i m a r i l y i n l e a s i n g f o r F e d e r a l occupancy. H i s t o r i c a l l y , t h e a r e a has a t t r a c t e d o n l y l i m i t e d p r i v a t e f i r m s e x c e p t union and o t h e r n o n - p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s and t h e r e i s no r e a s o n t o e x p e c t t h i s t o change s i g n i f i c a n t l y as long as the uptown a r e a i s a v a i l a b l e f o r expansion. Area O f f i c e P o t e n t i a l Study - E s t i m a t e s of t h e development p o t e n t i a l s f o r p r i v a t e o f f i c e space i n the Study Area have been based on the f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c assumptions: 1. That uptown w i l l c o n t i n u e t o absorb t h e major s h a r e of p r i v a t e o f f i c e space f o r p r i v a t e occupancy, but w i l l g r a d u a l l y d e c l i n e as a percentage o f t o t a l cons t r u c t i o n as t h e c l o s e r - i n land i s absorbed. 2. That downtown w i l l become g r a d u a l l y more a t t r a c t i v e as a development a r e a when r e v i t a l i z a t i o n t a k e s h o l d . 3. The Southwest w i l l absorb no more p r i v a t e a f t e r c u r r e n t development i s completed. 4. That the completion of Northwest I and N o r t h e a s t I Renewal P r o j e c t s w i l l i n c r e a s e t h e a p p e a l of t h e Study Area f o r p r i v a t e o f f i c e development, p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r F e d e r a l occupancy. offices 36 �5. That c o n s i s t e n t w i t h c u r r e n t F e d e r a l p o l i c i e s , i t i s not l i k e l y t h a t t h e r e w i l l be any new F e d e r a l l y - o w n e d o f f i c e space developed i n the Study Area over the forecast period. As p r e s e n t e d i n Report No. 2, i t i s f o r e c a s t t h a t the T e r m i n a l Area can a t t r a c t no more than f i v e p e r c e n t of the p r i v a t e occupancy o f f i c e space i n the CEA; but because of the p r o x i m i t y to the C a p i t o l and o t h e r government f u n c t i o n s , i t c o u l d a t t r a c t one t h i r d of the government l e a s e d , p r i v a t e l y b u i l t space. The key v a r i a b l e i s the amount of F e d e r a l space t h a t w i l l be i n c l u d e d i n the p r i v a t e space f o r e c a s t f o r development between 1970 and 1985. Assuming t h a t p r e s e n t t r e n d s w i l l c o n t i n u e ( t h a t i s , t h a t F e d e r a l a g e n c i e s w i l l c o n t i n u e to l e a s e 25 p e r cent of a l l new p r i v a t e o f f i c e s p a c e ) , t h i s w i l l y i e l d a p o t e n t i a l of 1,906,125 square f e e t of space by 1985 f o r the Study Area as shown i n the f o l l o w i n g t a b l e . TABLE 2 TOTAL OFFICE SPACE DEMAND POTENTIAL FOR CEA Total P r i v a t e Occupancy F e d e r a l Occupancy Total 11,817,500 3,937,500 15,750,000 STUDY AREA BY TCSA* Percent 5.0% 33.3% 1985 Amount 590,875 1,315,200 1,906,125 • T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r Study Area The b e s t l o c a t i o n s f o r o f f i c e development w i t h i n the Study Area w i l l be those w i t h the good a c c e s s and h i g h v i s i b i l i t y e.g. i n the Massachusetts Avenue and North C a p i t o l S t r e e t c o r r i d o r s . The a r e a immediately south and west of Union 37 �S t a t i o n w i l l have p a r t i c u l a r l y s t r o n g appeal to p o t e n t i a l o f f i c e t e n a n t s and d e v e l o p e r s . The Union C e n t e r P l a z a B u i l d i n g s on North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and the Georgetown Law C e n t e r b u i l d i n g on Second S t r e e t N.W. are i n d i c a t i v e of the response of the market to these prime l o c a t i o n s . Hotel Potentials There are over 20,000 h o t e l rooms a v a i l a b l e w i t h i n the c i t y of Washington. N e a r l y 1,300 ( o r 6.5 p e r c e n t ) are l o c a t e d w i t h i n the T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r Study Area. A l l of the u n i t s i n the T e r m i n a l a r e a c a t e r mainly to the economyminded s t u d e n t and o t h e r group t o u r s . However, they do not now r e c e i v e any p a r t i c u l a r b e n e f i t from the Union T e r m i n a l traffic. There has been a l a r g e amount of h o t e l c o n s t r u c t i o n i n Washington i n r e c e n t y e a r s generated by the e v e r i n c r e a s i n g t o u r i s t and b u s i n e s s t r a f f i c i n the c i t y and the demands of the t r a v e l e r f o r newer, more modern f a c i l i t i e s w i t h increased amenities. Over 3,750 new rooms were b u i l t i n Washington between 1960 and 1968, 3,466 of them w i t h i n the C e n t r a l Employment Area, but none i n the t e r m i n a l a r e a . R e c e n t l y , however, a 350 room Q u a l i t y Motel has been comp l e t e d i n the Study Area and a 700 room H o l i d a y Inn has been announced. I f the T e r m i n a l a r e a becomes the f o c a l p o i n t f o r a l l t o u r i s t a c t i v i t y and of a s u b s t a n t i a l amount of the b u s i ness t r a v e l , t h i s could become one of the most important h o t e l a r e a s i n the c i t y . The maximum p o t e n t i a l of the a r e a could be as much as 25 p e r c e n t of the t o t a l f o r e c a s t CEA i n c r e a s e . T e r m i n a l Area H o t e l P o t e n t i a l - Based on an a n a l y s i s of the p o t e n t i a l s and t r e n d s i n each of the sub-areas p r e sented i n Report No. 2, the f o r e c a s t of t o t a l room demand has been a l l o c a t e d to the v a r i o u s s e c t o r s . The t o t a l room demand i n the C e n t r a l Employment Area has been e s t i m a t e d by the Community Renewal Program and has 38 �been confirmed by the Downtown Area F e a s i b i l i t y Study to be 3,037 rooms between 1968 and 1975, and an a d d i t i o n a l 4,800 rooms between 1975 and 1985. Based on the a l l o c a t i o n of demand by s u b - a r e a , t h e r e would then be a maximum p o t e n t i a l f o r 1,959 h o t e l rooms i n the T e r m i n a l Area. However, t h i s demand has been e f f e c t i v e l y reduced by the 350 rooms r e c e n t l y completed. The B o o z - A l l e n & Hamilton p r o p o s a l s f o r the a r e a ' s development c o n t a i n only one major element t h a t was not c o n s i d e r e d i n d e t e r m i n i n g these p o t e n t i a l s — a major c o n v e n t i o n facility. A r e - e v a l u a t i o n of the h o t e l f o r e c a s t i n l i g h t of t h i s a d d i t i o n i n d i c a t e s t h a t there w i l l be only a modest i n c r e a s e i n h o t e l demand. The c o n v e n t i o n a c t i v i t i e s w i l l i n c r e a s e the l e v e l of h o t e l usage i n the Washington Area as i n d i c a t e d i n the f o l l o w i n g m a n i p u l a t i o n of e s t i m a t e s p r e s e n t e d i n the B o o z - A l l e n & Hamilton r e p o r t : Average Convention ( 3 days x number of a t t e n d e e s (360,000) Days i n y e a r (360) = 3,000 room n i g h t s of occupancy. But, 65 p e r c e n t of a l l c o n v e n t i o n s w i l l r e q u i r e l e s s than 2,000 rooms (BAH r e p o r t ) and the p r e s e n t f o r e c a s t a l r e a d y c a l l s f o r more than t h i s ( a t o t a l of 3,260) i n the t e r m i n a l area. Thus, the impact w i l l l a r g e l y be f e l t on the o v e r a l l occupancy l e v e l s r a t h e r than the s u p p o r t a b l e f a c i l i t i e s i n the a r e a . T h e r e f o r e , i s i s estimated t h a t the i n c r e a s e i n h o t e l demand due to t h i s new i n p u t w i l l be no more than 10 p e r c e n t of the o l d f o r e c a s t , which b r i n g s the t o t a l to 2,200 new rooms. The 350 rooms r e c e n t l y added and the proposed H o l i d a y Inn of 700 rooms w i l l tap t h i s market and l e a v e only 1,150 rooms of s u p p o r t a b l e new c o n s t r u c t i o n . P r i v a t e Apartment Potentials S i n c e 1960, t h e r e have been n e a r l y 10,000 new p r i v a t e a p a r t ment u n i t s b u i l t i n the C e n t r a l Employment Area. A l a r g e 39 �amount of these were generated by urban r e n e w a l i n the Southwest, but the m a j o r i t y have been b u i l t through normal market means. A l l of these new u n i t s are i n " l u x u r y " h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g s which o f f e r a wide range of a m e n i t i e s and s e r v i c e s as they c a t e r to the mobile, young Downtown employees. None have been b u i l t i n the Union T e r m i n a l a r e a . However, t h e r e are about 1,500 u n i t s of p u b l i c or s u b s i d i z e d housing completed or planned f o r the t e r m i n a l a r e a . With Washington's c r i t i c a l low and moderate-income housing s h o r t a g e , an almost u n l i m i t e d demand f o r s u b s i d i z e d housing i n t h i s a r e a i s a s s u r e d , and only the p r i v a t e market housing demand i s q u a n t i t a t i v e l y f o r e c a s t here. Apartment L o c a t i o n a l E v a l u a t i o n - The market f o r p r i v a t e apartments I s i n f l u e n c e d p r i m a r i l y by the image and environment of the s u r r o u n d i n g neighborhood and the l o c a t i o n v i s - a - v i s major work c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . Apartment c o n s t r u c t i o n i n the uptown a r e a i s c o n c e n t r a t e d between Dupont C i r c l e and Foggy Bottom. The major r e a s o n s f o r r a p i d growth i n t h i s a r e a are i t s p r o x i m i t y to h i g h p r e s t i g e Georgetown and the r a p i d l y expanding Uptown O f f i c e a r e a . Growth w i l l c o n t i n u e a t a r a p i d pace i n t h i s a r e a because: a. The employment f u n c t i o n w i l l c o n t i n u e to i n c r e a s e as p r e d i c t e d i n the s e c t i o n on o f f i c e space. b. There i s s t i l l a c o n s i d e r a b l e amount of land i n low i n t e n s i t y use which can be put i n t o a h i g h e r use through the normal market mechanism. c. The a r e a i s w e l l p r o t e c t e d from the encroachment of low p r e s t i g e neighborhoods. Apartment c o n s t r u c t i o n i n the Downtown a r e a has been conc e n t r a t e d along Massachusetts Avenue p a r t i c u l a r l y around Thomas C i r c l e . P r e v a i l i n g s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s and the 1968 d i s t u r b a n c e s have slowed development i n t h i s a r e a . 40 �Rents a r e the lowest of any new in-town housing ( b u t s t i l l d e f i n i t e l y i n the " l u x u r y " c l a s s ) and some p r o j e c t s have been s o l d to the NCHA f o r p u b l i c housing f o r the e l d e r l y . Occupancy l e v e l s have once a g a i n reached p r e - r i o t h i g h s and the l o c a t i o n a s s u r e s p o t e n t i a l f o r i n c r e a s e d development i n the f u t u r e i f : 1) the r e v i t a l i z a t i o n of the downtown a r e a c o n t i n u e s , and 2) the Shaw urban r e n e w a l p r o j e c t and the Model C i t i e s program improve the s o c i a l and p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n s of the a r e a s n o r t h of Massachusetts Avenue. The l a r g e number of u n i t s b u i l t over the l a s t e i g h t y e a r s i n the Southwest a r e a r a r e phenomenon. B u i l t on what was once the c i t y ' s w o r s t slum and a n a t i o n a l d i s g r a c e , the u n i t s a r e now among the most e x p e n s i v e and p r e s t i g i o u s i n the c i t y . Changes i n F e d e r a l and l o c a l p h i l o s o p h y concerning urban r e n e w a l make i t u n l i k e l y t h a t t h i s s c a l e of r e development w i l l be r e p e a t e d i n Washington's c e n t e r c i t y . Furthermore, s i n c e a l l of the s i t e s a r e now under development, t h e r e should be no a d d i t i o n a l p r i v a t e housing cons t r u c t i o n i n the Southwest Area. Study Area P o t e n t i a l s - The T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r Study Area has not r e c e i v e d any new p r i v a t e housing c o n s t r u c t i o n i n r e c e n t y e a r s , and the p o t e n t i a l f o r new p r i v a t e housing i s somewhat l i m i t e d due to the p r e s e n t environment and the l a c k of a r e a s a v a i l a b l e f o r development. I n p a r t i c u l a r , the two urban r e n e w a l p r o j e c t s a r e committed and w i l l cont a i n no p r i v a t e market housing. The e a s t s i d e of the t r a c k s could p r o v i d e s i t e s f o r housing f o r moderate income r e s i d e n t s of t h a t a r e a ; i t probably cannot compete f o r Downtown-oriented housing. The o n l y p a r t of the Study Area which c o u l d p o s s i b l y r e c e i v e a s h a r e of CEA housing p o t e n t i a l i s t h a t p o r t i o n south of M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue and west of the T e r m i n a l . However, even i n t h i s a r e a t h e r e a r e l i m i t e d a v a i l a b l e s i t e s , and housing would be competing w i t h the r e l a t i v e l y s t r o n g e r demands f o r o f f i c e and h o t e l use of the few s i t e s . 41 �T h e r e f o r e , i t i s f o r e c a s t t h a t the maximum probable capt u r e would not exceed 600 u n i t s of p r i v a t e market housing over the f o r e c a s t p e r i o d and even t h i s can be a c h i e v e d o n l y i f s u i t a b l e s i t e s a r e made a v a i l a b l e . Arena P o t e n t i a l s The Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n Area i s the o n l y one of the f i f t e e n l a r g e s t m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s which does not have a s p o r t s arena s e a t i n g a t l e a s t 10,000 persons. This i s a major m i s s i n g l i n k i n the c h a i n of p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s s e r v ing the p o p u l a t i o n of the M e t r o p o l i t a n Area. Report No. 2 thoroughly a n a l y z e d the n a t u r e of the audience support f a c i l i t i e s i n the M e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a and the a c c e s s and l o c a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of a t e r m i n a l a r e a s i t e and concluded t h a t an a r e n a was not only n e c e s s a r y and needed, but t h a t the t e r m i n a l a r e a would be the prime l o c a t i o n f o r such a f a c i l i t y . The a t t e n t i o n which has been brought to the Arena i s s u e i n the p a s t y e a r — the B o o z - A l l e n & Hamilton r e p o r t , the B r o y h i l l B i l l , and the p l i g h t of the Washington Caps — s t r e n g t h e n s the argument f o r an Arena. Therefore, i t i s s t i l l recommended t h a t the Study Area p l a n p r o v i d e f o r a 12,000 to 15,000 s e a t Arena. Convention F a c i l i t y - The BAH Report has e x p l o r e d the conv e n t i o n market i n Washington and concluded t h a t a major e x h i b i t i o n - m e e t i n g - b a n q u e t f a c i l i t y could be supported. Although the V i s i t o r Center A r c h i t e c t ^ p l a n i n c l u d e s such a f a c i l i t y as p a r t of the arena complex, BAH a l s o e x p l o r e d o t h e r s i t e s i n the Washington a r e a . A r e v i e w of these s t u d i e s l e a d s to the c o n c l u s i o n t h a t a major c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y should not be recommended f o r the t e r m i n a l a r e a . The f i r s t s t e p i n r e a c h i n g t h i s c o n c l u s i o n was the d e t e r m i n a t i o n t h a t the Arena and c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y need not be i n the same s t r u c t u r e o r even near one another. The p o t e n t i a l u s e r s of these f a c i l i t i e s , which a r e o u t l i n e d i n the BAH r e p o r t , c l e a r l y f a l l i n t o two groups. First 42 i �i s those W a s h i n g t o n - r e s i d e n t o r i e n t e d s p o r t s e v e n t s and c u l t u r a l shows which would use the Arena. These a c t i v i t i e s would r e q u i r e a c e n t r a l l o c a t i o n , e x t e n s i v e p a r k i n g , and a c c e s s to the m e t r o p o l i t a n . r e g i o n . The second group i s the c o n v e n t i o n s which a r e o r i e n t e d more to o u t - o f - t o w n e r s who r e q u i r e ample h o t e l rooms and p r o x i m i t y to s t o r e s and r e s t a u r a n t s . These f u n c t i o n s seldom need an Arena-type s e a t i n g f a c i l i t y and t h e i r p r i n c i p a l p h y s i c a l requirement i s f o r meeting rooms and e x h i b i t i o n space. G i v e n the f a c t t h a t t h e s e uses can be s e p a r a t e d , i t i s e v i d e n t t h a t the c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y would be b e t t e r l o c a t e d elsewhere i n Washington. The c e n t e r of c o n v e n t i o n a c t i v i t y i s now w e l l e s t a b l i s h e d i n the C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue c o r r i d o r where the t h r e e l a r g e s t h o t e l s and many of Washington's f i n e s t r e s t a u r a n t s are l o c a t e d . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s f e l t t h a t i new c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y would be b e s t l o c a t e d as c l o s e as p o s s i b l e to t h i s e s t a b l i s h e d complex. Industrial Potentials The c i t y has e s t a b l i s h e d a p o l i c y to a t t r a c t new i n d u s t r y to the i n n e r - c i t y a r e a . Those i n d u s t r i e s employing a l a r g e number of l o c a l a r e a r e s i d e n t s are most d e s i r a b l e because of the s o c i a l impact on the neighborhood as w e l l as the f i s c a l r e t u r n to the c i t y . To t h i s end, the Northe a s t I Urban Renewal p r o j e c t has emphasized i n d u s t r i a l r e use and has been moderately s u c c e s s f u l - as d e s c r i b e d i n the e a r l i e r study r e p o r t s . The v a l i d i t y of t h i s p o l i c y d i c t a t e s t h a t the s i t e s most s u i t a b l e f o r i n d u s t r i a l use be r e s e r v e d w i t h o u t regard to market c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . That i s , w i t h i n r e a s o n , a s i t e should be r e s e r v e d even though an immediate but l e s s d e s i r a b l e use can be i d e n t i fied . The s i t e s which are recommended f o r i n d u s t r i a l use i n c l u d e those w e l l b u f f e r e d from r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s — specifically the r e m a i n i n g urban r e n e w a l t r a c t s l y i n g north of H S t r e e t and some u n a c q u i r e d p r o p e r t i e s between North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . 43 �I n a d d i t i o n to those i n d u s t r i e s which can be a t t r a c t e d to the a r e a through normal economic development e f f o r t s , some s p e c i f i c uses would be a t t r a c t e d by the presence of the a r e n a , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r and v i s i t o r c e n t e r . These i n c l u d e c a r r e n t a l o p e r a t i o n s , g r a p h i c a r t s f i r m s , food p r o c e s s i n g and c a t e r i n g b u s i n e s s . I f a convention f a c i l i t y were l o c a t e d i n the complex, the demand f o r such q u a s i i n d u s t r i a l f i r m s would be enhanced. Commercial S e r v i c e s I t has been e s t a b l i s h e d i n e a r l i e r r e p o r t s t h a t the Area w i l l not a t t r a c t community-serving r e t a i l and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e x c e p t on the f r i n g e s where they may p r i a t e l y serve d i r e c t l y adjacent r e s i d e n t i a l areas. p r i n c i p a l community s e r v i c e r o l e has been and w i l l to be p l a y e d by the H S t r e e t development which w i l l i t s a t t r a c t i o n through the urban r e n e w a l program. Study service approThe continue strength However, t h e r e w i l l be a s u b s t a n t i a l demand f o r r e t a i l and s e r v i c e a c t i v i t i e s generated by the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n the Study Area. Restaurants, b o u t i q u e s , t r a v e l a g e n c i e s , b a r b e r and beauty shops, and numerous o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s w i l l be r e q u i r e d to p r o p e r l y s e r v e the v i s i t o r p o p u l a t i o n . These uses have not been q u a n t i f i e d s i n c e they w i l l f o r the most p a r t be p r o v i d e d w i t h i n h o t e l s , the V i s i t o r Center i t s e l f , or o t h e r major s t r u c t u r e s ; but the p r o l i f e r a t i o n of t h e s e s m a l l e r a c t i v i t i e s , w i t h the r e s u l t a n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r employment and even e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p f o r area r e s i d e n t s , i s one of the more s i g n i f i c a n t s p i n - o f f s of the t o t a l complex. The s p i n - o f f could a l s o be f e l t i n nearby a r e a s such as the H S t r e e t c o r r i d o r and along North C a p i t o l but t h i s would depend e n t i r e l y upon, 1) the d e s i g n of the major components of the complex, and 2) the e f f o r t s of those i n a d j a c e n t a r e a s to c a t e r to t h i s b u s i n e s s . Nonmarket Generated Uses There are many o t h e r uses a p p r o p r i a t e f o r t h i s s e c t i o n of Washington which w i l l be a p a r t of the t o t a l land use p a t t e r n f o r the Study Area. Those d i s c u s s e d above w i l l 44 �be generated by market c o n d i t i o n s i n the Washington economy and the l o c a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of v a r i o u s Study Area s i t e s , but many uses a r e not s u b j e c t to market p r e s s u r e s per s e , but r a t h e r a r e the r e s u l t of p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s , p u b l i c a c t i o n s and the o p p o r t u n i t i e s p r e s e n t e d by c e r t a i n s i t e s . O b v i o u s l y p a r k s , playgrounds and o t h e r community f a c i l i t i e s f a l l i n t o t h i s c a t e g o r y . T h e i r l o c a t i o n i n the p l a n i s not an economic concern and w i l l not be d i s c u s s e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n except to p o i n t out t h a t such u s e s must be i n c l u d e d i n the t o t a l a r e a p l a n . However, s u b s i d i z e d housing programs and major i n s t i t u t i o n a l uses can have a s i g n i f i c a n t economic impact on the a r e a even though they a r e not themselves generated by the normal market. S u b s i d i z e d Housing - The t o t a l r e s i d e n t p o p u l a t i o n of the Study Area i s c u r r e n t l y 7,600, w i t h more than h a l f (4,300) l i v i n g i n the a r e a e a s t of the t e r m i n a l . E x c e p t f o r some apartment r e s i d e n t s i n the d i s t r i c t south of M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue and permanent r e s i d e n t s i n the h o t e l s t h e r e , n e a r l y a l l of the p o p u l a t i o n are low- and moderate-income b l a c k f a m i l i e s . The houses a r e t y p i c a l l y b r i c k row houses b u i l t i n the 1890's and a r e n e a r l y 75 p e r c e n t r e n t e r occupied. The d e t e r i o r a t i o n which o f t e n accompanies t h i s combination of age and tenancy i s e v i d e n t . The Northwest I urban r e n e w a l p r o j e c t , u n l i k e the N o r t h e a s t i n d u s t r i a l p r o j e c t , has approached t h i s housing problem d i r e c t l y and when completed w i l l have r o u g h l y 1,000 u n i t s of s u b s i d i z e d moderate-income housing and a s i m i l a r number of p u b l i c housing u n i t s . The l a n d i s f u l l y committed and t h e r e seems to be l i t t l e r e l a t i o n s h i p t o the V i s i t o r Center or any proposed s u p p o r t i n g u s e s . However, the need i s f a r from being s a t i s f i e d and the Study Area o f f e r s a d d i t i o n a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r t h i s type of housing — p a r t i c u l a r l y along the e a s t e r n edge. Perhaps 45 �the g r e a t e s t o p p o r t u n i t y l i e s i n the e v e n t u a l removal of the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s which not only c o u l d p r o v i d e s i t e s f o r housing (and employment o p p o r t u n i t i e s ) but would a l l o w the f u n c t i o n a l u n i f i c a t i o n of the i n n e r c i t y community. T h i s could have important s o c i a l and economic impact on the Study Area because of the i n c r e a s e d need f o r communitys e r v i n g r e t a i l s e r v i c e s and p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s . Major I n s t i t u t i o n s - There are s e v e r a l o p p o r t u n i t i e s w i t h i n the Study Area to p r o v i d e a s t i r e f o r a major c i t y - s e r v i n g i n s t i t u t i o n . A v o c a t i o n a l high s c h o o l , the D.C. T e c h n i c a l I n s t i t u t e , F e d e r a l C i t y C o l l e g e , or a complex of one or more e d u c a t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s would be w e l l s u i t e d to t h i s a r e a . Located i n the Model C i t i e s a r e a near the c e n t e r of the low-income p o p u l a t i o n of Washington, and on a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s p i n e t h a t w i l l p r o v i d e q u i c k a c c e s s to a l l p a r t s of the D i s t r i c t by r a p i d t r a n s i t and bus, the Study Area could p r o v i d e s i t e s f o r such i n s t i t u t i o n s . The j u x t a p o s i t i o n of two or more f u n c t i o n a l l y r e l a t e d i n s t i t u t i o n s would p r o v i d e the o p p o r t u n i t y to s h a r e f a c i l i t i e s and i n t e g r a t e f a c u l t y and c u r r i c u l u m , s t r e n g t h e n i n g both i n s t i t u t i o n s and broadening t h e i r s e r v i c e to the community. One s i t e a p p r o p r i a t e to these uses i s the B&O c o a l y a r d s and D.C. Department of Highways p a r c e l south of New York Avenue. T h i s s i t e has the b e s t automobile a c c e s s and would be r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . I t i s relatively isolated, and being bounded by i n d u s t r i a l and the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n elements, i t i s not r e a l l y s u i t a b l e f o r r e s i d e n t i a l uses or a c t i v i t i e s c l o s e l y r e l a t e d to the immediate neighborhood, T h e r e f o r e , a major c i t y s e r v i n g f a c i l i t y would be most a p p r o p r i a t e . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h i s s i t e could be used f o r a major blue c o l l a r employer — e i t h e r i n d u s t r y or a government f a c i l i t y . Government A c t i v i t i e s - The F e d e r a l and D i s t r i c t of Columbia governments have c o n t r o l of v a s t range of a c t i v i t i e s which might be p l a c e d w i t h i n the Study Area to a c h i e v e land use o b j e c t i v e s , p r o v i d e i n n e r - c i t y employment, or to o p t i m i z e functional linkages with established a c t i v i t i e s . The o f f i c e 46 �space f o r e c a s t s i n c l u d e government l e a s e d s p a c e , but t h e r e could be a d d i t i o n a l government owned space i n the Study Area. The p r o x i m i t y to the C a p i t o l and the D.C. government c e n t e r make the Study Area a t t r a c t i v e f o r a d d i t i o n a l government f a c i l i t i e s . I n a d d i t i o n , such major employers as the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e and the P o s t O f f i c e must be c o n s i d e r e d v a r i a b l e s i n the p l a n and key d e c i s i o n s a r e s t i l l to be made which w i l l a f f e c t the economic impact of these u s e s . The l a t e s t p r o p o s a l s c a l l f o r the r e t e n t i o n of the Post O f f i c e and the r e l o c a t i o n of the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e to the Harmony Cemetery a r e a . These p r o p o s a l s both s t r e n g t h e n the economics of the p l a n . The G.P.O. p r o p o s a l i s p a r t i c u l a r l y c o n s i s t e n t w i t h the economic and s o c i a l o b j e c t i v e s o u t l i n e d i n the e a r l i e r r e p o r t s i n t h a t i t not o n l y m a i n t a i n s t h i s important source of b l u e c o l l a r j o b s w i t h i n the Study Area, but i t makes a v a i l a b l e the v a l u a b l e M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue s i t e s so t h a t the p r i v a t e market p o t e n t i a l s may be r e a l i z e d . There are numerous o t h e r s i t e s w i t h i n the Study Area — i n c l u d i n g i n the u l t i m a t e s t a g e s the t r a c k a r e a i t s e l f — where government a c t i v i t i e s can p r o v i d e an a d d i t i o n a l economic s t i m u l u s to the a r e a . Summary The for f o l l o w i n g t a b l e summarizes the maximum market p o t e n t i a l s development of the Study Area through 1985. Offices 1,906,000 square f e e t of o f f i c e space of which about 1,300,000 square f e e t i s expected to be l e a s e d to the government. Demand w i l l be concent r a t e d along North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and the a r e a below H S t r e e t N.W. Hotels 2,200 new rooms w i t h demand concent r a t e d along M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue 2nd a r e a s c l o s e s t to V i s i t o r C e n t e r . About 1,000 rooms of t h i s demand w i l l be s a t i s f i e d by c u r r e n t p l a n s . �P r i v a t e Housing A maximum of 600 h i g h - r i s e a p a r t ments i n the a r e a south o f Massac h u s e t t s Avenue. S u b s i d i z e d Housing L i m i t e d only by p u b l i c p o l i c y and site availability. L i k e l y development as e x t e n s i o n o f Northwest I and H S t r e e t - S t a n t o n Park neighborhoods. Industrial S u b s t a n t i v e o p p o r t u n i t y on a v a i l able s i t e s . Should emphasize those employing i n n e r - c i t y r e s i d e n t s as d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center a c t i v i t i e s . Institutional E x c e l l e n t l o c a t i o n f o r major c i t y s e r v i n g e d u c a t i o n a l complex. Arena/Convention Facility A 12,000 to 15,000 s e a t arena i s recommended but major convention f a c i l i t i e s would be b e t t e r l o c a t e d elsewhere i n the c i t y . Other Government Activities L i m i t e d o n l y by p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s . G.P.O. and Post O f f i c e remain i n a r e a and a d d i t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s would be beneficial 48 �DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES �DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES The t r a n s l a t i o n of the Study Area economic p o t e n t i a l s of the p r e c e d i n g s e c t i o n i n t o o v e r a l l land use p l a n s f o r 1985, r e q u i r e s an a n a l y s i s o f s e v e r a l f a c t o r s . These i n c l u d e the impact o f the c o n s t r a i n t s and i n t e r e s t s r e f l e c t e d by the on-going p r o j e c t s , and an a n a l y s i s of p l a n n i n g p o s s i b i l i t i e s i n h e r e n t i n the s p e c i a l opport u n i t y s i t e s f o r p o t e n t i a l development. N a t u r a l l y , t h e b a s i c g o a l i s t o i n t e g r a t e and c o o r d i n a t e t h e v a r i o u s on-going a c t i v i t i e s w i t h i n a f u t u r e development framework which w i l l b a l a n c e t h e b e n e f i t s to the p u b l i c and p r i v a t e i n t e r e s t s concerned. The r e a l measure o f t h e u l t i m a t e s u c c e s s o f the f u t u r e Study Area development w i l l depend on t h e degree t o which o v e r - r i d i n g o b j e c t i v e s of g e n e r a l p u b l i c conern a r e r e a l i z e d . These i n c l u d e i n f l u e n c i n g of the development of the C e n t r a l B u s i n e s s D i s t r i c t ; p r o v i d i n g a p o s i t i v e impact on the problems o f the b l a c k community; p r o v i d i n g a u s e f u l r o l e to the V i s i t o r Center; l o c a t i n g a s i t e appropriate to a r e g i o n a l a r e n a f a c i l i t y , and improving r e g i o n a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n user s e r v i c e . Impact of On-Going P r o j e c t s To i n t e g r a t e the v a r i o u s on-going p r o j e c t s , each w i t h i t s own time s c h e d u l e , i n t o the o v e r a l l development a l t e r n a t i v e s proposed h e r e , n e c e s s i t a t e s an e v a l u a t i o n of t h e impact t h a t each o f these p r o j e c t s w i l l have, both i n terms of s t a g i n g and p h y s i c a l p l a n n i n g c o n s t r a i n t s . There a r e seven major p r o j e c t s or items which have an imp a c t on the p l a n n i n g and development s t a g i n g assumptions u t i l i z e d here. These i n c l u d e : The Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e r e l o c a t i o n . - The Main Post O f f i c e expansion. - The Union S t a t i o n C e n t e r Complex. Visitor/Transportation 50 �- The Eisenhower Memorial Arena. Urban Renewal P r o j e c t s w i t h i n the Study boundaries. - W.M.A.T.A. - Freeway System. Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e - A new p u b l i c p r i n t e r , o r S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f P r i n t i n g has r e c e n t l y been appointed, who i s a t t e m p t i n g t o f i x the f u t u r e p l a n s f o r the r e l o c a t i o n o f the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e . The p h y s i c a l r e s t r a i n t s imposed by t h e i r e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s l o c a t e d on North C a p i t o l S t r e e t r e s u l t s i n an i n e f f i c i e n t operat i o n i n which p r e s s e s a r e l o c a t e d on s e v e r a l f l o o r s and the c o r r e l a t i o n o f p r i n t i n g , b i n d i n g and s h i p p i n g i s i l logical. A r e c e n t c o n g r e s s i o n a l o f f e r o f funds t o expand t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s was r e f u s e d a s i t would o n l y add t o t h e i r e x i s t i n g problems. The Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e has e s t i m a t e d t h a t a new p l a n t e f f i c i e n t l y o r g a n i z e d would save t h e t a x p a y e r $4 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s a n n u a l l y . Their r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r such a new f a c i l i t y are 2 m i l l i o n r q u a r e f e e t on 2 l e v e l s near good p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . They e s t i m a t e t h a t a 40 a c r e minimum s i t e w i l l be r e q u i r e d . The Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e c u r r e n t l y employs 7.500 p e r s o n s , and e v e r y e f f o r t should be made t o keep t h i s major j o b s o u r c e w i t h i n the D i s t r i c t o f Columbia. N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission has proposed the Harmony Cemetery a r e a as a p o s s i b l e r e l o c a t i o n s i t e and t h e i r p r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s i n d i c a t e s t h a t s u f f i c i e n t land f o r the G.P.O. f a c i l i t i e s i s a v a i l a b l e . A l s o , the s i t e w i l l have e x c e l l e n t employee a c c e s s v i a the proposed Rhode I s l a n d Avenue t r a n s i t s t o p . T h i s r e p o r t concurs i n recommending t h i s s i t e f o r G.P.O. r e l o c a t i o n . �The r e l o c a t i o n o f the G.P.O. w i l l have a major impact on the development p o t e n t i a l s i n the Union S t a t i o n a r e a . I t w i l l make 13.7 a c r e s o f land a v a i l a b l e which has a s t r o n g appeal t o the p r i v a t e i n v e s t o r . Assuming t h a t c o n g r e s s i o n a l a c t i o n w i l l be forthcoming i n the near f u t u r e on the r e l o c a t i o n , i t c a n be e s t i m a t e d t h a t t h e e x i s t i n g G.P.O. s i t e could become a v a i l a b l e f o r r e - u s e by 1975. P o s t O f f i c e - The P o s t O f f i c e Department has c o n t r a c t e d f o r the remodeling of i t s Main Post O f f i c e a d j o i n i n g Union S t a t i o n and w i l l f u r t h e r improve and c o n s o l i d a t e the e x i s t i n g f a c i l i t i e s i n the f u t u r e . They have a l l o c a t e d funds i n the 1971 budget f o r the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a new b u l k m a i l h a n d l i n g f a c i l i t y t o r e l i e v e e x i s t i n g heavy loads on t h e i r Union S t a t i o n o p e r a t i o n s . While no s i t e has been f i n a l l y s e l e c t e d f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y , they a r e s e r i o u s l y c o n s i d e r i n g a l o c a t i o n along the New York Avenue Railroad Corridor. The Post O f f i c e Department e s t i m a t e s t h a t t h i s new b u l k f a c i l i t y w i l l r e q u i r e 500,000 t o 800,000 square f e e t and a minimum s i t e o f 10 a c r e s . With the c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h i s f a c i l i t y and the s h i f t i n g of o t h e r o p e r a t i o n s t o the P r i n c e George County and Northern V i r g i n i a b u l k m a i l p l a n t s , i t i s p r o j e c t e d t h a t the e x i s t i n g m a i l house o p e r a t i o n s a t the e a s t s i d e o f Union S t a t i o n w i l l be c l o s e d . Once c l o s e d , some e x p a n s i o n f o r new t r u c k dock f a c i l i t i e s a d j o i n i n g the Main P o s t O f f i c e on G S t r e e t w i l l be r e q u i r e d . The Main Post O f f i c e now employs a t o t a l o f 8,400 persons of which 3,800 are on the a f t e r n o o n peak s h i f t . This employment l e v e l w i l l probably c o n t i n u e i n the f u t u r e . The E a s t M a i l House o p e r a t i o n s w i l l be g r a d u a l l y phased out even b e f o r e the new b u l k h a n d l i n g f a c i l i t y i s comp l e t e d due t o s h i f t i n g o f loads t o the N o r t h e r n V i r g i n i a and P r i n c e George County p l a n t s . F o r the purposes o f t h i s r e p o r t , i t i s assumed t h a t i t s e n t i r e o p e r a t i o n s �could be c l o s e d by 1974. I t i s a l s o assumed t h a t the new t r u c k f a c i l i t i e s , to be c o n s t r u c t e d on t h a t p a r c e l r e s e r v e d f o r post o f f i c e expansion between G and H S t r e e t s , can i n c o r p o r a t e o t h e r uses as a i r - r i g h t s . Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r - The new p l a n s f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y by Seymour Auerbach, A r c h i t e c t , have been d e s c r i b e d p r e v i o u s l y . The impact of t h i s p l a n i s t h a t the e x i s t i n g Union S t a t i o n t r a c k zone w i l l form the p l a n n i n g d e t e r m i n a n t s f o r those s t r u c t u r e s b u i l t i n the a i r - r i g h t s above i t . The R a i l r o a d Companies, i n r e v i e w i n g the p r e v i o u s r e p o r t s of t h i s phase, had no f u n c t i o n a o b j e c t i o n to r e l o c a t i n g t h e i r t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s i n the f u t u r e . However, they d i d f i n d themselves l e g a l l y bound by the V i s i t o r C e n t e r agreements to c o n s t r u c t , i n i t i a l l y , t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s a t Union S t a t i o n . They a l s o acknowledge t h a t t h e i r t r a c k r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r passenger s e r v i c e can be reduced i n the f u t u r e to 12 or 14 t r a c k s . T h e r e f o r e , t h i s r e p o r t assumes t h a t t h e r e i s the o p t i o n of c o n s i d e r i n g the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l a t Union S t a t i o n as a f i r s t s t a g e which, i n the f u t u r e , can be r e l o c a t e d northward depending on the demand and economic r e t u r n to the r a i l r o a d s i n the development of the t r a c k zone a r e a f r e e d . Recent i n d i c a t i o n s are t h a t the Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center complex w i l l be c o n s t r u c t e d i n two stages. The f i r s t s t a g e should be o p e r a t i o n a l by 1973 and would i n c l u d e the r e n o v a t i o n of Union S t a t i o n , p a r k i n g f o r 2,500 c a r s and the new r a i l and bus t e r m i n a l s . The second s t a g e would p r o v i d e the remaining p a r k i n g f o r a t o t a l of 5,200 spaces so t h a t the e n t i r e p r o j e c t would be completed by 1975. Eisenhower Memorial Arena - T h i s f a c i l i t y has been d i s cussed p r e v i o u s l y both i n terms of the f a c i l i t i e s p l a n by the r a i l r o a d and i n the economic s e c t i o n of t h i s r e port. The l a t t e r recommends l o c a t i n g only the arena 53 �w i t h i n the Study Area as the e x h i b i t i o n and c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t i e s would be more a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d elsewhere. The s u c c e s s of the investment package f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y w i l l depend on the c o n s t r u c t i o n of o t h e r uses such as o f f i c e s and h o t e l s which w i l l h e l p to s p i n - o f f revenues to pay f o r the a r e n a i t s e l f . The f a c t t h a t Congress has not a c t e d to a p p r o p r i a t e funds f o r the arena c a s t s doubt on whether the a r e n a w i l l be a v a i l a b l e f o r the 1976 B i c e n t e n n i a l . T h i s d e l a y opens up the b l o c k now occupied by G.P.O. as a s i t e f o r s e r i o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n . Urban Renewal P r o j e c t s W i t h i n The Study Boundaries Northwest I - The urban r e n e w a l p l a n s f o r Northwest I a r e r a p i d l y being completed and a l a r g e s h a r e of the new housing programmed has been c o n s t r u c t e d and occupied. Other housing p a r c e l s a r e o n l y delayed by FHA f u n d i n g a p p r o v a l , such as the Temple C o u r t s and Golden Rule A p a r t ments. The a r e a n o r t h of H S t r e e t , between North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and New J e r s e y Avenue i s committed, but no advance p l a n n i n g performed. The Redevelopment Land Agency has a l l o c a t e d the c o r n e r p a r c e l on H and North C a p i t o l S t r e e t s to the Gonzaga High School expansion; the p a r c e l a d j o i n i n g i t to the west f o r p u b l i c housing; and f i n a l l y , the p a r c e l a d j o i n i n g New J e r s e y Avenue f u r t h e r to the west f o r a new elementary s c h o o l . Of t h e s e , the p u b l i c housing s t a n d s the g r e a t e s t chance of r e a l i z a t i o n . The Gonzaga High School has i n d i c a t e d t h a t they may w i s h to r e l o c a t e t h e i r f a c i l i t i e s e n t i r e l y and t h e r e i s some doubt whether an elementary s c h o o l w i l l be a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d i n t h i s a r e a s as oppos to the New York Avenue s i t e o r i g i n a l l y c o n s i d e r e d . Theref o r e , t h i s r e p o r t assumes t h a t the development on the n o r t h s i d e of H S t r e e t may be m o d i f i e d i n the f u t u r e . RLA has proposed c l o s i n g New J e r s e y Avenue between I S t r e e t and Massachusetts Avenue w i t h the p r o v i s i o n of an 80 f o o t wide p e d e s t r i a n r i g h t - o f - w a y . Under t h e i r p l a n s no b u i l d i n g s t r u c t u r e can encroach on t h i s r i g h t - o f - w a y . 54 �N o r t h e a s t I - The s o u t h e r n p o r t i o n s of N o r t h e a s t I a r e now, by and l a r g e , committed. The l a t e s t d i s p o s i t i o n s are the Union C e n t r a l P l a z a O f f i c e b u i l d i n g on North C a p i t o l S t r e e t c o n t a i n i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 900,000 r e n t a l square f e e t ; a new C o n t r o l Data f a c i l i t y i n the c e n t e r of t h a t b l o c k between H and K S t r e e t s , and a commitment to P r i d e Inc. f o r the p a r c e l on 1 s t S t r e e t between L and K. The m a j o r i t y of land s t i l l not committed i n N o r t h e a s t I i s l o c a t e d i n the n o r t h e r n p o r t i o n s and i s d i v i d e d between s c a t t e r e d s i t e s on North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and the l a r g e r c o a l y a r d s a r e a a d j o i n i n g the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . H S t r e e t Renewal P l a n s - I n A p r i l of 1969, the P l a n n i n g Commission adopted the H S t r e e t Renewal P l a n d e s i g n a t i n g H S t r e e t a " S p e c i a l Community S t r e e t " . T h i s p l a n c a l l s f o r a f u t u r e H S t r e e t as a p e d e s t r i a n - o r i e n t e d strip l i n k i n g t o g e t h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of community s e r v i c e s , p u b l i c f a c i l i t i e s and housing i n the S t a n t o n Park community. T h i s r e n e w a l a r e a i n c l u d e s the b l o c k s immediately n o r t h and south of H S t r e e t from the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s or 2nd S t r e e t N.E. on the west to 19th S t r e e t N.E. on the e a s t . The community, which has not y e t f o r m u l a t e d a d e f i n i t e p l a n n i n g program, has now r e q u e s t e d the e x t e n s i o n of these p r o j e c t boundaries from D S t r e e t on the south to F l o r i d a Avenue on the n o r t h to i n c l u d e a l l the r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a immediately e a s t of the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s which might be a f f e c t e d by any f u t u r e r a i l development. Although no s p e c i f i c development o b j e c t i v e s have been f o r m u l a t e d by the H S t r e e t community, comments r e c e i v e d i n d i c a t e t h a t they have the f o l l o w i n g g o a l s i n mind: - They are a n x i o u s to p r e s e r v e the e x i s t i n g low i n t e n s i t y r e s i d e n t i a l s c a l e of t h e i r community. They would l i k e to improve t h e i r q u a l i t y of housing, commercial and community f a c i l i t i e s w i t h o u t changing t h i s s c a l e . - They are concerned about i n c r e a s e d opportunities. employment 55 �They w i s h to develop a s e r i e s of s p e c i a l community b u s i n e s s and s e r v i c e c e n t e r s along H S t r e e t to encourage b l a c k e n t r e p r e n e u r s h i p . They hope t h a t p e d e s t r i a n a c c e s s from the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center complex w i l l encourage o u t s i d e u t i l i z a t i o n of these s e r v i c e c e n t e r s . They want to improve c o n n e c t i o n s to the other port i o n s of the g e n e r a l Model C i t i e s a r e a to the west now r e s t r i c t e d by the r a i l w a y b a r r i e r . W.M.A.T.A. - The Washington M e t r o p o l i t a n Area T r a n s i t A u t h o r i t y has r e c e i v e d c o n g r e s s i o n a l funding f o r the f i r s t phase of the Metro system l i n k i n g the Study Area w i t h Uptown C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue c e n t e r and has r e c e n t l y s t a r t e d c o n s t r u c t i o n on a p o r t i o n of the l i n e . C o n t r a c t s have been l e t on the m a j o r i t y of the system, and by September 1970, c o n s t r u c t i o n of the e n t i r e f i r s t phase w i l l be under c o n t r a c t f o r a p r o j e c t e d J u l y 1973 o p e r a t i o n a l date. The completed d e s i g n and e n g i n e e r i n g drawings f o r the p o r t i o n of the system p a s s i n g through the Study Area i n c l u d e s : the two s t a t i o n s t o p s ; a t Union S t a t i o n and Rhode I s l a n d Avenue, the e l e v a t e d t r a c k c o n n e c t i n g them; the m a r s h a l l i n g and maintenance y a r d s n o r t h of New York Avenue and the r e l o c a t e d Union S t a t i o n power p l a n t . The o r i g i n a l engineer ing drawings f o r the Union S t a t i o n stop i n d i c a t e d an ent r a n c e to the c e n t e r of the Metro p l a t f o r m from the west p o r t a l of Union S t a t i o n , but r e c e n t Metro Board a c t i o n has expanded the a c c e s s to i n c l u d e e n t r a n c e s a t the n o r t h end of the p l a t f o r m to connect to the south end of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r Garage and to H S t r e e t , N.E. v i a a moving s i d e w a l k . With the c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h i s l i n e the Union S t a t i o n a r e a w i l l become e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e from the uptown a r e a s . Freeway System - The f i n a l p l a n s f o r the completed freeway system have not been s e t . While a number of freeway segments a r e i n v o l v e d , two a r e immediately a t i s s u e : the North C e n t r a l Freeway and the North Leg of the I n n e r Loop. There a r e two proposed r o u t e s f o r the North Leg which would connect the Potomac Freeway w i t h the Center Leg. 56 �One o f these r o u t e s proposes a K S t r e e t t u n n e l , the o t h e r proposes an E S t r e e t t u n n e l . T h i s r e p o r t assumes the K S t r e e t tunnel, and assumes i n accordance w i t h the P l a n n i n g Commission's Major Thoroughfare P l a n , t h a t the North C e n t r a l Freeway w i l l not be r e a l i z e d . C o n s t r u c t i o n i s s t i l l going on south o f t h e M a l l on the Center Leg Freeway and c u r r e n t f o r e c a s t s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h i s p o r t i o n o f t h e freeway system w i l l be completed i n F e b r u a r y 1972. The New York Avenue Freeway c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e B a l t i m o r e Washington Expressway has not y e t been g i v e n any d e t a i l e d p l a n n i n g or design s t u d y . Therefore, i t i s not expected t h a t t h i s p o r t i o n o f t h e freeway system w i l l be completed u n t i l 1976 o r 1977. I f t h e p o l i c y d e c i s i o n s on the North C e n t r a l Freeway a r e changed and i t i s decided t o c o n s t r u c t t h i s segment o f the freeway system, then t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r g e t t i n g d i r e c t a c c e s s t o the Union S t a t i o n a r e a by means of freeway ramps down t h e r a i l r o a d t r a c k r i g h t - o f - w a y from t h e n o r t h may be d i f f i c u l t to achieve. S p e c i a l Opportunity Sites The development o p p o r t u n i t i e s w i t h i n t h e Study Area a r e c o n t r o l l e d mainly by t h e p o t e n t i a l s i t e s a v a i l a b l e . F i g u r e 5 i n d i c a t e s t h e p o t e n t i a l development a r e a s i n the s o u t h e r n p o r t i o n of t h e Study Area south o f New York Avenue. While some of these s i t e s a r e s c a t t e r e d , o t h e r s a r e l a r g e r land a r e a s which form t h e s p e c i a l o p p o r t u n i t y s i t e s f o r the developments proposed here. S i n c e i t i s assumed t h a t the s m a l l e r p a r c e l s w i l l c o n t i n u e t o be marketed and developed a s the demand a r i s e s , o n l y t h e l a r g e r a r e a s need to be a n a l y z e d i n more d e t a i l . A d e s c r i p t i o n of these l a r g e r areas f o l l o w s : Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e B l o c k Area: 13.7 a c r e s A c c e s s : Good a c c e s s from North C a p i t o l , H S t r e e t and Massachusetts Avenue. 57 �The New York Avenue Freeway c o n n e c t i o n t o the B a l t i m o r e Washington Expressway has not y e t been g i v e n any d e t a i l e d p l a n n i n g or d e s i g n s t u d y . T h e r e f o r e , i t i s not expected t h a t t h i s p o r t i o n o f t h e freeway system w i l l be completed u n t i l 1976 o r 1977. Development P o t e n t i a l : The a r e a i s l a r g e enough the development on t h i s b l o c k c a n be f i l e d under 75 i n the zoning o r d i n a n c e . T h i s c o u l d p e r m i t a ment of an F.A.R. o f 6 and a h e i g h t l i m i t o f 130 that Article developfeet. Availability: I t i s assumed t h a t t h i s s i t e w i l l become a v a i l a b l e as soon a s the G.P.O. has been r e l o c a t e d w i t h i n the Study Area or by 1975. Those p o r t i o n s o f the s i t e not p h y s i c a l l y covered by the G.P.O. f a c i l i t i e s , such a s the Massachusetts Avenue fron\.j.ge and p o r t i o n s along w e s t e r n H S t r e e t c o u l d be developed p r i o r t o t h a t time. Economic P o t e n t i a l : As t h i s s i t e has a prime l o c a t i o n and e x c e l l e n t f r o n t a g e , i t i s assumed t h a t i t could be r e a d i l y u t i l i z e d f o r e i t h e r a maximum p r i v a t e investment development o r a combined a r e n a and h o t e l complex. Post O f f i c e Expansion Block Area: 5.7 a c r e s A c c e s s : Good a c c e s s from North C a p i t o l and H S t r e e t s w i t h p o t e n t i a l of post o f f i c e t r u c k a c c e s s o f f 1 s t S t r e e t . Development P o t e n t i a l : T h i s s i t e , l i k e the G.P.O. p a r c e l , could a l s o be developed under A r t i c l e 75 of zoning o r d i n a n c e w i t h a maximum F.A.R. o f 6 and h e i g h t l i m i t o f 130 f e e t . Availability: P l a n s f o r the development of t h i s s i t e could p r o g r e s s as soon as the Post O f f i c e i s i n a p o s i t i o n to program i t s e x p a n s i o n f a c i l i t i e s . Economic P o t e n t i a l : Having North C a p i t a l S t r e e t f r o n t a g e , t h i s s i t e could become a good l o c a t i o n f o r a combined f e d e r a l l y l e a s e d o f f i c e s t r u c t u r e w i t h t h e Post O f f i c e expansion. 58 �POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS 5y I § ill �T r a c k Area South of L Area: 30 Street acres A c c e s s : I f the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s i s not c o n s t r u c t e d , a c c e s s to the s i t e would be d i f f i c u l t to a c h i e v e as long as the t r a c k s remain at t h e i r p r e s e n t e l e v a t e d location. Development P o t e n t i a l : T h i s s i t e i s c u r r e n t l y zoned f o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g w i t h an F.A.R. of 6 and a h e i g h t l i m i t of 90 f e e t . As long as the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s remain, any s t r u c t u r e e l e v a t e d above the t r a c k s would have an e f f e c t i v e development h e i g h t of o n l y 40 to 50 f e e t assuming t h a t the h e i g h t l i m i t i s measured from the s u r r o u n d i n g s t r e e t grades. Availability: T h i s s i t e i s a v a i l a b l e f o r a i r - r i g h t s development a t the p r e s e n t time and has been proposed by the r a i l r o a d companies as a p o t e n t i a l l o c a t i o n f o r the Eisenhower Memorial Arena. Economic P o t e n t i a l : I f a major p u b l i c f a c i l i t y i s not c o n s t r u c t e d on t h e s e a i r - r i g h t s , i t s u l t i m a t e development a p p e a l to the p r i v a t e i n v e s t o r i s l i m i t e d by the c o s t of the a i r - r i g h t s and l i m i t e d b u i l d i n g h e i g h t t h a t can be a c h i e v e d . The removal of t h i s t r a c k a r e a would g r e a t l y i n c r e a s e the market p o t e n t i a l by r e d u c i n g the c o s t s of c o n s t r u c t i o n and i n c r e a s i n g the b u l k of f a c i l i t i e s t h a t can be p r o v i d e d . The u l t i m a t e u t i l i z a t i o n of t h i s s i t e should p r o v i d e a b a l a n c e between p r i v a t e l y cons t r u c t e d o f f i c e b u i l d i n g s f o r f e d e r a l u s e s , employment c e n t e r s and community type f a c i l i t i e s such as low to moderate income housing. C o a l Yards Area Area: T h i s a r e a i n c l u d e s the c o a l y a r d s s i t e , the s i t e to the n o r t h of i t p r e s e n t l y occupied by the Department of Highways, and the t r a c k a r e a to the e a s t , i n c l u d i n g the s i t e now occupied by the U l i n e Coliseum. The t o t a l a r e a i s 28.3 a c r e s . 60 �A c c e s s : T h i s s i t e has good a c c e s s from New York and F l o r i d a Avenues and from 1 s t S t r e e t on the west and 2nd S t r e e t on the e a s t , and the l o c a l s t r e e t s i n between. I t a l s o has the p o t e n t i a l of d i r e c t freeway a c c e s s . Development P o t e n t i a l : These a r e a s a r e a l s o zoned f o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g and have an F.A.R. of 6 and h e i g h t l i m i t of 90 f e e t . A v a i l a b i l i t y : The p o r t i o n of t h i s s i t e to the west o f the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s which i n c l u d e s the c o a l y a r d s and the Department of Highways s t o r a g e a r e a i s c u r r e n t l y a v a i l a b l e f o r development. The a r e a to the e a s t would become a v a i l a b l e as soon as a new arena f a c i l i t y has been c o n s t r u c t e d , or i n 1976. Economic P o t e n t i a l : I f t h i s a r e a i s not used f o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s , i t would have a p o t e n t i a l r a n g i n g from a major new in-town employment c e n t e r to an i n s t i t u t i o n a l type use. H S t r e e t Overpass The g e n e s i s of the two development a l t e r n a t i v e s c o n s i d e r e d here i s the l o c a t i o n of the r a i l and bus t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s a t Union S t a t i o n . Although these two a l t e r n a t i v e s may d i f f e r i n t h e i r f i n a l s t a g e , they both i n c l u d e i n i t i a l l y , the development of the r a i l r o a d t r a c k a r e a immediately n o r t h of Union S t a t i o n i n accordance w i t h the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n w i t h one e x c e p t i o n . The e x c e p t i o n i s t h a t they do not i n c l u d e the H S t r e e t overpass as a means of p r o v i d i n g a c c e s s to the n o r t h end of the t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s . One a l t e r n a t i v e proposes r e p l a c i n g t h i s H S t r e e t a c c e s s w i t h ramps e x t e n d i n g down from K S t r e e t along the t r a c k r i g h t - o f - w a y . The o t h e r p r o v i d e s a d d i t i o n a l a c c e s s to the p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s by i n t e r n a l ramps p e n e t r a t i n g through the t r a c k l a y e r to 1st or H S t r e e t s a t grade. The f a c t t h a t the H S t r e e t overpass i s not recommended here r e q u i r e s e x p l a n a t i o n . The f o l l o w i n g , t h e r e f o r e , i s a l i s t of drawbacks which l e d to the e x c l u s i o n of the overpass plan: 61 �From a t r a f f i c s t a n d p o i n t the o v e r p a s s has c e r t a i n c o n g e s t i o n prone elements which w i l l i n t e r f e r e w i t h i t s normal e a s t / w e s t a r t e r i a l o p e r a t i o n s . A detailed d i s c u s s i o n of t h i s p l a n i n terms of t r a f f i c a s s i g n ments i s i n c l u d e d l a t e r i n the t r a f f i c a n a l y s i s section. I n summary, the major c o n f l i c t a r i s e s from the number of d r o p - o f f s and t u r n i n g movements t h a t H S t r e e t must perform when e l e v a t e d above the t r a c k s to s e r v i c e the V i s i t o r C e n t e r p a r k i n g , the r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n , a l l i n coming buses to the t e r m i n a l and d r o p - o f f to the arena i f the l a t t e r i s i n c l u d e d . For those p r o p e r t i e s f r o n t i n g on H S t r e e t between North C a p i t o l on the west and 3rd S t r e e t on the e a s t , the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s has s e r i o u s impacts. These ramps would deny normal on-grade a c c e s s to those e x i s t i n g b u i l d i n g s which f r o n t on the e l e v a t e d p o r t i o n . On the north s i d e of H S t r e e t between North C a p i t o l and 1 s t , the b u i l d i n g s a f f e c t e d are t h r e e new s t r u c t u r e s , the N a t i o n a l S a v i n g s and T r u s t Company, Quinn P a t e n t Drawing S e r v i c e , I n c . , and the N o r t h e a s t C a p i t o l Auto Wash, I n c . , as w e l l as two v a c a n t p a r c e l s w i t h 156 f o o t f r o n t a g e and one p a r c e l l e a s e d to the Ken Jones C o r p o r a t i o n w i t h a 40 f o o t f r o n t a g e . As these b u i l d i n g s and p a r c e l s f a l l w i t h i n the N o r t h e a s t I Urban Renewal a r e a t h e r e a r e l e g a l as w e l l as the c o s t problems of a c q u i s i t i o n i n v o l v e d . L e g a l l y unencumbered a c c e s s to H S t r e e t i s p a r t of RLA's d i s p o s i t i o n of these Northeast I p r o p e r t i e s . I f the H S t r e e t a c c e s s i s removed, then a c c o r d i n g to S e c t i o n 12 of the Redevelopment A c t , the consent of a l l the d e v e l o p e r s must be o b t a i n e d . On the o p p o s i t e s i d e of H S t r e e t to the s o u t h , the problem i s not so s e r i o u s as t h e r e a r e no new s t r u c t u r e s i n v o l v e d and the t o t a l p a r c e l a r e a has o n l y been committed to p o s t o f f i c e e x p a n s i o n . T h e r e f o r e , the m o t o r c y c l e shop and the l i q u o r s t o r e now l o c a t e d t h e r e are not permanent t e n a n t s and w i l l be r e l o c a t e d i n the f u t u r e i n any case. 62 �H STREET LOOKING EAST FROM NO. CAPITOL �On the e a s t s i d e of the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s n o r t h of H S t r e e t , the L i t t l e S i s t e r s of the Poor Nuring Home i s a l r e a d y e l e v a t e d above e x i s t i n g H S t r e e t grade and t h e r e f o r e , probably would not be a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t e d by the change i n l e v e l proposed. However, on the south s i d e , t h e r e are 14 row houses and one gas s t a t i o n between 2nd and 3rd S t r e e t s N.E. that w i l l be denied a c c e s s of the o v e r p a s s . These f a m i l i e s and the commercial t e n a n t w i l l have to be r e l o c a t e d i f the o v e r p a s s i s c o n s t r u c t e d . The e l e v a t i o n of H S t r e e t has grade problems on the west. C u r r e n t p l a n s i n d i c a t e a t o t a l l e n g t h of ramp run of a p p r o x i m a t e l y 650 f e e t a t 7.3% grade to a c h i e v e a t o t a l r i s e of 48 f e e t . T h i s r i s e of 7.3% exceeds the maximum 7% recommended by the D i s t r i c t Department of Highways. The a e r i a l photograph shown i n F i g u r e 6 i l l u s t r a t e s the e x i s t i n g grade change between H S t r e e t and the t r a c k s above. The e l e v a t i o n of H S t r e e t demands a s o p h i s t i c a t e d eng i n e e r i n g and c o n s t r u c t i o n s o l u t i o n which would make i t much more c o s t l y than the remodeling of the underpass . The o v e r p a s s would deny the H S t r e e t i t s unencumbered a r t e r i a l c o n n e c t i o n s to the community on the west. In o t h e r words, through t r a f f i c on H S t r e e t , i f e l e v a t e d , would f i n d i t s e l f entangled i n the s p e c i a l purpose d r o p - o f f p l a z a proposed above the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . Moreover, the o v e r p a s s would i n c r e a s e t r a f f i c volumes on H S t r e e t to the e a s t and c o n f l i c t w i t h the l o c a l s t a t u s which the H S t r e e t community has a s s i g n e d to this arterial. Development A l t e r n a t i v e s On the f o l l o w i n g pages, two Study Area development a l t e r n a t i v e s are i l l u s t r a t e d based on the c u r r e n t p l a n s f o r l o c a t i o n of the V i s i t o r C e n t e r p a r k i n g and t r a n s portation terminals. One of these a l t e r n a t i v e s 64 �l o c a t e s t h e arena over the t r a c k zone n o r t h o f H S t r e e t i n the i n i t i a l s t a g e ; the o t h e r p l a c e s t h e arena on the b l o c k now occupied by the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e . The u l t i m a t e p l a n s f o r each of t h e s e a l t e r n a t i v e s i l l u s t r a t e s how each o f these i n i t i a l s t a g e p l a n s might a f f e c t the development of the Study Area i n the f u t u r e . The fundamental d i f f e r e n c e between these a l t e r n a t i v e s c a n be viewed from two l e v e l s . One i s t h e i n i t i a l o r immediate development i m p l i c a t i o n s i n the s e l e c t i o n o f the arena s i t e . I f the arena i s c o n s t r u c t e d on the p r e s e n t l y a v a i l a b l e t r a c k a i r - r i g h t s , t h e a s s o c i a t e d problems o f abnormal cons t r u c t i o n c o s t s , f e a s i b i l i t y w i t h i n the h e i g h t l i m i t ; r e l a t i o n s h i p t o s u r r o u n d i n g development, and a c c e s s must be thoroughly answered. S i m i l a r l y , i f t h e arena i s t o be l o c a t e d on the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e b l o c k o t h e r q u e s t i o n s must be answered such a s , how c a n the arena cons t r u c t i o n be scheduled w i t h the G.P.O. r e l o c a t i o n , p e d e s t r i a n and v e h i c u l a r a c c e s s , land a r e a a v a i l a b l e f o r p r i v a t e i n vestment, e t c . These q u e s t i o n s , the m a j o r i t y of which a r e beyond the scope o f t h i s s t u d y , form what i s commonly termed a f e a s i b i l i t y a n a l y s i s o f two a l t e r n a t i v e s i t e s . The o t h e r l e v e l o f comparison between these two a l t e r n a t i v e s i n v o l v e s a c o n s i d e r a t i o n of long range p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s . I n t h i s r e g a r d , A l t e r n a t i v e A, o r t h e l o c a t i o n o f the arena over the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s assumes t h a t the e x i s t i n g e l e v a t e d t r a c k r i g h t - o f - w a y w i l l c o n t i n u e t o be almost f u l l y u t i l i z e d i n the f u t u r e , and any development w i l l be a i r - r i g h t s and l i m i t e d by e x i s t i n g p h y s i c a l c o n s t r a i n t s . T h i s type o f development i n the i n i t i a l s t a g e i s s h o r t range, and assumes no f u t u r e t r a c k a r e a development t o be p o s s i b l e n o r t h o f K S t r e e t . A l t e r n a t i v e B ( a r e n a on the G.P.O. b l o c k ) , i n c o n t r a s t does n o t propose any i n i t i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n over the t r a c k a r e a n o r t h o f H S t r e e t and l e a v e s open the o p t i o n s f o r f u t u r e development when i t i s f o r e c a s t t h a t t e r m i n a l p l a t f o r m r e q u i r e m e n t s w i l l be 12 t r a c k s o r a q u a r t e r o f what they are today. At t h i s p o i n t the r a i l r o a d s may f i n d i t i n t h e i r own i n t e r e s t t o r e l o c a t e t h e i r t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s t o the New York Avenue a r e a and develop t h e 65 �t r a c k a r e a f r e e d as i l l u s t r a t e d i n the u l t i m a t e p l a n f o r t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e . I n o t h e r words, t h i s A l t e r n a t i v e B i s based on the premise t h a t the t r a c k a r e a should not be developed u n t i l f u t u r e t r a c k needs can be adequately a s s e s s e d and the e n t i r e a r e a i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o one Master P l a n . Alternative A H S t r e e t Arena on the R a i l r o a d F i r s t Stage Completion (1976) Air-Rights T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e assumes as a f i r s t s t a g e , the development of a r e g i o n a l arena f a c i l i t y as proposed i n the T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n . T h e i r p l a n i n d i c a t e d the l o c a t i o n of the arena as an a i r - r i g h t s f a c i l i t y over the t r a c k s between H and K S t r e e t s , forming the n o r t h f a c e of a p l a z a bounded on the south s i d e by the V i s i t o r C e n t e r p a r k i n g and t r a n s portation terminal f a c i l i t i e s . I n t h i s p l a n , the w a i t i n g room and concourse f o r the r a i l and bus t e r m i n a l s i s p l a c e d between V i s i t o r C e n t e r p a r k i n g s t r u c t u r e s , opening up an e l e v a t e d p e d e s t r i a n a x i s between Union S t a t i o n i t s e l f and the arena to the n o r t h . F i g u r e 7 i l l u s t r a t e s t h i s f i r s t s t a g e p l a n which only d i f f e r s from the r a i l r o a d p l a n i n one a s p e c t . This aspect i s improved v e h i c u l a r c i r c u l a t i o n and d r o p - o f f by r e p l a c i n g the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s w i t h a continuous e l e v a t e d roadway c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n the a i r - r i g h t s development along i t s e a s t and west b o u n d a r i e s . Access to t h i s e l e v a t e d roadway couple from the a r t e r i a l s t r e e t system i s by means of ramps up from K S t r e e t on the north and ramps down onto Union S t a t i o n P l a z a to the s o u t h . T h i s road s t r u c t u r e p r o v i d e s f o r a v e h i c u l a r d r o p - o f f between the arena and the back s i t e of the V i s i t o r p a r k i n g and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . It improves the a c c e s s to the p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s themselves by i n c r e a s i n g the number of e n t r a n c e s and e x i t s t h a t can be obtained and reduces the loan on the V i s i t o r C e n t e r d r o p - o f f on the n o r t h s i d e of Union S t a t i o n . The e n t r a n c e to the bus t e r m i n a l would not be by means of t h i s e l e v a t e d roadway but a s e p a r a t e ramp a c c e s s o f f H S t r e e t j u s t west of the i n t e r s e c t i o n of 2nd S t r e e t . 66 �ALTERNATIVE A STAGE 1 �>—\ T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e t h e r e f o r e , assumes a r e c o n s t r u c t e d H S t r e e t t u n n e l and the p r o v i s i o n o f ramps on and o f f t h e New York Avenue Freeway t o the n o r t h . These freeway ramps would p a r a l l e l the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s meeting grade a t M S t r e e t and c o n n e c t i n g i n t o 1st and 2nd S t r e e t s . U l t i m a t e P l a n (1985) - The u l t i m a t e p l a n o f t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 8 i n d i c a t e s a development to the west and an i s o l a t e d development i n the c o a l y a r d s area. The development t o the west i n c l u d e s t h a t a r e a south o f H S t r e e t between the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s and t h e C e n t e r Leg. The prime p a r c e l i n t h i s package i s the development o f the G.P.O. b l o c k as a p r i v a t e i n v e s t m e n t p a r c e l c o n t a i n i n g 600 p r i v a t e apartment u n i t s , a h o t e l of 500 rooms, 1,200,000 square f e e t o f o f f i c e space, some of which could be l e a s e d f o r F e d e r a l occupancy, and 50,000 square f e e t o f r e t a i l f a c i l i t i e s . Across North C a p i t o l S t r e e t on the p a r c e l n o r t h o f t h e Post O f f i c e , a combined development o f 600,000 square f e e t o f o f f i c e space w i t h the post o f f i c e expansion f a c i l i t i e s i s proposed. A p e d e s t r i a n m a l l under North C a p i t o l S t r e e t w i l l connect the commercial development on t h e G.P.O. b l o c k w i t h t h e t r a n s i t stop and V i s i t o r C e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n . The o t h e r a s p e c t o f t h i s second s t a g e p l a n i s the n o r t h e r n development i n the a r e a between M S t r e e t and t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of F l o r i d a and New York Avenues. T h i s s i t e has the p o t e n t i a l f o r an employment c e n t e r o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l development. The f i n a l s e l e c t i o n o f u s e s w i l l depend on the u l t i m a t e land u s e program s e l e c t e d f o r the New York Avenue C o r r i d o r . Alternative B North C a p i t o l S t r e e t Arena on the G.P.O. B l o c k F i r s t Stage Completion (1978) T h i s a l t e r n a t i v e assumes a s a f i r s t s t a g e the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r development a t Union S t a t i o n , �ALTERNATIVE A ULTIMATE PLAN 1985 ARENA ON R.R. AIR. RIGHTS 8 �i n t e r c o n n e c t e d w i t h an arena and h o t e l complex on t h e G.P.O. b l o c k by an underground p e d e s t r i a n m a l l . (Figure 9 ) . T h i s f i r s t stage t h e r e f o r e , concentrates the development on an e a s t - w e s t a x i s south o f H S t r e e t and depends on the l o c a l s t r e e t system f o r a c c e s s . While the b a s i c elements o f the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r d e s i g n remain unchanged, i t s a c c e s s h a s been v a r i e d . T h i s scheme proposes t h a t the a c c e s s ramps from Union S t a t i o n P l a z a t o the p a r k i n g and t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s be augmented by s p i r a l ramps a t the c e n t e r o f t h e garages c o n n e c t i n g i n t o 1 s t S t r e e t on the west and 2nd S t r e e t on the e a s t . Access to the bus t e r m i n a l would be from H S t r e e t as i n the case o f the p r e v i o u s a l t e r n a t i v e . The l o c a t i o n o f the a r e n a on the G.P.O. b l o c k w i l l p r o v i d e an urban s e t t i n g o f high q u a l i t y f o r t h i s memorial f a c i l i t y and an on-grade c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the r e s t o f the c i t y . A l though the p r i m a r y e n t r a n c e w i l l be from North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , secondary e n t r a n c e s from H S t r e e t and Massachusetts Avenue have been i n d i c a t e d . The remainder o f the p a r c e l i s proposed t o c o n t a i n 800 h o t e l rooms, 600,000 square f e e t of commercial o f f i c e space and 100,000 square f e e t o f r e t a i l f a c i l i t i e s grouped around an a r e n a p l a z a opening t o the west. T h i s f i r s t s t a g e a l s o i n d i c a t e s s e v e r a l new s t r u c t u r e s f o r housing and o f f i c e s f r a m i n g Union S t a t i o n P l a z a on t h e e a s t , and thereby up-grading the e n v i r o n m e n t a l s e t t i n g f o r the V i s i t o r C e n t e r . U l t i m a t e P l a n (1985) - The u l t i m a t e p l a n f o r t h i s a l t e r n a t i v e ( s e e F i g u r e TO) proposes t h e f u t u r e r e l o c a t i o n o f the r a i l r o a d t e r m i n a l t o New York Avenue i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h a VTOL f a c i l i t y . Once t h e t e r m i n a l has been r e l o c a t e d , t r a c k s removed, and the Metro r e l o c a t e d below grade, then the former r a i l r o a d r i g h t - o f - w a y can be developed f o r combined o f f i c e s , employment c e n t e r s and housing u s e s . 70 �ALTERNATIVE B STAGE 1 �F i g u r e 10 i n d i c a t e s two a l t e r n a t i v e l o c a t i o n s f o r the new combined r a i l and VTOL t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t y . One i s south of t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of New York and F l o r i d a Avenues, t h e o t h e r n o r t h o f New York Avenue i n the r a i l road Wye Zone. The u l t i m a t e s e l e c t i o n between these two s i t e s would n a t u r a l l y depend on the r a i l r o a d ' s a s s e s s ment o f t h e p o t e n t i a l s of each. Moreover, i f the r a i l road should decide t o keep i t s f a c i l i t i e s a t Union S t a t i o n , then only a s m a l l f r a c t i o n of the development p o t e n t i a l i n d i c a t e d here could be r e a l i z e d . Economic E v a l u a t i o n o f Design A l t e r n a t i v e s The e v a l u a t i o n o f the two a l t e r n a t i v e p l a n s has two e l e ments. The f i r s t i s t o a s s e s s the impact o f e i t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e on the community, the market generated p o t e n t i a l s , and the f u n c t i o n i n g of the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r elements. The second i s t o p o i n t out the important d i f f e r ences between the two p l a n s . To s e t the framework f o r t h i s d i s c u s s i o n we have a p p l i e d the e v a l u a t i v e model, which was developed i n the Phase 1 r e p o r t s , t o t h e p r e s e n t plans. T h i s model c o n s i d e r s the s u i t a b i l i t y of the p l a n f o r each proposed use by e v a l u a t i n g t h e v a r i o u s components of market demand: 1. Demand independent of any V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r development. 2. The V i s i t o r 3. The v a r i o u s combinations of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n elements. 4. The presence o f arena and c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y . 5. The p r o v i s i o n or u s u r p a t i o n Center. of appropriate sites. The t a b l e , on the f o l l o w i n g page, summarizes the r e s u l t s of t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h i s model t o t h e p r e s e n t a l t e r n a tives. F o r those market u s e s which can and have been q u a n t i f i e d , the " r a t i n g " r e p r e s e n t s t h e p e r c e n t of the t o t a l f o r e c a s t demand which can be c a p t u r e d w i t h i n the Study Area i f the a l t e r n a t i v e were t o be implemented. 72 �ALTERNATIVE B ULTIMATE PLAN 1985 ARENA ON G.P.O. BLOCK 6 B o p <Z«J QCUJS ho5 10 �For non-market-generated u s e s or those f o r which the maximum l e v e l cannot be f o r e c a s t e d , the r a t i n g r e p r e s e n t s a r e l a t i v e r a n k i n g o f t h e two a l t e r n a t i v e s . T h i s r a t i n g should be e v a l u a t e d a g a i n s t a 100 p e r c e n t maximum which would be a v a i l a b l e i f a h y p o t h e t i c a l a l t e r n a t i v e were designed t o maximize each p a r t i c u l a r v a r i a b l e . Plan A Private Offices Public Offices P r i v a t e Apartments S u b s i d i z e d Apartments Hotels Arena Industrial B l u e C o l l a r Employment Plan B 100 100 80 30 90 80 80 95 90 90 80 50 90 100 100 95 I m p l i c i t i n t h i s t a b l e i s the f a c t t h a t both p l a n s r a n k high i n t h e i r economic impact on t h e community; however, t h e r e a r e s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s between them. The r e l a t i v e l y low r a t i n g g i v e n t o s u b s i d i z e d housing i s a r e s u l t of t h e a l l o c a t i o n o f the r a i l p r o p e r t i e s (assuming e i t h e r a i r - r i g h t s or e v e n t u a l removal) f o r predominantly i n d u s t r i a l and employment u s e s . The r a t i n g does not imply t h a t the p l a n s a r e i n i m i c a l t o t h e p r o v i s i o n o f housing i n o t h e r l o c a t i o n s o r t h a t housing c o u l d not be accommodated on the t r a c t s now i d e n t i f i e d as i n d u s t r i a l . Because the b a s i c d i f f e r e n c e between the p l a n s i s t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e a r e n a and the i m p l i c a t i o n s t h e r e o f , the d i s c u s s i o n below w i l l s t a r t w i t h t h i s important element. Arena - The a r e n a w i l l be a key element i n t h e e f f e c t u a t i o n of the p l a n because, as a p u b l i c f a c i l i t y , i t c a n s e t the pace o f development and be c a t a l y s t f o r p r i v a t e i n v e s t m e n t i n the a r e a . F o r t h i s r e a s o n i t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t i t be p r o p e r l y c o n c e i v e d and t h a t i t be a r e a l i s t i c p r o p o s a l . 74 �I n P l a n A the arena i s b u i l t on a i r - r i g h t s over the t r a c k s behind the V i s i t o r C e n t e r garage; i n P l a n B i t i s p l a c e d on the G.P.O. s i t e as the nucleus of a h o t e l - o f f i c e comp l e x . Aside from the p l a n n i n g c o n s i d e r a t i o n s d i s c u s s e d e l s e w h e r e i n t h i s s e c t i o n , the lower r a t i n g a s s i g n e d to Plan A r e f l e c t s : 1. The c o s t of the arena on a i r - r i g h t s as opposed to g r o u n d - l e v e l , and 2. The s u i t a b i l i t y of the Massachusetts Avenue s i t e i n p r o v i d i n g a proper "monumental" s e t t i n g f o r the arena. The c o s t f a c t o r cannot be overemphasized. A i r - r i g h t s cons t r u c t i o n i s complex and the problems a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r a i l road c l e a r a n c e s and m a i n t a i n i n g o p e r a t i n g s e r v i c e w i l l f u r t h e r e s c a l a t e c o s t s . Any e s t i m a t e s of c o s t s a t t h i s time would be o n l y i l l u s t r a t i v e , but i t i s obvious t h a t the p u b l i c r e s o u r c e s a v a i l a b l e f o r the implementation of t h i s p l a n must be j u d i c i o u s l y used. The use of a l a r g e s e c t o r of the t r a c k a r e a f o r the arena would a l s o u s u r p t h i s land f o r l a t e r use i n the event the t r a c k s are e v e n t u a l l y removed — as i s c a l l e d f o r i n P l a n B. P l a n B e n v i s i o n s an employment and housing complex which would u n i t e the nearby r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s to d i m i n i s h the economic and s o c i a l i s o l a t i o n which p r e s e n t l y e x i s t s . On the other hand, any d i r e c t economic b e n e f i t to the H S t r e e t N.E. commercial complex w i l l depend upon a design and p h y s i c a l l i n k a g e w i t h the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Cente complex; the presence of the arena could c r e a t e t h i s . Offices potential therefore the arena Both p l a n s p r o v i d e o f f i c e s i t e s w i t h i n the high a r e a i d e n t i f i e d i n the p r e v i o u s r e p o r t s and can c a p t u r e n e a r l y a l l of the f o r e c a s t s . But i n the middle of the prime a r e a w i l l n a t u r a l l y 75 �usurp some land and may l i m i t the o f f i c e market somewhat, hence, the lower r a t i n g f o r P l a n B. P l a n B should t h e r e f o r e , not a n t i c i p a t e a development of more than about 1,700,000 square f e e t of the maximum market p o t e n t i a l . Apartments - Both p l a n s c a l l f o r the type of h i g h - d e n s i t y uses which w i l l encourage the p r i v a t e apartment market but n e i t h e r has i n c l u d e d apartments as a p a r t of major development packages. T h e r e f o r e , o n l y s m a l l s i t e s below Massachusetts Avenue w i l l be a v a i l a b l e and i t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t o n l y 80 p e r c e n t of 480 u n i t s would be b u i l t i n the Study Area. S u b s i d i z e d housing can be marketed throughout the Study Area where the immediate environment i s s u i t a b l e and approp r i a t e community s e r v i c e s a r e p r o v i d e d . P l a n B, however, p r o v i d e s more s i t e s through the use of the r a i l r o a d r i g h t of-way and thereby e a r n s a h i g h e r r a t i n g . H o t e l s - Both p l a n s p r o v i d e a major development s i t e near or a d j a c e n t to the V i s i t o r C e n t e r which w i l l be the prime g e n e r a t o r of h o t e l demand. However, the maximum p o t e n t i a l f o r h o t e l s was based upon the presence of a major c o n v e n t i o n f a c i l i t y which i s not i n c l u d e d i n e i t h e r a l t e r n a t i v e . T h e r e f o r e , o n l y 2,000 of the maximum f o r e c a s t room demand of 2,200 w i l l be a v a i l a b l e to the Study Area. Furthermore, w i t h 1,050 rooms a l r e a d y accounted f o r i n the Q u a l i t y Motel and the proposed H o l i d a y I n n , t h i s element of the Study Area's development i s being r e a l i z e d . I n d u s t r i a l - Both p l a n s p r o v i d e f o r i n d u s t r i a l growth by t y i n g i n the N o r t h e a s t I a r e a , the B&O c o a l y a r d s and the r a i l r o a d r i g h t - o f - w a y w i t h the p r i n c i p a l a c c e s s roads to the n o r t h e a s t which i s now the c e n t e r of Washington's i n dustrial activity. T h i s p r o v i d e s the land and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n r e s o u r c e s to be matched w i t h the e f f o r t s of the Mayor's Economic Development Committee, Model C i t i e s and o t h e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s to improve the i n n e r - c i t y j o b s u p p l y and the c i t y ' s t a x base. The presence of the a r e n a over 76 �the t r a c k s i n P l a n A would somewhat reduce the s i t e s u l t i m a t e l y a v a i l a b l e f o r i n d u s t r y so a lower r a t i n g i s a s s i g n e d to t h a t p l a n . B l u e C o l l a r Type Jobs - One of the most s i g n i f i c a n t b e n e f i t s to the i n n e r - c i t y of t h i s a r e a development p l a n i s the o p p o r t u n i t y p r o v i d e d f o r employment. Both p l a n s r e t a i n the Post O f f i c e — the l a r g e s t employer — and p r o v i d e f o r a r e l o c a t e d and expanded G.P.O. on the Harmony Cemetery s i t e . T h i s c o n c e n t r a t i o n of j o b s w i l l be s u p p l e mented by 4,000 blue c o l l a r or c l e r i c a l j o b s i n the new i n d u s t r i e s o f f i c e s , and i n h o t e l s . I t i s e s t i m a t e d t h a t under e i t h e r p l a n the number of j o b s i n the Study Area which would be g e n e r a l l y a v a i l a b l e to i n n e r - c i t y r e s i d e n t s would be about 8,500 and the t o t a l Study Area employment would be 32,000. Although each a l t e r n a t i v e has about the same number of j o b s , t h e r e i s some d i f f e r e n c e i n c h a r a c t e r . C o n s i s t e n t w i t h the " r a t i n g s " a s s i g n e d to each employment type, P l a n A would have a h i g h e r s h a r e of o f f i c e workers whereas P l a n B would o f f s e t the reduced o f f i c e employment w i t h additional industrial opportunities. Summary T h i s a n a l y s i s d i s c u s s e s the a l t e r n a t i v e s as p r e s e n t l y proposed and has not c o n s i d e r e d the a d d i t i o n a l impact of a major i n s t i t u t i o n a l use or government f a c i l i t y . I f these uses were developed i n the Study Area they would most d i r e c t l y a f f e c t the i n d u s t r i a l p o t e n t i a l s d e s c r i b e d s i n c e the c o a l y a r d and t r a c k a g e s i t e s have the most f l e x i b i l i t y i n the land use p l a n . I n summary, the f o l l o w i n g c h a r t s k e t c h e s the r e l a t i v e imp a c t of the a l t e r n a t i v e s on the p r i n c i p a l development i s s u e s . The "X" i n d i c a t e s the a l t e r n a t i v e which i s more f a v o r a b l e to each i s s u e . 77 �P r i v a t e Market Demands Cost and s u i t a b i l i t y of arena Economic S p i n - o f f to H S t . N.E. F l e x i b i l i t y of f u t u r e use of t r a c k s Employment of Area R e s i d e n t s S i t e s f o r Housing Plan A X Plan B X X X X X X 78 �CIRCULATION PLANS �TRAFFIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CIRCULATION PLANS The c i r c u l a t i o n and t r a f f i c a n a l y s i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the p r o p o s a l s f o r t h e f u t u r e development of the Study Area begins w i t h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f s e v e r a l c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n n i n g concepts. The a p p l i c a t i o n o f these concepts to the land use development a l t e r n a t i v e s produces a s e r i e s of c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s which can be a n a l y z e d i n terms o f the 1985 t r a v e l demand f o r the l o c a t i o n and a c c e s s t o the major t r a f f i c g e n e r a t o r s . I n t h i s s e c t i o n , t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s , or c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s a r e a n a l y z e d i n terms of a f u l l s e t o f t r a f f i c a s s i g n ments f o r each. These p l a n s a r e as f o l l o w s : 1. The c u r r e n t Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r / Arena complex p l a n as sponsored by the Washington T e r m i n a l Company. T h i s p l a n i n c l u d e s t h e p r o p o s a l of an H S t r e e t overpass s e r v i n g the n o r t h e r n end of the t e r m i n a l and p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s . Also included i s a New York Avenue VTOL f a c i l i t y suggested as the n o r t h e r n node of the 1985 t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r by the N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P l a n n i n g Commission. 2. A m o d i f i c a t i o n of t h e a c c e s s p o r t i o n s o f the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n r e p l a c i n g the H S t r e e t overpass w i t h ramps p a r a l l e l i n g t h e t r a c k a r e a on t h e e a s t and west from K S t r e e t t o Union S t a t i o n P l a z a . The o t h e r elements remain unchanged. T h i s p l a n i s based on A l t e r n a t i v e A of t h e land use development p l a n s . 3. The c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h A l t e r n a t i v e B of t h e land use p l a n s . T h i s p l a n i n t h e u l t i m a t e s t a g e s p l i t s the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t i e s between Union S t a t i o n and New York Avenue (bus and V i s i t o r 80 �C e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n ; r a i l and VTOL t e r m i n a l s a t New York Avenue) and proposes t h e r e l o c a t i o n of the a r e n a t o the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e b l o c k . A f t e r a l l p l a n s have been a n a l y z e d they a r e compared and e v a l u a t e d i n terms of a base s e t o f problems t o be r e solved . T r a f f i c A n a l y s i s of A l t e r n a t i v e C i r c u l a t i o n Plans The c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n n i n g concepts have been e s t a b l i s h e d based on the p r e c e d i n g land use a n a l y s i s and w i t h f u l l r e c o g n i t i o n of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s d i s c u s s e d p r e v i o u s l y . These a r e as f o l l o w s : - Access t o and from t h e Center Leg and the North C e n t r a l Freeway should be as d i r e c t and c o n v e n i e n t as p o s s i b l e u t i l i z i n g minimal l e n g t h s o f s u r f a c e s t r e e t s f o r the connection. - Freeway a c c e s s should be from more than one d i r e c t i o n i n order t o d i s t r i b u t e t r a f f i c thereby a v o i d ing c a p a c i t y problems a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t r a f f i c demands . - Major p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s should be l o c a t e d i n o r d e r to minimize w a l k i n g d i s t a n c e s . - P a r k i n g must be p r o v i d e d i n a t l e a s t t h r e e major b u l k s , one f o r the V i s i t o r C e n t e r , one f o r t h e a r e n a and one f o r the n o r t h e r n s e c t i o n o f t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r c o n t a i n i n g the VTOL P o r t . - K S t r e e t must be m a i n t a i n e d as a major a r t e r i a l s t r e e t i n t h e Washington S t r e e t System, w h i l e H S t r e e t should be c o n s i d e r e d as a secondary a r t e r i a l whose p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n would be to p r o v i d e a c c e s s to and from t h e c e n t r a l a r e a from t h e r e s i d e n t i a l neighborhoods l o c a t e d e a s t o f t h e V i s i t o r Center along H S t r e e t . 81 �- Undue use of l o c a l s t r e e t s or the r e q u i r e d major r e c i r c u l a t i n g movements on the a r t e r i a l s t r e e t s , t h a t i s , Massachusetts Avenue or North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , i . e . major d r o p - o f f and p i c k - u p c i r c u l a t i o n elements should be s e p a r a t e from the major a c c e s s s t r e e t s ; a c c e s s to p a r k i n g should be r e a s o n a b l y c o n v e n i e n t from the e x i t and/or any d r o p - o f f facility. Access to the major p a r k i n g elements should be c o n v e n i e n t l y p o s s i b l e from the freeway c o n n e c t o r s to both the C e n t e r Leg Freeway and the North C e n t r a l Freeway. a The implementation of t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s of a c i r c u l a t i o n concept to a l l t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s w i l l r e s u l t i n a loop s t r e e t system which w i l l encompass the e n t i r e complex between K and Massachusetts Avenue between Second and F i r s t Streets. T h i s loop should be s e p a r a t e d from l o c a l n e i g h borhood or a r e a c i r c u l a t i o n s t r e e t s so as to s e p a r a t e to the e x t e n t p o s s i b l e the two d i f f e r e n t groups of t r a f f i c . Access to the major p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y a t Union S t a t i o n must be a v a i l a b l e from the n o r t h and from the s o u t h , a c c e s s to the a r e n a p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y should be from the c i r c u l a t i o n s t r e e t s f l a n k i n g the b u i l d i n g , and a c c e s s to the p a r k i n g a t the VTOL f a c i l i t y should be a c c e s s i b l e from New York Avenue and from the freeway ramps a t the New York Avenue Freeway. I n g e n e r a l , the p a r k i n g supply r e q u i r e d i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8,000 to 10,000 p a r k i n g s p a c e s . Approximately 3,000 to 5,000 spaces would be needed a t Union S t a t i o n , 3,000 spaces would be needed a t the a r e n a , and l e s s than 1,000 (500 s p a c e s ) spaces would be needed near the VTOL f a c i l i t y . The H S t r e e t Overpass C i r c u l a t i o n Plan The major t r a f f i c g e n e r a t o r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center p l a n which i n c l u d e s the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s p r o p o s a l a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 11. They i n c l u d e the elements of the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n ; the Post O f f i c e ; and a New York Avenue VTOL f a c i l i t y . Based on these elements and the c i r c u l a t i o n 82 �MAJOR STUDY AREA ELEMENTS H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE <5<S ecus 11 �concepts noted above a g e n e r a l c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n has been developed and i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 12. The components of the s i t e - g e n e r a t e d t r a f f i c w i l l the f o l l o w i n g groups: include 1. Visitor patrons 2. R a i l p a t r o n s and v i s i t o r s 3. Bus p a s s e n g e r s and v i s i t o r s 4. A i r - l i m o u s i n e passengers 5. VTOL passengers and v i s i t o r s 6. P o s t O f f i c e employees 7. Post O f f i c e truck 8. T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and V i s i t o r C e n t e r employees 9. Arena p a t r o n s and employees traffic The a c t i v i t i e s o f these groups, g e n e r a l l y as s t a t e d i n terms o f the 1985 t r a v e l f o r e c a s t s i n d i c a t e d p r e v i o u s l y , w i l l cause an i n c r e a s e i n t r a f f i c on the s t r e e t s i n the a r e a i n c l u d i n g some o f t h e new elements of t h e c i r c u l a t i o n system proposed f o r t h e s i t e . I n order t o e v a l u a t e the consequences o f t h e system, and determine i t t o be a workable system, t h e o v e r a l l f o r e c a s t s of t r a v e l have been a n a l y z e d i n d e t a i l to determine peak-hour t r a f f i c volumes on t h e v a r i o u s elements o f t h e system. Peak-Hour T r a f f i c Estimates Peak-hour t r a f f i c e s t i m a t e s were determine f i r s t based on an e s t i m a t e o f peak-hour t r a v e l by the v a r i o u s groups r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h e s i t e p o p u l a t i o n as l i s t e d above. The r e s u l t s o f t h i s a n a l y s i s i s summarized i n T a b l e �CIRCULATION SYSTEM H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE WITH N.Y. AVE. FREEWAY RAMPS 2 5 H S £ P jowl <Z<G ecus 12 �TABLE 3 ESTIMATED 1985 SITE-GENERATED TRAFFIC Traffic Group D a i l y T r a v e l or Employment V i s i t o r C e n t e r Autos V i s i t o r Center T a x i s V i s i t o r C e n t e r Employees Autos R a i l P a t r o n Autos R a i l Patron Taxis R a i l & Bus Employees Autos Bus P a t r o n Autos Bus P a t r o n T a x i s I n t e r - C i t y Buses A i r Limo P a t r o n Autos A i r Limo P a t r o n Taxis A i r Limo Buses VTOL P a t r o n Autos VTOL P a t r o n T a x i s VTOL Employees Autos Post O f f i c e Autos Employees Post O f f i c e T r u c k s Convention Patron T a x i and Auto 70,000 v i s i t o r s / d a y 70,000 v i s i t o r s / d a y 500 employees (peak s h i f t = 300) 15,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 15,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 2,600 employees (2000 peak s h i f t ) 15,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 15,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 30 passengers/bus 10 Peak Accumulation = 100-125 t r u c k s 2,100 persons/day attendance Peak Hr. Factor Peak D i rection Factor 15% 15% 60% 50% 1,320 140 1,920 140 — Peak Hr. Peak Hr. Traffic Traffic Inbound Outbound (1) - 50 200% 60% 115 172 — 21 20% 50% 190 190 43 — 20% 50% 370 370 — 64 200% 75% 472 1,415 — 14 20% 50% 105 155 21 — 20% 60% 145 215 - 20% 60% 80 120 13 18% 50% 125 125 73 - - 18% 20% 50% 50% 690 90 690 90 - 46 18% 50% 220 220 18% 50% 243 243 - 9,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 9,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 20 passengers/bus 9,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 9,000 p a s s e n g e r s / day (two-way) 250 employees (peak s h i f t = 150) 8,400 employees (peak s h i f t = 3800) Percent Auto 87 Mode Use Taxi 45 /1 KL) 500 200% ( 1 ) 60% 60 85 0 40 133% ( 2 ) 60% 775 1, 160 - - 67% 50 25 40 20 100% 200 420 5,390 7,755 50/100% TOTAL ( 1 ) Assumes employees l e a v e i n 30 minutes; c a r occupancy 1.75 p e r s o n s / v e h i c l e . ( 2 ) Assumes employees l e a v e i n 45 minutes. 86 �The V i s i t o r Center and a r e n a e s t i m a t e s a r e somewhat d i f f e r e n t and r e q u i r e more e x p l a n a t i o n . The peak-hour t r a f f i c volumes to and from the V i s i t o r C e n t e r a r e based on the f o r e c a s t of h o u r l y movement as a percentage of the number of d a i l y v i s i t o r s . T h i s d i s t r i b u t i o n was e s t i m a t e d by B o o z - A l l e n & Hamilton i n t h e i r V i s i t o r C e n t e r Report. The peak-hour s e l e c t e d f o r t h i s purpose was 4:30 P.M. to 5:30 P.M. F u r t h e r , the d u r a t i o n of p a r k i n g w i t h i n the V i s i t o r Center garage a f f e c t s the volume of outbound traffic. For the a n a l y s i s we have assumed t h a t the U. S. Park S e r v i c e Tourmobile w i l l be e f f e c t i v e and 50 p e r c e n t of the v i s i t o r s w i l l use the s e r v i c e l e a v i n g t h e i r auto parked i n the garage f o r long p e r i o d s of time, i n e x c e s s of f o u r hours. The t r a f f i c g e n e r a t i o n f o r the arena was based on the assumption t h a t the t y p i c a l weekday a c t i v i t y w i l l be e q u i v a l e n t to 10 p e r c e n t of the maximum s e a t i n g c a p a c i t y of the a r e n a , or a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2,100 persons. T h i s i s an attempt to s e l e c t a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e t r a f f i c demand, r e a l i z i n g t h a t a t c e r t a i n o t h e r p e r i o d s , the a t t e n d ance w i l l be much g r e a t e r . A l s o , t h i s d a i l y t r a f f i c demand should be one a n t i c i p a t e d to c r e a t e t r a f f i c movements d u r i n g the a f t e r n o o n r u s h hour. A l s o , i n T a b l e 3, the Report No. 2 e s t i m a t e of V i s i t o r Center patronage of 70,000 persons per day i s used. This d i f f e r s from e s t i m a t e s prepared by the c o n s u l t a n t s f o r the V i s i t o r Center s i n c e they a r e u s i n g a demand of 50,000 persons per day. Presumably the l a t t e r f i g u r e r e p r e s e n t s a t a r g e t p o p u l a t i o n upon which the s i z e of s e r v i c e f a c i l i t i e s w i t h i n the V i s i t o r Center a r e being designed. It is our f e e l i n g , however, t h a t t h i s may not f o r e s t a l l the presence of a l a r g e r demand by 1985. A l s o , we b e l i e v e t h a t the s i t e p l a n should be t e s t e d f o r the l a r g e r popul a t i o n i n o r d e r to e v a l u a t e i t s impact. The b u l k of a l l t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s as p r o v i d e d i n T a b l e 3 w i l l generate t r a f f i c volumes i n e x c e s s of 20,000 v e h i c l e s d u r i n g the peak hour. 87 �U s i n g a r e l a t i v e l y o p t i m i s t i c c a p a c i t y s t a n d a r d of 600 v e h i c l e s per hour per l a n e f o r a s u r f a c e s t r e e t , the proposed V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r development would r e q u i r e 20 l a n e s of pavement f o r the i n and outbound movement to the s i t e . These volumes r e p r e s e n t the g r o s s s i t e t r a f f i c demand and e s t a b l i s h a g e n e r a l g u i d e l i n e f o r p l a n n i n g i n terms of a t o t a l s i z e of the s t r e e t system. The e v a l u a t i o n of the c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n , however, r e q u i r e s a s t r e e t - b y - s t r e e t a n a l y s i s and i s accomplished v i a a t r a f f i c assignment. The assignment has been based on two f a c t o r s : one, the d i r e c t i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of site-traffic to and from the c i t y and r e g i o n , and two, the r o u t i n g of s i t e - t r a f f i c through the c i r c u l a t i o n system between the e x t e r n a l a c c e s s s t r e e t s and s i t e l o a d i n g p o i n t s ( p a r k i n g and l o a d i n g s p a c e ) . The r o u t i n g i s accomplished by a r a t i o n a l method i n which t r a f f i c i s assumed to f l o w i n the most c o n v e n i e n t p a t t e r n . Each t r a f f i c group was r a t e d i n d e p e n d e n t l y i n t h i s m a t t e r . The d i r e c t i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n was based on the f o l l o w i n g factors: ( 1 ) p o p u l a t i o n d i s t r i b u t i o n i n the Washington r e g i o n ; ( 2 ) d i s t r i b u t i o n of h o t e l rooms i n the c i t y ; ( 3 ) d i s t r i b u t i o n of l o c a l t r i p ends f o r r a i l , bus and a i r t r a v e l p a t r o n s ; ( 4 ) f o r e c a s t of f u t u r e r a i l , bus and a i r t r a v e l t r i p ends as r e p o r t e d i n Report No. 2, T a b l e 9. The i n d i v i d u a l t r a f f i c groups were d i s t r i b u t e d to the ext e r n a l a c c e s s p o i n t s l o c a t e d a t the edge of the Study Area. These p o i n t s were as f o l l o w s : 1. New York Avenue; west of North C a p i t o l S t r e e t . 2. North C a p i t o l S t r e e t ; n o r t h of New 3. F l o r i d a Avenue; n o r t h of New 4. New York Avenue Freeway; to and from s o u t h . 5. New York Avenue Freeway; to and from n o r t h . 6. New York Avenue; e a s t of F l o r i d a Avenue. York Avenue. York Avenue. 88 �H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE 1985 SITE GENERATED TRAFFIC �7. F l o r i d a Avenue; s o u t h from M S t r e e t . 8. K S t r e e t ; e a s t of T h i r d Street. 9. H S t r e e t ; e a s t of T h i r d Street. 10. M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue; e a s t of T h i r d Street. 11. E 12. North C a p i t o l 13. M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue; west of North C a p i t o l 14. H S t r e e t ; west of North C a p i t o l Street. 15. K S t r e e t ; west of North C a p i t o l Street. S t r e e t ; west of M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue. S t r e e t ; s o u t h of M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue. Street. The d i s t r i b u t i o n of t r a f f i c volume groups to each of t h e s e p o i n t s i n c l u d e d the assumption t h a t i n t e r c h a n g e w i t h the New York Avenue Freeway near F l o r i d a Avenue was p o s s i b l e , and would be implemented i n due c o u r s e of time w i t h the completion of the freeway system. 1985 S i t e Generated T r a f f i c The r e s u l t s of the assignment a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 13 showing the f u t u r e P.M. peak-hour s i t e t r a f f i c a c c o r d i n g to i n d i v i d u a l s t r e e t s i n the s i t e c i r c u l a t i o n s t r e e t n e t work. Non-Site I n a d d i t i o n to t h i s t r a f f i c , another major volume of t r a f f i c must be accounted f o r i n t h i s a n a l y s i s . T h i s t r a f f i c r e s u l t s from o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s i n the c e n t r a l a r e a r e l a t e d to land u s e s i n the immediate v i c i n i t y of the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r and those l o c a t e d f a r t h e r away. Traffic C u r r e n t l y , t h i s n o n - s i t e t r a f f i c i s r e p r e s e n t e d by e x i s t i n g t r a f f i c volumes as shown on F i g u r e 14. North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue c a r r y the g r e a t e s t t r a f f i c volumes of n e a r l y 30,000 v e h i c l e s per day. T h i s t r a f f i c i s not a l l n o n - s i t e g e n e r a t e d t r a f f i c , s i n c e the e x i s t i n g 90 �EXISTING DAILY TRAFFIC VOLUMES TWO-WAY 1969 �r a i l r o a d s t a t i o n and post o f f i c e c o n t r i b u t e a s m a l l port i o n t o these volumes. Hence, these e x i s t i n g volumes should be reduced by a t l e a s t 10 p e r c e n t t o e s t i m a t e t h e t r u e volume of n o n - s i t e t r a f f i c . These n o n - s i t e volumes w i l l c o n t i n u e t o i n c r e a s e as the c e n t r a l a r e a grows and a t t r a c t s or generates t r a f f i c . The f r e e w a y s , when they a r e f u l l y implemented, w i l l a t t r a c t much o f t h i s t r a v e l , but s t i l l t h e r e w i l l be s i g n i f i c a n t growth volumes t o be s e r v e d by the a r t e r i a l s t r e e t system such as K S t r e e t , North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , New York Avenue, and Massachusetts Avenue. The D.C. Department of Highways and T r a f f i c has r e c e n t l y completed f o r e c a s t s o f f u t u r e t r a f f i c volumes as p a r t o f the o v e r a l l D i s t r i c t t r a f f i c assignment s t u d i e s . According t o t h e i r p r o j e c t i o n s , F i g u r e 15 shows the e s t i m a t e d 1985 t r a f f i c volumes on t h e s t r e e t system s u r r o u n d i n g t h e proposed V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center s i t e . These t r a f f i c e s t i m a t e s a l s o i n c l u d e some s i t e - t r a f f i c , as did t h e p r e v i o u s e x i s t i n g t r a f f i c volumes. T h e r e f o r e , i n order t o e s t i m a t e n o n - s i t e t r a f f i c , t h e e s t i m a t e s shown i n F i g u r e 15 have been a g a i n d i s c o u n t e d by a f a c t o r of 10 p e r c e n t on those s t r e e t s which a r e i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e proposed elements o f the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center facility. Adding n o n - s i t e volumes to those e s t i m a t e s o f s i t e - g e n e r a t e d t r a f f i c produces the t o t a l 1985 t r a f f i c demand on t h e s t r e e t system i n t h e Study Area. The r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e v e r y high t r a f f i c demands on the major s t r e e t s s u r r o u n d i n g Union S t a t i o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , Massachusetts Avenue, K S t r e e t , and H S t r e e t . I n order to c o n v e r t t h i s e s t i m a t e of t r a f f i c demand to more u s e f u l g u i d e l i n e s f o r p h y s i c a l p l a n n i n g , these volumes have been converted to the number of l a n e s r e q u i r e d and a r e summarized i n F i g u r e 16. 92 �1985 NON-SITE TRAFFIC �1985 T o t a l T r a f f i c Requirements The lane r e q u i r e m e n t s i n d i c a t e the need f o r s u b s t a n t i a l widening along a t l e a s t t h r e e a r t e r i a l s t r e e t s i n the Study Area: North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , K S t r e e t and H S t r e e t . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e s e b a s i c r e q u i r e m e n t s , c e r t a i n i n t e r s e c t i o n s w i l l e x p e r i e n c e v e r y high peak-hour t u r n i n g movements which w i l l r e q u i r e s p e c i a l treatment i n c l u d i n g s i g n a l i z a t i o n , c h a n n e l i z a t i o n , and d u a l t u r n i n g l a n e s . The i n t e r s e c t i o n s a t which t h i s c o n d i t i o n i s a n t i c i p a t e d are: 1. F l o r i d a and New York Avenues 2. M S t r e e t and 3. North C a p i t o l and K S t r e e t s 4. K S t r e e t and First 5. K S t r e e t and Second S t r e e t 6. North C a p i t o l and H S t r e e t 7. H S t r e e t Overpass 8. Massachusetts Avenue and F i r s t 9. North C a p i t o l and M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue Second S t r e e t Street Street 10. 11. M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue and Third 12. Access Q u a l i t y Requirements M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue and F S t r e e t Massachusetts Avenue and Second S t r e e t Street I n a d d i t i o n to these q u a n t i t a t i v e r e s u l t s , the c i r c u l a t i o n network must be reviewed w i t h r e s p e c t to the q u a l i t y of a c c e s s p r o v i d e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y as r e l a t e d to the f u n c t i o n of a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r , t a k i n g i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n community p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s i n f o r c e f o r the contiguous r e s i d e n t i a l areas. �H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE TOTAL TRAFFIC REQUIREMENTS �L o c a l Community The a r e a s around Union S t a t i o n w i t h a c t i v e p l a n n i n g programs i n c l u d e t h r e e renewal p r o j e c t s : Northeast 1 and Northwest 1, l o c a t e d west of the t r a c k s and n o r t h of H S t r e e t , and the H S t r e e t urban r e n e w a l a r e a l o c a t e d e a s t of Union S t a t i o n . Northwest 1 i s a m u l t i p l e d w e l l i n g type r e s i d e n t i a l development and N o r t h e a s t 1 c o n t a i n s commercial and l i g h t i n d u s t r i a l land u s e s . Because of these p l a n s , good a c c e s s to the a r e a and to i n d i v i d u a l development s i t e s i s a d e s i r e d o b j e c t i v e . The H S t r e e t p r o j e c t has as i t s emphasis on the r e s t o r a t i o n and c o n s e r v a t i o n of the e x i s t i n g r e s i d e n t i a l Stanton Park neighborhood. A primary p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e i s to p r e v e n t n o n - l o c a l t r a f f i c p e n e t r a t i o n of the a r e a . K S t r e e t i s designated as the a r t e r i a l i n the a r e a , but H S t r e e t i s to assume a more l o c a l f u n c t i o n . I t i s i n tended t h a t the l a t t e r w i l l s e r v e as a neighborhood c o l l e c t o r s t r e e t w i t h p a r t i c u l a r emphasis on p r o v i d i n g a c c e s s to renewed l o c a l shopping a r e a s and on p r o v i d i n g a conn e c t i o n to the west. The H S t r e e t community r e s i d e n t s a r e concerned w i t h good a c c e s s connections to the Northwest 1 community to the west of the t r a c k s and to and from the c e n t r a l b u s i n e s s d i s t r i c t beyond. Arena and T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center Access S i n c e the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r f u n c t i o n s and t h a t of the arena a r e dependent upon good a c c e s s to and from the r e g i o n a l highway system, and s e c o n d a r i l y upon the a r t e r i a l s t r e e t system, l a r g e r dependency upon the l a t t e r does not n e c e s s a r i l y i n v a l i d a t e a s i t e f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y , but i t must be r e c o g n i z e d t h a t the q u a l i t y of o p e r a t i o n might be impaired. T h e r e f o r e , the proposed p l a n must be e v a l u a t e d i n terms of the a c c e s s p a t t e r n s t h a t would be a v a i l a b l e from the f u t u r e freeway system i n the a r e a . F i g u r e s 17, 18 and 19 i l l u s t r a t e the r o u t e s a v a i l a b l e between p o s s i b l e freeway ramps and the major v e h i c l e d e s t i n a t i o n p o i n t s w i t h i n the s i t e . I n g e n e r a l , the f i n d i n g s of t h i s a n a l y s i s a r e as f o l l o w s : �H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE FREEWAY ACCESS TO AND FROM NORTH �H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE FREEWAY ACCESS TO AND FROM SOUTH �H STREET OVERPASS ALTERNATIVE FREEWAY ACCESS NON-AUTO �(1) Freeway a c c e s s from the n o r t h . The a c c e s s i s g e n e r a l l y good except to the V i s i t o r C e n t e r garage. D r i v e r s must c i r c u l a t e around through the Massachusetts Avenue P l a z a . A l s o , the r e t u r n movement r e q u i r e s a d d i t i o n a l c i r c u l a t i o n via Third Street. (2) Freeway a c c e s s south. (3) Truck and bus a c c e s s . I n n e r - c i t y buses moving from n o r t h to south must c i r c u l a t e around s e v e r a l blocks. T h i s seems to be somewhat cumbersome f o r the l a r g e r v e h i c l e s . Access to south i n v o l v e s c i r c u l a t i n g around a r e s i d e n t i a l b l o c k w i t h c e r t a i n inherent c o n f l i c t s . Post O f f i c e t r u c k s must a l s o f o l l o w these c i r c u i t o u s movements, though to a l e s s e r degree. Access i s g e n e r a l l y good. G e n e r a l l y , these a c c e s s p a t t e r n s i n v o l v e s e v e r a l looping o p e r a t i o n s , many being caused by the H S t r e e t grade separ a t i o n over the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . These o p e r a t i o n s i n c r e a s e the c o m p l e x i t y of the c i r c u l a t i o n system and render the f a c i l i t y l e s s d e s i r a b l e f o r t h e p a t r o n , p a r t i c u l a r l y c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t t h e r e w i l l be many out-of-town v i s i t o r s u s i n g the f a c i l i t y . A l s o , the a d d i t i o n a l c i r c u l a t i o n c r e a t e s h i g h e r t u r n i n g volumes a t some i n t e r s e c t i o n s , c r e a t i n g an i n c r e a s e d p o t e n t i a l f o r c o n g e s t i o n . Summary of T r a f f i c Problems These o v e r a l l c i r c u l a t i o n comments i n d i c a t e t h a t there are a s e r i e s of t r a f f i c problems which c a n be i d e n t i f i e d . The f o l l o w i n g i s a l i s t o f those problems based on c u r r e n t p l a n s f o r the Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r complex, which i n c l u d e s the H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s . 1. H S t r e e t F u n c t i o n - The f o c u s of the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r a c t i v i t i e s on H S t r e e t tends to c o n f l i c t w i t h the f u n c t i o n of H S t r e e t i n the a r e a immediately to the e a s t . The doubling of t r a f f i c * R e f e r Appendix S e c t i o n B f o r notes on r e c e n t bus c i r c u l a t i o n changes i n the Washington T e r m i n a l Company's p l a n . �on t h i s s t r e e t a t the o v e r p a s s would r e p r e s e n t a cong e s t i o n p o t e n t i a l f o r r e s i d e n t s l i v i n g i n t h i s neighborhood and t r a v e l i n g to and from the downtown a r e a . 2. H S t r e e t Overpass - The c o r r e c t i o n of many t r a f f i c movements and v e h i c l e types on the o v e r p a s s w i t h i t s c e r t a i n v i s i b i l i t y c o n s t r a i n t s and grade problems c r e a t e s a congestion prone a r e a . 3. I S t r e e t F u n c t i o n * - The grade s e p a r a t i o n a t H and Second S t r e e t causes n o n - l o c a l t r a f f i c c i r c u l a t i o n i n the I S t r e e t b l o c k . This i s p a r t i c u l a r l y objectionable when used by l a r g e i n t e r - c i t y buses. 4. Massachusetts Avenue P l a z a - The V i s i t o r Center t r a f f i c tends to f o c u s on t h i s a r e a , g r e a t l y adding to i t s t r a f f i c l o a d . These e x t r a v e h i c l e movement would f u r t h e r c o n f l i c t w i t h p e d e s t r i a n movements to and from the C a p i t o l Area and the south. 5. VTOL P o r t - T h i s f a c i l i t y , being i s o l a t e d , w i l l not r e c e i v e a l l the b e n e f i t s which other t r a n s p o r t a t i o n components w i l l have. Freeway a c c e s s e s may be somewhat awkward and the f a c i l i t y w i l l not have t r a n s i t s e r v i c e nor w i l l t h e r e be a p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r to o t h e r i n t e r - c i t y modes. 6. F i r s t S t r e e t T r a f f i c - T h i s s t r e e t i s l i k e l y to be q u i t e a c t i v e , p a r t i c u l a r l y south of K S t r e e t . There i s a p o t e n t i a l problem of c o n f l i c t i n g m a i l t r u c k and automobile t r a f f i c . 7. V i s i t o r C e n t e r E x i t - The e x i t to Massachusetts Avenue P l a z a which i s c o i n c i d e n t w i t h the F i r s t S t r e e t and M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue i n t e r s e c t i o n w i l l become a design problem. The e x i s t e n c e of a two-way F i r s t S t r e e t and a p a r k i n g garage e x i t and drop-off lane e x i t from the V i s i t o r C e n t e r w i t h high d i s c h a r g e P.M. volumes w i l l r e s u l t i n a complex i n t e r s e c t i o n w i t h v e r y d i f f i c u l t solutions. * R e f e r Appendix S e c t i o n B. 101 �8. Arena Drop-off*- The arena d r o p - o f f on H S t r e e t does not have a c o n v e n i e n t c o n n e c t i o n to the arena p a r k i n g facility. Access to the p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y i s only p o s s i b l e by c i r c u l a t i n g around the a r e a u s i n g T h i r d S t r e e t and North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , which adds t r a f f i c to t h e s e s t r e e t s and an inconvenience to the p a t r o n s of the arena. One of these s t r e e t s i s a l o c a l s t r e e t and t h i s n o n - l o c a l f u n c t i o n would be u n d e s i r a b l e . 9. H S t r e e t P r o p e r t y Access - The overpass grades w i l l e l i m i n a t e d i r e c t a c c e s s to c e r t a i n p r o p e r t i e s f r o n t i n g on H S t r e e t . T h i s may become a l e g a l as w e l l as a p l a n n i n g and d e s i g n problem. 10. P a r k i n g f o r the T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center - The p l a n does not i d e n t i f y p a r k i n g supply to be a v a i l a b l e f o r the r a i l and i n n e r - c i t y bus p a t r o n s . The assumption has been made t h a t they would use the V i s i t o r Center garage but v i s i t o r p a r k i n g f o r t h a t f a c i l i t y i s l a r g e enough to f u l l y occupy the spaces programmed. 11. Tourmobiles - The induced h i g h t r a f f i c i n the Massachu s e t t s Avenue P l a z a and the e n t r a n c e - e x i t d e s i g n to the V i s i t o r Center d r o p - o f f lane and p a r k i n g garage w i l l r e s u l t i n c o n f l i c t s w i t h the park s e r v i c e t o u r m o b i l e s . With the high volume of tourmobile a c t i v i t y n e c e s s a r y to s e r v e the l a r g e demand a t the V i s i t o r C e n t e r , t h e r e i s a need to m a i n t a i n a f a i r l y r i g o r o u s and non-delayed schedule. T h i s could be s e r i o u s l y j e o p a r d i z e d by the presence of a l l t h i s o t h e r automobile t r a f f i c coming and going from the garage and t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s . Based on t h i s a n a l y s i s of the proposed p l a n r e f l e c t i n g the p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s f o r the Union S t a t i o n s i t e , t h e r e a r e c e r t a i n s e r i o u s drawbacks which c o n f l i c t w i t h b a s i c obj e c t i v e s f o r the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r . P r i m a r i l y , these n e g a t i v e a s p e c t s i n v o l v e the f o l l o w i n g : * R e f e r Appendix S e c t i o n B. 102 �a. b. The p l a n aggravates c e r t a i n community p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s a f f e c t i n g the H S t r e e t neighborhood. c. The p l a n c r e a t e s the need f o r more complicated t r a f f i c operations. d. Review of A l t e r n a t i v e P l a n s The p l a n p a r t i a l l y a c h i e v e s the b a s i c o b j e c t i v e s of c r e a t i n g a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r w i t h optimum i n t e r f a c e s w i t h the l o c a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n system and w i t h the p r o v i s i o n of maximum mode i n t e r change p o t e n t i a l . The p l a n reduces from the freeway the q u a l i t y of a c c e s s to and system. Because of the f i n d i n g s produced by the preceding a n a l y s i s , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o develop a l t e r n a t i v e c i r c u l a t i o n conc e p t s , ones which would s t i l l be c o n s i s t e n t w i t h some of the p l a n n i n g c o n d i t i o n s , but w i t h an attempt to maximize the achievement of p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s . The p r i n c i p a l i n g r e d i e n t s of a modified concept could as f o l l o w s : be 1. R e i n f o r c e the a c c e s s i b i l i t y of the freeway c o n n e c t i o n to and f r o n the New York Avenue Freeway by i n c r e a s i n g the number of s i t e - a c c e s s c o n n e c t i o n s to the e x t e n s i o n of freeway ramps p a r a l l e l i n g the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . T h i s would i n c l u d e p r o v i d i n g d i r e c t a c c e s s from these new s t r e e t s or extended ramps to a l l major p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s , i n c l u d i n g the V i s i t o r Center p a r k i n g garage. 2. Separate H S t r e e t f u n c t i o n s by p h y s i c a l l y d i s c o n n e c t i n g H S t r e e t from the primary V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center c i r c u l a t i o n system. T h i s might be accomplished by a grade s e p a r a t i o n between H S t r e e t and the n o r t h - s o u t h c i r c u l a t i o n system f o r the complex, a l l o w i n g H S t r e e t to pass underneath the a i r - r i g h t s development and i t s c i r c u l a t i o n system. T h i s would i n e f f e c t , m a i n t a i n �H S t r e e t as a neighborhood a c c e s s s t r e e t w i t h a v e r y minimal r o l e f o r s i t e c i r c u l a t i o n . 3. P a r k i n g might be d i s t r i b u t e d i n order t o e l i m i n a t e the c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f v e h i c l e t r a f f i c on Union S t a t i o n . P o s s i b l y , major amounts of t h e p a r k i n g supply could be moved n o r t h i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f VTOL P o r t to f u n c t i o n as a remote p a r k i n g supply f o r the a r e n a , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and v i s i t o r c e n t e r s . Access between t h i s p a r k i n g and Union S t a t i o n c o u l d be provided by some type of d i s t r i b u t o r mode r u n n i n g p a r a l l e l to the t r a c k s o r by c r e a t i n g a new r a p i d t r a n s i t s t o p a t New York Avenue and p r o v i d i n g d i r e c t Metro a c c e s s . 4. The arena might be r e l o c a t e d t o another b l o c k w i t h i n t h i s g e n e r a l v i c i n i t y of t h e c e n t r a l a r e a . T h i s would remove i t s p a r k i n g load from the H S t r e e t - F i r s t S t r e e t Second S t r e e t v i c i n i t y and could be another s t e p t o ward d i s t r i b u t i n g the load more e v e n l y over the g e n e r a l area. The a p p l i c a t i o n of these items or c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i s p a r t of t h e c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h two development a l t e r n a t i v e s (A and B) d i s c u s s e d p r e v i o u s l y i n t h e land use s e c t i o n s o f t h i s Report. These a r e i l l u s t r a t e d by F i g u r e s 20 and 2 1 . Circulation Plan: Alternative A A l t e r n a t i v e A r e p r e s e n t s a p l a n which e s s e n t i a l l y r e t a i n s the form and s t r u c t u r e of the Union S t a t i o n T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center but attempts t o a d j u s t the c i r c u l a t i o n elements i n o r d e r to p r i m a r i l y p r o v i d e d i r e c t freeway a c c e s s from t h e n o r t h t o the V i s i t o r C e n t e r , r a i l and bus f a c i l i t i e s , and to s e p a r a t e H S t r e e t from t h i s system so t h a t H S t r e e t may r e t a i n i t s more l o c a l f u n c t i o n . The p r i n c i p a l new element o f the p l a n would be the p r o v i s i o n of two n o r t h south o v e r p a s s e s l o c a t e d on the e a s t and west s i d e s of the t r a c k zone. They would begin j u s t south of K S t r e e t �ALTERNATIVE A 1985 CIRCULATION PLAN �and come back to ground grade a t Massachusetts Avenue. They would overpass H S t r e e t , the l a t t e r being kept i n a renovated underpass beneath the t r a c k s . The o v e r p a s s e s would p r o v i d e high c a p a c i t y a c c e s s to the arena p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y , arena d r o p - o f f a r e a , the V i s i t o r Center p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y , and V i s i t o r Center d r o p - o f f . Hence, i n those a r e a s where t r a f f i c would move s l o w l y and where p e d e s t r i a n s would be p r e s e n t , the c i r c u l a t i o n element would have a s i n g l e f u n c t i o n ; no l a r g e combination of e v e n t s would be c o n c e n t r a t e d a t a common p o i n t . Circulation Plan: Alternative B The A l t e r n a t i v e B p l a n would e n v i s i o n the r e l o c a t i o n of the r a i l f a c i l i t y to a p o i n t near New York Avenue as proposed i n the recommended p l a n of Report #3. T h i s would c r e a t e the combination of the a i r t r a v e l and r a i l t r a v e l f a c i l i t y which would r e c r e a t e the o p p o r t u n i t y f o r i n t e r - c i t y mode i n t e r - c h a n g e . I t a l s o d i s t r i b u t e s t r a f f i c by removing some of the loads from the H S t r e e t - M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue v i c i n i t y and p l a c i n g i t i n the F l o r i d a Avenue-New York Avenue a r e a . T h i s b i - n o d a l e f f e c t s t r e n g t h e n s the whole Study Area from the s t a n d p o i n t t h a t a second r a p i d t r a n s i t stop may now be r e a s o n a b l y proposed a t New York Avenue, thereby i n c r e a s i n g the i n t r a - c i t y - i n t e r - c i t y t r a n s f e r p o t e n t i a l s f o r a l l i n t e r - c i t y modes. The combination of these f a c i l i t i e s would a l s o i n c l u d e the r e l o c a t i o n of a l a r g e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y to the n o r t h e r n p o r t i o n of the Study Area and cause the r e d i s t r i b u t i o n of t r a f f i c demands. T h i s p l a n shows the r e l o c a t i o n of the arena to the Government P r i n t ing O f f i c e b l o c k . T h i s r e l o c a t i o n a l s o spreads t r a f f i c out i n the a r e a , but s t i l l m a i n t a i n s the arena i n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y to the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r so t h a t c o n n e c t i o n s v i a the s p e c i a l w a l k i n g concourses or o t h e r mechanical means a r e s t i l l p o s s i b l e . The a r e n a , then, can make use of V i s i t o r C e n t e r p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s f o r i t s l a r g e ( a t t e n d a n c e ) e v e n t s . The i n t e r c i t y bus s t a t i o n i n combination w i t h the V i s i t o r Center �ALTERNATIVE B 1985 CIRCULATION PLAN �then would be t h e o n l y t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f a c i l i t y r e m a i n i n g at Union S t a t i o n . T h i s combination i s somewhat r e a s o n a b l e to t h e e x t e n t t h a t i n t e r - c i t y buses have a more u n i f o r m d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e n a t i o n a l r e g i o n around Washington, t h a t i s , w i t h i n 250 m i l e s from which t h e l a r g e percentage of v i s i t o r s t o Washington o r i g i n a t e . A l s o , t h e bus t e r m i n a l i s more c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e c h a r t e r bus t r a f f i c to be generated by the V i s i t o r C e n t e r i n s o f a r as t h e use o f common ramps designed a c c o r d i n g t o common c r i t e r i a f o r v e h i c l e s i z e i s concerned. I n t e r - c i t y buses do not seem to have any r e a s o n a b l e t r a n s f e r p o t e n t i a l w i t h o t h e r i n t e r c i t y modes so t h a t t h i s s i n g u l a r i t y i s not damaging t o t h e basic r o l e of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n center. By moving the r a i l s t a t i o n t o t h e n o r t h e r n p o i n t , the r a i l t r a c k a g e l o c a t e d g e n e r a l l y south o f M S t r e e t c a n be r e duced, and land r e t u r n e d t o o t h e r purposes more c o n s i s t e n . w i t h land u s e p l a n n i n g o b j e c t i v e s f o r t h e a r e a . T h i s p l a n would r e q u i r e t h a t t h e r a p i d t r a n s i t l i n e would be r e t a i n e d i n a subway d e s i g n from Union S t a t i o n n o r t h t o some p o i n t n o r t h of K S t r e e t . Access t o t h e n o r t h e r l y edge of t h e V i s i t o r C e n t e r garage would r e q u i r e s p e c i a l ramps, p o s s i b l e s p i r a l ramps, t o a c h i e v e a c c e s s from ground l e v e l to the air-rights elevation. J Each o f t h e a l t e r n a t i v e s e n v i s i o n s s e v e r a l l a r g e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o be i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e development. These a r e g e n e r a l l y as f o l l o w s : A l t e r n a t i v e A: 1. V i s i t o r Center - 5,200 spaces 2. Arena ( A i r - R i g h t s ) - 4,000 spaces 3. VTOL - 500 spaces 108 �A l t e r n a t i v e B: 1. V i s i t o r Center - 5,200 spaces 2. Arena ( a t GPO b l o c k ) 3,000 spaces 3. New York Avenue 2,000 spaces - T h i s supply would be capable o f s e r v i n g t h e maximum a c t i v i t i e s f o r the v a r i o u s land use elements i n c l u d e d i n t h e p l a n . During t h e average weekday, t h e r e would be a s u r p l u s of p o s s i b l y , 2,500 t o 4,000 p a r k i n g spaces ( t h e l a r g e r q u a n t i t y d u r i n g w i n t e r months). Because of the c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o o t h e r commercial and o f f i c e a r e a s and the a v a i l a b i l i t y of t r a n s i t s e r v i c e t o t h e core of the C e n t r a l Area, t h i s s u r p l u s could be a t t r a c t i v e as remote p a r k i n g f o r t h e C e n t r a l Area. T h i s use would g r e a t l y a s s i s t economic c o n d i t i o n s p e r t a i n i n g to development of these l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s of p a r k i n g . Each of these two p l a n s would have a f i r s t s t a g e . The p r e c e d i n g d i s c u s s e d o n l y t h e u l t i m a t e stage which w i l l be the p l a n t o be t e s t e d and e v a l u a t e d i n d e t a i l , but the f i r s t stage should be i d e n t i f i e d t o d e s c r i b e how the changes from e x i s t i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e t o t a k e p l a c e . The f i r s t s t a g e f o r A l t e r n a t i v e A w i l l be: 1. 2. R a i l and bus t e r m i n a l a t Union S t a t i o n . 3. The V i s i t o r Center and garage. New o v e r p a s s e s to be developed from K S t r e e t . f i r s t s t a g e f o r A l t e r n a t i v e B w i l l be: 1. V i s i t o r Center and garage. 2. R a i l and bus t e r m i n a l s a t Union S t a t i o n . 3. Arena a t G.P.O. s i t e . 109 �S i n c e the f i r s t s t a g e would be c o n s t r u c t e d p r i o r t o 1975, i t i s l i k e l y t h a t t h e s e developments w i l l p r e cede the e x t e n s i o n o f t h e freeway system t o the n o r t h and e a s t and t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e new i n t e r c h a n g e near New York and F l o r i d a Avenues. T h i s w i l l p l a c e more immediate burden upon North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and New York Avenue. T r a f f i c Demand E a r l i e r i n t h i s Report, t h e b a s i c t r a v e l e s t i m a t e s f o r i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l modes were summarized. I n o r d e r t o t e s t the w o r k a b i l i t y o f t h e above a l t e r n a t i v e s , these t r a v e l demands must be c o n v e r t e d to an e s t i m a t e d peak hour t r a f f i c volume. A l s o , the n o n - i n t e r c i t y t r a v e l demands must be added t o i d e n t i f y t h e t o t a l t r a f f i c demand t o be accommodated by t h e c i r c u l a t i o n system. T a b l e 4 summarizes these generated t r a f f i c volumes a c c o r d ing t o the v a r i o u s i n d i v i d u a l components. Using an assignment technique ( d e s c r i b e d e a r l i e r ) , f o r which e s t i m a t e s o f t h e g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s t r a f f i c and t h e r o u t e s they would f o l l o w w i t h i n t h e Study Area were made, t h e s e 1985 volumes were a s s i g n e d to t h e a l t e r n a t i v e c i r c u l a t i o n p l a n s . The r e s u l t s a r e i l l u s t r a t e d by F i g u r e s 22 and 23. As w i t h t h e p r e v i o u s a n a l y s i s , t h e s e r e s u l t s show a h i g h peak-hour t r a f f i c volume a t s e v e r a l l o c a t i o n s . F o r A l t e r n a t i v e A, the h i g h volumes o c c u r along t h e new s t r e e t s p a r a l l e l i n g t h e t r a c k s from t h e New York Avenue Freeway t o Massachusetts Avenue, i . e . North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , Massachusetts Avenue, K S t r e e t and New York Avenue. The volumes on H S t r e e t would be low. For A l t e r n a t i v e B, h i g h volumes would be p r e s e n t on F i r s t and Second S t r e e t s from the New York Avenue Freeway t o Massachusetts Avenue, i . e . Massachusetts Avenue, North C a p i t o l S t r e e t , New York Avenue, and on H S t r e e t west o f F i r s t Street. �TABLE 4 ESTIMATED 1985 S I T E GENERATED EQUIVALENT P.M. PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC VOLUMES Component V i s i t o r C e n t e r P a t r o n Autos V i s i t o r Center Patron T a x i V i s i t o r C e n t e r Employee Autos R a i l P a t r o n Autos R a i l Patron Taxi R a i l and Bus Employee Autos I n t e r - C i t y Bus A i r L i n e s Bus Bus P a t r o n Autos Bus P a t r o n T a x i A i r L i n e s P a t r o n Autos Air Lines Patron T a x i VTOL P a t r o n Autos VTOL P a t r o n T a x i VTOL Employee Autos Post O f f i c e Employee Autos Post O f f i c e T r u c k s Arena P a t r o n T a x i Arena P a t r o n Autos Lane Requirements Outbound 1,920 140 172 190 370 1,415 120 90 155 215 125 690 220 243 85 1,160 25 280 140 Inbound 1,320 140 115 190 370 472 80 90 105 145 125 690 220 243 60 775 50 180 20 To t h e s e e s t i m a t e s must be added n o n - s i t e t r a f f i c which would be u s i n g the a r t e r i a l s t r e e t system i n t h i s a r e a . F i g u r e 15, i l l u s t r a t e d p r e v i o u s l y , summarized these demands based upon e s t i m a t e s prepared by the D.C. Department of Highways and T r a f f i c as p a r t of t h e i r l a r g e r r e g i o n a l t r a f f i c s t u d y . Combining the r e s u l t s of F i g u r e s 22 and 15, and F i g u r e s 23 and 15, p r o v i d e s a means to determine the b a s i c s t r e e t needs f o r each a l t e r n a t i v e p l a n . F i g u r e s 24 and 25 summarize t h e s e f i n d i n g s . The lane needs f o r each p l a n a r e v e r y s i m i l a r . The major d i f f e r e n c e s occur along H S t r e e t and Massachusetts Avenue. A l t e r n a t i v e A has a s m a l l e r requirement f o r H S t r e e t , but a l a r g e r requirement f o r Massachusetts Avenue as compared to A l t e r n a t i v e B. �ALTERNATIVE A 1985 SITE GENERATED TRAFFIC �ALTERNATIVE B 1985 SITE GENERATED TRAFFIC �ALTERNATIVE A TOTAL TRAFFIC LANE REQUIREMENTS �ALTERNATIVE B TOTAL TRAFFIC LANE REQUIREMENTS �T h i s r e s u l t s from the grade s e p a r a t i o n s a t H S t r e e t p r o posed as p a r t of A l t e r n a t i v e A. For each p l a n , the p r o v i s i o n of s u f f i c i e n t l y - w i d e s t r e e t s i s r e a s o n a b l y f e a s i b l e . There would be d i f f i c u l t i e s , however, along North C a p i t o l S t r e e t and M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue i n both p l a n s . I n a d d i t i o n to these a n t i c i p a t e d f u t u r e d a i l y t r a f f i c cond i t i o n s , the arena w i l l e x p e r i e n c e f r e q u e n t (weekend and e v e n i n g ) t r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n s which w i l l be s u b s t a n t i a l l y g r e a t e r than those shown i n T a b l e 4. F o r an a r e n a , the maximum c o n d i t i o n s would be g e n e r a t e d by a s p o r t i n g e v e n t . For such c a s e s , t h e peak inbound load would be 3,400 v e h i c l e s p e r hour and peak outbound would be 3,960 v e h i c l e s per hour. Of these volumes, 1,900 v e h i c l e s p e r hour i n bound and 3,400 v e h i c l e s p e r hour outbound would r e p r e s e n t p e a k - r a t e volumes t o and from the a r e n a p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y . Based upon the e s t i m a t e d d i r e c t i o n of approach c h a r a c t e r i s t i c f o r t h i s a c t i v i t y ( a s r e p o r t e d e a r l i e r ) , the p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y should c o n t a i n f o u r major a c c e s s p o i n t s and two minor ones. The l a t t e r would be to and from the d r o p - o f f roadway, the others would be e q u a l l y d i s t r i b u t e d along G and H S t r e e t s . The diagrams i n F i g u r e 26 i l l u s t r a t e these needs. The a c c e s s concept u t i l i z e s r e v e r s i b l e l a n e s a t the a c c e s s p o i n t s t o minimize t h e s e s t r e e t c o n n e c t i o n s and to improve s p a c i n g between t h e s e i n t e r s e c t i o n s . Comparative A n a l y s i s of the Three C i r c u l a t i o n P l a n s Reviewed The a n a l y s i s of the c u r r e n t V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r p l a n i n d i c a t e d e l e v e n s p e c i f i c problems, w h i c h , taken c o l l e c t i v e l y , indicated a less-than-desirable t r a f f i c s o l u t i o n . Thus, i n o r d e r to judge the m e r i t s o f the A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B, the comparison s h o u l d b e g i n w i t h an e v a l u a t i o n as t o whether the enumerated e l e v e n problems were s o l v e d o r e l i m i n a t e d , f o l l o w e d by a comparison o f a l l t h r e e p l a n s . The c o m p a r a t i v e r e s u l t s w i l l thus show g e n e r a l consequences of adopting e i t h e r of the a l t e r n a t i v e s proposed. �T a b l e 5 l i s t s the e l e v e n i n i t i a l problems developed p r e v i o u s l y and the r e s o l u t i o n a f f o r d e d by A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B. These r e s u l t s i n d i c a t e a d e f i n i t e improvement. Alternat i v e B would seem to p r o v i d e s l i g h t l y more b e n e f i t s . I t s impact on the r o l e of H S t r e e t would s t i l l not reduce t h i s s t r e e t to a p u r e l y l o c a l f u n c t i o n , however, t r a f f i c loads and f u n c t i o n would be reduced. The h i g h e r volumes would be west of F i r s t S t r e e t , not i n the H S t r e e t r e s i d e n t i a l neighborhood. A l s o , the s t r e e t w i l l not be s u b j e c t e d to i n t e n s e p a r k i n g a c c e s s or p a t r o n d r o p - o f f t r a f f i c loads. Comparing A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B r e q u i r e s the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a which are deemed s i g n i f i c a n t . These c r i t e r i a must r e l a t e to t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r o b j e c t i v e s and o t h e r Study Area o b j e c t i v e s , and w i l l i n c l u d e some of the items l i s t e d i n T a b l e 5. Thus, i n o r d e r to d e t e r mine the r e l a t i v e m e r i t s of A l t e r n a t i v e s A and B, the f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a are used: 1. 2. T r a f f i c Loading C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 3. T r a f f i c Capacity 4. Q u a l i t y of Access 5. The Role of S t r e e t s i n System Planning Objectives r e s u l t s are summarized i n T a b l e 6. 117 �TABLE 5 COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES A AND B WITH I N I T I A L PROBLEMS Alternative A Problem 1. H Street Function 2. O p e r a t i o n of H S t r e e t Overpass I Street Function Massachusetts Avenue Plaza T r a f f i c VTOL I s o l a t i o n 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Returns to l o c a l Reduces l o a d ; not l o c a l Eliminated No l o c a l p e n e t r a t i o n Eliminated No l o c a l p e n e t r a t i o n Still Still S t i l l present R a i l combination a v a i l a b l e and t r a n s i t s e r v i c e S t i l l present present isolated C o n f l i c t s o l v e d on F i r s t Street S o l v e d , weaving s t i l l Design Problem present Massachusetts Ave. & 1 s t S t . Arena d r o p - o f f to Solved Parking H Street Property Solved Access P a r k i n g f o r R a i l and S t i l l unavailable Bus Tourmobile c o n f l i c t S t i l l present M a i l Truck-Auto Alternative B conflict still S o l v e d , weaving present still Solved Solved Provided Still present SUMMARY: Number o f Problems E l i m i n a t e d 5 6 Number of Problems Reduced 2 2 Problems Acted Upon 7 8 118 �TABLE 6 RELATIVE COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES A AND B Criteria 1. Role Of S t r e e t s Alternative A a. Does not c r e a t e nonl o c a l use o f l o c a l streets. Alternative B a. M a i n t a i n s a r t e r i a l s t r e e t f u n c t i o n s as d e s i r e d . b. b. M a i n t a i n s a r t e r i a l s t r e e t f u n c t i o n as desired. c. S e p a r a t e s f u n c t i o n s c. spatially. d. R e q u i r e s more s t r e e t s d. to s e r v e s i t e f o r circulation. e. Reduces need o f H S t r e e t t o minimum. f. Increases f u n c t i o n of M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue as p a r k i n g a c c e s s s t r e e t . 2. T r a f f i c Loading S e p a r a t e s f u n c t i o n s more according to Transportation C e n t e r and V i s i t o r C e n t e r . C o n c e n t r a t e s T.C. a c t i v i t i e s i n smaller area. M a i n t a i n s h i g h use of H S t r e e t west of t r a c k s which does r e p r e s e n t a c o m p e t i t i o n f o r space w i t h H S t r e e t neighborhood t r a f f i c t r a v e l i n g to the C e n t r a l Area. a. I n c r e a s e s t r a f f i c loads a. on M a s s a c h u s e t t s Avenue and North C a p i t o l S t . compared t o A l t e r n a t i v e B. b. S i x i n t e r s e c t i o n s have b. potential l e f t turn problem. c. T o t a l s t r e e t lane c. needs a r e s i m i l a r , more needed on Massac h u s e t t s Avenue d. d. More r i g h t - o f - w a y r e q u i r e d along F i r s t S t . e. S e p a r a t e s h i g h e r speed t r a f f i c coming from or going to New York Avenue Freeway. F i v e i n t e r s e c t i o n s have p o t e n t i a l l e f t t u r n problem ( i . e . , e x t r a measures r e q u i r e d t o upgrade capacity). More s t r e e t l a n e s r e q u i r e d on H S t r e e t west o f t r a c k s . T r a f f i c volumes tend t o have more u n i f o r m l o a d i n g . P o t e n t i a l c o n f l i c t between arena t r a f f i c and Post O f f i c e t r a c k s along North Capitol Street 119 �TABLE 6 (continued) RELATIVE COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES A AND Criteria B Alternative A Alternative B 3. T r a f f i c Capacity a. T r a f f i c problem l o c a t i o n s a. T r a f f i c problem l o c a t i o n s w i l l be: Massaw i l l be: Massachusetts c h u s e t t s Avenue and Avenue and North C a p i t o l First S t r e e t , North New York Avenue and F i r s t C a p i t o l and H S t r e e t , S t r e e t , Massachusetts and Massachusetts AveAvenue and Second S t r e e t , nue and North C a p i t o l and New York Avenue and Street. F l o r i d a Avenue. b. S u b s t a n t i a l l y more t r a f f i c b. I n c r e a s e s i n t e r n a l t r a f f i c p a s s i n g through Union operations at TransportaS t a t i o n P l a z a which cont i o n Center. f l i c t w i t h p e d e s t r i a n s and tourmobiles. c. P o s s i b l e g r e a t e r weaving c. B a s i c a l l y , l e s s complicated problem on F i r s t S t r e e t s t r e e t system which w i l l j u s t n o r t h of Massachuinduce b e t t e r d r i v e r operas e t t s Avenue. tion. 4. Access Q u a l i t y a. Reasonable freeway a c c e s s to n o r t h and south edges of s i t e . b. Access from Center Leg ramps a t H S t r e e t r e q u i r e s c i r c u i t o u s movement to a r r i v e a t s i t e . (See F i g u r e 2 7 ) . 5. Planning Objectives a. C o n s i s t e n t w i t h o t h e r area planning o b j e c t i v e s NE I and H S t r e e t projects. b. Has o n l y one s t r o n g node f o c u s e s more a c t i v i t y a t one p o i n t w i t h c o r r e s ponding r e f l e c t i o n i n t r a f f i c demand. a. Most d i r e c t freeway (See F i g u r e 2 8 ) . access b. Encourages l e s s use of Center Leg ramps which w i l l be a l r e a d y h e a v i l y used by o t h e r t r a f f i c . a. Simpler b a s i c system, which would b e n e f i t v i s i t o r s . b. R e q u i r e s l e s s s t r e e t s . 120 �TABLE 6 (continued) RELATIVE COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES A AND B Criteria Alternative A Alternative B 5. c. Does not p r e s e n t s t r o n g est transportation c e n t e r from s t a n d p o i n t of i n t e r c i t y t r a n s f e r p o t e n t i a l o r l o c a l mode connections. d. R e q u i r e s l e s s c o s t l y freeway i n t e r c h a n g e s . c. Strengthens t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r concept. e. Freeway weaving problem p o t e n t i a l s reduced. e. Has more o p p o r t u n i t i e s to c r e a t e m u l t i p l e - u s e of p a r k i n g . Planning Objectives (continued) d. Expands r a p i d t r a n s i t service potentials. f . C r e a t e s t h r e e major nodes. activity g. Causes longer p e d e s t r i a n connections or r e q u i r e s m e c h a n i c a l conveyance system. h. R e s p e c t s a r e a p l a n n i n g objectives. i. Requires s u b s t a n t i a l changes i n r a i l r o a d system but r e t u r n s more l a n d f o r other use. 121 �ALTERNATIVE A FREEWAY ACCESS PATTERNS �ALTERNATIVE B FREEWAY ACCESS PATTERNS �These comparisons i n d i c a t e t h a t each a l t e r n a t i v e has s e v e r a l strong points. A l t e r n a t i v e B, g e n e r a l l y , maximizes the achievement of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r functional objectives. A l t e r n a t i v e A concentrates more a c t i v i t i e s a t one p o i n t , and i t p l a c e s l e s s r e l i a n c e on H S t r e e t . On t h e o t h e r hand, A l t e r n a t i v e B r e t u r n s more land to community use and o f f e r s more c o n t a c t w i t h the H S t r e e t neighborhood which could b e n e f i t t h a t a r e a i n terms o f i t s development. �CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS �CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS As s t a t e d i n t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of t h i s Report, t h e e s s e n t i a l purpose o f t h i s second phase of t h e Study has been t o r e v i e w and a n a l y z e the impact o f t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r p l a n proposed by o t h e r s on t h e f u t u r e development o f the Study Area. I n a n a l y z i n g t h i s impact, t h e a r e a south of New York Avenue has been c o n s i d e r e d i n d e t a i l as t h e p o r t i o n of t h e s i t e most a f f e c t e d by the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r p l a n f o r Union S t a t i o n . The r e v i e w of t h i s impact has i n c l u d e d an economic a n a l y s i s of the r e s u l t a n t f u t u r e development p o t e n t i a l s as w e l l as an a n a l y s i s o f a l t e r n a t i v e t r a f f i c c i r c u l a t i o n systems which would s a t i s f y the c o n c e n t r a t e d demand focused on Union S t a t i o n . The c o n c l u s i o n s from t h i s t e c h n i c a l a n a l y s i s have t h r e e aspects. One, g e n e r a l r e g i o n a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ; two, f u t u r e economic p o t e n t i a l c o n c l u s i o n s ; and t h r e e , traffic analysis. Regional Transportation Conclusions Given that the primary o b j e c t i v e of the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r s h o u l d be i t s s e r v i c e t o t h e i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l e r , t h i s r e p o r t concludes t h e f o l l o w i n g : a. A t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r a t Union S t a t i o n w i l l s e r v e a r e g i o n a l , r a t h e r than a s p e c i a l purpose r o l e i n the f u t u r e . As a l o c a t i o n , t h i s c e n t e r w i l l have good c o n n e c t i o n s t o l o c a l and t r a n s f e r modes but w i l l s u f f e r from an over-dependence on l o c a l s t r e e t s f o r c o n n e c t i o n s t o t h e freeway system. b. The c e n t e r proposed w i l l not i n c r e a s e t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r between i n t e r - c i t y modes of comparable time and c o s t . �c. d. S i n c e the f l i g h t path r e s t r i c t i o n s would not p r o h i b i t the use of any of the VTOL s i t e s c o n s i d e r e d w i t h i n the Study Area, the l i m i t i n g f a c t o r on a VTOL development would be i t s n o i s e impact on the r e s i d e n t i a l communities. I n terms of t h i s n o i s e impact, the r a i l r o a d Wye Zone n o r t h of New York Avenue would have the l e a s t e f f e c t , and t h e r e f o r e , would be the most d e s i r a b l e f o r a VTOL f a c i l i t y . However, no VTOL f a c i l i t y should be planned w i t h o u t c o n s u l t a t i o n and acceptance of the i n t e r e s t s i n v o l v e d i n c l u d i n g F.A.A. and the l o c a l communities. f. Conclusions F u r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n should be g i v e n to the development of a second t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r node i n the New York Avenue C o r r i d o r of the Study Area c o n t a i n i n g VTOL and r a i l t e r m i n a l s . Such a n o r t h e r n node would reduce t r a f f i c i n the Union S t a t i o n a r e a , r e move the down-grading i n f l u e n c e of the r a i l r o a d r i g h t s - o f - w a y i n the K and H S t r e e t a r e a s , and i n c r e a s e the p o t e n t i a l f o r i n t e r - c i t y mode t r a n s f e r . e. Economic The c o s t a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the c o n s t r u c t i o n of a VTOL p o r t as an i s o l a t e d f a c i l i t y would probably p r e c l u d e its realization. A major a i r - g r o u n d a c c e s s l i m o u s i n e t e r m i n a l would not be a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d w i t h i n the Study Area. The concern of the economic a n a l y s i s has been the b a l a n c i n g of the d i v e r s e needs of the v a r i o u s i n t e r e s t groups concerned w i t h the development of the Study Area. These groups range from the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n C e n t e r patrons a t one end, to the p r o p e r t y owners and l o c a l community a t the o t h e r . A g e n e r a l attempt has been made to propose a p p r o p r i a t e u s e s i n keeping w i t h the type of l i v i n g , w o r k i n g , and v i s i t o r environment e n v i s i o n e d f o r the f u t u r e downtown Washington. The economic c o n c l u s i o n s were as follows: 127 �a. b. An a n a l y s i s of the Study Area development p a t t e r n s compared to o t h e r a r e a s i n Washington has concluded t h a t i t i s more a p p r o p r i a t e l y s u i t e d to an a r e n a than a c o n v e n t i o n and e x h i b i t i o n f a c i l i t y . c. The economic b e n e f i t s to the l o c a l community of the V i s i t o r / T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center development i s dependent on t h e i r w i l l i n g n e s s to p r o v i d e development s i t e s f o r the demand generated. C o n v e r s e l y , the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r developments should not r e s t r i c t or a d v e r s e l y a f f e c t the l o c a l r e n e w a l community's development objectives. d. T r a f f i c and S i t e C i r c u l a t i o n Conclusions The Study Area, by 1985, has the p o t e n t i a l f o r the development of almost 2 m i l l i o n square f e e t of o f f i c e space, 2,200 new h o t e l rooms, a maximum of 600 u n i t s of p r i v a t e apartments, and a 12,000 to 15,000 s e a t a r e n a . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e s e , t h e r e i s the non-market p o t e n t i a l f o r a d d i t i o n a l s u b s i d i z e d housing, new i n d u s t r i a l employment c e n t e r s , and c i t y - s e r v i n g educat i o n a l complexes. The New York Avenue a r e a has the p o t e n t i a l f o r being a major in-town employment c e n t e r . The a r e n a l o c a t e d as a i r - r i g h t s f a c i l i t y over the r a i l r o a d t r a c k s i s more f a v o r a b l e i n terms of p r i v a t e o f f i c e demands and economic s p i n - o f f to the H S t r e e t community. The arena on the Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e b l o c k i s more a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d , would be l e s s c o s t l y to c o n s t r u c t , and i n c r e a s e s the p o t e n t i a l f o r f u t u r e removal of the t r a c k a r e a to p r o v i d e new housing, i n d u s t r i a l and commercial s i t e s f o r the l o c a l communities. a. The r o l e of K S t r e e t i n the f u t u r e s h o u l d be t h a t of a major a r t e r i a l l e a v i n g H S t r e e t to perform p r i m a r i l y local functions. b. The H S t r e e t overpass i s not the b e s t t r a f f i c t h a t can be a c h i e v e d . solution 128 �c. Access ramps from the New York Avenue Freeway south to the V i s i t o r Center w i l l be d i f f i c u l t to a c h i e v e i f a North C e n t r a l Freeway i s c o n s t r u c t e d . d. T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Center p a r k i n g should be provided. I n a d d i t i o n to these c o n c l u s i o n s , c e r t a i n recommendations f o r P l a n n i n g Commission a c t i o n can be made. These a r e as follows: 1. C o n s i d e r a t i o n should be g i v e n to the e v e n t u a l r e l o c a t i o n of the r a p i d t r a n s i t r o u t e below grade, and the prov i s i o n of a New York Avenue t r a n s i t s t o p . 2. The H S t r e e t overpass p r o p o s a l should not be due to i t s n e g a t i v e t r a f f i c and urban d e s i g n 3. C o n s i d e r a t i o n should be g i v e n to the f o r m a t i o n of an i n t e r - a g e n c y committee i n c l u d i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s from Model C i t i e s and the l o c a l communities, to c o o r d i n a t e Urban Renewal and p r i v a t e development p r o j e c t s i n the area. 4. I t should be recommended to the Washington T e r m i n a l Company t h a t t h e i r p l a n s f o r the development of the t r a c k a r e a c o n t a i n a f u l l u n d e r - g i r d i n g of t r a f f i c and land use a n a l y s i s f o r the a r e a . I t should a l s o be recommended t h a t t h e i r t r a c k a g e south of K S t r e e t be reduced to t h a t minimum r e q u i r e d f o r t e r m i n a l operat i o n s o n l y , e x c l u d i n g maintenance and t r a i n make-up which a r e more a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d a t New York Avenue. accepted impacts. 129 �n n • • • �APPENDIX �SECTION A: Inter-city Heliport Potentials SECTION B: Notes on Recent Changes I n The Washington T e r m i n a l Company's P l a n A-2 �APPENDIX SECTION A POTENTIAL FOR AN INTER-CITY HELIPORT IN THE STUDY AREA Report No. 2, S e c t i o n D, d e s c r i b e d a g e n e r a l procedure f o r e v a l u a t i n g a l t e r n a t i v e V/STOL s i t e s , as w e l l as the a p p l i c a t i o n o f these procedures to t h r e e s i t e s w i t h i n the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r Study Area. L o c a t i o n A was d e s c r i b e d as an e l e v a t e d V/STOL p o r t n o r t h of Union S t a t i o n over t h e t r a c k a r e a ; L o c a t i o n B as a ground l e v e l V/STOL p o r t i n what was once Harmony Cemetery near Rhode I s l a n d Avenue; and L o c a t i o n C as an e l e v a t e d V/STOL p o r t over New York Avenue and t h e r a i l r o a d y a r d near I v y C i t y . The a p p l i c a t i o n o f STOL p o r t d e s i g n c r i t e r i a t o these t h r e e s i t e s i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the r e s u l t s o f an a d v i s o r y a i r space d e t e r m i n a t i o n study by the F.A.A.'s Washington Area o f f i c e i n d i c a t e d t h a t L o c a t i o n s A and B were not s u i t e d f o r development as STOL p o r t s . L o c a t i o n C had some p o t e n t i a l f o r STOL p o r t development, although n o i s e impact could p r e s e n t a problem i n t h e a r e a . S i n c e a STOL p o r t a t L o c a t i o n C would have t o be developed as an a i r - r i g h t s s t r u c t u r e , i t s c o s t would be s u b s t a n t i a l and p o s s i b l y p r o h i b i t i v e as a s e l f - s t a n d i n g f a c i l i t y w i t h no o t h e r supporting a c t i v i t i e s . T h e r e f o r e , Report #2 concluded t h a t a major STOL f a c i l i t y would not be a p p r o p r i a t e l y l o c a t e d w i t h i n t h e Study Area, but t h a t VTOL, i n c l u d i n g i n t r a - c i t y service required further analysis. The amended t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r p l a n which has been des c r i b e d i n t h i s Report c a l l s f o r i n t e r - c i t y bus and r a i l t e r m i n a l s t o be l o c a t e d w i t h i n the Union S t a t i o n V i s i t o r Center complex south of H S t r e e t , thus l e a v i n g a i r t r a v e l as t h e o n l y i n t e r - c i t y mode not r e p r e s e n t e d i n t h a t complex. I n p l a n n i n g f o r t h e remainder o f t h e o r i g i n a l Study Area, s e v e r a l s u g g e s t i o n s have been made by v a r i o u s a g e n c i e s f o r t h e l o c a t i o n o f a VTOL p o r t o r h e l i p o r t a t one o f s e v e r a l p o s s i b l e l o c a t i o n s n o r t h o f M S t r e e t . A-3 �A l t e r n a t i v e Development P l a n B, which was d e s c r i b e d p r e v i o u s l y i n t h i s Report, proposed t h e r e l o c a t i o n of t h e r a i l t e r m i n a l t o the v i c i n i t y of New York Avenue as a second f u t u r e s t a g e . The p l a n s u g g e s t s t h a t r e l o c a t i o n of the r a i l t e r m i n a l might be c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h the development of a VTOL p o r t or h e l i p o r t near New York Avenue. T h i s p r o p o s a l , as w e l l as o t h e r s i t e p o s s i b i l i t i e s w i t h i n the Study Area, w i l l be e v a l u a t e d i n t h i s VTOL a n a l y s i s section. 1985 A i r T r a v e l Demand The a n a l y s i s and p r o j e c t i o n of f u t u r e i n t e r - c i t y t r a v e l demand ( a s d e s c r i b e d i n Report No. 2) e s t i m a t e d t h a t some 8,000 t o 9,000 p a s s e n g e r s d a i l y would u t i l i z e an i n t e r c i t y VTOL s e r v i c e i f t e r m i n a l f a c i l i t i e s were developed i n the Union S t a t i o n Study Area. T h i s a i r s e r v i c e would be geared t o s e r v e t h e s h o r t - h a u l (under 500 m i l e s ) heavy a i r t r a v e l c o r r i d o r s between Washington and major urban c e n t e r s such as P h i l a d e l p h i a and New York and o t h e r s m a l l e r m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s such as N o r f o l k , H a r r i s b u r g and Richmond These e s t i m a t e s were based on the o r i g i n a l t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r concept as d e s c r i b e d i n Report No. 3, which env i s i o n e d t h e development of i n t e r - c i t y r a i l , bus, and a i r t e r m i n a l s w i t h i n t h e same complex. The amended p l a n would r e t a i n bus and r a i l t e r m i n a l s a t Union S t a t i o n w h i l e l o c a t i n g a VTOL p o r t , or h e l i p o r t somewhere n o r t h of M S t r e e t as an i s o l a t e d f a c i l i t y . T h i s i s not d e s i r a b l e f o r s e v e r a l reasons. 1. I s o l a t i o n of t h e a i r t r a v e l t e r m i n a l from the h i g h speed r a i l t e r m i n a l would g r e a t l y reduce i f not eliminate completely, the p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r between high-speed r a i l and s h o r t - h a u l a i r t r a v e l i n the Northeast Corridor. P r e v i o u s a n a l y s e s had i n d i c a t e d t h a t the g r e a t e s t p o t e n t i a l f o r t r a n s f e r between i n t e r - c i t y modes was between those modes h a v i n g s i m i l a r s e r v i c e and t r a v e l - t i m e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , e s s e n t i a l l y , high-speed r a i l and a i r t r a v e l i n t h e Northeast Corridor. �2. I s o l a t i o n of an a i r t r a v e l f a c i l i t y a t a l o c a t i o n n o r t h o f M S t r e e t reduces t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f s e c u r i n g an a d d i t i o n a l stop on t h e r a p i d t r a n s i t system (which would be an important means of l o c a l a c c e s s ) and i n g e n e r a l , reduces t h e a t t r a c t i o n o f l o c a l modes, such as t a x i s and buses, i n s e r v i n g such a f a c i l i t y . 3. The l a c k o f a r a i l c o n n e c t i o n w i t h the a i r t e r m i n a l would e l i m i n a t e the d e s i r a b l e c o n n e c t i o n w i t h h i g h speed r a i l s e r v i c e t h a t may be provided between Union S t a t i o n and F r i e n d s h i p A i r p o r t . 4. The c o s t o f developing an a i r t e r m i n a l by i t s e l f becomes a c r i t i c a l f a c t o r when compared w i t h o p p o r t u n i t i e s to c o o r d i n a t e i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n and s h a r e c o s t s w i t h o t h e r elements o f a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r complex. A VTOL p o r t o r h e l i p o r t i n t h e Study Area would o b v i o u s l y be most a t t r a c t i v e t o a i r t r a v e l e r s o r i g i n a t i n g from o r destined t o the east s i d e of the c e n t r a l area ( i n c l u d i n g the C a p i t o l H i l l a r e a ) . Ground t r a v e l time between such a f a c i l i t y and t h e C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue o f f i c e c o r r i d o r (which i s another major CBD g e n e r a t o r o f a i r t r a v e l ) beg i n s t o approach t r a v e l times between t h a t a r e a and N a t i o n a l A i r p o r t . However, i f t h e problem o f s e p a r a t i o n from o t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r elements could be o v e r come, the g r e a t e r a t t r a c t i o n f o r N o r t h e a s t C o r r i d o r t r a v e l e r s o f a VTOL p o r t o r h e l i p o r t i n t h i s a r e a would be t h e back-up mode provided by high-speed r a i l . These f a c t o r s u n d e r s c o r e t h e need t o ensure an e f f e c t i v e conn e c t i o n between the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c e n t e r elements t h a t w i l l be developed a t Union S t a t i o n w i t h any a i r t r a v e l t e r m i n a l t h a t might be developed e l s e w h e r e i n t h e Study Area. A-5 �A i r Terminal S i t e Study As noted p r e v i o u s l y , Report No. 2 e x c l u d e d the p o t e n t i a l f o r STOL development w i t h i n the Study Area due t o n o i s e impact on r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s . Subsequent a n a l y s e s t h a t w i l l be d e s c r i b e d below have c o n s i d e r e d the p o t e n t i a l f o r VTOL and more s p e c i f i c a l l y , h e l i p o r t development w i t h i n the Study Area. T h i s a n a l y s i s was conducted w i t h the thought t h a t t h e more f l e x i b l e o p e r a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f h e l i c o p t e r s i n terms o f s t e e p e r approach p a t h s , s m a l l e r l a n d i n g a r e a s , and l e s s e x t e n s i v e n o i s e impact might o f f e r development o p p o r t u n i t i e s t h a t were not p o s s i b l e f o r STOL o p e r a t i o n s . Thus, s e v e r a l s i t e s w i t h i n t h e Study Area were examined as p o s s i b l e h e l i p o r t s i t e s — a g a i n , assuming t h a t the predominant type of h e l i c o p t e r s e r v i c e to be p r o v i d e d through such a f a c i l i t y would be i n t e r - c i t y s e r v i c e between C e n t r a l Washington, t h e c e n t r a l a r e a s o f o t h e r nearby c i t i e s such as B a l t i m o r e , P h i l a d e l p h i a , and even New York. Such a h e l i p o r t might a l s o p r o v i d e l o c a l h e l i c o p t e r s e r v i c e t o suburban l o c a t i o n s and other a i r p o r t s w i t h i n t h e r e g i o n , such as D u l l e s and F r i e n d s h i p . The p l a n n i n g p r o c e s s employed i n e v a l u a t i n g these h e l i p o r t s i t e s i s t h e same as t h a t d e s c r i b e d i n t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f STOL p o r t s i t e s i n Report No. 2. A i r space and a i r t r a f f i c c o n t r o l problems f o r t h e Study Area had a l r e a d y been e x amined i n t h e F.A.A.'s a d v i s o r y a i r - s p a c e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s t u d y t h a t was conducted i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h the STOL p o r t analysis. I n f o r m a t i o n on wind d i r e c t i o n , s u r r o u n d i n g land use, f l i g h t path o b s t a c l e s , and o t h e r p e r t i n e n t d a t a , were a l s o a v a i l a b l e from the p r e v i o u s STOL a n a l y s i s . The only new i n p u t s r e q u i r e d f o r the h e l i p o r t e v a l u a t i o n were approp r i a t e d e s i g n c r i t e r i a , which were p r o v i d e d by t h e Washington Area O f f i c e o f t h e F.A.A. These c r i t e r i a a r e summarized a t t h e end o f t h i s s e c t i o n , concern t h e a r e a r e q u i r e m e n t s and performance s t a n d a r d s f o r a VTOL p o r t . The f o l l o w i n g paragraphs d e s c r i b e a p r e l i m i n a r y a n a l y s i s of h e l i p o r t development p o t e n t i a l a t t h r e e a l t e r n a t i v e s i t e s w i t h i n t h e Study Area as shown i n F i g u r e 29. S i t e A i s l o c a t e d immediately south o f the i n t e r s e c t i o n o f New York and F l o r i d a Avenues i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e e x i s t i n g p a r k i n g l o t and c o a l yards west o f t h e r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . S i t e B encompasses an a r e a south o f Rhode I s l a n d Avenue near Harmony Cemetery and t h e planned Metro r a p i d t r a n s i t stop. A-6 �S i t e C u t i l i z e s r a i l r o a d p r o p e r t y i n the wye a r e a o f t h e t r a c k and y a r d s n o r t h of New York Avenue and west of Brentwood Road. S i t e A: Ground L e v e l or E l e v a t e d H e l i p o r t South of the New Y o r k - F l o r i d a Avenue I n t e r s e c t i o n S i n c e t h e p r e v a i l i n g wind d i r e c t i o n i n t h i s a r e a i s n o r t h northwest, h e l i c o p t e r l a n d i n g s and t a k e o f f s i n t o the wind (which i s the d e s i r a b l e method of o p e r a t i o n ) would r e s u l t i n low f l y i n g a i r c r a f t over G a l l a u d e t C o l l e g e and the edge of the r e s i d e n t i a l community l y i n g j u s t south of F l o r i d a Avenue and e a s t of the t r a c k s . S i m i l a r l y , t a k e o f f s would r o u t e a i r c r a f t v e r y near McKinley High School and the edge of the r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a l y i n g n o r t h of F l o r i d a and New York Avenues. The p r i n c i p a l approach r o u t e f o r h e l i c o p t e r s l a n d i n g a t t h i s s i t e ( o r a t S i t e s B and C) would be the New York Avenue r a i l r o a d c o r r i d o r . T h i s c o r r i d o r (most of which i s i n r a i l r o a d or i n d u s t r i a l use or i s v a c a n t ) o f f e r s a r e a s o n a b l e r o u t e westward from the A n a c o s t i a R i v e r a i r t r a f f i c corridor. As a r e s u l t of h e l i c o p t e r o p e r a t i o n s a t S i t e A, r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s and G a l l a u d e t C o l l e g e would be s u b j e c t e d to n o i s e l e v e l s i n the range of 80 to 90 p e r c e i v e d n e t d e c i b e l s (PNdb) w i t h n o i s e l e v e l s i n the r e s i d e n t i a l b l o c k s j u s t n o r t h of New York Avenue and west of F i r s t S t r e e t r e a c h i n g 95 PNdb. These n o i s e l e v e l s a r e based upon o p e r a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f a t y p i c a l l a r g e , two-engine t u r b i n e powered h e l i c o p t e r w i t h v e r t i c a l l i f t o f f t o , o r descent from, a 200-foot a l t i t u d e and subsequent c l i m b i n g or desc e n t a t a 5:1 approach o r d e p a r t u r e path. Based upon the r e s u l t s o f the F.A.A.'s a d v i s o r y a i r space d e t e r m i n a t i o n s t u d y , t h e r e do not appear to be any s i g n i f i c a n t a i r space problems i n h e l i c o p t e r o p e r a t i o n s a t t h i s site. The l e s s s t r i n g e n t o p e r a t i o n a l requirements f o r A-7 �POTENTIAL V-TOL LOCATIONS �h e l i c o p t e r s a s compared t o STOL o p e r a t i o n s ( i . e . , t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f s t e e p e r approach and d e p a r t u r e s l o p e s , s m a l l e r l a n d i n g a r e a s , e t c . ) should e l i m i n a t e any problems o f i n f r i n g e m e n t upon t h e P-56 p r o h i b i t e d a i r space around the government b u i l d i n g a r e a . S i t e B: E l e v a t e d H e l i p o r t Near Rhode I s l a n d Avenue WMATA i s p l a n n i n g a 500-car commuter p a r k i n g l o t a t i t s Rhode I s l a n d Avenue s t a t i o n t o be l o c a t e d j u s t south o f Rhode I s l a n d Avenue and e a s t o f t h e r a i l r o a d t r a c k s . P r e s e n t p l a n s c a l l f o r t h i s f a c i l i t y t o be t e r r a c e d i n t o the h i l l s i d e which s l o p e s down from Harmony Cemetery t o Rhode I s l a n d Avenue. The a r e a l y i n g t o t h e south and e a s t o f t h i s p a r k i n g f a c i l i t y i n c l u d e s the p o s s i b l e s i t e of a major freeway i n t e r c h a n g e between t h e proposed New York Avenue I n d u s t r i a l Parkway and the North C e n t r a l F r e e way. A p a r t o f t h i s a r e a has a l s o been proposed a s t h e s i t e f o r t h e r e l o c a t i o n Government P r i n t i n g O f f i c e . One development concept f o r a h e l i p o r t i n t h i s a r e a would be an e l e v a t e d s t r u c t u r e over t h e WMATA commuter p a r k i n g l o t w i t h t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f shared p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s by the h e l i p o r t and t r a n s i t s t a t i o n . T h i s s i t e has t h e obvious ground a c c e s s advantage o f d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n t o the r a p i d t r a n s i t system v i a t h e Rhode I s l a n d Avenue s t a t i o n and t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r a b u i l t - i n p a r k i n g supply. V e h i c u l a r a c c e s s would be p r o v i d e d by Rhode I s l a n d Avenue, which o f f e r s a r e a s o n a b l y good a r t e r i a l c o n n e c t i o n t o the C o n n e c t i c u t Avenue o f f i c e c o r r i d o r and t h e west s i d e o f the C e n t r a l Area. T h i s s i t e would be w e l l s i t u a t e d f o r h e l i c o p t e r l a n d i n g s i n t h a t the a i r c r a f t would approach v i a t h e New York Avenue c o r r i d o r and then t u r n northward over t h e r a i l yards and Harmony Cemetery b e f o r e l a n d i n g i n t o t h e wind. With t h i s approach p a t h , v i r t u a l l y no r e s i d e n t i a l development would be s u b j e c t e d t o n o i s e l e v e l s above 90 PNdb. A i r c r a f t �d e p a r t u r e s however, would p r e s e n t more o f a noise impact problem i n t h a t the l o g i c a l d e p a r t u r e r o u t e would be northward along t h e B & 0 c o r r i d o r . T h i s would r e s u l t i n n o i s e l e v e l s o f 95 t o 100 PNdb i n t h e v i c i n i t y of S t . V i n c e n t ' s Orphanage and 90 t o 95 PNdb i n t h e edges of t h e r e s i d e n t i a l a r e a s on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e t r a c k s northward t o a t l e a s t F r a n k l i n S t r e e t . As i n t h e c a s e of t h e o t h e r two s i t e s , t h e r e should be no s i g n i f i c a n t a i r space problems t o h i n d e r h e l i c o p t e r operations a t t h i s s i t e . S i m i l a r l y , t h e r e a r e no apparent o b s t a c l e s t h a t might i n f r i n g e upon d e s i r a b l e approach and d e p a r t u r e paths ( p o s s i b l y pending t h e u l t i m a t e d e s i g n o f the freeway i n t e r c h a n g e i n Harmony Cemetery and the h e i g h t s of s t r u c t u r e s and o v e r p a s s e s t h a t might r e s u l t from t h a t design). S i t e C: E l e v a t e d H e l i p o r t i n the R a i l r o a d Wye Area Between New York Avenue and T S t r e e t For t h i s s i t e , a i r c r a f t could approach v i a t h e New York Avenue c o r r i d o r and t h e n t u r n i n t o t h e h e l i p o r t from t h e southeast (thus allowing operations i n t o the wind). This p a t t e r n would produce a 90 PNdb n o i s e l e v e l t h a t would i n f r i n g e upon t h e n o r t h e r n edge of G a l l a u d e t C o l l e g e and a small s e c t i o n of the I v y C i t y r e s i d e n t i a l area. H e l i c o p t e r d e p a r t u r e s i n t o t h e wind could be made t o the north a c r o s s T S t r e e t and could f o l l o w t h e B & 0 t r a c k s northward o r t u r n back t o the e a s t over Harmony Cemetery and e x i t v i a t h e New York Avenue c o r r i d o r . Noise l e v e l s of 90 PNdb would i n f r i n g e s l i g h t l y upon the r e s i d e n t i a l b l o c k s j u s t west of t h e t r a c k s between Rhode I s l a n d Avenue and New York Avenue and would r e a c h as f a r n o r t h as S t . V i n c e n t ' s Orphanage. The development o f a h e l i p o r t i n t h i s a r e a would r e q u i r e a i r r i g h t s c o n s t r u c t i o n over the r a i l r o a d s and would be c o s t l y from a c o n s t r u c t i o n s t a n d p o i n t . Vehicular access A-10 �to such a f a c i l i t y c o u l d be p r o v i d e d from Brentwood Road or p o s s i b l y from New York Avenue v i a a grade s e p a r a t i o n over the t r a c k s . As i n the case of S i t e s A and B, t h e r e should be no s i g n i f i c a n t a i r space problems t h a t would h i n d e r o p e r a t i o n s from this site. Depending upon the d e t a i l e d l o c a t i o n of the h e l i p o r t w i t h i n t h i s a r e a , t h e r e could be problems i n a c h i e v i n g d e s i r a b l e approach and d e p a r t u r e path c l e a r a n c e s over the T S t r e e t B r i d g e a c r o s s the B & 0 t r a c k s , i f the h e l i p o r t were not b u i l t to the approximate l e v e l of T S t r e e t and Brentwood Road. Conclusions The b a s i c c o n c l u s i o n s from t h i s p r e l i m i n a r y e v a l u a t i o n of h e l i p o r t s i t e s w i t h i n the Study Area a r e : 1. The development of a h e l i p o r t a t any of the t h r e e s i t e s d i s c u s s e d above ( o r a t o t h e r l o c a t i o n s within the Study Area) f o r a i r c r a f t capable of p r o v i d i n g i n t e r - c i t y s e r v i c e w i l l have adverse n o i s e impacts upon a d j a c e n t r e s i d e n t i a l and i n s t i t u t i o n a l a r e a s r a n g i n g from a s i g n i f i c a n t impact a t S i t e A to a minimal impact a t S i t e C. 2. There should be no s i g n i f i c a n t a i r space problems a s s o c i a t e d w i t h h e l i c o p t e r o p e r a t i o n s a t any of the t h r e e s i t e s — based upon the F.A.A.' s a d v i s o r y a i r space d e t e r m i n a t i o n study t h a t was conducted e a r l i e r f o r V/STOL o p e r a t i o n s w i t h i n the Study Area. 3. Ground a c c e s s to a h e l i p o r t would be b e s t a t S i t e B s i n c e t h i s s i t e o f f e r s the p o t e n t i a l f o r d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a s t a t i o n on the r a p i d t r a n s i t system and the o p p o r t u n i t y to c o o r d i n a t e h e l i p o r t cons t r u c t i o n and i t s a s s o c i a t e d p a r k i n g w i t h planned commuter p a r k i n g a t the Rhode I s l a n d Avenue t r a n s i t s t a t i o n . A r t e r i a l s t r e e t a c c e s s to t h i s s i t e would �a l s o p r o v i d e r e a s o n a b l e c o n n e c t i o n s to the west s i d e of the c e n t r a l a r e a . A r t e r i a l a c c e s s would be most d i f f i c u l t to p r o v i d e a t S i t e C because of the n e c e s s i t y f o r b r i d g i n g the r a i l r o a d and New York Avenue I n d u s t r i a l Parkway i n order to p r o v i d e a r t e r i a l a c c e s s to New York Avenue or to Brentwood Road. V e h i c u l a r a c c e s s to S i t e A c o u l d be p r o v i d e d through d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n s to a d j a c e n t s t r e e t s such as F l o r i d a Avenue and F i r s t Street. S i t e A has the p o t e n t i a l f o r d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n s to the r a p i d t r a n s i t system, w h i l e S i t e C does not. 4. The c o n s t r u c t i o n of a h e l i p o r t would be most c o s t l y a t S i t e C because of the e x t e n s i v e a i r r i g h t s c o n s t r u c t i o n over r a i l r o a d p r o p e r t y and the c o m p l e x i t i e s of prov i d i n g ground a c c e s s to nearby a r t e r i a l s . C o n s t r u c t i o n c o s t s should be more r e a s o n a b l e a t S i t e A or p a r t i c u l a r l y a t S i t e C because of the o p p o r t u n i t y f o r developing an e l e v a t e d f a c i l i t y w i t h p a r k i n g or o t h e r u s e s beneath the h e l i p o r t . 5. I n summary, the p r o s p e c t s f o r developing a h e l i p o r t w i t h i n the Study Area f o r i n t e r - c i t y s e r v i c e may be minimal because of s i g n i f i c a n t problems of n o i s e imp a c t . Of the t h r e e s i t e s e v a l u a t e d h e r e i n , n o i s e impact would be l e a s t a t S i t e C, w i t h S i t e B being second b e s t i n t h i s r e g a r d . 6. T h i s a n a l y s i s has c o n s i d e r e d the development of a h e l i p o r t f o r i n t e r - c i t y a i r s e r v i c e . The o p e r a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and lower n o i s e e m i s s i o n of s m a l l e r h e l i c o p t e r s c a r r y i n g perhaps f i v e to f i f t e e n passengers might a l l o w o p e r a t i o n s a t any of t h e s e t h r e e s i t e s ( o r o t h e r s w i t h i n the Study Area) a t t o l e r a b l e n o i s e l e v e l s . T h i s type of a i r c r a f t , however, would be o r i e n t e d to p r o v i d i n g s e r v i c e to D u l l e s and F r i e n d s h i p A i r p o r t s or to o u t l y i n g communities i n the f r i n g e s of the Washington and B a l t i m o r e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , and would not p r o v i d e s e r v i c e to more d i s t a n t urban c e n t e r s such as P h i l a d e l p h i a and New York. A-12 �H e l i p o r t Design C r i t e r i a (Class I I I P u b l i c ) * DESIGN CRAFT: SIKORSKY A. Vehicle Size: B. Vehicle Capacity: C. S-61L O v e r a l l Length Main Rotor Diameter Maximum Gross Weight 73 f e e t 62 f e e t 19, 000 l b s . Public Heliports: 30 p a s s e n g e r s 1. Minimum Landing and T a k e o f f Area Length: 2.0 times the o v e r a l l l e n g t h of the h e l i c o p t e r . 2. Minimum Landing and T a k e o f f Area Width: 1.5 times the o v e r a l l l e n g t h of the h e l i c o p t e r . 3. P e r i p h e r a l A r e a : An a r e a o n e - h a l f the o v e r a l l l e n g t h of the h e l i c o p t e r which would surround the l a n d i n g and t a k e o f f a r e a and s h o u l d be kept f r e e of a l l o b s t r u c t i o n s . 4. Touchdown Area: An a r e a e q u a l t o the r o t o r d i a meter of the h e l i c o p t e r designed to accommodate the dynamic wheel loads of the h e l i c o p t e r . 5. Taxiway Width: 6. Pavement S l o p e s : 7. Approach-Departure 40 f e e t . 2.0 p e r c e n t maximum. P a t h s : ( R e f e r F i g u r e 30) a. I f h e l i p o r t has two p a t h s , they s h o u l d be s e p a r a t e d by an a r c of a t l e a s t 135°. b. F o r I F R ( i n s t r u m e n t f l i g h t r u l e s ) operat i o n s see the approach-departure c l e a r a n c e surface (diagram). •Source: AC 150/5390-1A, " H e l i p o r t Design Guide", F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (DOT) November 5, 1969. �c. P r i m a r y S u r f a c e : An imaginary plane c e n t e r e d on the l a n d i n g and t a k e o f f a r e a . I t s l e n g t h c o i n c i d e s w i t h the l e n g t h of the l a n d i n g a r e a . I t s w i d t h i s 300 f e e t . The e l e v a t i o n of the plane i s the same as the h i g h e s t e l e v a t i o n on the l a n d i n g a r e a . d. T r a n s i t i o n a l Surfaces: Obstruction clearance p l a n e s a d j a c e n t to the primary s u r f a c e and the approach-departure c l e a r a n c e s u r f a c e s (see diagram). e. A i r Space P r o t e c t i o n : " C l e a r Zone" d e s i g n a t e d f o r i n i t i a l 750 f e e t of I F R approach s u r f a c e s ( l e n g t h based on imaginary s u r f a c e a t t a i n i n g a h e i g h t of 50 f e e t above the ground). For e l e v a t e d h e l i p o r t s , a t o t a l l a n d i n g and t a k e o f f p l u s p e r i p h e r a l a r e a l e n g t h of 400 to 500 f e e t i s d e s i r a b l e to p r o v i d e a s a f e r e c o v e r y a r e a i n the event of the need f o r an emergency l a n d i n g d u r i n g t a k e o f f . There should be no v e r t i c a l p r o j e c t i o n s above f i v e f e e t over the r o o f l e v e l a d j a c e n t to the p e r i p h e r a l or l a n d i n g and t a k e o f f a r e a s . The l a n d i n g s u r f a c e should be designed to support a c o n c e n t r a t e d load equal to 75 p e r c e n t of the g r o s s weight of the h e l i c o p t e r a t each main l a n d i n g gear. A-14 �FIG. 30 F.A.A. H e l i p o r t Approach/Departure P a t h s �d n PI n �APPENDIX SECTION B: NOTES ON RECENT H-STREET OVERPASS CHANGES IN THE WASHINGTON TERMINAL COMPANY'S PLAN. Subsequent t o t h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e H - S t r e e t o v e r p a s s p l a n on pages 100 t h r u 103 sponsored by t h e Washington T e r m i n a l Company, r e v i s i o n s were made as f o l l o w s : a. t h e p l a z a on the o v e r p a s s was e l i m i n a t e d ; the s t r e e t would have a s t r a i g h t alignment; b. t h e e n t r a n c e and e x i t f o r t h e i n t e r - c i t y bus s t a t i o n w i l l be from H S t r e e t ; c i r c u l a t i o n v i a I S t r e e t w i l l not be n e c e s s a r y , and c. auto d r o p - o f f t o an a i r r i g h t s development between H and K S t r e e t s w i l l be moved from t h e H S t r e e t o v e r p a s s . These changes w i l l e l i m i n a t e the n o n - l o c a l t r a f f i c penet r a t i o n o f t h e I S t r e e t and w i l l tend t o improve t r a f f i c o p e r a t i o n s on t h e o v e r p a s s . Although t h e e n t r a n c e / e x i t f o r t h e bus s t a t i o n w i l l probably r e q u i r e s i g n a l c o n t r o l , an a c c e s s f o r auto d r o p - o f f and t a x i s s e r v i n g t h e a i r r i g h t s development i s s t i l l t o be d e f i n e d . B-l �1 D D n o • u a D • d �c �Printing by Minerva Printing Corp. �rf rr >.» r D rr •»*•• o D ** D •i-ii O D •ik D q u 4 CJ u u. a Q 4P �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station transportation center study : phase II - report 4 final development plan & program review Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Conklin & Rossant Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Capital Planning Commission Barton-Aschman Associates Hammer, Greene, Siler Associates Manheim, Marvin L. De Neufville, Richard, 1939- Stafford, Joseph H. (Joseph Hover), 1939- Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DDOT Historical Reports & Other Documents Subject The topic of the resource Transportation--Research--United States Transportation--Planning Description An account of the resource District Department of Transportation's historical reports and other documents. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Historical reports and other documents relating to Union Station in Washington, D.C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Documents Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Union Station https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/da4822b34f3b78957173a010983f0f9d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=LtN-UqpNUEok9Dr8QBCcL8j0oHo9P3mCLJvGySIuUfz4OJAoZTZw94sPEjVwamVGseAjK88y-yFEbOu-k4WrSKOHOgJ--NPQqEBHi3nks5HwZQq-B1Tx7-X9GO648lsj%7EYmv371L5%7EJuidPgteC7TFFuu4nIxLf3L7%7E1v9jl3vJS3gJGsEEU1-PpqAbkpqXliezO%7ET7yIF3HaIKC%7EEdc0Edh%7Ez3BgIEFRBCIFzPQ%7E%7E1k1TBdJb1RAZ8ZZ-OE0VIVhI%7EOPYLcWL8MULRI2FOEEriH-oi7HnfqlWzuL0uEIJ0AHcQNeRlOCeqamGRcPx275fYLOs3HJjYo12Kvf4I9%7EQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 66360cfb0b560bca8b223b0c5327a8ff Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 1 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Illustration of the proposed main concourse for Union Station. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustrations Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/715e67303e96c2ed711221d6a84dc872.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=bcud0xzxpKnxw75QFbwyFptCJVEqQGRCDya7iV9CZEqDDEtqDecm%7ElhZDlrc2Hnd43MS6WgMqyaO6iJgfJpqke1jlf4kNTnltgN9PAtQHZXHmhYAR1yg8gPJrnaplTFM4DaUe8FcZqas9LLDrF9XQoHdQ4XZJ-ldl%7EG9dklwRkPdYcG1ljEto9USyYOytEflJqT8TtIuzG2KvbilTxHSF7uEZxUBLbdodGkqUnWfr5JbcWq6HL6xTsaiapP2s6ubdEDES0Yqt7lrs5wdnueTL0FEbefYVGHAizKSTxWfp5eI%7EJTWdobe2uHYtejygS8l%7EDfBYra5K13HECX8qCNsTQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 53543f87c80c99871c2a610c4815a3c2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 2 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Railroads Rail transit Description An account of the resource Illustration of the proposed head house for the Union Station building. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Illustrations Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2e62f281b274d49d19299103ae660b2b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ZROJ-aLlhVwlleCDgG2QlxdImfCryu0jJpYq1usLWul74esGs3N6r6RUanVUYOfSKDAF3hA7mKsLU37GhaiYdSfNJT9SfZUHKfja1D38iv4BytUNU8PyOYEu7qpfzBu9ngKWLhLOccOde2LqwGpTWwLV%7Es9W%7EZ099IZUvecv1jHvJV66je%7ESLOC54Y5FoorFLypkLF88ZGCvjalD2vE2j%7EkIvbanJAv9%7EvJ9fgbPkuy-olzplCQZo9qTUrHiTy%7EIgwoluAzlisAm4UOSKz5icsFZ3%7EgugeS96N6YvqYGgTnlNr80YFXwRxrLPX%7EyiS16OOrzUuAiB-S4Lt5a7Rripw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 112780fbcb46f766556bcc0cd7f1c6f8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 3 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Occupations Description An account of the resource A worker works to restore a carving of eagle in the Presidential Suite of Union Station Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d597085db091987e41821a0210530b79.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=axr-z2PWJ8kAlpbfEkBFFG0KWyfcZEFr7%7ENBwRoFq3qEVK0r3ca4YlKCWqeGLWAIMWtFWpGxqgAGLn1IPOK4b2dRFxwNQq-zCnQeDH%7EMpPSSCgZc6PzHuufFSddQdrUiMLhkb%7Eu6ho-pIqHN20U7v6ea%7E%7Ec9sGMZMZo-EeBzSVyyHgi180JCcw85yW2AogymsJAy9pEfPJc3nFzeEibZs1LnEt50rL6vNerkCl7W%7E6RNmFmM-%7EKilM-bHRxzCIFnVVKI82gnd28uCa-tH0S2fqJ77ytjTSU%7EPB8Kt0I1fqVLImLzO8aOUhvSyaW1wsc32xGJL8nm6zHkRd4845iGdg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9c8da3a5571188fc370f8ba0039ca0d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 4 Subject The topic of the resource Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Original Head House of the Union Station building. 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Title A name given to the resource Union Station 5 Subject The topic of the resource Rail transit Construction projects Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Landmarks Description An account of the resource Original exterior facade of Union Station, completed in 1908. 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Title A name given to the resource Union Station 6 Subject The topic of the resource Rail transit Railroads Construction projects Construction sites Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Renovation of Union Station. 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Title A name given to the resource Union Station 8 Subject The topic of the resource Streetscapes (Urban design) Rail transit Railroads Traffic circles Union Station (Washington, D.C.) 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 9 Subject The topic of the resource Traffic Circles Streetscapes (Urban design) Railroads Rail transit Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Columbus Circle outside of Union Station. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 10 Subject The topic of the resource Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Landmarks Description An account of the resource The outer facade of Union station, including the quotation "Let all the ends thou aimst at be thy country's, thy God's, and truth's. Be noble and the nobleness that lies in other men sleeping but never dead will rise in majesty to meet thine own." 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Title A name given to the resource Union Station 011 Description An account of the resource Link structure-pipe trusses looking east no. 152. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 25, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) 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Personnel Description An account of the resource Link structure/semi-circular pipe truss erection no. 158. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 013 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Link structure-vault trusses no. 164. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 014 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Upper link west concourse trusses no. 174. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 26, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5b9d3a0253a2b5abf8cf872e18cce3da.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=bUU2WJH4yjdSI22S0CivRKc9ySZ8RHR6W8wx6ZmmMfS0ntduMExKWjN6fytVjov61qzhCsgdObbQZ%7E3DzyqmlkTd0gwaxIEgIPAseHXwAWG9lWIDqUZHVUu69cvqZ1IOqcR01yusVSBPiQEcq4A8aFv2FiNohu811AkDQ8gcuUXwRQewCG7l%7E0GERjeZJrDXnV%7Ejq3Ws8dx5B6XucG5Ycqnd-qbM3J0kE%7EUtkfPwpPWDDKzV2m8jGYio%7EP30VHMvY7ScOcwZM75Irb8rhMCrSMObRWvfi26rxEX%7E04fLMTQOOhIqUiGSxFNMvl8yQADa7w0vsisA7NyN1Y4uHNZJUw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 930a39dbeafbdf1e5e84b85961140bf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 015 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Link structure west concourse no. 180. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 31, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/67e02eef3ed3f70e2b5f079f298fcba7.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=VSagLhi278jjXvik%7ErBgVskJOMtVY0qxd3uSu9SRbXOjGFAbPRLg%7EfT36DVNw9uRv6m4tcL35MAv%7E5jyS%7E7tgGxkkhT5jpQUs2Tyrg-7Mb-oBWtvMQKsbGTS4KFF8tyrPKUHOdVI2wknCUSH22lMlXW99NQxz9hzI3eltcxMNlIggBsxaGrJe%7ELRCsUPJ5jnxGWT-UqzmuKzSag%7ETsJA7WYuK67Hfwt7Zp3vSUx1RdP-HtIVlNivphDY%7EZjedGse7XrnmMkjEK1sRB0pys27texOLAgCOW2ntTK05heC1aw90pCdolpMeyFZ54gn0qRfqksxsCZpHuukTMx7cFKZmw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9fc7bc95cded2dd49fa625e0f9278dce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 016 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Link structure-east concourse trusses erected no. 179. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 017 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Railroads Rail transit Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Link structure-east concourse steel and column erection no. 186. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 018 Subject The topic of the resource Rail transit Railroads Construction projects Construction sites Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Southeast ramp-shoring for first pour no. 182. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 28, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c388b76db8c92d73c0fe3b5df4375098.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=An9OOMwUeQR3AmycVICDAK4vDQ5gGykLFQ9HPHOeiOfI67w-4Wn6IpfI-znO%7EfjZGfX5xgvAQq2C6DIc77lVbuk%7E9FvIVPkCf8LwaZcgYKatm%7E625bu9xvM2X0pUyX3A7WrfI2ZepNWfazn6p94VBHK0hIiU4gtrDixcIC0FKSyzGwM1vKetzMCjHtJgRY5NGd2RXVXB-ZswqVY9WmKkkK8sP8Rv1HTnZzvbiXHqJJXpdHgU8tQxaPwILWpNHl5hgXhiNCN3OFsJLbXk6nnYZJEgm8o7ZR28vzlRRclREXaZkPAuJmt30q4D9rm0aWDzhAouPVVRtckqIUQL66Sa9A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c3a700c701b0d75c46af225633cd2e85 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 019 Subject The topic of the resource Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Construction projects Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Link structure-pipe truss welding for east concourse no. 189. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 29, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5b9a1475a7700ab06624013968b095fc.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=mip9FfKXcPte2MB7yXIr2XxM2sCdIv6qjppxuDCLBLKefNQh89R2SykcP8g20e8th6sx-IAFNVVDJaG454U%7E%7EE%7EyD67Tkw6Ch0THaMyjOogbas083LuB3JJ6iys3GEP8jt0mScRojcksi1%7EW6Osj6KIo6eA98Hr6%7EIBWouvEMnnD97q-pAzpsbmdHmDQiQJ4KqpETJDbrJyoL1snfTmywsRdN3UOelP7eXbbMwXE1F6ssL6ck9wONDp8EM3bvyinvLM96x2obRJomGOi-C7nTNL3oKD-qOTGLEaN8inoWIUgR795V6vfue2Gce-jqo9QP-C2cMareZb2k7Zurq49fg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e6d74cbc7a730732ac0f04843e5fbc3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 020 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Construction sites Railroads Rail transit Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Snow Description An account of the resource Link structure-east concourse truss welding no. 197. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 30, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2fa7ae27c301d7e40b1679206e6fa9d5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=KcKltzgDgoDJyDYkNxPtpbgDm9MuI5ou%7EXwn4Y7cFfOXvVpVT-etjptdgBR21z5jisCTni8VYkvZckdRk5DaGfKSMtguMiNB%7EAjhv-WU5ow9H2VIC6aqt-d5EOqnu3XGNCq9ukP9hTcQCI%7EzRn4y2Z3HraEtwpDKV-4sqBKqPBPiYg67Na3kt5pLtc4H7oECwC6g%7EfhOJb0pAHqTEg5ygp8Mdt73whFq7KpqyJuYA50WKqs5j1yIjuYzImeAj344rCkJ-VEOkMz6JEa2XCskQ%7ErRsokfCb9qhq5mKSeLMJuqs1PnPTq8kojobqI0NzA-m2lQK0m6L7JtJIMHptlEgw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ab078b41519242355ac0b6064bb9274f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 021 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Railroads Rail transit Personnel Description An account of the resource Southeast ramp-pour #3 looking east. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 30, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/429f667513f67b6f7544e6e2f50b7619.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qpk3PkRQT6KCvjc7gct5ULwXM4iYz62qfajLVzdYzr7O0zH9N2gi2Id-3n%7EpSunCRq1VgvikR%7Eh5UNujLo27m2kkpVuHnwFEBtes9RfEin4LLXz3BKuMaXkG53DoKJfchOzY8p4qAfyuihi%7E10YBnH9l0s1yxuT2qenBn5LSZyaHRFLpwuqxHozSJ-h9LwG51ksxWQxzOm4ECBgJpGXaUANe-a46ZQjyo1HrbTP%7EWIRDcTDIpHdOZ9rrwt5PQwVV38Mn%7ExKTmzxpKDH62Gs650E84ibaVyEOPbfuoITr-eRer1m4ZjjA--DsyJkjHrNADoVbTVCMoltbOu5ViObX5g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ddbd75d9cf9e94d1a985f5a1647bafc3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 022 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Main level-demolition for ramp widening no. 199. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 30, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/39dba4adb2e939581bd455eb2b1e6477.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=j60gNWfoyW%7EARWVJcDoUHT6ksXFgJ4RbiM9lT8l6aZF%7ECxfSLDQariyyUF50uoZc4Bj6f3YHRXVvqLi3z8ItGz0IIdq6VH2SaUe83UFOwZuAUgWJRwkA1zI-OHtolTaCX6ujRC-A2t4NOC0BM9zR3Tn7yh4P8eyFqjpvS%7E1-ZVzmdv33MAn5OSMatHODYytx-FJRLAAPqUFJHpRHxTlFkoda4JWMzC37GO9%7EqodB5gf905ysecS71y2zX4mAt2QVldatLjZ8ysfXGr8f4b8vi35kjpx2yn-ku%7ETVmHdTGig9JNI9Z9HDrHGF-5IgDoKwzLIymhtua4wAc6ThbX9hsA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c0e60947ea20a18aae9210d98a0f84ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 023 Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Rail transit Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Description An account of the resource Link structure-east concourse roof decking and pipe truss welding. no. 207 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 26, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e401e17629d32ad3cc61365094e46842.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=bM2FHWBAn3woSt%7ELfFBKZf8IQF1K9uaio6KtEyjMu2AGH71WX2IRAbjJOQm47evsK9bQnnG1lX4WGi%7ETl4IfjCwYegOv8RUf8rCO1bS%7EkVcBot2AKHpibv4emI5WtK0DzCVB%7EybCfuYr9m%7EQSDFhM-LnGvOHJCp0jMXthP-tBC4d7io%7EmryOPUAtsYqlgzow0m-lFhZUlfnNPqS6HTF-sQyvujXaCRGyvTxb30DWdAm-NYpTa%7EZ4e1xrGJ9XJSamNIsNYmlqTw3axXmGPzP2q00THvavs518g0H1E2mF-VTlySAfoMxbqOHybt9J%7Ez2qpW5ibRK6zr2hhlP-QaAqQw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6d0182261d17389ec89745e194812125 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 24 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Columbus Circle (Washington, D.C.) On street parking Description An account of the resource A view of Union Station from the direction of Columbus Circle. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 15, 1961 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/248f51bd872b8f7e9fed5ea6b5c1fb57.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Q55%7EXIU-EH3WhEiRIC5R2ZqI3ENFV1NVPOjsbEl7ygQCXrScOlM2j8UajqpVeVC%7EYZ-N6BaDDaGzMnjf29N-J7gvAD-pOXfiVp0GSjJXmLkcdy6pOy%7EOxbxKbvkNyqvW6R5z4r00Tly18Ni415GJqomD0eZ3CE%7EAe2fWbfVtpD05PqElspsAiy%7EZmYhUxGw5WEZyGHF8Eo4%7EsXSaRiSGGJtZEwKQTezRksHiNtO1VhTalnYcylX9LHONwiPmz9%7EFvFplJH60t%7ESbIbT05lYQAeIVg-IICyYrwVW85iG84i2JwvWljJiEs0hzakzB7xjv1kV7woTLoD%7E-RGnlTRH5TQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7cfa582bb2c5f2da61f81af58c5eb2bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 025 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington. D. C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Upper link no. 139. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/cdcd840740d49866d8f824afd3a151c5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=SvuUt3L6mX4FhEUrQ78ScolGivCCwPirVzkrXSirffxriWESGXTr-Vzyu7lczzxsYI5HJ3zpfwcbTCm1-AoPrbUItOhtCNwebBxs5YlcLnbezjr4bDP8sKDCDVon-MaNqMuul4jX22Q5Fx%7Ekp7lHHijUui6f%7EOmaRbBp3xdvyqKuN8C17fXfFtTgepmP94r8MitDVo%7ElhymyMbZb3DPrlPR9ytuhv6IO15oTOXrTkYuX0VrReCTyCQsZXDxzmPSQOZFzSmDiHYzeAwJD8NlhxzAFbWV5xfhJ82M58RGifKdiDVCQSLfUZCOXLDngjfW%7ELW1JrBMH-T0-Zj46cFX%7Eew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8fe1a982e16bdb3e0e55bb9050976b70 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 026 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure looking east no. 140. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 25, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7905ea221a786afea91f0f2f4b2fd0d7.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=FaQGQSY0fA6oDdYxQYqe%7E1WRx0B4YqKbaO6w0ZIgH5L7WYaEk0YOUzon6rq735IuBL-3E8i-qXqk0YDk9ZXl%7EuTNwAwOfdfVtNHwO8CzPG7HoFwQqtm5aP%7E1IirZvifiNLtxyaFMHa-pFfNX1GtEDdiycNmonq0uOUKiAQj-qwwvsyBCvY7JC5gFHVa6lkoz7%7EBklx027MQ2WYR9Ql9kmLk5ndxjt78euyBTXrE%7EIDuDpUNMmEX-vthNGPi5jRzJe5pKFoMFC4Bv2351JhlDNMVPhlTwaQ9PVOyHLLWBUU6G-26%7EJUzS74hm6B4G9z6vRhMHD6S71vxukjCAWpmxeA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 45e49da404264933cb97cfc5238017ba Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 027 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Rail transit Railroads Construction sites Construction projects Description An account of the resource Link structure structural steel truss section resumed April 22, 1986 no. 143. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 25, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6672aad44534b5f8546d0a1caf2c8387.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=boTqR6mfQirr7iuMchoa2s5KZG9Ch1F2Td%7EYeELeZalNhp8FGcgR6FbIuXSDpSObVEdGrfawvwVm47SGD7O9G9d0mOyQUlAuGGU67zQFM4JWM3kzJYrhBi8YQ%7EqmYy%7EvnPaa7N7B5cqyJNrWQf8degw9jHJYCYjl1kNNHtpn4IfgFtdXqKvvRMwxQwxb45LafPqwHNMT8voUWe04wmgKNQSbRRnbLYAGduhl5Dfmjp61S1%7ErOOnSuPIaP%7E1xxShHj0U4BYXrfFC2hSNOgREdiAgaAMDNFZc%7EgEvPSNO0hMfIT5f1h9VBg8i4unoGfDQvAWrjI%7EUe4i-ih1qC7Giafw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e1f41efc0028c8802f78fad5e42f90b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 028 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure/slab on grade operation looking west no. 159. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 28, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/32fe5ff798392cc3f7c4189c9acc5f7b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=onZ2xtRBJMD6snrhhC175tUE6YPwnQM8dLWTJfXqkMkCUQBb0Sku-NxlybnBAcBeeRJu9vey3v9gLP0cmwWeBIHryhhp9CTvFzIpSGgFH4ITIRsLRE%7En7CZ25ZXfNeGStZzGGOmEiFVf-SgxpigVOr0h74OrFbuRK58D-avqmKRc6kcwCW-wvVp5kmt3%7E5i2rhEnEGYaNu596mmnDVyq-h7yUk8cVco-deZ9sSrZ%7EYEYKmnZ9zF5gTBIb0r8qgiePYdFMpP6Y%7EyQz0dQJghIErhSNhJvkVd8jk6ZX3IfnqksCq5UgXXP%7ExXZyJhR807qM7h5RKtAYcFjJCnBkVQ5Cw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1b64ffb8d01aae793808aaadc857eb48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 029 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure vault trusses no. 164. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 29, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/88fbb104e7179e29a3500736132d3e81.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ltBKMw7%7E-gZzTRcm9sqCp9qLiGTV82PMKmGuXctRBCF3Sy7l2ThJn8N8GJNUvnWJ778C0CJJrBVrGUl2Y2FkH5szr9LCz59p4j%7EyAGlberCLZA4yRX%7ElgoenYBavakpU5d8%7EsQIl2pvljnZhV7bC%7Erk0mraWRTEXXrkuVnPMk4XjktSrxlGMvy6it3XGP7Pd3DJcEurkAKKnhwJ8bKO%7EmxCoa3hpm8CDq-vtadOBfCxNihs8weVjDO6ktbJDt%7EhH1c7jzinvmDQivRc9gScs9JlTlg3lhti3wPDA3QdwI1zcz8QvzxsToZX%7EvNhIHhM6BjcJZDej9fe%7EUDP3T5tfWg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4848c96a95b5435c86aabea95fc856b0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 030 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure precast no. 165. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 29, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/94d49e93fb4e4687fb10fa23a95712c6.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=LeJRqftMaVDY-VNyJ84ZUCDJrbVAEGfRCNfpukSjlM5%7EyGI-bx1ZiLGwPxoghvJHnBICDI0lpa9SG83u-zw2kbh9g3KMhjjU-kObLvA4y9wCN-jX5927jbbJ4N5dbO3t5SfjVzTYZZjOszllJ-ncCVfXc8KPy60o1879K-D6bq66%7EazFLNh-crsWt2DW2ZyeVm-bA03OuJOBHX37RCgOEJp4RY5uifcBC2Sjr0%7E34ZYeNLCV2DBwbCwGmjgrhQAofy21-PQrYmf3-HqFFpFhCeY2fOtY6jQx0NqvpGEblSqJiEqvNFO-H9%7EkrQoj4S-Lk8puDuxCP5OKBffC0O86QQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3d2ca8d74911552c009ce890ed36aa37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 031 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction projects Construction sites Description An account of the resource Link structure slab on grade no. 166. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 29, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/97335b4e2102920714bd38ef678e09d3.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=i7EjtsR59kIhWTZrl2GBBcVusqaHt5Zs6Dp871w63qsl781h5Ez%7EnlrTppz--FcoppE3pZmatTuOn%7ECwokicaR13YSpVQMIFXKcVB9gYqftOcpQiTNnbikIijxmkOKzt334TPZjl3wfHCCDdQtm6BHkwm0h3VnTmDne1qeN8GEDJEkYrkRl-OJQY6U98V6WulwWlmUK03cKqOqNY8U-ZfXFlHIDxjdDoDEJoRfeb9GNT8RIaxQdpXYLKmTw1HtTf7UnxN9oqYM0CY5pG7gmv29N6eEu3VwIRqjPHadyNYF6c%7ECeyTFHYaTcADy9bB06T6fKQnioeJsu4yyUALww04w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b2e016bd2929df3f291435222d85d9a3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 032 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C. ) Description An account of the resource East concourse planks no. 173. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 26, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/3d99e1dabeb1db8986a7feacc334c6c8.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=E069d6Hue-se-TabENruSSltEzFi7BxincVrISl9kz0XG4CP1axYN72Wons7V5rZCPKPxiwtBXZ04QrJImdnkfMSpxvrx3FHdLquhtPokYG9gePCJeQSiJ079UvF-v7G6Oo7W6sw0bbp13iYQaviBu9KRr9LpqcKcbs48JHMpOUN-1W11x2aW6vxgcNN3PbNmUjYepkqry-NL7-6l%7EDlw%7Eus8fFvBx%7EbOZ9p6uCceWcFPt-Oi%7EckHCHrIz2T9M7d3sKZiZtCSPdNUaJ6a%7EzxK7jSdoMFMyEJbwMNlwOvUTMC6oCdfIZ0VxOAOgQPS31BiXHFb4yeor%7EKi1zANQUkOQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 32148bd8536b37a0561baf653fd93d73 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 033 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure of east concourse with trusses erected no. 179. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 31, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f5576440ba5fe4f9d60b0a05aeb14770.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=WUEXEKOI-njVP4KHDyqrSsA4XkSYWASnsupKG3wPyOaxgyO0GpjwYfSWL6PHAOztgjefOGnWcVcyA33lxsJ2H0ajIfzoqxi-IP6Ek9ajF9z4ltk-ItcBy6U5jhF09K4uEryf7iK03Evmk0q-LmnbyrNjCGRaKiW7Aq5GGpVA6vRapygoMHuj%7EoSLeNSJWnKEfB8EVU95mZUHQAIwuKFOav0NpzFqiKvXFQX1qFx%7Et6HJw0HQRdbZePbsJAxQ03qgy3gk6yKGJ5li1GWU8xyfNN3g7W346yv3cspf050XHE3zlYZb4NvhISd1%7E0rQ1z-4YzmYcKO7N9d0ALH3DeOJ-Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM af39c8b616721ab937830cff7ffe2da6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 034 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Shoring for the first pour on the southeast ramp no. 182. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 28, 1986 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7d43ff6c811d707ebf41d670854daeab.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=cckMzgtc72Yf2AFcE81TwMN67YO%7EFrkdCvI3ZoEsP3F9hC-kPCntg8zZP-H9k%7ERhEnPRPm%7EO5NZK7BDNuBhNQsAqgU7ik6dY2uzKobDUT1buRPEjPHZhKvp72GDbjv9twXVqjQP8-24VB3aw7eJPuBUL%7EcRHXgtYFNesSmSo9SRnxvzWrSt60euDyBTz-O5Dh5h7mHaDNBYA8iqAyg3ypxOOhX94kJcmx4bTe5Uh8Qyn3Z6iXMEwQSCLxAfQV5dfgZv9p98EzS-BBbiy792VfZAUyAHhKdRrGWRkC9zcw3Ytqlzw9KeqTVjZ6JG00%7EzQknCMbtmnd6EGiQLDgaAG0Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1e93956774fcd5d6e16cf91a6eb68011 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 035 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure slab on grade in the west concourse no. 194. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 30, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/98bbedb234f28642f72eeeaec960f81b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=IkXeGtWrJkEN1JZDWRgmsgxrr1AB2FwHPxr0Pa-X%7EXryq3x23zNXLFyGHL1JZi9j1gTOTSCaMr66fUlHsRGojtimXu9h7dh5KK%7EWuebXwk1awqNf%7Evzb1JKSIWfcqoV%7E%7E81Ccti9rnqmYrNxdYx9NNZSEdDGYkGTI2%7ECNFH1aK0c2InVr8EwJsriDmDrkwmumevUxDNAvXZ%7Ex1gF48BvlzyW8Esiw-9H2r6udVQzc0DuAbl0%7EKhilMG1GRcXgmakQVoTCk5rluM3JsM0dbzLGn08kcCNhzZuQL17bAb6TzJc3bV98ZNajFbn5t5X76RuYE7MFBXeCYyC4vesCBhEgA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 01d646acbcba3ae9f0ff06d0bed5d67a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 036 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource West concourse metal roof decking looking west no. 204. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 27, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ba2407d4ca5e7ed88074868b1eba7fca.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=iGnn9DEeeSFcFDvHK0qU6vHJaQcQY6g0LD5qkbgs8nNOgjGlZSfCVdvds2krpB9sEGShxaO5fubZqdjpJyITNI5uOtmKjdRZARFtCGlym66sXUaLT6LtYRKSuOLAj17Qpsa8VJBgPcm89e4imZ6hjL2T9AuI7WmXWO3qr3icS5Tu3xwmoJhdILJiXmUBDbQJsqITmPtjp%7EFiGb44fZvWZ8YiXRGa7wGCZyY4ISaQPmKi3geI6bgQzFGdnfGOJKG0mPWAXgA9A4UY61p-4-6Xe0GW9%7EKHTOLDmaxWBAAvcmFo6vHITx-aNyVK3h84KM8TbX2x3Jwga1j6cBhrySjrsQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6d4293332939246bb7e5e5b0aff7075b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 037 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Roof framing on west link structure no. 221. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7b00a76db85d586e9bf06ecae3a71625.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=hFDqirXJcC5kZebk6PUwjiXUp%7Ea7ImHVrZ%7Ea5-3dynXL3nOFLXgpoOp2S-qHE3K-lGw2mH9Q%7EPJcn%7Eh2x41uhsgYQdNd-c7PmDl8SjJ-tYKhDejFjE3DA-3USxETa8%7EKWoQ%7Exy9bs6zcJS4g-1SxodhfcU34ZfPqONPduQVx8qxTvgpsqbcvBEv3eNxDSnhXfFfKFERyYhKoGiehzBsPhhLfCMbLKboEhRV3XxxbWTs1OmOIBdueb1ohP-UVZ3VXr5XdAkovz4N1hpLxJQXWYckv-xnIEGUIQOBfA%7E32F4OKbkl%7EXxb17UCCyYBXaBacVuN%7E2h0USOPFY7WwSmRcZg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM add0c11424d1ad64f041f766186ed0ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 038 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction projects Construction sites Rail transit Railroads Description An account of the resource Link structure west end framing steel no. 213. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District of Columbia. Department of Public Works District Department of Transportation Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 24, 1987 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/efa2d4cce96084c162b60ec391f6126c.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ZrjBJFGFFklFWddFv1b2b9uBZN6wkvvaMgqX4fPZL91zQL4W5FdHJdB08erZr4WlRSqENmDi2o7H%7E8X-OeSHhSbwri7enHjwCGKfjfr8o1O1WS2v%7E240gqOJjRBfP0J4kUiWukwtcUvWvsA2-tNdHO4ptk-YfW6-zn0epgSg6zKo7paKPu6WYA9ou0pOafjO3fKxutGlMqiFdFCYdQncIxiyQmwWH8K7g-9JQaVso2Dd-Ct-01H2U%7EN5M-hJgmWy5dghjBaIFyaGCGky2uj93FaFm3YZkNfd-oTGME3CkqeZFM-iy8MqzT6D7mFpt%7E7Gidqry54La1aTyOzPecZvTw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c291701276163a41e92abd365c30fc22 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 039 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Rail transit Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 26. Mezzanine Level-pour 1 scaffolds and formwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 28, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/aca296f37eb71081f284f1982ac1a30f.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EJuuTzQfRymj45j3f-4eiZ5T13M-fj02pHJ5sLAes6E2BZPkz764Z5VIMXUn4Y5xjV4hnIUs2citZqiYKMfEh-joe1kTXbDad6vykEyfYl60Ad%7EfAKId0J79CMdfKWg1vQkfoJIGj2mTZwCGI2JZZFrgBwyWrPN3mKT1DmrxexRxb7Wmt-6KywjEXCKkX0A4XusNO07kN%7ELzzBitSmXTv0EMg0lVfGyPNKReb4QDOF6jKQJfiWss0BbmZvHNwnlt0o0utfX%7Ed2%7ElOKln9EESuXLqJ2KEfn92Fp2GG5RW8X9RTAYkw4EE3orEFW1h3VjI8Odi3zSpJH7TMGDqTO-sAQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2f77f46150e599fba803c4fa6bafb83a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 040 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 27. Upper link structure-upper level track demolition. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 28, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7e94b2fb69ad786dca2f6a3f50f16670.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=E7vs055JQGqgEHMCNEyrGdgCLqLgr1Tl4Qhsc-YTkVdDmqH7M7CBVpex5EZ2rKxnF2MMtBU5XaSUivacYt3ZNxUNOUPncUrOnMIimmI6MW3bMPhiADyMoOGQmqXEAU9suwzbeUBxWiSIeZ4pulUrLAdLca6I65tFr21CmGVtkDMTBg%7EGemH3WpJrA1005gsBAZsZ5E70NTOXmKy11ManGfj217LjCFyVbMcx1OaHqSR4yqH0Sv1BxgInLUUAUMqc4keT6zeYLls6GGgferKV1iboogcCgpfQitiG9DWd0jTz6MNwdIvb9ZYlbBBuDKujwwdwUUvXgRt1Gf%7EeT2SNrQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d2d112281a82614f53455b3e7031164f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 041 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 28. Inbound passageway relocation-upper track level. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 28, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/fef1e402c413844fe98ba6c21cd8c67a.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=U9XnE9JdPcJ46ooa5P-d%7EFY31LykNkFe%7EBeo03nY%7EUKmq9%7E33wUA-fzS%7Eig20dK4rbJ1VP4FoTLVgRqmAWmGM2j7FBaXuFaos7vr0SG0oA8K%7Eb1RS7hZw8fOyXrHV2XB06HKWRJAgC3enO%7EU0LYwnHETmb%7EutjRLFktpPXkViRsbdC7n0i1HJyHHNi1qdM83Vf-Vbumo3e36CfXtqBmylP1ZlCjW6VU1FPNtkAVabMWQdXqvikwtNl71QujhoZjFrobHP%7E-ux34dKkXS1VrTpQenRhZluXwpxa2aYnTVwFkGoQkMPiMxU8B-3wjig4m56FuyLVuqKBLRzVd7fwvVEw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 609ec3e3b9a41eed28ae9242445950eb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 042 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Railroad tracks Construction sites Rail transit Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 29. Demolition canopy and overhead passageway Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 28, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b0aec5cba10f04aeecfec9b571653333.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=aqOEobJ%7EGNC0Zz3XuMsh-B5SyKS12GefNBRlKheOXm1Wwk3k4XltEhGdiWPMmbbnDg-Y1Ln72e4%7E9OfF5NcOWNGLb7IIIcC1ywltyxquTcnM%7EFfdwhXy4V78NJCeMPG%7EVUUecPvmmCv17eiexh7JghcnbZPSFOepL10UMiaBYT0NR6JAoe7H8fM3ltWMxg0A5GL7351eHh6TC1FOB8zmBdUrUrZikkkIyCXA1qQ5Xq6Ra03TQhCIWefMSDEior8a1fMOp%7Eskp2aOcd2oCBI5vT2bAyiNQnhwy57SBVOmS1WIEHj8Rw57WWrU7ysAsUoctUGOGCbBCeF5cqPMesPQdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0b4ac8156013de63d7d7a68de04ec022 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 043 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 31. Mezzanine level formwork-pier 1 looking east. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Highways and Traffic Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 28, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/52cf6dd8950b8ca11e5cf24ed2af1820.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=KPVXrt8DxtRmFvkNtdk6DtpItfQClVaBzNOJeEXLVwby%7EazWlH-0s0i1k1tXSZ0UEJlWdsadpBE8xt2o9RzCKbQJ358W3uVY-Qlky64v8-nVMmTz4eoEialTOW585lf53xg0qFeF76LChNqPpQ-Thto8jY8-g5jEEDVF6Uk4ISScOlYVI%7ERxaMve8o9ulcdLcTAfc%7E08QBIi6bkDsZJW4HvpjsV1DUW%7EoHuADPLwzbhChifHtF9OTYiRIaP-3ZQpm%7EVV5KBqEyeZ70UMbfYwwZhr9JGYxwkOsQszjSSkTo7VRLzPnyBY8IxE4DQiUAz8cJljafb3GUK4jCIefqj13w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 06636fd225efd4a48e67167bd7ddcd24 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 044 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Pedestrians Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 32. Exterior of a new inbound pedestrian passageway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 29, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b7330888af597f3308710958abb152bd.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EAkyr7bV4Cu1FgsUaUZlaHX6mhE76BwzVgHv23L6vkT3CJtiYl3EARbvIwDYvCVQOiBh0p4bcgvMvqCFE%7EfPkeeE-2EnvsZBDKhW-qj4--EoIOcKnvclVMAd3Yf75WGTWCTyfCHy6L7IAT8YbVRsfBb8KCFRRMGpP0MRLqsUbd%7EAE3R7mrXXjxEP8r-l8KsH7-6v01ed3FrahSWG4kMY0SWfY7hn7QayIBpFhxWHGTrWv9xxJ851xAc6XgidNlYXHpwk6OTT3SuHeaomteqRle97wZY-l2eewc8yFMXDcywueVOx4v2mnZbaV9%7EjJ6bmw1WlYnK%7EYO09WSZKa2tE9g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ba1ee07481e94dc53d8b07806396e483 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 045 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Pedestrians Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 33. Interior of a new inbound pedestrian passageway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 29, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ec8cae7ab0de7e389093d3f5d104e34b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ehQQmIfOlqqUFlLKx7qUzfF4wE56H6Tpd3BNhAPUbP-ABrIiEIy8WgY-htX6uZRsWGdGNGn1iEZ0oX9L2B3HVO4RJ-OEsRgoQZn8DBv0Cm9ze5wkN97adgJTRIngPUBGJq7qQI2qpaaj18cNV-4oDICBTuIDLXHFNBMYPmb1%7EH6OWOVXTljOw2oGPwOLngvQhx9QIsXq7K0igFj1OFRMS-FRPnQ3SZSb-Et%7ERNpPMC1YbBWiNMIDhc0RVH10IZl7RAa%7E1%7Ex5nXWB7lUEJPK2cJv97VCBPa3FmIsh1fAAsMhdwXWFdCqEBZtYtScw7o%7EkCSFwZJwni4iN8wGlNQmSAA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e49e47413e97b8f8b6dd9dd3891b8f8b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 046 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 34. Historic structure basement ceiling crossbeams. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 29, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/000cc73b7aa585eeba5ca3c320b8b90d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=eG-MoyUL%7EexdxOyGttaXB9XyiI5uE0-yZ9MymhgepouE9oI8oBiqmwGGnUgHc4B7JjeOryNqu%7E3RMvB9vm-z07IcpFkcxOp0VQnTb5Y-K9OKRUIS4-Cohl91lo3TRaLCYb%7EukdlyxsQuvfBktwcASJorkBeM5Sorwv-3ccHLJTzULghG2VF-lv9HJfvIjFi6h0D0IYtUsuN%7EFAjmC-Tjm4CuwoLfBBZw4uuYUk8mtWmym708YAnazCy9NNqyH4YsYL3ZIDn5FGO3jO1WR07iyvOktgW6yB05gsyqNOb77B4UTdIsrFVYveK4zwNT4b0DijH0KAKO9XgCux7NSk19tg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5d232f5b307a5f6c1d303c6f4f193781 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 047 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Railroad tracks Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 35. Lower track access demolition for temporary bridge. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 048 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 36. Upper link demolition. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 29, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/3975e4246e8086485b478f3539ddc5c2.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=QC1fqEo7ofJPxmem-k6B6mfEFwy6vu%7E2ebagRJ0dI7X%7ECuYz08rneLCsSycNV%7ECJ4zodC-QLMk0vpfj489q3I9ueDk-ageSZ-ArKLhUJfH1B8gNJvYnHhxRJK6dYc72N4oWdx54IHIx%7EHX7QYZJQFXiy2Qsl0J8K52SeFyM-gejWwLpne0CUhIXW2a1e64vUAA2nSij-ybqbveOGxD1mhYJSyEAYSGsg8fi47ADbLTiDWZsspEIYRhgANZPTYkVvMcmtA43A-00Fr2tGai3Ag5-xldv2umV%7E9r271cj5hRW3jWO3Bhgaox-IlBZaZTQVJqix3n8cvVrQZVY9BwIiOg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c0f331b1db39d871b86ca23b4fe9568e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 049 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Rail transit Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 37. Mezzanine level-pour 1 formwork Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 050 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 38. Mezzanine pour 1-A curing, Pour 1B slab reinforming and formwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 30, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/be11c280d8e8d989adb5a08129509e78.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=lN4-jqvsX3N2EOE%7EBkqSeakINLnFnNX9NG3Cz-ee8CRStdHGaMbGrNHmfgDzj9WpSjYAZmY7hqB9z%7EfpLQ0aJMWRC0k1Txzrfvy8AOEdu1ogSvMYX0adQ1ayuPKCQD0zLQBnnhGX3juzP5fk52klIUKTzybrMe0NlXVBwUuImjSFpgpe34GHyhmGvKIUvGU68OXqiwLFjj2Ehgtp68d0AtuX6vUAoj72knW1tSIIRNrZflmKkycnkUx5vuSGqIXsdIN2HxT14Po0BvNMVSQ8GA5VmkdRzWLqi16gSEzy0uZn%7E9jp8CxXUq7XDhG630a41moM1J5gjj2lCUQvlxmHtg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a7d637e29c0676c4c7f017ccba8f53a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 051 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 39. Mezzanine walkway demolition line F. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 052 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 40. Link structure pile crane leads and driven piles before cut-off. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 053 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Railroad tracks Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 41. Reshoring of main level for mezzanine pour 1-A and 1-B. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 054 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Personnel Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 42. Overhead passageway north and south of line 2.8-track 22 with an Amtrak train below the passageway. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 30, 1984 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ad69ac4df145a88e403ef58b01f10945.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=wRqLjNBhPY4FVa94ku-Vh8v0CoFgWqGIolpbQA8scLfylhhgNANdrBOkHB0FR2jDGWlVgb%7EK7wiCR2WmcvRPa3CMr08nBP7XgzFxDFKuG2gCcJamT7fRd32OF2T3b1EtHnnARwZA8qlFie52htTFQaMC0NaufYBCZbGaHsAV%7ETiP8DDCKmIhIixzj5%7EIH8GlQLI28PQZFd-eqmtVZ%7EybMs4KDV89zcT9Tl4lKN-Nd54qSI-DED7qRRcRTCgJ6JRwGjwAMnX50m8SWYQgN1loXOiyyo1Vv7IMDraXqJFosWmVsrGtenTU%7EzZh-PgKjgzJ23xd9FKuS-pC4n8pxpbUpg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 64b149ecc912e721d6658f34e18fab72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 055 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 43. Temporary pedestrian bridge for lower track access. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 056 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 44. Link structure upper track level-pile caps. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/b991a9cea92f5bd7a7f7a8d052f6f81c.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=su7MYBHhBSKZ0XFUlQCjF0OWM4j5oTUHUKxZjJSwXsQFOasqE6MINNwDRMTTxTvzme9OFKRJQA3tooUupGBBBDzGhD0n9kTAAgSrUxcor7HLBJ5-yQ6z2r9YeaTKOTyAS2LB9b1VEAXYxu%7E%7Es3faBXFsem-Z95DdaOkeseYK-t1XVtBx-XBh5%7ElhP5pliCFkR1SXYZTHqo0wvFyy-iX7612VJNMuVwHoKbQtl8CdcdMLIawP977uOfNP9LdKFK0ljkdSQHN%7EbLbXqoEAcBJhUGjX6DAYNzRbE16DnelGcpBYzPGrIR8aO4Bf2Hgw5ol2tWIi1oMHBmgQgtF6O2i%7EKQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 94f4a9507a7e7dc08a15f623f1aad275 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 057 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Rail transit Construction sites Railroad tracks Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 45. Main level extension-production piles line C. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5c85d7ee1379668bfa756f8a877ff77c.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=J0TxANs9-8bGhcYRmjObXOTgi11vw0xIemJm8f9TPtUwVOy3eotEZSCMKlcJ1BYnqz3798epTdE8EOh1FY2Mnuci9Vf2C4ZHUoLanP2hSftdu9Pu172n10VlmHJKX4hn1z5vPj6m2lMENsOwgBcV%7EVI7X1Z0pfZ-33xWfJm6ov2uTW0xt5xLAR-EVh0p0q1UVH-on65NFvRey36bOm0A-Fy3ehMVqfQpNZD4smRGWh%7EowFEWLWFBy1jaWw%7Es6arWUO%7EFZ7sMNcVNwCYyUvB45q%7EKuVnwSp3hBEjTt-9hJzb7NHMFIWuTL8E7Gbe8GgSndkyV2J-HXAAHL1kj52ya6g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6e260473908a6bba3a9f31d1e7ab6712 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 058 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Pedestrians Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 46. Lower track access east passageway with people walking through it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ce970b27b1c94a3b118d3c263a0f054d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=gov9VKMBY-zGsToCLExkAd587qx0YqtIWOXKN97vxp1i3ZH0%7EteWV9yJ2qoWQQ2dDlfdzYIk3ThikIHxQuDE2v%7E2CGmX9I5fqQkZ09O8s0yGNjiE0CNyqrlaC90aBoiEnDVhmlgAOQOeAyrnXzXCwpLjiordSropJhHl6bRQm9INO1gyKAA69qKtDS%7EDdzDJQbyHTM7u8hKioNyP8kkixzAk%7EKDtKz9twmGxJYgBK8uyMxd4MPUGNgRbHCvw0UEBkFyvLlYw9t7FK7HHOlsvmmd17CIaolL-H3NngGKSuNtpiI4tczY2oS3OJd0CtFxfrOdafU-mkkgJOJQuwyVSQg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM bae7ae84d715951c4da8d60ddf9d5ff2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 059 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Railroad tracks Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 47. Lower track access-pile load test. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0410220a02c92b048a5b89cf20dd6091.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=af7XqkpI3MdMTAChtKqCqctNeOmRNndLMXWLdnUJLtPyyoCngVn2KsLsQusBRwgCVeBQJVduOafNfml5resVySkr8n9wGN%7EJMQ-7GMLE41wQi9LbGqHakJS4QkaV8f3snj-p6UDnTGmF9WnOavBYctNs2L1xehD4EZmMO6G4pKSFqXiYV7zRI0RBPhL9l3ng9zZqptiq9jwLzJgPYlpqtdzr5KWkauj6OgcFmFFCSm2ITcaPN8YzWXhYRmptS7tLlWvQVs6put-HLk6XjL15-PJkGd%7Em7BG740lYpFHqjoAD-rS691FzL6f982NwXR%7ErgxMWuEqfOQehS9UgFS5ETA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 289a44418240a1861f186d9a7c53e2a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 060 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 48. Tower crane assembly. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5c5fd803d543baa74c90c90a384d006a.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=jL9WcYeOC0J7I0sQR5mcV2-uuHpWUPK2pkPVZFnk5zLIMmnx3W7LbTD9DHXeiCVout99X76y4xgvo0z0jwIE798gE8QhzHKRsAfUxFcmjc101pbhfftFnUBjghSampnnmJAaAv2dnaXqJGXUtO5m-BAewavxT8t1ESTM3MNB8nYuDSW1LpIcN6rQuOu1zLYKVUGaUkiBZFhgsiGL-9UJnPsLW%7E8Izo7hFByBRWppo0F-q0lAGoGNBvdf20d8PPjH19-gYHcmUH6kqJjNc0M-u3XCDMCgYAeKDQMxy5NJuPm4bKs2TaoTHngrgpibtaI1CcR2jRDHMFHIOWVORoXDWA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 3993a537f9ee7f24a7cce70fde87c776 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 061 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 49. Mezzanine level pours 2A and 2B. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 2, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/66c4d2bf01901e48eb59eeb92adef212.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EQJT47daKQIjZXW8XIvvVM9aIDpfsUSyN-eKJ8Zept2VgHDKX9LYFueajd5p9XYPPX19f1VOW8NYBv8-El8ZW8nmSyLqZK5EifLa3qyPMGWQ8hwCp1coXy4RZdjcebWAw1eIfq6x7uCEudykdw6T0nAZ3XQbzyls1baEeqr51%7ENuu0Im24YkCoHHjYRBcIoNgZImuvAeMwr9OZ6H-5LFgCxM5OXsrO0ANWgbQBKnqeZJIhMYeNrAisdpGOaMLU9JeLyiGxQ7E1wP-p-HRBBTEgpIY1WfOUPtt8j2j-zyZdwQVdp90UFOZsrbj2EbI2Fkv92dhiAN7jXaKNjmMQ7Z9w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e71ac51e1f9583214c27ab92e0d020e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 062 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 56. Mezzanine level pour 1-1 curing, pour 5 formwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/bb76bdf010ae2923bd6eff701ca76059.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=kblq6qs6U4W7tw1vZZ%7EraU0ExpJCCY4chSCcYJZl3V9LNn765XWq-lMyffLZUTjUXFLKaaXuRBC73NWTZv0o2czUPXvZ1-VqlkYSyOEKLgD6N52-etJNxbBPfomYSAWB2uFAPz46bJ0neKuSjxKk7CmINiw8ZDG4BOPZovcoyoi0tVfC63xGj2f5PLaCTfxjVPS9VHzOIHmaTo9e7DSj6ZrHnHmhigV2qut3viu5uI-NhCMDzy89k3UUuhxnwhJ1g2XG62YEGF02T-o9DOJRbPjQcbC5Jif7s7bIkmQLPJ1R9nPGvSl2FWj0L%7EJC4MEPnfTPSZ8xdYlzaHGUtKApSQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 071b9086533d6aab8594e9619bf0c7a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 063 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 57. Level 3-first pour formwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/8386ef3af1224c5d1a837a1294423e6e.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ZDJOUB1aRZ2AM1TxGuznHge5nI9KIMkf7thvux37Y7Sbj6v%7EnNXIf7Hr95j09z6khYS0Rx7uTF2WFZgsLL1FIBZ-1ZW6lS7N%7EQ6l0Cfp8niGvyJAg74he3rCmKLsmP4nUtyyiWZNnVM4U6y2gOlsMeL0N7phBKc35ZokDo4Hcy89nogYOrmQZHIFS2hkzV-VU46Bm042qPKOwa%7EXpW0l1Fpdi49sp3t8qR2ZCiJUHfPYHaSexmyLNBOdlXbemX96gNkQo%7Epby%7EqMGX2BpdbtTkK5ow7UCJrDh-uUzyB0lMZ7Wl--leFtIk9P8eCkauMAaKbASuX7Ca-zcM2DjdMDAQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 828c1086d2da084643836ea2100a6787 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 064 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 58. Link structure upper track level backfill 12" storm sewer. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7ac3274711b3ed35bd0bda7f856365eb.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=hEUTIVzp-PqY%7E0lNwGeqLrZl847AKKOZtc3S%7EcZIHVwaQD9X2Ylss7VrsqYBvuvoGb-hfclYDvgXDzkuLcevQEiW3pcF9nrCFgUINDQDBBs%7E8dQp9ARLuntvbux4Hp3XBbe2QIrBr2BvTHqgv1NNdbN9o3PeFm7BNx4vG7rGYAfdc3XvSi1IDGCjO3PO-2tSbFsyZHk92kAg0wzgo7MBB0X5aJpwmNs8S06G0NnGoV-W-k2DbDLa5Kk5oZJFtl6wXXok2n1Z7u6BcUMM2uhZZvix4bMHnbVp4Wp3vXfw%7EE7jEiiL7psoscBvegwNpR6o4uyXq6DVJxWw6sdiYi%7Ejbw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c2c8bf843f1067aa0129e6eba4b1e3fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 065 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Railroad tracks Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 59. Main level extension pile driving line D with trains sitting in the station. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5cf097268641def98a98a0ec169d2308.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=QdqK8nufplE7cQsIWwhcCPQZ33wk%7EzXfGIDBeRNSdaVl99J4p%7EYf6BHVGaP9JVqvvxCDx-UzxteSSaOp5574w-5fGyV0PrJSv0IYLBRfwTI6d7EqpyRovmtcsaffzrza-yW1NFKGOr75Lq8deo8NSmiqZBz1ldp7mQ8y8KLTYlF6LIt6s8GawlvP4fOZoHBcldaGPXNo21AvakLcV7efdxLTeKnKltID%7EvBG9aezAP%7EtALYoXcxlMYtldQ7joV5AbTTimLEcDaLQ6HF%7ExMQUAt9-x%7EQ9WfpURqG7XlTYWIVGWSXe2hxwyhBAe1IjIf-dunq96MiZdCGAJtG4hINhlg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 80cceccb1d14471404bcab33c2850605 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 066 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 60. East wall demolition. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e6169a85e9d132e40ba19b50470e5c74.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EuuwBFhaElPCLPYPWB6KMEEH0SCBHeoCDmQNi0AXPFbyQp1FfI1ML-7XyUjpKfSS6j3X1PH5gApujCsujvk9jnVCdLQmJT6DzSzuFRLRNxraN1GoYv7C5uuMesE3vREqGzEhI-oeAFD7qvy3VE6Yf4PMydvZVsw3nDu9ogez3Sn33lX1gdO6IIx6jtapvw2%7Egq4ubwSKG9iP-ZUMdZ79Rm3ryKOBI2woRO64VTKv8-McQFiyrKD9L6To7A1ZYRUwvqSH7h7mrx0lfQ3gOo%7Eohr7CIKB9%7EHRDmsDT6xv90e%7EzOYUDktrGI0wcCfA%7E0cyMERqEG1pWk0KMJhT2tAn%7Eqg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 125eeefd2fca8c288a4c50c6ed7eb0d6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 067 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 61. Lower track access phase 1 pile driving nearing completion. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/13e8be72293064af9057c6198315a32f.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=hT4eMaNZJr35eRuxadnOoRz%7E%7EgFxWVKqRYDz%7EQw3Vh0uOrkl%7EOCRQgAik7DC04jPb7UmkYYKb6GSjeRvQqvf%7EEOIwCEo0RdCnboNHADgl61DxHMrp6Mi5p52-E5KumMr4Rabk3YFUxghbINExnQ%7EekOrvpgyDD55KzZHZiPpUSZyj%7ERHpgBMMgBKO5Y0pxBOf-tADlHXTPH6cYVLHLGxsbEbFl%7EWL5DIRWp-L1uug3tRsb0k-YF9JT4DCCdqdfn3IftZSae19BrdBTGhscdzu7MxOMI7W3OODkfsZgUIZohn7XE0l0w2qNTptLKxpzQ4hms0BLB7FMJmbCRB9agGuA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a30714d67969cf386b502c3ff7767525 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 068 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 62. Mezzanine level pour 1-1 DSI bars in beam (coupler installation problems typical). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/14fb632dc37616e5732714e4ef982d58.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=EYnB%7EXHk0d8hg43NhptdnvuUAt7hv9F726VrREKXveruq2VAhabN2e6HjcmGoFkyymT9FehzkhDEQ8zGAeMDXRjK1pOa74atP3bxKrn8S7J1NwHQNC5-GP9mpzaF%7EFMoqWQH5AyCNtr-yJTRhLR5rlH0BECEeXgsJZTThvLA987ylhqBDEhXlRPmvEhpxNUjFyEsnW8qBavNdLb3z7hY7eIGDOLg7hf9KHgYPtsLtCLD4jZ4fQtE6TfbIRQdBbw1ZOafvR7vawvZn8-6-hv5X9n2W-JaNikcyXzCwYHer1jWXbZKxIIjCuquX7wxk%7Ec68V3TLYsxLkMB5TFg--6X7A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f32c18c33ca6ab66d85d8b56bd2cefc6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 069 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 63. Mezzanine level beams and slab of structure essentially complete. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/c88489db4936fc9744dbf557372aa4ca.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=BHsTS-Lw0UHP%7EW1RlInqj%7EOetxd923XqxYcbNbegy%7EbG1-GKtgiMQkaQqxnwiUWBJ%7EH0VNV%7EkCppG7lfg84BpHUVxrkhyyL0cv5rJkFRUc7VIT9pCbBbL1CRvKrJd68Yp6y3oKcoY2ZXBCujE9Qu-dQSPmr3kVzbQRIEwzLa6AoNP9gV4e1%7EJHBmcZA30S95rjlPfzlwUb1ZjO5VcSwxRG%7ESas%7Eu5j5-BTzko7xr8OOtjbSecGPAtttEDxzVqZgI9wLxI72V6X4OL-8hH8v2ZScKuDBFg2RrfZL2Hwi9zN5m45p46TGSlTBYjBHRz3wfHO4RieWnt94KvORxJYhh2g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 77d85935c0262fb3da01cbdbeb3f10f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 070 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 64. Level 3-pour #4 formwork (note level 4 pour #13 in background). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/30e4e55eb703a663ff876025a50c56f4.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Kl4y9pBpqduJb82FQ8qEhuLr9OQr0SdMwq-OKdaGt9oe2Kg4YZ5yx37EYmqFSwrwbnu0rFKy9e9JGGPEaXFnagjSH85nxSBBdHPgCtJNghFxfvmIq%7En1n2X5FGK9BqSlXIR7oAdCq8gz7U7Bp6zxiLbK0gnYG-DXOVJ-g3GLLlzUZaW9DJdsbUiLbRI5VNbIFDzmOgMtHgE2tlAs5X64jo6f7tIxQhgVBswXeP1sBThIOC%7E7u-QEAXt5EFk5pxb2Pc0XvcoU62lTUK0RiKdLrfeySSCG7Qqvm3JTFGtMordLTga0lldsGAt%7EnBQM9a%7E0nuCBREZla-RyhUnAiBHWwQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 19d9098756f8629910f30d4d80d00de1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 071 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 65. Level 2-pour #2 beam forms. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0a3edb9fa2bc5014f241369fb08c6ca2.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=rjc-wRyN1kxGbo7HM7DtqSEb9cY1g7mx%7EMd1rNW9z-pD3B6fa4ea8m%7E0vPZ-2lCTjtRgF7GZeLMgQekOhvhu9IyMNQVQHmGEmYdz7CAmIf7f4r38g3O55D2p%7E0EblAL6z7qn7ON6Mc2AxQ0O5TYUPdSlcm-mog6LBMNdTUa2m0fwfS4B0oIzokbLCMSEIhJqPMsMAkGy85w0eEezZP-cLCQe%7E73tEC2aS4nqlwCrVgLYrWY9Z09Kyaz1czdsGFFFLMIbpcEDDPSyuctyshwUCsZ9vZcbqPUmLr1csTfC3EN-Gzz278LTHSyNAKJcW9P3cp8BGUDDT%7EeWvnN7jIjwXA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM de064641eed6b35f9f4863a2086a12a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 072 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 66. Link structure-upper track level groundwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/26a6aa738a8d01d5a8f3144c3a69c0f4.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=puXTDCfz4fT7HTjcUBy6tBnghaN0AhgCLkO-aM41fpix5I4M%7E76E-OAaa1ZXGra8UhW1y11ScePo6m31Dqd9w2RG-pJAsuhc2OwnvyKAvlPh8h1DnegL%7ENc69sWK4ZuayWAGPJ53Xhg3%7EX6P2PtPXM%7Ew73EOsOXwfBdeSArZsBJMVCsOvRZ0QJFO28EVtFcyQti6G6aReYPRSFZd%7E5Rj3xcwBKsFl2u-pE9SZIq5inLXRP8QboW%7EIVY7aiWW1uQ4s0b-9AKz3OrVf5Rsf2fVT1U1fO9sYnsCTNN-AaeMlz8hidCfbqjIMwABQ7aJr0oRWNIhqky8ZGb2x-L9UBoyFQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 07a55a5f1120fdf073910ff5d724a7be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 073 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 67. New 480 volt stationary power installation (note lower track access columns in background). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/2783a86b150840fa3014cf312d9b8654.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=T9hUyuP0KNa-qT24dzn5PZFi3xwV45Z2WNBtpFQnGJYCU4%7EbNZzApHJY4bbf1fUHSu3U8jP%7EK1N7R41pM1PkzAZK2F9uTk479z26h2loAT6Kbw7mhkX7zaiR8W-l8pQUqmOT3gmD5dnBC7KqXu0rejaD4IxWhyqohkzObT3ETAl8lq5wk1YQJM82b2AikTw%7EHJtNPiJzYpuuvrku0iv5gni7lVqXXf0wrDJsRiLPWSC8UMvDNRj1CdEd-7%7EIYmaJ9jv3yKdR8HHuG4KVbZ-V-kB1Rylpm73hvxZrwQJRv2-VNhsOPZDFzSwcL4vn91GT6ODFPr-9gMzdVLy2bUHF%7Ew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e8df20340c041f41d4baf1660e7d2674 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 074 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 74. Grout plant for DSI tendons. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0e623c78c29935ee23fd84d76017a79e.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=nt1E7GjY1hkQMlZ7uZn4ZDmJrlZIlX%7EoYgMNL-AB3HZkTO2FJHlPdNRQCpvv7vlZ5XqEuNc7o975vZ6lKixx6d%7EMFDArSLk7IAPnWoGqskRlivYvMPSbnVm1GcCD1QOfa04WKgdpYrt%7EKymnK0rEE%7ErqwTA4dq1e9ZdVP3C5Bwxbx2auj7kqLg5JeXi1HB3f3%7ERwBGAnfNYLuR6Eonvvo1sBNxvivl1NfioPsYE%7EpRIDnC4KsdZPnUq%7ER%7Ey40xmrlg1fenBJIMZNnLtSQKO4bprlpn0MdPpCuOXQB%7EMxhZtT4RzB0IK1GnL%7E7ang0o0dfSA03wPPn88VU7Zl2oTkug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ec91f5a6eeffb4558453d3be68e62914 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 075 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Railroad tracks Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 75. Column forms-main level extension with MARC and Amtrak trains sitting in the train yard below. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/53e02af293fdcded3b5641c48ce1af3a.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=T6hqfo7IsPVXTTKQMrUWbPAtlUiFeKER8Na-biPLGQhsbyDyZUrtn5laIMGS7PO-hn2bxdF%7EvMwnirBxfloj5qYnqLJVaZ5J-Dx7ZUF645JlPsEzg5uTK2n8VYFEhE9n1Nw4WXG9r3P7osB-F7RElBUzYYzqB-NKAvpcZekxIG4cYuH69mWFcxjPRXcybFLFqYzsf2Q%7Ec18SIlv7KaNSGFqximrdxx84UEe-vzmGsGvNp7lCLKq67dw8ucvKJuBBPt8-rIuqp4gCWfqNl3B2G2fHjMtrJ30THfAbGOrwtkxPgfZsHUi33wIKN3Z3pd2C-alpGazhThuDf3gcheXpyw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 44ea8284d23439a022447629236ab7de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 076 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 76. Level 2 ramp-pour #1 formwork. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works. Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/0806c1ab15bfea414dbad5728e6ca9e5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=ru%7Ez-I0GGi7RY4yipgILnJmpLS%7EBsT3CNTIDQLNfmAo2tpvSY2xHTAvrek9Brv3DC6NNPBerQJ2umC0L42ME8Ote%7EhIiljL34MwmIcpdRmmNc-c7j0kBfuou5IF59mK8PqFEs5N0xk8-JL8xHAjon4J2PmU7KXdgYBX3K4vm-Zffz-5R51XkX%7EH2Jodl9vk3HbgeiWnm9LKLxJzgwj0BJeU%7EhPyqS0QWqZLV4m1gew%7EVUCqZJJkLWxJctCe6QPFLATZ8lun0-kmkFr4fOhbCfo%7EKfcBStQudH7vXEUYzqD3gWwRKtiPNzf50fzdbiqTUu8sfSpOfROkuObOagvp5Ew__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 327ec6f9e13e00c43aba9720471d878f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 077 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Railroad tracks Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 77. Lower track access-overhead passageway and formwork for beams. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/5d69559cdaced5936333495768da64ee.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=mefpKdcAouUj1Vf59w-T6Sjt63%7E1OhjPBEn5HSTLklB3RIPi2hqB%7EZOigsE9-3dmLQx%7E-e7f7UOt4jyAzBvPYdyhWESaJraf0Qeqyj-EkewIqvIGD8TjpEDdNR67EbG1N8zjNWBskCXNufcJr5rQq2P2jGitFqGdVsD0j1DSGX95nTV31eyNtbF0ulHvbADhuoqC4f4s7-t5HrP7fhKEc2F1Pl5b4YZAFa6HxPGrraRlvz7K6eX4aYFxQ-Q1Nhk5nb%7Eh7EPBYZ7%7E2YmWSrEOAtCKxWaBVqkIqUy7wSDyap9f4gwS4Lank4p7ix5IAjlAaZRG82011pVkaFYERpmcGg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 7f2181067b189c0276c8acdc820e386c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 078 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 78. Level 4, pour 14. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/00b67a059d6248320a85ee18458993e6.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qVquHJHtOmMA67nMF3vWCyFeqDASx8Cp3gYdMlQEO8CRN1gU1ii2DJZF-jth8apWOMVBVBw7HslBoM5JaLLsOBy55hwQmOAG1TDgjtbdFOKekLI%7EW1FEfksTrAJArfJymn7mlnnNv5fmucHPqLcXHlbv99dHvnT2bKvv7jHI0e2gboeIYB7exr60kkF545Opf4kdLlzdeaFX8l03S6EXx1Pe00x1c5KzC-Ku0Xh0bbXzgfY-Qk9rvDCWjoi2Mx6%7ExLUMibS8KW8ClHzI-bwceu-qSO7E2Pk8fTdU3PQUNetnCMLJ%7EcQsacPnAzUViYzxhO3mXdpa9azNdfTICQAfAw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0ebccc8b491c00f5792bcfd96715c4bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 079 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 79. Begin formwork for grade beams east end of upper link. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works. Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 29, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/8d04fc18515cae0a2a8b4cfc46cd3111.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=rQaZotdHFNrvZVpJ-Q42rkWKRK%7ElTsL3Wq6ktlay6%7E0Tez4gxanjRJY8bZIa%7EOXxAN5WV23HfJ1SwWlPW8pVsxcd0N-E-6DxIyp3yojmXfl88EcrXicpskIDaeOqr3CWsz3UDE-0TpvlXzbF5BIUH04cCrPkJIU4G-oXPa2fMD9AFJ817Mrw1HH-7mq%7EFow3UuT05N6dUngNLg1vOB7rXnIi3veI3l0OjKYIIs-8bRI2SkE4OEgGwK%7EC%7EJjvVguAHBrij0pfAkvw7XuC7hWZQFKOC4HdLVSrGhX1ygFJ3eNnm38uSPO18y9z%7EHL23BbyDzUdvnbhefOk2gTe51l8ng__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 0263b1357ec60a414e94a7a1b35b44d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 080 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 92. Link structure-grade beam installation and backfilling and historic structure steel repairs continue. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d3fe7f8fab8beed3cbe0046edd584339.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=fj%7ELKBEbSXH6RkiVQ8NVKTAmyyMq9kkgpAF3dVQegoKSChkbU3swyClSglBd0Kw0-pRYBK6f9i%7El9O0LZUDXFgK3d1M4AZ853jpjIjk3M3aMPS-uts2HYIYj4DMIoTTXxVKyW9N39otXaYvxIJAddt1XNHAMfNeI7odLf7kq0ULAvOn3Z1uFMvBiJKlIh7i9pX1oHBfCws1xrXrmpAhdpHlAPNFzL1pnRcS9rWRxfz0M9T1ZXbbMalb0dn-0u2QgHFdUkFGKCguxTSQhGNNV5BBdHABBoATf8Uv6xF3n0lYO05w8ZB-M2K2-uxEqXIiap4oZkMHgxAuoehN3FpOcTQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 1b1220eb3740de2d3aaf24ccb1482d3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 081 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 93. Lower track access-inbound passageway precast set and temporary pedestrian passageway connection. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/421d001e334190e9a1eeabf1f578920c.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=M4RDgRPSuLhHLHVW4VK5fTLM9oKBVEcZBy3CZBXGhxrPiuvt6biCSsvTjWaDA1YDIcyyPEhnvwyQsl7qMVRuvnuD7NK5EXHZJYC7kF%7E-dBol3pcS9qc8mM7Pf98UhHPH5G5C0x2q2i5CPG1-QwTq%7Eia7cwHAE4QjpqkO%7Ew3EWlOMKifLd4VV3VwJlON8osKGjSYhyjDYSWM2Gsc%7EcJA460HWeYui1549zpnIKFoEeFDs2PXCAj46yH5DtDt1aZdJLzP31rj-k424-nnsUot1wVBschpobdmGeuCFXy4yxbyjmCP4tYNC97QF1ZNeGZcTiI8DR%7EpgvS9NuJ%7ECNLnUvg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 99bfd67f6bc3e9ad26bec088c2bc6114 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 082 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Escalators Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 94. Lower track access-escalator assembly. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7b3b4d133ce9aa15179e0219e62175a5.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=mIgkmTagUnQIDqwOnCIbn7hvYYURD0LE9SVZP5xVrGo1JHgxft6V0LJquc1hnOz63HjCcWufoYx0VMPz4U5rSwrBMqqTak52dlY6dEksEHogoXEczQsJr1LVuSfL89Zzc7QBUSCL8Cgwgryw5q6K3-WmJkJr27rhmrvOZWWRC4fdmnBbZyxSovr6UJA1AI8HNhkOlrIHEF5ZguaSFOXzi4zdiONEugXq1dXVdsmPd1abq1uY3rjaFe4O38IALO3Dbvh9LnzsDvAr2cxJIPjYq2fc1Bage7gnrmtH%7EnyeYgMIgu1JKJSBb%7E1-8aR0MBcvUmtOOW9tMJs2OjwLocpaBQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM e515315d91588e1f198353b1c429f69d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 083 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Parking garages Passenger trains Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 95. Bus/Parking garage-east elevation new structure for parking levers 2 & 3 completed, parking level 4-50% completed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/1ff9896790ac6910c5e94876cac9d108.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=OOIeRDd9E7Q1uBtacCJsMdvHuBnrrJ%7EXVXB0atDOQSqL0ZjYEKViY5DxPHg0ir-lNiNxTTxYnmfqAyfaGrx4ZMvsI46bYkOaE1KpXYQZPlPm28fegh6JFddkOU6j38FDHao5bqKVcqtq-KomMLK12BMNJ8R9zRkFsEPhXu6-2Qa-JWCbOXUr-qSV19ZX7gJFLYF7qlBz5XX-%7EsmeeCh-Fvp2WjJYn3BTEO328vRs5bZj2ZAyHJGBDmXCAj7Z7uNLXLgKtRlJrQFI9rApr1XgDSeIOYF1s0RObo-ezAlI3DWeKnERR78hJnvKE8JkstH7cmqBCMrG1riqKjWtI-mRnw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2a57545357ac127679a16d59cbcece08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 084 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Personnel Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 96. Level 3-south wall architectural concrete form work and shoring. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/9787d99319ea80f9a7ad462ec79a188b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=AwuM3GbOoUgR1NKuZmcVKubFjVngAmDlmyd27-nRmKYsU6f7eXnnerPM-Oe--RIQ-HS3g93yjbjlCxokpiOT9zke5ug2xWcK-0cE9mhbGWTE72WJnsuiisnNRTKO%7EBTdnzekZSOH8pS7UcKGZZEaitgdHau1JgxTZoPlc5hwTM0Ej-J0TBid1h9VX0a3FEDQPkT2XVWU9GjJXWjcN8Ab3c6gpshbldnjgzhVBdqWlVRbGg5YSFYGrsFMML5fIrTI88XVXg1hSOnvQ7uB8gb5-06If%7Eu3L4bBguw1QkeHDV45LPoaQ7qZnkkNCnuRUecxOjF7vucVlzDt0Q%7EsdZ6Q5A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 89cbe634c00fd99881dfa5480f0a0726 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 085 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Parking garages H Street (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 97. Union Station Bus/Parking garage and rail access facilities from H Street looking west. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/fbe0bbab86296bb3abf02aef62f80dde.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=PJlUM9DJZX6w5UGzWCX45%7EwGlbw3GH46GHYwo%7EsYhqEwdl3Kfe7W6p97vq7uj0AJRz8JQe2r%7EejubkkUGahh-sFlL1F4ZQAdHb1NNeyG7AJiRuYSERQaqhmYgfwyquCn6RFP83tGiCnnAtgjmLNf7h4ktueX%7E26Sd3X37TrVE-hiHLX-Btnrq1xmnD0vQDlxg8L9mgnrIvmllI6txx5fiUF-PeUfhKOYbj9F32%7E0IpG%7Enbfti7QtiFz-uF0rmCG8WnYAKwzRmyWJtgPSibDU1J-zNbM5ZdFl4DrtboWZfnM5yzaAmYaabZF1l8z7KIZpsa1saoAQIWCLyHnIj4kIXA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 5887835b8e6b95fa28b13aefdbabdb99 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 086 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 104. Lower track access-inbound passageway roofing. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e2f49abb865391bc60436fd14f65a252.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=HDakdBLK--Q0QAukfqGm8yiN4LfrAU9iD0TCe8nBJn5ZNIk4xe92wDg%7EzURiU1xn1UuL66LXGvLxW6NTlZ9nTYugUYai%7E%7E9Apdhh6LryxJXNcOuk9CGPtAGa1tEv-xHDwYfbU2zPRcbByGEk7T%7E67Hi-PWIwfEpaBuKZ5mUFJsTgi7FXA3ZNDUFLOsbEOSPsY6IegkCAqOFlN4oH5eCYeJsiIYor5Ag19%7EfdB6hzkS-MDo2XfJYQdgMNcZ8s5pnvfEQy2NWPCXynq0Mt8YwL1H2ZS0m8C5Ml-xdWHcy2O7aDWlPTmZ4wZqRByfU-mMCDbGRQGbhVPS77n9JBiptmGw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a49faed7ef16902c0332831101123ab4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 087 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 105. Link structure-historic structure structural steel repairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/bca28658af71d03dd5e4fd5ce2f2b448.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=WY9kBF1AgkTq7RDiEhD1kpeVDu7NlDPtqRIln2RrbFp4tBKnKrN705dJO3iWg9f3tCQejXoWkwmY7soT7tO58YCXzOxR-I1xqHu-mjxzYn20M4ydvSV61neS3wqkOiMnzFhHYAfxVOeH%7EugmxyEakY3ZhS7SKeGIC%7EHtxnhNkIH4gTngM8icDk-GZRTKYvMmkKQSrZxuCSjVJoaiFlrCSgpnhGh2PZvvlw44LxeI-D57B12hgOpipxWGYpmSEdWSbkLOVCc5jQ4%7EOq28m5auNzcFAt3Li7E6RYFn-pSLAvAZP3nYhjHXC2bD6482izI6dSVab5CFFhHRjKF%7EvmXSCA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9cbfe0c1a10c11d30b0498ac7a5eeb96 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 088 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Pedestrians Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 106. Lower track access-opened inbound passageway with people walking through it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 28, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/d0d5f0160304685ad145a344f6116c6d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=P7eKS7RknLhRF0w-44fOFw2ma9tnePfFj2bmNvAXZeVP8L0hAh5cTbcHaTcANC8VbrQ3Cmc6zaKxiOZw1rNqDj2SK45w9%7EW0JVzaSo5ssbBMRn6es%7EqxKdd6ek4GIiGy1sURLWfmK7tasX6ZVA64umBukBA9CX9J6H65cAowQYJy2hhf%7EzheS62fv3igjXMTzxPoHTzN8pmhgQEDedxjUcJr41YrV870LIr-ng%7ENA3P%7E7%7E7XklMFoabcEIsRJBAy50zuJtYBY96GSKHlQgcWcAdA6XUa%7E5xojhY%7EqSYTZy7MJa%7EUF4BuSWzLtf1s4p%7E5lR5WpMNWmSm14eNROyE7yA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4a56f3cbdf1c97c1fb2d71547407a912 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 089 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 107. Lower link demolition-tracks 22 to 24. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 090 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Escalators Pedestrians Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 108. Escalator S and temporary canopy. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 091 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 109. South wall architectural concrete. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 092 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction workers Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 110. Main level extension-column C-8 pour and lines C,D,Df, and Dg columns completed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 094 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Motor vehicles Construction workers Subways Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 112. West elevation-sandstone wall begun next to the Union Station Metro entrance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 27, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6b7f63c60b314b12aa641cb8d29eafce.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=OJhvN8w1zvmEunJ7ixPilXo%7Eem5Ot4XcA597CleJbYpvmd-44ZZThuma14eAtakM4-nppRxnuBmODYPkksG5wfDq3cOuRVHwY7HFMqD3K3AYjun7PfGIMBKOXOp3oXGM7omSIB7poZ2JSdSb5z6ruy%7E2VeFy1Zte8FLvr8sabTUo8JcxrCvG80uyI1QwUHFhcTDPy7RMX0FcNIy3oRgeLE1Bbf5fbRIjNPXwIP98yQAGTrk4EeilcGl6oZOaIxZv7m0cu6R06lCmWUfsa8kDWgTDam9rlNmqlgpxzgmAkuckJWWOoCAbn-sWPrVr-yxE0XXo-BCNNgn0ATx8H4uIag__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM f161f04b6e5ca2b1a6b4c8fbfd20ad6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 093 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Construction sites Railroads Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 111. Link structure-upper track level columns completed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 27, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e33f9e83bfccca9c5e8eeaf73b2ee941.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qmDp8oF1kPOiYhnd63FM8nAzZTrW-unDCNPXTZgEvqYMEdGAa89S0872is5adcZTIx3uBnjlsY%7E8c58pF2bTib3uSsWAlWmFj2pmWxHL38FKX9iXq9dGhqTEBXBQnUFMFPE0IqInAZZ%7EquZ9%7E3r1-CpxyJl3DwjW6x9zwoixXFDaJ%7Ee4ymxA0APDcOFHSqil-27auce1n29ths5h1WP9TQtBaHg6QK-raK9pQNsX%7EttWk3aQ8TR3rXZXe3bJNvNhWLvBQ4h9uGOrdRdQqlY-0piRy%7E-0X4uwLSRbMyHcQS0ld7XTb93EdaR06Z4NAQQ7FYR3GBUj6EEftg35yVNd4w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM fe73cce2d6b93a35e650bd8c1d4cab97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 095 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Subways Motor vehicles Construction workers Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 113. West wall-spandrel beams completed for precast panels next to the Union Station Metro station entrance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 27, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/e8e0e7fde0280f695fd77f8ff96c2f13.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=PW%7EHdJ%7EMr1mbJf5mLwsb%7E52jhTPWXeDZ6Itvo8QrAYvWpvCviJnZ2srwR3WONWLqkDd6obiWfCu0-50z8ShJt9Va98e6zLqJNiID5ElJGCxBZ6GorsF1QkqskBJWa72PzoiSfjFEHfLMaZMV2G2LPKfGGnYKjFtuhB0zFbUnrmF1%7EFxYAdTTnkohW0nRz5qBO1bZkfyIBR93e5EaEG6pSbQt9wmFsZNRbVwoNOAHLFdh-MGZkbZUR2JVn1Aa31HPC7hUv9K%7E7LnYmJDrHywtZ8PnDbKcZmSNwkdG3PCG7X22pvOriLO0F6U92KzmO%7EuKsLagXENs5UIDk%7EiCOkmaQw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c0c4532a09985b96a25d4956590dc114 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 096 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 114. East wall pile cap-G-5 excavation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 097 Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Railroads Construction sites Excavations Description An account of the resource Union Station no. 115. Lower track level-storm sewer excavation and obstructions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation District of Columbia. Department of Public Works Stewart Brothers Photographers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 27, 1985 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7523927c07a81fef8b830a8e5819bdf3.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=bb9Kpb1013s5NhHLyH5cIHrjXBbs09mh%7EB5Wg-DLxCVSZ0rTtFi52v8L4UxMXEO7Z-hKK0UEBgGX0YJ6onCdxLPUhLOY5xeJkIB6QtrJOexvLdwZo755TJHbHKMo5fQjPYi6WRC%7Eahdvi5mrmKunSNBX5XZlId0mEpvS8g1rxIrDzRX896ZlXJzFVKuqWNHvTke2oJq3D23W8QQhd5coj-arGvOsfInVQSqBW-j2Pbv4XUWqU5atjxbh3OpOaf2%7E4x95sLCrSRe%7Ea96l-3%7ElcWGOkD9BmeQsRJhm3hckw9yBoK0cIvj-AC7M1PeK9fi2nbigWlt0Zx0HJgMc4PKTXw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4130978f34548bc42c4ec566c1da65cb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station 1980s Plans Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Blueprints Public works Public buildings Description An account of the resource Proposed layout of Union Station during its redevelopment in the 1980s that was completed in 1988. The current layout is very similar. Amtrak is now planning to redevelop the station once again to increase concourse space. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Layout 1976-1978 Subject The topic of the resource Blueprints Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Public works Description An account of the resource Layout of Union Station after being partially converted into the National Visitor Center (open from 1976-1978). This attempted to centralize tourist connections to one place, but failed in becoming a mainstay. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Traffic Plans Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) City planning Blueprints Public works Description An account of the resource Layout of Columbus Plaza (aka Columbus Circle) and the proposed street traffic for the area. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amtrak Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Maps Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ed54f6b718325c0e5247c641da3c10bd.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=q%7EJdzk-LBGjwjLnWhzPDZ34xF7Hhi-w0l2acVNdn56AGj%7E2hS6L%7EHQI0BWDyk7pIyn6TgyCOy2IdehIHJS2GIcaqGr%7E0lPzISa0e4xZbp3GRItBG8zraoPMxxkwHm3qC1M0pDQ7jAlc8JRiak7Qc7uN%7EPaCt7jeBmv4gaOABdW2isVndCmmHJJx0EOC5eWE1bDJ%7EJgP%7EWMJB5hd3ICM134Z-zAjG5vvPuMYm8NM3Awm9IK3Z8N8udYWeghe0UBrKacddZhsS3s-ygZdwesx61tY7f04SNK9HBrABKV7kbSYIOPYaQbUU7X-fqTvw1tozP3ZGi72hjN%7EFJeTvkVZ8cA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ed166e11d48bfe92e9571747ddab647e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Central Hall of National Visitor Center Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Sketch of Union Station's Central Hall as it was planned to look when under the National Visitor Center name from 1976-1978. The Center was abandon in 1978 to redevelop Union Station as a mall to reinforce its place as a transportation hub. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Esplanade Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Proposed sketch of the atrium area connecting the soon to be built parking garage and Union Station Terminal. While the parking garage was built and remains, this atrium area is now the location of Amtrak's waiting area that was redesigned in 1988. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Visitor Center Study Commission Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 15, 1967 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Arthur Moore Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Renderings Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/9d77c57a2af46f71ecb2b3c43128bd90.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=SlbL7D0-Je916tKSo1MFai%7EdNUURd4F4-Dj8WLtzS5RKgD0y4pYdHRBWkhdEX3sLuyDPEh08KbStvkd8hY1AfKCFv%7ErQxEeN0dTiXqg-7zKsAqFJCxPOHJC803wb-VegkX0KdJ%7E8EUUS4GXE5wLBr7uOjSKuHVt1WMNz1uSS2eftVxHXBP7Xf9nHYAmCbVXCiTX98T%7Efn4E1UZw4lbvRXgpK9Lnsw2g5ggkvsmBWsuQ9yF1yzIK35Wplc8N8B6LQfo52ZheSLZ6k5g9L21xVzPo2oeUtWZo9eFhdKSG1-FmKUFKIJZSq8xn66TydfbkcVKW89-S2GVqBf53OT%7EDGsw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d5ed4ebe4a2b1f5be992ac38b516806e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proposed Rail Terminal at Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Sketch of the proposed new rail terminal at Union Station from the National Visitor Center plans. The current railroad area is different from these plans, but does share the escalator and general layout similarities. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Visitor Center Study Commission Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 15, 1967 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Arthur Moore Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Renderings Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/ae510b71ad94214cb3f1ebf077f7c6b9.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=c8ZSjtk%7Ev2tUOnKWeS3aXQmMFzeYvVOJ801kJIDDCzoBvnISo5U-CEeNERf1FuBL-b5IzGaSfraWpkY7t80-KKavjOy3ptkUm1Qk5O5gBZwuUm7TXgRZwHmWojj-126LHP%7EXRvvXFHY8M4v0XckbtGLpKRqh8-FXvVwzuovW3VxltYVH48d6EYqcNuztoDfueRVVMQxoswAjRSiyTA%7EGReMRNI%7E%7Emvu6fp8QY2aDSzU%7E004XGzNeNuz1Av0HmEpGa1JtxOTGUbkku198jWsREOSc781RLU-Tq18sK%7EFqwa2nsOorvvYE9pYnMHY2W5bDpj6fXiCheg03Fa7LpKDGog__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 17c4a39c328f90845f09de8f43506807 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transverse Section of Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of Union Station while called the National Visitor Center. One can see how the area was laid out during this time with a parking garage located above the rail loading area. The Helistop located on top of the parking garage would not come to fruition. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Visitor Center Study Commission Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 15, 1967 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Renderings Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/7ef75356a7b7530299158c1591819088.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=E6c93Rbhaw%7Ek6qYH7dYPdzGTrb23PwqxDI67jVfGw9IId-bsV9-cCiABAYetcA5yjXG2ed3HAESP5fhJCppycnuA34qal3ITrOwKUWnmpG3rcNoS9Sc5oJgTAr%7EKeCHwA3%7Eml2aHtdalSQbfXOScnydb13TBu1cZUCnbYZFRvqmNWPkIq7QSkN9tUpjUuYgOwaus6KALU-F40vP%7EYz6r-IIIe7Q0zNN-E4D9n9t1H-THw8LX6iW0JcmsDUnFpZTwnZ7rr2inW7n0wr1ENYPKSNBEU0WTMgsANzqe13K2JP9Hl6iWZW-h0MSU0IvtdrtX5cJzpA6euSVqp3hB%7EiefEA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4c317521f23ccf1721bf132b868557ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Model Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Model of Union Station as the proposed National Visitor Center with accompanying parking garage. This proposed garage was eventually built, but only located on the west side of the rail yard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource National Visitor Center Study Commission Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 15, 1967 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Renderings Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Language A language of the resource English https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6ec6fb44df0ece614e97fa25a7b56384.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=NmThQA6AvFtXUYQe26xQ-M-4uBBkSq8WbWB7ICCB6po-YVrU7IHz7sZA5dS23oNhZMmiSkfPM54z9tv2oR7OfmF2m-SEahKd1Ffqs3f0od7wrtMaF34Ly6ZOgWsmFY0V7UuvyU6XPMEsdp47yuPkrHdn53%7EgoZk8eYJO7nFgK51ZXR7GAf2kXkMzvqvFKQtpm4HMo%7EDrIy0WPjKdNfpBgyLpt3GYbo4EHYt25cP3jIVsBQxVbVvDib3R5v130vSQl0i32CHoxGuPNeRK2ARcbwPJvlqHxEeRcSKM4JS9cJOlt2aMjYmLXwU4DTJfXb-1Q43yqFExIYzT%7EM8tdV6GTA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 88df1ecd542469a801c165cde8463029 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Main Hall Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the main hall at Union Station before being redesigned as the National Visitor Center in 1976. To the left of the photo are doors leading to Columbus Circle and to the right are doors leading to the rail terminal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource General Services Administration Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 1965 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Robert L. Plavnick, A.I.P. S. Dillon Ripley Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Washington's Union Station: As a Transportation Museum... As a Visitor and Student Center Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Smithsonian Institution https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/8536ebca9d3cf0ecef8b95aa4624a82d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=eiZgMQq-Ya8fAiL1AO5NP6Q2dqOI98mkAy63BTdk0LPI%7E%7E8E9D1XhdQubLIlB0M3RGjjzW5t0ZkbiJ5kzPLKcvO9iQCqx1Xm2HeqLPTIutMV4%7EgDx5dJaq4GtLSw%7EAOiIgVegPGKUOryVjLplfakVITaaSsOYoUrWpK-B8apOANIYEqcFxGjbOfobrfC1SQImQP-GC-O1PnGw%7ENwVLAMU1U2UVcWns977x5m0wo5%7Ey9%7EswyZb4kx%7EbYH3yPB0pXPofyD7iVE-wua4TNxLOL2Q4jDfTJjePBZ87IlXA7WsM1OO-k2G5rAh9KRXnVqX-XTHDgyzjTS1IPNbQRrttv0kQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM af68495c989ada0e9907b54eff577ec1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Entrance to Train Concourse Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the doors leading to train terminals at Union Station before the redesigned National Visitor Center was installed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource General Services Administration Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Washington's Union Station: As a Transportation Museum... As a Visitor and Student Center Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Smithsonian Institution Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 1965 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Robert L. Plavnick, A.I.P. S. Dillon Ripley Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/4f59d8b80ccf069c8cf7e70ec2150bcd.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=TdjAZw4JOcTqRDdeOYMai8yPbqjGCMvLZKPmNv5Kms8Zf8M0h8aIgg69loLhdrChTkw-uFw5uRQDTWcu5O5fBsrcpJX7gsi0GQsHmfW9onRcLz2SThWTQqRSCmjTTzw%7ERRV-9FnOOIokK3FmeLRScW7FZXEGIAIV9Qu9sOrCGXKbxzas%7EUm3-%7EBwXxv67gPz1m6kW0xVs4To-VZ3RrKsuRl605-eOPEPBuKztHdopwMEWXgNiUFPaimbvf32ckKsOM26iedzBOhW7I3oLNGCwqKOUJ1A5TibCurQnlJTDxoWS88iV3R7A2o7vy5wanJQn1qfkoMC-nOR2vI-WaGSdw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 34fad14c7aae79012082ae4efdfb766a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station of the 21st Century Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the front entrance to Union Station with the Columbus Circle loading area for buses and taxis featured. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Washington, D.C. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f48c2d65dfa0811b9985803a4a3f671b.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=u-uHo5iy66anbevTr0SIxJvV0XWygO3C1SCqPANqqmm0tY6oAZzyuPyPvxiFIz4874YKXHS09u9olxp8oTiZdkbNaq8r-4zvQjb6PKfTF1eVXnLwCmZaLFBKsqvTWkJ-O4EY2gvYzUKfweZwtyZXkgfqM89Llnp1X%7E7z38dWgbDX6gBMIRThmdQ1whdbX0i74uWRwTxX-mh0GGeyAAUcqbYwPG0g0INtLUCRG2jJLWkApL8SaZgVOVEvMS1843OMolQ%7E7kharfeneDdd%7E3qh2D2-dAphoj0hmjtcq1frDWb4KCf0t2rhw0TgqVY4d6qp57GAeNRcqS-sq3gRlQ%7E6Tw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8de2455c108b348e3fbd20d413936e9e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Intermodal Transportation Center Cover Page Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Cover page image to DDOT's Union Station Intermodal Transportation Center Feasibility Study. This study analyzed how all forms of transportation interacted with the station and how additional work could increase the efficiency of the area. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Washington, D.C. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/f57cdbe3aefc9c8b5d2e6c4abc838d49.JPG?Expires=1779321600&Signature=qCahIZ7GGx7FQHW2Zx638IP0KVcWqSoquf5a0p-CrMk9BRQb%7EJSz42gAEoYSrGld0K0IXDDsORlTEFmntN4MBaxLWhjeb6abp6pWIR25mnAw3mDPnL-fy7y0Q3wrgpDTZ8oPrWNqmI645QCCQnnx5ZOSN-OxXET7CBxrfu53uUcoD5APVHkOyncAPWBBWFwqfqF0fnRYCf73RtaWfojrtDxlEXmzlc6%7E5BjY3o8mgR3P-Q0JZ18Cf%7ENexGQwg4vi%7EnghHmc%7EGyuQ7cULAJfl9Srrv-34uky4gBdlgcKc-8uGb%7EMKAAGJf%7E0kBrZKoH1Ld-c1nRkWbiDSAGQlMNe5bA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 40460d9e645e822267679fb711e667bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Bikeshare Locations Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource View of the Union Station area and the 5 DDOT Capital Bikeshare Station locations located around this area. The bikeshare station directly east of the station is the largest of the Capital Bikeshare network, with 48 bicycle docks. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource September 27, 2018 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Union Station https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/6e5d33747095ce9485fa5f39ddb99b0d.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=Vb3wm8NkBi6aOcMiDurbkY6qoSjiF9iXKFkmo1ml%7EJWimHtiyOxABTEIdDXPeCGbfTwNv-8Pd0v9W-iocnwtTS4HV0k%7EnP6rmBXf6OrpsEPgfVWXT%7Ece9jXQaqgRqIyjl008FAVPq8L1JtShmzBqPbmoUi1LsiY7IGQIsHrAkfcSxCS%7EMV0I2nYNZJsQU84VswMfdeAwzuVrN2PLJXvoI9foYHDXt1HRMJC6qhpk8-jifffQ06dEfkNy7poNDH1HPL%7Eu-4uN%7EEvrfS%7EXtrPB3PFyjdIv66X6LLNa6hCT7IfWZ6sIMOc1QKAT0sa3EthOU1ROS4hpRXAPX-kcABFLVQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 2f945075950ccbb389649d6714eda8ae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Circulator Bus with Driver Subject The topic of the resource Buses Public Transportation Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource A new DDOT Circulator Bus being unveiled in 2017. Three of the Circulator routes currently in operation have a terminus at Union Station. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 1, 2017 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/13460/archive/files/53078474ea579e1dd796dbd5d85f5d88.jpg?Expires=1779321600&Signature=GEyRo3lDhDtz8nGmbfXZczuxxjJO%7EgwSzAFpi51wS%7EwcTkI8jJkNqz4gCfgdLTloUHNRw8vo5ptndGbT%7Eh%7E0f3GXqDTpPIcN0b8I-3eb3G8BpOBHFKCnKYhfjfkUswc0L%7EIJpqoUQ8%7E4EeMqXNViqpCj0R4NqqdrFmRLT4Wgff9tuFvf9i8LGhRiifxjoafVgBECVhdY-pTh2qHhNchofyTO9TZtmI87W1JZFgtRISIjMsU1lcdh3Y9wNYLgVuyrgmTi9pMqdAwBAE3zUhbOxuctbf9dMqor-fPAroVB-SzR2%7ES2%7EJ%7EbXEzesKEP9kNyMtDb-MpvfMq7V31os0CcFQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM baa3c6c81081368fcc21dad92d2c05b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Streetcar - Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Cable cars (Streetcars) Streetcars Terminals (Transportation) Description An account of the resource View of the DC Streetcar near its western terminus at Union Station. This stop is on the H Street Bridge just north of Union Station with a connecting walkway to the terminal. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Still Image Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource DC Buildings, Churches, and Landmarks Subject The topic of the resource Libraries Buildings Monuments Description An account of the resource Photos of various buildings, landmarks, and monuments in DC. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource District Department of Transportation Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Station Subject The topic of the resource Construction projects Railroads Union Station (Washington, D.C.) Description An account of the resource Photos of Union Station, including project photos of the restoration and renovation in the 1980s. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource District Department of Transportation Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographs Illustrations Renderings Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Prints Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Various Color Photography Construction Projects Rail Transit Railroads Union Station